{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1490","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1489","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1491","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1893\u0026facet.sort=count\u0026page=1500"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1490,"next_page":1491,"prev_page":1489,"total_pages":1500,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":14890,"total_count":15000,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wool yarn twist tester, 1868/1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02","parent_ssim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956","Miscellaneous, 1868/1952"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_509","viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wool yarn twist tester","title_ssm":["Wool yarn twist tester"],"title_tesim":["Wool yarn twist tester"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wool yarn twist tester, 1868/1952"],"text":["Wool yarn twist tester, 1868/1952","Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956","Miscellaneous, 1868/1952","box 8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956","Miscellaneous, 1868/1952"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956","Miscellaneous, 1868/1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1868/1952"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1868-1952"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":149,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956"],"containers_ssim":["box 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["\"The library has not investigated the copyright status of these materials, and some or all may be protected by copyright. Users are responsible for making their own determinations about copyright status of these materials.\"","Please refer to:\nhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en"],"date_range_isim":[1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#9","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_509","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_509.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/447","title_filing_ssi":"Charlottesville Woolen Mills records","title_ssm":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records"],"title_tesim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1868-1956"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1868-1956"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1868/1956"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956"],"text":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956","MSS 16353","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/509","Industries -- Virginia","Textile industry","Wool fabrics","Textile workers","Supervisors, Industrial","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Correspondence","Shop signs","Plats (maps)","The collection is open for research use.","This collection is organized into two series: Business records and Miscellaenous materials. \nSeries 1:","Business Records, 1868-1956 (20.63 cubic feet). This series is arranged at the file and item level and chronologically. In order to maintain original order, the titles of each item begin with the names of the individual administrative departments to which they belong.\nBecause they all fall under the category of business records, one series by that name suffices for the purposes of this record.","This series contains 125 business ledgers that have been numbered sequentially, and other paperwork and material that directly related to the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills. This includes loose legal documents, correspondence, newspaper clipping, or materials from the ledgers themselves, all part of the greater business records of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","Board of Directors and Stockholders:\nLedgers 1-12,\nLoose materials in minute books,\n\"Comparison of yearly earnings\",\nStock sales register, and\nLoose Materials in Stock Ledgers","Executive:\nLedger 13, and\nCorrespondence","Financial:\nLedgers 14-26","Superintendent:\nLedgers 27-71","Sales:\nLedgers 72-75","Labor:\nLedgers 76-118, and\nLoose materials in timebooks","Production:\nLedgers 119-125","Legal and Property:\nAbstract of title: Shadwell Dam, Virginia,\nTrademark patent,\nData re. Sale to C + O RR Co of Shadwell Property, and\nBlueprint of \"property to be acquired from Charlottesville woolen mills near Shadwell, VA\"","Series 2:","Miscellaneous, ~1913-1933 (3.75 cubic feet). This series is arranged first chronoligically according to the dates provided. The materials in this series vary from tools used in the factory to samples used for sales. The date range is a rough estimate based on what dates are provided. Some artifacts have no dates attributed to them and may have been created prior to 1913. The fabric samples dated from 1913 to 1933 are themselves arranged numerically according to their respective pattern numbers. The tin advert sign was made in Philadelphia, PA.","The Charlottesville Woolen Mills factory was incorporated in 1868 by H.C. Marchant and was located in the southeastern part of Charlottesville, VA.","From the 1830s until it's seizure by the Confederate governement in 1861, the building operated as a combination wool, cotton, flour and lumber mill, and later also included a blacksmith's shop, corn mill, grist mill, plaster mill, and a store selling dry goods. During this time the land was sold a number of times until 1960, when the company was reorganized as the Charlottesville Manufacturing Company, with John A. Marchant, his son. Henry Clay Marchant, John Wood, H. L. Anderson, T. J. Wertenbaker, and John C. Patterson operating a joint stock company. The textile plant provided wool uniforms for the soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil War. A second reorganization in 1964 made Henry Clay Marchant the sole owner. Following the destruction of the mill during the Civil War and after the war had ended, the factory was rebuilt, and, on December 18, 1868, Charlottesville Woolen Mills was chartered \"for the manufacture, purchase and sale of woolen, cotton, silk and other fabrics ...\"","The plant went on to provide high quality textiles used by Brooks Brothers clothiers, uniforms for the cadets of West Point, and police officers in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los Angeles. At one point 90 percent of the country's military schools, including the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, purchased uniforms made here. Coffin makers in Atlanta and Burlington, N.C., also used the soft cloth to line caskets.","Charlottesvills Woolen Mills survived the Great Depression of the 1930s mainly because of its uniform contracts. It experienced its greatest prosperity manufacturing uniforms for soldiers during World War I and II. During the height of World War II a work force of about 400 people was producing 15,000 yards of uniform cloth a month.","In 1959 Charlottesville Woolen Mills was bought by Kent Manufacturing Company, of Philadelphia. The introduction of synthetic fabrics in the late 1950s led to a decrease in demand for wool. In 1962 Kent Manufacturing Company dissolved the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","Sources:","Maurer, David. \"Woolen Mills wove a tight community.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/lifestyles/woolen-mills-wove-a-tight-community/article_467a3534-5d1b-5f83-abdb-f1a170eb0396.html. 28 Aug. 2011.","Delesline, Nate. \"Historic Woolen Mills under contract for sale.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/historic-woolen-mills-under-contract-for-sale/article_7512bd70-b082-11e3-9f64-0017a43b2370.html. 20 March 2014.","Dailty Progress Staff. \"Labor dispute at Woolen Mills leads to worker strike.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/125yearsofprogress/labor-dispute-at-woolen-mills-leads-to-worker-strike/article_49c5dff0-ec7d-11e6-9604-4f40db426882.html. 6 Feb. 2017.","Gianniny, Jr., Allan, Compiler. \"Charlottesville Woolen Mills Chronology.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/chronology.html. Accessed 19 Feb. 2018.","Britton, Rick. \"The Charlottesville Woolen Mills, Clothing a Nation.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/Charlottesville.html. 2006.","Poindexter, Harry Edward. \"A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\" Thesis (M.A.), University of Virginia, 1955.","Daily Progress Staff. \"City's Oldest Industry is Regaining Health.\" The Daily Progress Charlottesville Bicentennial Edition, vol. 72, no. 89, 1962, p. 58.","Sandbeck, Peter. A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.Nichols Student Papers, University of Virginia School of Architecture, 1975.","Charlottesville Woolen Mills, Charlottesville, VA. \nBusiness records, 1868-1956. Incorporated 1868 by H.C. Marchant; operated until 1962.","This collection is comprised of ledgers, papers, artifacts, a map, and a panoramic photograph. It is divided into two series: Business Records and Miscellaneous. The first series, Business Records contains ledgers and business related paperwork, such as correspondence and legal documetns. The second series, Miscellaneous, contains the remaining artifacts and materials not directly associated with the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","A list of names located within this collection:\nMr. George R.B. Michie,\nMr. Edward Van Wagenen,\nMr. P.M. Greene,\nMr. John S. White,\nMr. Rigby,\nW. Erskine Buford,\nFred L. Watson,\nArchibald Lammey,\nHenry J. Wilkinson,\nGeorge W. Sommers,\nCharles H. Dickinson, Jr.,\nDonal G. Chester,\nGeorge T. Huff,\nAustin Kilham,\nClark E. Lindsay,\nDr. John R. Morris, Jr.,\nHerbert J. Smith, Jr.,\nDuryee Van Wagenen,\nH.A. Dinwiddie,\nL.T. Hankel,\nJohn H. Robinson","The tin advert sign is in poor condition and should not be handled. The sign is housed in a box with a tray so that lifting the tray with its handles will negate any need for touching the item itself.","\"The library has not investigated the copyright status of these materials, and some or all may be protected by copyright. Users are responsible for making their own determinations about copyright status of these materials.\"","Please refer to:\nhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956"],"collection_ssim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills records, 1868/1956"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16353","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16353","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/509"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The tin advert sign is in poor condition and should not be handled. The sign is housed in a box with a tray so that lifting the tray with its handles will negate any need for touching the item itself.","\"The library has not investigated the copyright status of these materials, and some or all may be protected by copyright. Users are responsible for making their own determinations about copyright status of these materials.\"","Please refer to:\nhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by the American Textile History Museum, 16 May 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Industries -- Virginia","Textile industry","Wool fabrics","Textile workers","Supervisors, Industrial","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Correspondence","Shop signs","Plats (maps)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Industries -- Virginia","Textile industry","Wool fabrics","Textile workers","Supervisors, Industrial","Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Correspondence","Shop signs","Plats (maps)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.38 Cubic Feet 81 volumes,\n3 cubic foot boxes, \n4 document boxes,\n5 oversized flat boxes,\n4 oversized folders\n1 odd sized artifact box,\n2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["24.38 Cubic Feet 81 volumes,\n3 cubic foot boxes, \n4 document boxes,\n5 oversized flat boxes,\n4 oversized folders\n1 odd sized artifact box,\n2 artifacts"],"genreform_ssim":["Business records","Ledgers (account books)","Correspondence","Shop signs","Plats (maps)"],"date_range_isim":[1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into two series: Business records and Miscellaenous materials. \nSeries 1:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Records, 1868-1956 (20.63 cubic feet). This series is arranged at the file and item level and chronologically. In order to maintain original order, the titles of each item begin with the names of the individual administrative departments to which they belong.\nBecause they all fall under the category of business records, one series by that name suffices for the purposes of this record.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 125 business ledgers that have been numbered sequentially, and other paperwork and material that directly related to the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills. This includes loose legal documents, correspondence, newspaper clipping, or materials from the ledgers themselves, all part of the greater business records of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoard of Directors and Stockholders:\nLedgers 1-12,\nLoose materials in minute books,\n\"Comparison of yearly earnings\",\nStock sales register, and\nLoose Materials in Stock Ledgers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExecutive:\nLedger 13, and\nCorrespondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFinancial:\nLedgers 14-26\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuperintendent:\nLedgers 27-71\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSales:\nLedgers 72-75\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLabor:\nLedgers 76-118, and\nLoose materials in timebooks\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProduction:\nLedgers 119-125\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal and Property:\nAbstract of title: Shadwell Dam, Virginia,\nTrademark patent,\nData re. Sale to C + O RR Co of Shadwell Property, and\nBlueprint of \"property to be acquired from Charlottesville woolen mills near Shadwell, VA\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, ~1913-1933 (3.75 cubic feet). This series is arranged first chronoligically according to the dates provided. The materials in this series vary from tools used in the factory to samples used for sales. The date range is a rough estimate based on what dates are provided. Some artifacts have no dates attributed to them and may have been created prior to 1913. The fabric samples dated from 1913 to 1933 are themselves arranged numerically according to their respective pattern numbers. The tin advert sign was made in Philadelphia, PA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into two series: Business records and Miscellaenous materials. \nSeries 1:","Business Records, 1868-1956 (20.63 cubic feet). This series is arranged at the file and item level and chronologically. In order to maintain original order, the titles of each item begin with the names of the individual administrative departments to which they belong.\nBecause they all fall under the category of business records, one series by that name suffices for the purposes of this record.","This series contains 125 business ledgers that have been numbered sequentially, and other paperwork and material that directly related to the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills. This includes loose legal documents, correspondence, newspaper clipping, or materials from the ledgers themselves, all part of the greater business records of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","Board of Directors and Stockholders:\nLedgers 1-12,\nLoose materials in minute books,\n\"Comparison of yearly earnings\",\nStock sales register, and\nLoose Materials in Stock Ledgers","Executive:\nLedger 13, and\nCorrespondence","Financial:\nLedgers 14-26","Superintendent:\nLedgers 27-71","Sales:\nLedgers 72-75","Labor:\nLedgers 76-118, and\nLoose materials in timebooks","Production:\nLedgers 119-125","Legal and Property:\nAbstract of title: Shadwell Dam, Virginia,\nTrademark patent,\nData re. Sale to C + O RR Co of Shadwell Property, and\nBlueprint of \"property to be acquired from Charlottesville woolen mills near Shadwell, VA\"","Series 2:","Miscellaneous, ~1913-1933 (3.75 cubic feet). This series is arranged first chronoligically according to the dates provided. The materials in this series vary from tools used in the factory to samples used for sales. The date range is a rough estimate based on what dates are provided. Some artifacts have no dates attributed to them and may have been created prior to 1913. The fabric samples dated from 1913 to 1933 are themselves arranged numerically according to their respective pattern numbers. The tin advert sign was made in Philadelphia, PA."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville Woolen Mills factory was incorporated in 1868 by H.C. Marchant and was located in the southeastern part of Charlottesville, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom the 1830s until it's seizure by the Confederate governement in 1861, the building operated as a combination wool, cotton, flour and lumber mill, and later also included a blacksmith's shop, corn mill, grist mill, plaster mill, and a store selling dry goods. During this time the land was sold a number of times until 1960, when the company was reorganized as the Charlottesville Manufacturing Company, with John A. Marchant, his son. Henry Clay Marchant, John Wood, H. L. Anderson, T. J. Wertenbaker, and John C. Patterson operating a joint stock company. The textile plant provided wool uniforms for the soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil War. A second reorganization in 1964 made Henry Clay Marchant the sole owner. Following the destruction of the mill during the Civil War and after the war had ended, the factory was rebuilt, and, on December 18, 1868, Charlottesville Woolen Mills was chartered \"for the manufacture, purchase and sale of woolen, cotton, silk and other fabrics ...\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plant went on to provide high quality textiles used by Brooks Brothers clothiers, uniforms for the cadets of West Point, and police officers in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los Angeles. At one point 90 percent of the country's military schools, including the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, purchased uniforms made here. Coffin makers in Atlanta and Burlington, N.C., also used the soft cloth to line caskets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharlottesvills Woolen Mills survived the Great Depression of the 1930s mainly because of its uniform contracts. It experienced its greatest prosperity manufacturing uniforms for soldiers during World War I and II. During the height of World War II a work force of about 400 people was producing 15,000 yards of uniform cloth a month.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959 Charlottesville Woolen Mills was bought by Kent Manufacturing Company, of Philadelphia. The introduction of synthetic fabrics in the late 1950s led to a decrease in demand for wool. In 1962 Kent Manufacturing Company dissolved the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaurer, David. \"Woolen Mills wove a tight community.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/lifestyles/woolen-mills-wove-a-tight-community/article_467a3534-5d1b-5f83-abdb-f1a170eb0396.html. 28 Aug. 2011.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDelesline, Nate. \"Historic Woolen Mills under contract for sale.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/historic-woolen-mills-under-contract-for-sale/article_7512bd70-b082-11e3-9f64-0017a43b2370.html. 20 March 2014.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDailty Progress Staff. \"Labor dispute at Woolen Mills leads to worker strike.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/125yearsofprogress/labor-dispute-at-woolen-mills-leads-to-worker-strike/article_49c5dff0-ec7d-11e6-9604-4f40db426882.html. 6 Feb. 2017.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGianniny, Jr., Allan, Compiler. \"Charlottesville Woolen Mills Chronology.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/chronology.html. Accessed 19 Feb. 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritton, Rick. \"The Charlottesville Woolen Mills, Clothing a Nation.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/Charlottesville.html. 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePoindexter, Harry Edward. \"A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\" Thesis (M.A.), University of Virginia, 1955.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaily Progress Staff. \"City's Oldest Industry is Regaining Health.\" The Daily Progress Charlottesville Bicentennial Edition, vol. 72, no. 89, 1962, p. 58.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSandbeck, Peter. A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.Nichols Student Papers, University of Virginia School of Architecture, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Charlottesville Woolen Mills factory was incorporated in 1868 by H.C. Marchant and was located in the southeastern part of Charlottesville, VA.","From the 1830s until it's seizure by the Confederate governement in 1861, the building operated as a combination wool, cotton, flour and lumber mill, and later also included a blacksmith's shop, corn mill, grist mill, plaster mill, and a store selling dry goods. During this time the land was sold a number of times until 1960, when the company was reorganized as the Charlottesville Manufacturing Company, with John A. Marchant, his son. Henry Clay Marchant, John Wood, H. L. Anderson, T. J. Wertenbaker, and John C. Patterson operating a joint stock company. The textile plant provided wool uniforms for the soldiers of the Confederacy during the Civil War. A second reorganization in 1964 made Henry Clay Marchant the sole owner. Following the destruction of the mill during the Civil War and after the war had ended, the factory was rebuilt, and, on December 18, 1868, Charlottesville Woolen Mills was chartered \"for the manufacture, purchase and sale of woolen, cotton, silk and other fabrics ...\"","The plant went on to provide high quality textiles used by Brooks Brothers clothiers, uniforms for the cadets of West Point, and police officers in New York, Philadelphia, Chicago, and Los Angeles. At one point 90 percent of the country's military schools, including the U.S. Military Academy at West Point, purchased uniforms made here. Coffin makers in Atlanta and Burlington, N.C., also used the soft cloth to line caskets.","Charlottesvills Woolen Mills survived the Great Depression of the 1930s mainly because of its uniform contracts. It experienced its greatest prosperity manufacturing uniforms for soldiers during World War I and II. During the height of World War II a work force of about 400 people was producing 15,000 yards of uniform cloth a month.","In 1959 Charlottesville Woolen Mills was bought by Kent Manufacturing Company, of Philadelphia. The introduction of synthetic fabrics in the late 1950s led to a decrease in demand for wool. In 1962 Kent Manufacturing Company dissolved the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","Sources:","Maurer, David. \"Woolen Mills wove a tight community.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/lifestyles/woolen-mills-wove-a-tight-community/article_467a3534-5d1b-5f83-abdb-f1a170eb0396.html. 28 Aug. 2011.","Delesline, Nate. \"Historic Woolen Mills under contract for sale.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/news/historic-woolen-mills-under-contract-for-sale/article_7512bd70-b082-11e3-9f64-0017a43b2370.html. 20 March 2014.","Dailty Progress Staff. \"Labor dispute at Woolen Mills leads to worker strike.\" The Daily Progress, http://www.dailyprogress.com/125yearsofprogress/labor-dispute-at-woolen-mills-leads-to-worker-strike/article_49c5dff0-ec7d-11e6-9604-4f40db426882.html. 6 Feb. 2017.","Gianniny, Jr., Allan, Compiler. \"Charlottesville Woolen Mills Chronology.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/chronology.html. Accessed 19 Feb. 2018.","Britton, Rick. \"The Charlottesville Woolen Mills, Clothing a Nation.\" Historic Woolen Mills, http://historicwoolenmills.org/Charlottesville.html. 2006.","Poindexter, Harry Edward. \"A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\" Thesis (M.A.), University of Virginia, 1955.","Daily Progress Staff. \"City's Oldest Industry is Regaining Health.\" The Daily Progress Charlottesville Bicentennial Edition, vol. 72, no. 89, 1962, p. 58.","Sandbeck, Peter. A History of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.Nichols Student Papers, University of Virginia School of Architecture, 1975."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16353 Charlottesville Woolen Mills Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16353 Charlottesville Woolen Mills Records, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharlottesville Woolen Mills, Charlottesville, VA. \nBusiness records, 1868-1956. Incorporated 1868 by H.C. Marchant; operated until 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is comprised of ledgers, papers, artifacts, a map, and a panoramic photograph. It is divided into two series: Business Records and Miscellaneous. The first series, Business Records contains ledgers and business related paperwork, such as correspondence and legal documetns. The second series, Miscellaneous, contains the remaining artifacts and materials not directly associated with the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA list of names located within this collection:\nMr. George R.B. Michie,\nMr. Edward Van Wagenen,\nMr. P.M. Greene,\nMr. John S. White,\nMr. Rigby,\nW. Erskine Buford,\nFred L. Watson,\nArchibald Lammey,\nHenry J. Wilkinson,\nGeorge W. Sommers,\nCharles H. Dickinson, Jr.,\nDonal G. Chester,\nGeorge T. Huff,\nAustin Kilham,\nClark E. Lindsay,\nDr. John R. Morris, Jr.,\nHerbert J. Smith, Jr.,\nDuryee Van Wagenen,\nH.A. Dinwiddie,\nL.T. Hankel,\nJohn H. Robinson\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Charlottesville Woolen Mills, Charlottesville, VA. \nBusiness records, 1868-1956. Incorporated 1868 by H.C. Marchant; operated until 1962.","This collection is comprised of ledgers, papers, artifacts, a map, and a panoramic photograph. It is divided into two series: Business Records and Miscellaneous. The first series, Business Records contains ledgers and business related paperwork, such as correspondence and legal documetns. The second series, Miscellaneous, contains the remaining artifacts and materials not directly associated with the business dealings of the Charlottesville Woolen Mills.","A list of names located within this collection:\nMr. George R.B. Michie,\nMr. Edward Van Wagenen,\nMr. P.M. Greene,\nMr. John S. White,\nMr. Rigby,\nW. Erskine Buford,\nFred L. Watson,\nArchibald Lammey,\nHenry J. Wilkinson,\nGeorge W. Sommers,\nCharles H. Dickinson, Jr.,\nDonal G. Chester,\nGeorge T. Huff,\nAustin Kilham,\nClark E. Lindsay,\nDr. John R. Morris, Jr.,\nHerbert J. Smith, Jr.,\nDuryee Van Wagenen,\nH.A. Dinwiddie,\nL.T. Hankel,\nJohn H. Robinson"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe tin advert sign is in poor condition and should not be handled. The sign is housed in a box with a tray so that lifting the tray with its handles will negate any need for touching the item itself.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\"The library has not investigated the copyright status of these materials, and some or all may be protected by copyright. Users are responsible for making their own determinations about copyright status of these materials.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease refer to:\nhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Copyright"],"userestrict_tesim":["The tin advert sign is in poor condition and should not be handled. The sign is housed in a box with a tray so that lifting the tray with its handles will negate any need for touching the item itself.","\"The library has not investigated the copyright status of these materials, and some or all may be protected by copyright. Users are responsible for making their own determinations about copyright status of these materials.\"","Please refer to:\nhttp://rightsstatements.org/page/CNE/1.0/?language=en"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":149,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:12.250Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_509_c02_c10"}},{"id":"viu_viu00649_c01_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Words, 1893","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00649_c01_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00649_c01_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00649_c01_c02"],"id":"viu_viu00649_c01_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00649","_root_":"viu_viu00649","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00649_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00649_c01","parent_ssim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925","Manuscripts"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00649","viu_viu00649_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Words","title_ssm":["Words"],"title_tesim":["Words"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Words, 1893"],"text":["Words, 1893","Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925","Manuscripts"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925","Manuscripts"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925","Manuscripts"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["[1893]"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":3,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"extent_ssm":["45 p."],"extent_tesim":["45 p."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"date_range_isim":[1893],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:56:08.243Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00649","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00649","_root_":"viu_viu00649","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00649","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00649.xml","title_ssm":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"title_tesim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"text":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925","8351","30 items","Collection is open to research.","Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities","See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","H. O. Houghton \u0026\n                  Co.","Boston Author's Club","Societe des Gens de Lettres","Riverside Press","League [of Nations]","United States Supreme Court","White family","Agnes Repplier","[Horace Howard] Furness","John Murray","Morton G. Thalhimer","J. W. Brannon","Alice Warren","Cornelia Frothingham","[Alice] Brown","[James Montgomery]\n                  Beck","[Harry Ernest] Brittain","[Thomas Lansing]\n                  Masson","[William Jennings] Bryan","[Bryon J.] Rees","James Montgomery Beck","Margaret [Ferrand Thorp\n                  ?]","Andrew MacPhail","[Francesco Saverio] Nitti","James D[uff] Law","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"collection_ssim":["Agnes Repplier Collection \n 1891-1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["8351"],"unitid_tesim":["8351"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Agnes Repplier","[Horace Howard] Furness","John Murray","Morton G. Thalhimer","J. W. Brannon","Alice Warren","Cornelia Frothingham","[Alice] Brown","[James Montgomery]\n                  Beck","[Harry Ernest] Brittain","[Thomas Lansing]\n                  Masson","[William Jennings] Bryan","[Bryon J.] Rees","James Montgomery Beck","Margaret [Ferrand Thorp\n                  ?]","Andrew MacPhail","[Francesco Saverio] Nitti","James D[uff] Law"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","H. O. Houghton \u0026\n                  Co.","Boston Author's Club","Societe des Gens de Lettres","Riverside Press","League [of Nations]","United States Supreme Court"],"creator_famname_ssim":["White family"],"creators_ssim":["Agnes Repplier","[Horace Howard] Furness","John Murray","Morton G. Thalhimer","J. W. Brannon","Alice Warren","Cornelia Frothingham","[Alice] Brown","[James Montgomery]\n                  Beck","[Harry Ernest] Brittain","[Thomas Lansing]\n                  Masson","[William Jennings] Bryan","[Bryon J.] Rees","James Montgomery Beck","Margaret [Ferrand Thorp\n                  ?]","Andrew MacPhail","[Francesco Saverio] Nitti","James D[uff] Law","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","H. O. Houghton \u0026\n                  Co.","Boston Author's Club","Societe des Gens de Lettres","Riverside Press","League [of Nations]","United States Supreme Court","White family"],"access_terms_ssm":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Deposit [ \n            1963 Dec 17] \n            1966 Aug 30"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["30 items"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAgnes Repplier\n            Collection, Accession 8351, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Agnes Repplier\n            Collection, Accession 8351, Special Collections Department, University of\n         Virginia Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFunded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Funding Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["Funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment\n            for the Humanities"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the \n            \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.library.virginia.edu/policies/use-of-materials\"\u003e\n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["See the \n            \n            University of Virginia Library’s use policy."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","H. O. Houghton \u0026\n                  Co.","Boston Author's Club","Societe des Gens de Lettres","Riverside Press","League [of Nations]","United States Supreme Court"],"famname_ssim":["White family"],"persname_ssim":["Agnes Repplier","[Horace Howard] Furness","John Murray","Morton G. Thalhimer","J. W. Brannon","Alice Warren","Cornelia Frothingham","[Alice] Brown","[James Montgomery]\n                  Beck","[Harry Ernest] Brittain","[Thomas Lansing]\n                  Masson","[William Jennings] Bryan","[Bryon J.] Rees","James Montgomery Beck","Margaret [Ferrand Thorp\n                  ?]","Andrew MacPhail","[Francesco Saverio] Nitti","James D[uff] Law"],"names_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","H. O. Houghton \u0026\n                  Co.","Boston Author's Club","Societe des Gens de Lettres","Riverside Press","League [of Nations]","United States Supreme Court","White family","Agnes Repplier","[Horace Howard] Furness","John Murray","Morton G. Thalhimer","J. W. Brannon","Alice Warren","Cornelia Frothingham","[Alice] Brown","[James Montgomery]\n                  Beck","[Harry Ernest] Brittain","[Thomas Lansing]\n                  Masson","[William Jennings] Bryan","[Bryon J.] Rees","James Montgomery Beck","Margaret [Ferrand Thorp\n                  ?]","Andrew MacPhail","[Francesco Saverio] Nitti","James D[uff] Law"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:56:08.243Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00649_c01_c02"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition, 1893","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","Series 2. Subject Files, 1850/1996"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition","title_ssm":["World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition"],"title_tesim":["World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition, 1893"],"text":["World's Fair – Chicago, Columbian Exposition, 1893","Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","Series 2. Subject Files, 1850/1996","box 29","folder 30","English."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","Series 2. Subject Files, 1850/1996"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","Series 2. Subject Files, 1850/1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1893"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1893"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1046,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"containers_ssim":["box 29","folder 30"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1893],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#845","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:53.125Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_45.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1996"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"text":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996","A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman","The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.","This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.","- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection","This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850/1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"unitid_tesim":["A.SRD","/repositories/2/resources/45"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_ssm":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"extent_tesim":["60 Linear Feet 52 cubic feet boxes, 5 full Hollinger boxes, 3 half Hollinger boxes, and 4 oversize manuscript boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eList of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been divided into 8 series. The first two series contain administrative and subject files that overlap through the terms of multiple Superintendents or Resident Directors. The next six series are in chronological order by service and are named for the corresponding man. Photographs and oversize material are filed at the end of the collection.","List of Series:\nSeries 1. Administrative Files\nSeries 2. Subject Files\nSeries 3. Harrison H. Dodge \nSeries 4. Charles C. Wall\nSeries 5. Harrison Symmes\nSeries 6. John A. Castellani\nSeries 7. John E. Harbour\nSeries 8. Neil W. Horstman"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The position of Superintendent of Mount Vernon, also called \"Secretary\" in the earlier years of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, was created in 1860 when Colonel Upton Herbert was hired. A veteran of the Mexican War, Herbert was recommended by John Augustine Washington III as being especially suited to assisting the MVLA. Mr. Herbert and Sarah Tracy, Secretary to Ann Pamela Cunningham, were largely responsible for the care and maintenance of Mount Vernon during the Civil War when the Regent and most Vice Regents were unable to travel to the estate. When hiring a new Superintendent, J. McHenry Hollingsworth in 1872, the Council explained the responsibilities of the Superintendent more thoroughly saying he \"should act as general manager of the estate; that one of the most important features in the general instructions to be given him shall be, that he shall at all times consider the dignity and comfort of the Regent; that he shall always bear in mind the deep obligations of the Association to her; and that he has been appointed for the purpose of relieving her of the very arduous duties that are so oppressive to her; that he shall keep the accounts of expenditures and receipts, which are to be at all times open to the inspection of the Regent, Vice Regents, and Advisory Committee, with whom, in all matters of perplexity, he shall consult, and be guided by their decisions.\" His salary was to be $1500 per year.","After discovering decay in the foundations of the Mansion in 1885, the Vice Regents suspected negligence on the part of Hollingsworth. The Vice Regent from Georgia, Mrs. Eve questioned, \"Would it be too much to say that the first and greatest duty of the Superintendent is the preservation of the Mansion?\" The Council went on to pass a resolution stating that the duty of the Superintendent is to examine all parts of the Mansion and report defects to the Regent, and concluded that he should \"not at any time be ignorant of the state of the mansion.\" Harrison H. Dodge was hired later that year and remains the longest serving Superintendent (or equivalent) of Mount Vernon at 52 years. Mr. Dodge's priority was cleaning, restoring, and preserving the house and grounds. He was also particularly interested in fire safety, advocating for the installation of electricity in the Mansion to prevent any accidents from candlelight or kerosene lamps.","After Dodge's death in 1937, his assistant Charles C. Wall became the new Superintendent and later changed the position's title to Resident Director. Wall described the Superintendent's job in a book he coauthored with Gerald W. Johnson entitled Mount Vernon: The Story of a Shrine, saying the position required someone \"not exactly a farmer, yet a man acquainted with soils, seasons, and the proper handling of growing plants.\" He went on to say the director should have traits of a theatrical producer, an accountant, an antiquarian, a historian, and an ambassador, with some knowledge of engineering, carpentry, masonry, and domestic service. Wall also spent almost his entire career at Mount Vernon, retiring in 1976 after 43 years of employment at Mount Vernon. He is credited with impeccable hospitality of numerous VIP guests, overseeing major building and restoration projects, such as the reconstruction of the Greenhouse, and guiding the Estate through the years of World War II and other periods when visitation was down. He wrote extensively on George Washington and Mount Vernon, including several publications as well as internal reports and essays.","The next two decades saw four different but distinguished Directors who all brought their own gifts and talents to the position. Harrison Symmes replaced Charles Wall as Resident Director in January 1977. A World War II veteran, Symmes had also served as an Ambassador to Jordan and as President of Windham College in Vermont. Although he resigned in 1979 after only 2 ½ years in the position, he was credited by his Assistant Director, John A. Castellani, as someone who \"opened the doors to a new era of reevaluation, exploration, and change.\" Mr. Castellani succeeded Symmes as Resident Director and stayed in that role until 1984. His focus was largely on fundraising as he successfully guided Mount Vernon through a Capital Campaign effort to build a new administration and research facility on the grounds, the Ann Pamela Cunningham Building. John E. Harbour served in the position from 1984 to 1987 after several previous directorships at historic sites and museums. Harbour worked to improve research access to historic collections and update interpretation of museum exhibits. He helped implement a reorganization plan at Mount Vernon, creating a Research Department and expanding the roles of other departments including Education, Curatorial, Library, and Development. Harbour also wrote the \"Report on the Recommended Improvements to the Museum, Museum Annex and Outbuildings\" in 1986. Several major accomplishments marked the tenure of Neil W. Horstman, Resident Director from 1987 to 1994, including the Historic Structures Report, the first stages of the Pioneer Farm project, and the Piscataway Park Expansion.","The Superintendents and Resident Directors have continuously lived on the grounds at Mount Vernon. Harrison Dodge stayed on the second floor of the Office Dependency (now called the Servant's Hall), with his office on the ground floor. His family lived at their home in Georgetown and he often went home on the weekends. When the Administration Building (now the Frances P. Bolton Building) was constructed, he moved into quarters on the ground floor along with his assistant, James Young. A new residence was built in 1936 for Charles Cecil Wall after he had assumed the role of Assistant Superintendent, to accommodate him and his family. This house has remained the residence for each succeeding Resident Director or President, CEO, and has undergone multiple upgrades and renovations."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], The Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia. \nSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was arranged following the organization in which the material was found. Previous re-foldering and alphabetical arrangement in filing cabinets had been done by former library staff to a large portion of the collection. All original folder titles were kept, although the meaning of some descriptors may be lost to the current audience – for example the sequence of \"P.R.\" folder titles in Series 4, Charles Wall's papers."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports 1885-1976\n- Papers of James Rees\n- Financial Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Audio Visual Collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection combines the papers and files of each Superintendent or Resident Director listed under \"Creators,\" as well as their office staff, assistants, and other Mount Vernon personnel. The bulk of this collection consists of correspondence to and from each Superintendent or Resident Director. Other types of material include reports, essays, memos, publications, clippings, official forms, logs or diaries of events, calendars, schedules, photographs, and ephemera. Subject matter includes a wide variety of topics and concerns for operating and maintaining an historic house. The Resident Directors oversaw almost all major projects and events around Mount Vernon such as building and grounds maintenance, restoration, fundraising, collection of historic artifacts, visitor engagement, and administrative functions. Dodge and Wall were both well known for their involvement in even the smallest details of the operation of Mount Vernon and this is reflected in the volume and scope of their files. Later Resident Directors began keeping chronological files which are also a great resource for understanding projects from specific years and periods of Mount Vernon's history. Both Charles Wall and John Castellani were employees of Mount Vernon before they were appointed Resident Director, and their files include material from previous job assignments. The majority of material reflects Charles Wall's tenure as Resident Director, the 1930s to 1970s, however, there is a substantial amount from the other directors as well. Several folders may extend into the term of James (Jim) Rees who served as Resident Director (later President) of Mount Vernon from 1994 to 2012. \nMost of the letters written by Superintendent Harrison Dodge were laminated or adhered to a tissue or paper backing, and bound together into a multiple volume set. These bound volumes, along with the original work diaries kept by Dodge, have been combined into a separate collection, the Bound Volumes of Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports. A finding aid for this collection is also available."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"names_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Memphis (Tenn.). City Beautiful Commission","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Castellani, John A., 1944-1993","Harbour, John E.","Horstman, Neil W., 1946-2020","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Philibert, Estelle","Williams, Morley Jeffers, 1886-1977","Bailey, Worth, 1908-1980","Thane, Elswyth, 1900-1984","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Everett, Edward, 1794-1865","Roosevelt, Eleanor, 1884-1962","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Heiberg, Harrison Howell Dodge, Jr., 1925-1990","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Young , James","Rouse, Harrison Dodge"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2506,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:53.125Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_45_c02_c846"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"text":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection.","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond","English\n      Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Latin"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:05.988Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_38","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_38.xml","title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1966","1940-1945"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1966"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1940-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"text":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945","MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38","World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs","This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera","The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.","The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek.","MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection.","Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.","University of Richmond","English\n      Latin"],"collection_title_tesim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"collection_ssim":["World War II Correspondence Collection, 1857/1966, bulk 1940/1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-32","/repositories/4/resources/38"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"creators_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased at auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","Tintype","Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Personal correspondence","Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 7 series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VI: Other Letters\u003cbr\u003e\nSeries VII: Ephemera\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 7 series:","Series I: George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters\nSeries II: Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters\nSeries III: Parrish Family Letters\nSeries IV: Wally and Ann Wrobel Letters\nSeries V: Other World War II Letters\nSeries VI: Other Letters\nSeries VII: Ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The bulk of these letters were written between 1940 and 1945 by servicemen from various branches of the armed forces during World War II. Because of the number of correspondents and the lack of additional biographical materials, any information located during processing is described in the individual series in the scope and content note. Additionally, the collection arrived containing letters predating and unrelated to World War II, many lacking names, dates, or other identifying information, as well as a few items of unrelated ephemera. Taken individually or as a whole, the World War II letters in this collection provide intimate access to the lives and experiences of several individuals throughout the course of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-32, WWII Correspondence Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Lynda Kachurek.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection arrived as a single unit of materials mixed together. The processor decided to separate into individual correspondents and organize the collection by correspondent and then chronologically.","Processed by Lynda Kachurek."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://archives.richmond.edu/repositories/4/resources/6\"\u003eMS-8 World War I \u0026amp; II Pamphlets Collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS-8 World War I \u0026 II Pamphlets Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I, George \u0026amp; Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026amp; Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series I, George \u0026 Mary (Zyla) Orlikowski Letters, contains over 230 letters written by George Orlikowski to his girlfriend, and later wife, Mary Zyla Orlikowski. Dating between July 1942 and March 1945, the series traces Orlikowski's wartime activities as well as what was happening on the home front. Family concerns and military life dominate the writings, but they also offer views into larger wartime concerns of both military and life on the home front.  Additionally, there are many examples of humorous envelopes and letterhead. In one letter from December 1944, as George's unit is preparing to ship out to the Pacific, he creates a code based on his salutations so that Mary can track his location without the censor's knowledge. Overall, these letters create a nearly complete and compelling story of a Midwestern couple during World War II.","Series II, Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham Letters, contains 152 letters written to Dorothy \"Dot\" Raynham between 1941 and 1944 from a variety of correspondents. A student at Millsaps College at the time, Dorothy lived in Jackson, Mississippi. Between 1943 and 1945, Millsaps was home to the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which may help explain how she connected with many of her letter writers. One notable correspondent is Jack Devore Dunn, whose 52 letters include information about his service with the Army Air Corps South Pacific campaign, including his participation with his B-26 crew in the Battle of Midway. Dunn received both the Distinguished Service Cross and the Distinguished Flying Cross. There are also 9 letters from Jack's mother, Mrs. Betty Uhlorn. Other correspondents included men serving in the Naval Reserve, the Marine Corps, and the Army. Overall, the letters in this series offer a wide-ranging and diverse perspective on military service throughout World War II as well as a sense of what life on the home-front was like for a female college student. Raynham married William C. Fullilove on June 6, 1944, and died in October 1967.","Series III, Parrish Family Letters, contains 88 letters from and about the W.R. Parrish family of North Carolina. Beginning in 1914, the correspondence runs through the end of 1943, with some gaps in the timeline.  Many of the letters are written from W.R. Parrish or his daughter, \"Lib\" to Lillian [Mrs. W.R.] Parrish, and cover business concerns, family life, and some coverage of the war in letters from the wartime years.","Series IV, Walter \"Wally\" and Ann Wrobel Letters, contains 109 letters primarily from Wally Wrobel, with some from his wife, Ann, to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Wrobel, of Chicago, Illinois. Beginning in August 1943, when Wrobel was a private in the U.S. Army stationed at Camp Wheeler, Georgia, the letters follow his career across several different locations where, occasionally, Ann was able to join him. Many of the letters focus on the home front, discussing his parents' lives as well as things going on with his wife and, eventually, his young daughter. Early in 1944, his correspondence switches as his military activities increase and by Fall 1944, he makes brief mentions of being near New Guinea and later the Philippines. He occasionally mentions battles or other military activities, but usually his correspondence is more about the weather or activities at home. The last letter in the series was written on May 13, 1945, just one day before, according to military records, he died in action on May 14.","Series V, Other World War II Letters, contains three smaller sets of unrelated correspondence concerning World War II. The first set contains 92 letters written by Paul Dobin to Charlotte Gibbs. Between March 1 and July 23, 1944, he wrote nearly every day, talking of his life in the Navy as well as encouraging her in schoolwork, family matters, and eventually planning their wedding. Further research showed that Gibbs and her family were German Jewish immigrants having arrived in the United States in 1934. The second set of letters were written by Davis Lee, serving in the Navy, to his wife, Georgia, of Martinsville, Virginia, between mid-November 1944 and January 1945. Most of the 11 letters are trying to arrange plans for a furlough visit and telling how much he misses her. The third set contains 7 letters from Private Ray Trapp to his parents, Mr. \u0026 Mrs. Ray Trapp of Berea, Ohio, in April and May 1945, describing his activities during the end of the war in Germany.","Series VI, Other Letters, contains 26 folders of letters unrelated to World War II. Dating between 1857 and 1947, these often single letters contain a wide variety of information, including business advertisements, wedding announcements, and general correspondence from many areas. One of the more intriguing sets can be found in Box 2, File 16, which contains 3 letters from a Dutch Navy officer, known only as John/Jake, to Frances Pogue of Cincinnati, Ohio. Written while at sea in 1916 and later from his hospital bed in 1918, the author talks of books read and his experiences during the Great War. Box 2, File 29, may also be of interest as it contains a handwritten advertisement for a wife by an unknown male.","Series VII, Ephemera, contains 3 folders of items that are not correspondence. The first is a Latin notebook, which also contains newspaper clippings about London society. The second and third contain photographic materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_761d0ce1744499313f9e75922fe1f1e2\"\u003eThis collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains more than 700 letters, the vast majority dating to World War II between 1940 and 1945. Each of the first five series deal with numerous letters to/from a primary correspondent, whether husband and wife, family members, or varying levels of acquaintance that date between 1940 and 1945. The final two series contain correspondence and ephemera unrelated to World War II that was included in the collection when purchased."],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Latin"],"total_component_count_is":86,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:00:05.988Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_38"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2322.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196390","title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"text":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947","A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322","Porterwood (W. Va.)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b2b056a805ac36b99601e8e10ca75def\"\u003eCorrespondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_03df95903d0add17cd17764dfad08d23\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:08:12.086Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2322.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196390","title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1890-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1890/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"text":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947","A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322","Porterwood (W. Va.)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Worley Simmons Family Papers, 1890/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3872","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2322"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Porterwood (W. Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["0.01 Linear Feet Summary: 1/4 in. (1 folder)"],"date_range_isim":[1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026amp;M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worley Simmons Family Papers, A\u0026M 3872, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b2b056a805ac36b99601e8e10ca75def\"\u003eCorrespondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916).\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, manuscript school assignments, printed material, and a receipt from Worley G. Simmons and his wife Isabel Simmons of Porterwood, West Virginia. Worley was a barber in Parsons, WV. Correspondence includes three letters and one postcard. Letters are to and from Worley's family members: Olive B. Kalar/Kalan, Annie B. Moore, and Celia M. Moore, all from Porterwood, WV (1909-1947). Correspondence topics include mathematics notes, a shoe purchase, and family life. Manuscript school assignments include essays by Porterwood resident Iva Moore and others (1901, undated). Printed material includes pages from school books (undated) and West Virginia state examination instructions (1919). The receipt shows that Mr. Simmons bought a Chautauqua Industrial Art Desk (1916)."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_03df95903d0add17cd17764dfad08d23\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:08:12.086Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2322"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Worth, Charles S. - DL1056, 1864/1909","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians, 1806/1988","Subseries A: Personal Papers, Service Records, and Artifacts, 1806/1988"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_941","viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01","viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Worth, Charles S. - DL1056","title_ssm":["Worth, Charles S. - DL1056"],"title_tesim":["Worth, Charles S. - DL1056"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worth, Charles S. - DL1056, 1864/1909"],"text":["Worth, Charles S. - DL1056, 1864/1909","John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians, 1806/1988","Subseries A: Personal Papers, Service Records, and Artifacts, 1806/1988","box 122 VLT_PRTCL","folder 40"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John L. 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Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"containers_ssim":["box 122 VLT_PRTCL","folder 40"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#5228","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:19.132Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_941.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189095","title_filing_ssi":"Nau, John L. III, Civil War History Collection","title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"text":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"collection_ssim":["John L. 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Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:54:19.132Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c5229"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Worthington Baptist Church","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Six ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1481.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195760","title_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records"],"title_tesim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"text":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997","A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481","Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Six ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church"],"creator_ssim":["Worthington Baptist Church"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worthington Baptist Church, Records, A\u0026amp;M 3278, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worthington Baptist Church, Records, A\u0026M 3278, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02865e6911ae50fd2a452a9af3410837\"\u003eSix ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Six ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4fdce62e62b72e24f3bc03d80fc318ed\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:36.696Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1481.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195760","title_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records"],"title_tesim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1997"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"text":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997","A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481","Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)","No special access restriction applies.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Six ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"collection_ssim":["Worthington Baptist Church, Records, 1840/1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3278","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1481"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Worthington Baptist Church"],"creator_ssim":["Worthington Baptist Church"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"creators_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches  -- Worthington Baptist Church (1840-1997)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.15 Linear Feet Summary: 1 3/4 in. (1 reel of microfilm, 1.75 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worthington Baptist Church, Records, A\u0026amp;M 3278, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Worthington Baptist Church, Records, A\u0026M 3278, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_02865e6911ae50fd2a452a9af3410837\"\u003eSix ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Six ledgers of the Worthington Baptist Church of Marion County, WV. Includes financial records, meeting minutes, annual reports, church statistics, building plans, and membership lists. There is also a history of the church, which is a denominational affiliate of the American Baptist Convention, USA."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4fdce62e62b72e24f3bc03d80fc318ed\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Worthington Baptist Church"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:07:36.696Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1481"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_7463","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Worthington Smith Lodge Masonic Account Book, 1875/1906","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_7463#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAccount book, 1876-1906, containing dues of members of Worthington Smith Lodge of Masons, No. 46, Mt. 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MsV Afr1","/repositories/2/resources/7463","Augusta County (Va.)--History--19th century","Augusta County (Va.)--History--20th century","Freemasonry--Virginia","Account books","95 p. : bound volume ; 29 cm.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.","He was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.","Davis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.","Davis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026C). The P\u0026C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.","Davis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026C, and C\u0026I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026C was absorbed by the B\u0026O.","Early on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.","Davis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.","Reluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.","Although retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.","Davis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.","Davis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.","Daughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.","Henry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.","Hicks, W. Raymond. \"The West Virginia Central \u0026 Pittsburgh Railway.\" The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR.","Lewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.","Rice, Donald L. \"Coal \u0026 Coke Railway.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Ross, Thomas Richard. \"Henry Gassaway Davis.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","13, 717, 1028","Correspondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.","Series include: \nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29) \nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33) \nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48) \nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62) \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65) \nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82) \nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115) \nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118) \nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145) \nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189) \nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190) \nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191) \nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193) \nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197) \nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202) \nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231) \nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240) \nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247) \nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)","Among Davis's correspondents are: \nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson \nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson \nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum \nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard \nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr. \nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine \nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice \nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan \nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden \nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie \nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz \nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins \nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr. \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett \nOlympian Robert S. Garrett \nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore) \nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman \nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison \nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss \nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson \nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna \nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont \nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage \nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd \nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas \nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer \nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle \nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson \nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray \nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts \nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer \nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart \nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees \nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh \nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney \nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte \nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, 1799/1919"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, 1799/1919"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 0013","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2374"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 0013","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2374"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"geogname_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"places_ssim":["West Virginia -- Politics and government","United States -- Politics and government","Democratic Party"],"creator_ssm":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William.","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking","Coal mining.","Elk Garden Coal Field.","Lumber trade","Railroads - West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh Railway.","Railroads","Lumber industry and timber.","Politics and government.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking","Coal mining.","Elk Garden Coal Field.","Lumber trade","Railroads - West Virginia Central and Pittsburgh Railway.","Railroads","Lumber industry and timber.","Politics and government.","Politicians -- United States","Politicians"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["105.9 Linear Feet 105 ft. 11 in. (249 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (14 ledgers, 18 in.); (6 oversize folders, 1/2 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["105.9 Linear Feet 105 ft. 11 in. (249 document cases, 5 in. each); (3 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (14 ledgers, 18 in.); (6 oversize folders, 1/2 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Gassaway Davis\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Gassaway Davis (11/16/1823-03/11/1916) was a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026amp;O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026amp;O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026amp;C). The P\u0026amp;C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026amp;C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026amp;I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026amp;I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026amp;C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026amp;C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026amp;C, and C\u0026amp;I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026amp;C was absorbed by the B\u0026amp;O.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarly on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHenry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHicks, W. Raymond. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.jstor.org/stable/43518154\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eThe West Virginia Central \u0026amp; Pittsburgh Railway.\u003c/a\u003e\" The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRice, Donald L. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/articles/1337\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eCoal \u0026amp; Coke Railway.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRoss, Thomas Richard. \"\u003ca href=\"https://www.wvencyclopedia.org/entries/1657\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eHenry Gassaway Davis.\u003c/a\u003e\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Gassaway Davis","Henry Gassaway Davis (11/16/1823-03/11/1916) was a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.","He was born near Woodstock, Maryland on November 16, 1823, and was the second son of four children. He received a limited public-school education and left school at age 15 to support his family after his father's contracting business failed and left the family destitute. Davis first worked at a local quarry, as a water boy, and then as the caretaker of the Waverly Farm, the nearby farm owned by former Maryland Governor George Howard.","Davis began his railroading career in 1842 at age nineteen as a brakeman for the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, then still under construction. He eventually advanced to the position of freight conductor, and then passenger conductor. Reportedly at Davis's request, he was appointed station agent for the Piedmont Station at Piedmont, [West] Virginia, because he wanted to explore the timber and coal resources of the Upper Potomac River region. About this same time, Davis established a mercantile lumber and coal business with his younger brothers Thomas B. Davis and William R. Davis at Piedmont. This business was known as H.G. Davis and Company (later H.G. Davis and Brother). Davis left the B\u0026O in 1858 to focus on his business concerns. One of these concerns was the Piedmont Savings Bank, which he founded in 1858 and for which he served as president. Davis, like so many entrepreneurs, made extraordinary profits during the Civil War. Profits from the sale of horses to the federal government and timber and ties to the B\u0026O Railroad enabled H.G. Davis and Company to invest in several thousand acres of coal and timber lands in the Upper Potomac and Cheat rivers region, at a cost said to be as cheap as one dollar per acre.","Davis founded the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company to provide railroad access to his coal and timber lands. In 1866 the West Virginia State Legislature, by a special act, incorporated the Cumberland and Piedmont Coal and Railway Company, granting the incorporators the right to mine coal, build factories and sawmills, buy and sell real estate, and build a railroad. It would be several years before Davis acted on the charter. Construction of the railroad finally began in 1880 at Bloomington, Maryland, and by 1881 the line had reached his mines at Elk Garden, West Virginia. Davis shipped the first Elk Garden coal to Baltimore in October 1881. A new railroad charter was granted in 1881 and Davis renamed the line the West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway (WVC). By 1884 the line had reached present-day Davis, then Parsons in 1888, and Elkins (then Leadville) in 1889. Meanwhile in 1886, Davis created a subsidiary railroad, the Piedmont and Cumberland Railway Company (P\u0026C). The P\u0026C connected the WVC with the Pennsylvania Railroad at Cumberland. In 1902 Davis sold the WVC and P\u0026C to George J. Gould, a railroad magnate, who was purchasing and consolidating rail lines to create an intercontinental railroad.","Davis desired to expand his rail network and in 1899 decided to construct a rail line connecting the WVC at Elkins with the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad at Durbin, West Virginia. This line became the Coal and Iron Railway (C\u0026I) and was completed in 1902. Davis used the profits of the sale of the WVC to fund construction of the C\u0026I. Not finished yet with railroad construction, Davis incorporated the Coal and Coke Railway Company (C\u0026C) in 1902 to exploit his Roaring Creek coal properties located in Randolph County. This new line ran from Elkins to Charleston via the Elk River through some of West Virginia's most difficult terrain. The C\u0026C connected the Western Maryland at Elkins with the Kanawha and Michigan Railroad at Charleston, providing new markets for West Virginia coal. Construction commenced in 1903 and was completed in 1905, requiring twelve tunnels and thirty steel bridges. The town Gassaway, in Braxton County, was located at the mid-point of the rail line and became the divisional headquarters of the line. Ultimately, the WVC, P\u0026C, and C\u0026I were acquired by the Western Maryland Railroad and the C\u0026C was absorbed by the B\u0026O.","Early on in his career, Davis recognized that being in politics would further his business. Consequently, Davis ran for office on the democratic platform and was elected to the West Virginia House of Delegates in 1865 representing Hampshire County. Davis was very influential in the creation of Mineral and Grant counties in 1866, an effort which advanced his business interests. He was elected to the West Virginia Senate in 1868 and served in that capacity until 1871, when he was elected to the United States Senate. Davis served as a West Virginia Senator from 1871 to 1883.","Davis retired from politics in 1883 and returned to West Virginia to oversee his coal and banking interests. He then formed the Davis Coal and Coke Company with his son-in-law Stephen B. Elkins in 1886. The company controlled 135,000 acres of coal and timber lands, employed 1600 workers, operated nine mines, and furnished coal to be coked in its more than 1000 coke ovens. By 1892 Davis Coal and Coke was one of the largest coal producers world-wide.","Reluctantly, Davis was nominated as the vice-presidential candidate in the 1904 presidential election with Alton B. Parker as his running mate and presidential candidate. They lost to the Roosevelt-Fairbanks ticket by a wide margin. In running for office at the age of 80 Davis had become, and remains, one of the oldest candidates to have ever run for vice president of the United States.","Although retired from public service, Davis was appointed to represent the United States at the Pan-American Conferences (1889-1902) and later was appointed permanent chairman of the Pan-American Railway Committee, which he served from 1901 to his death in 1916. (The Pan-American Railway was a failed intercontinental railroad scheme. Promoters wanted to connect the capitals and principle cities of South and Central America with North America by rail). Davis also served as Chairman of the West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission in 1913, the group tasked with planning the \"Golden Jubilee\" or 50th anniversary of West Virginia statehood.","Davis's philanthropic legacy was notable. His charitable activities included funding the Davis Children's Shelter in Charleston, West Virginia, a shelter for orphaned and neglected children (1896); the Davis Memorial Presbyterian Church, a church built in memory of his wife Katherine Bantz Davis; and the Davis Memorial Hospital in Davis, also constructed as a memorial to his deceased wife.  Perhaps most notably, he donated the land for Davis and Elkins College in 1904, a liberal arts college named in honor of H.G. Davis and Stephen B. Elkins.","Davis married Katherine Ann Salome Bantz on 22 February 1853. The couple had eight children, three of whom died in infancy. The oldest child, Mary Louise \"Hallie\" Davis, married US Senator Stephen B. Elkins on 14 April 1875, linking the names Davis and Elkins forever.","Daughter Grace Thomas Davis became the namesake of Graceland, Davis's country mansion in Davis, West Virginia, and after his wife died she became his hostess for events held at the mansion. His older son Henry Gassaway Davis was something of a troubled soul, and was lost at sea in 1896. His youngest son John Thomas Davis worked closely with his father, was later associated with Davis and Elkins College, and became a coal operator and banker.","Henry Gassaway Davis passed in Washington D.C. on 11 March 1916 at the age of 93. He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery, Elkins, West Virginia.","Sources:","Clarke, Alan. The West Virginia Central and Pittsburg: a Western Maryland Predecessor. Lynchburg: TLC Publishing. 2003.","Hicks, W. Raymond. \"The West Virginia Central \u0026 Pittsburgh Railway.\" The Railway and Locomotive Historical Society Bulletin. JSTOR.","Lewis, Ronald L. Transforming the Appalachian Countryside: Railroads, Deforestation, and Social Change in West Virginia, 1880-1920. Chapel Hill: University off North Carolina Press, 1998.","Rice, Donald L. \"Coal \u0026 Coke Railway.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia.","Ross, Thomas Richard. \"Henry Gassaway Davis.\" The West Virginia Encyclopedia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, A\u0026amp;M 0013, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916) Papers, A\u0026M 0013, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e13, 717, 1028\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["13, 717, 1028"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong Davis's correspondents are: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nOlympian Robert S. Garrett \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence and business papers of Henry Gassaway Davis (1823-1916), a successful businessman and politician from West Virginia.  He was the Democratic Party's nominee for Vice President of the United States in 1904.  The collection largely documents his business and political career, although there are personal papers in the collection as well.  His business interests were largely concerned with coal mining, timber, and railroads.  Types of documents include letters, reports, account books, and maps, among other material.  Much of the correspondence is arranged alphabetically.  The scope and content note of each record series provides substantial detail regarding content.","Series include: \nSeries 1a. Business Papers, 1882-1909 (boxes 1-29) \nSeries 1b. Banking Records, 1886-1916 (boxes 30-33) \nSeries 2. Coal Company Operations, 1799-1915 (boxes 34-48) \nSeries 3. Miscellaneous Papers, 1855-1916 (boxes 49-62) \nSeries 4. Miscellaneous Letters, 1872-1915 (boxes 63-65) \nSeries 5. Miscellaneous Bills and Receipts, 1872-1918 (boxes 66-82) \nSeries 6. Miscellaneous, 1872-1916 (boxes 83-115) \nSeries 7. Alexander Shaw Lawsuit, 1880-1894 (boxes 116-118) \nSeries 8. Personal and Political Papers, 1870-1916 (boxes 119-145) \nSeries 9. Railroads, 1862-1916 (boxes 146-189) \nSeries 10. West Virginia Semi-Centennial Commission, 1911 August 9–1913 July 26 (box 190) \nSeries 11. T.B. Davis Papers, 1879-1915 (box 191) \nSeries 12. Davis Memorial Hospital and Church, 1898-1916 (boxes 192-193) \nSeries 13. H.G. Davis and Brother, 1868-1905 (boxes 194-197) \nSeries 14. Real Estate and Timber, 1869-1915 (boxes 198-202) \nSeries 15. H.G. Davis Letter Books, 1865-1916 (boxes 203-231) \nSeries 16. West Virginia Central and Pittsburg Railway Company Letter Books, 1880-1903 (boxes 232-240) \nSeries 17. Minute, Letter, and Other Books, 1881-1914 (boxes 241-247) \nSeries 18. Oversized Ledgers, 1884-1913 (boxes 248-260)","Among Davis's correspondents are: \nU.S. Representative John D. Alderson \nWest Virginia Governor George W. Atkinson \nU.S. Senator William Henry Barnum \nU.S. Ambassador to the U.K. Thomas F. Bayard \nU.S. Minister to the Netherlands August Belmont, Sr. \nU.S. Senator James G. Blaine \nU.S. Senator Calvin S. Brice \nU.S. Secretary of State William Jennings Bryan \nU.S. Senator Johnson N. Camden \nindustrialist Andrew Carnegie \nPresident of Mexico General Porfirio Díaz \nU.S. Secretary of War Stephen Benton Elkins \nU.S. Minister to France Charles J. Faulkner, Sr. \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President John W. Garrett \nOlympian Robert S. Garrett \nJames Cardinal Gibbons (Cardinal, Archbishop of Baltimore) \nU.S. Senator Arthur Pue Gorman \nU.S. President Benjamin Harrison \nConfederate cartographer Jedidiah (Jed) Hotchkiss \nMaryland Governor Elihu Emory Jackson \nU.S. Senator John E. Kenna \nU.S. Secretary of War Daniel S. Lamont \nU.S. Congressman Adam Brown Littlepage \nU.S. Representative James Tilghman Lloyd \nPresident of the WV Supreme Court of Appeals Daniel Bedinger Lucas \nConsul General of Wurttemberg Charles F. Mayer \nWest Virginia Governor William A. McCorkle \nU.S. Senator John R. McPherson \nU.S. Commissioner of Internal Revenue Joseph S. Miller \nBaltimore and Ohio Railroad President Oscar G. Murray \nPennsylvania Railroad President George Brooke Roberts \nSouthern Railway President Samuel Spencer \nU.S. Senator Thomas Taggart \nU.S. Senator Daniel W. Voorhees \nU.S. Senator Thomas J. Walsh \nU.S. Secretary of the Navy William Collins Whitney \nMaryland Governor William Pinkney Whyte \nU.S. Secretary of the Treasury William Windom"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_bececc3958fd8321627340a6836c39d7\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"persname_ssim":["Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Davis, Henry Gassaway, 1823-1916","Alderson, J. D. (John Duffy), 1854-1910","Atkinson, Geo. W. (George Wesley), 1845-1925","Bayard, Thomas F.","Belmont, August.","Blaine, James Gillespie, 1830-1893","Bryan, William Jennings, 1860-1925","Camden, J. N. (Johnson Newlon), 1828-1908","Carnegie, Andrew, 1835-1919","Dayton, Spencer","Díaz, Porfirio, 1830-1915","Elkins, Stephen B.  (Stephen Benton), 1841-1911","Faulkner, Charles James, 1806-1884","Faulkner, Charles J. (Charles James), 1847-1929","Garrett, John W.","Gibbons, James, 1834-1921","Gorman, Arthur P. (Arthur Pue), 1839-1906","Harrison, Benjamin, 1833-1901","Kenna, John E.","Lamont, Daniel Scott, 1851-1905","Lucas, Daniel B.","MacCorkle, William Alexander, 1857-1930","Mason, James M. II.","Voorhees, Daniel W. (Daniel Wolsey), 1827-1897","Walsh, Thomas J.","Whitney, William C.","Windom, William."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":990,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-09-17T13:58:30.859Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2374_c10_c25"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wrapped account book, 1853/1933","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773_c01","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","parent_ssim":["Fauquier County, Va. 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The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:01:31.393Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_2773","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_2773.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book","title_ssm":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"title_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1933","1853-1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1933"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1853-1854"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1933, bulk 1853/1854"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853/1933, bulk 1853/1854"],"text":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853/1933, bulk 1853/1854","Mss. MsV Ame27u Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2773","Fauquier County (Va.)--History","Fauquier County (Va.)--History--19th century","Merchants--Virginia--Fauquier County","Merchants--Virginia--History--19th century","Account books","Journals (accounts)","450 p. : bound volume ; 42 cm.","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Journal, 1853-1854, of an unidentified merchant at Salem [now Marshall] Fauquier County, Va. which was also used as an expense book, 1906- 1933.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853/1933, bulk 1853/1854"],"collection_ssim":["Fauquier County, Va. Merchant's Account Book, 1853/1933, bulk 1853/1854"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. MsV Ame27u Oversize","/repositories/2/resources/2773"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 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