{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1887\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=26","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1887\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=25","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1887\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=27","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1887\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=134"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":26,"next_page":27,"prev_page":25,"total_pages":134,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":250,"total_count":1340,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Ledgers and Papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945, contains seven ledgers and notebooks related to Charles Davis, a plat, legal documents, indentures, stock certificates, and financial documents. The ledgers and notebooks are only minimally described as they undergo preservation treatment. They include a notebook, 1892-1893; a memorandum and account book, 1888-1889; an account book, 1895-1923; an account book, 1897; a time book, 1904-1912; a fertilizer notebook, 1907; and a daybook, 1912-1925.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_410"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_410"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"text":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers","Ledgers and Papers","Series 3: Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945, contains seven ledgers and notebooks related to Charles Davis, a plat, legal documents, indentures, stock certificates, and financial documents. The ledgers and notebooks are only minimally described as they undergo preservation treatment. They include a notebook, 1892-1893; a memorandum and account book, 1888-1889; an account book, 1895-1923; an account book, 1897; a time book, 1904-1912; a fertilizer notebook, 1907; and a daybook, 1912-1925.","The remainder of the series is comprised of miscellaneous papers with some directly relating to the Davis and Kline families and some documents seemingly unrelated, but still concerning other local persons. Other family names include Billhimer, Harrison, Ewin, Long, Lanahan, Waterman, Hall, Burtner, and Gambill. Items include five indentures, Charles Davis' 1891 teaching certificate for Pendleton County, West Virginia, a June 26, 1897 plat proposing a public road from Port Republic Road to Rockingham Turnpike (Rt. 33), six stock certificates issued to H. L. Burtner for Valley Supply Company, Inc. in Harrisonburg, and the will of D. A. Eppard of Elkton."],"title_filing_ssi":"Ledgers and Papers","title_ssm":["Ledgers and Papers"],"title_tesim":["Ledgers and Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1816-1945"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1816/1945"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ledgers and Papers"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945, contains seven ledgers and notebooks related to Charles Davis, a plat, legal documents, indentures, stock certificates, and financial documents. The ledgers and notebooks are only minimally described as they undergo preservation treatment. They include a notebook, 1892-1893; a memorandum and account book, 1888-1889; an account book, 1895-1923; an account book, 1897; a time book, 1904-1912; a fertilizer notebook, 1907; and a daybook, 1912-1925.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe remainder of the series is comprised of miscellaneous papers with some directly relating to the Davis and Kline families and some documents seemingly unrelated, but still concerning other local persons. Other family names include Billhimer, Harrison, Ewin, Long, Lanahan, Waterman, Hall, Burtner, and Gambill. Items include five indentures, Charles Davis' 1891 teaching certificate for Pendleton County, West Virginia, a June 26, 1897 plat proposing a public road from Port Republic Road to Rockingham Turnpike (Rt. 33), six stock certificates issued to H. L. Burtner for Valley Supply Company, Inc. in Harrisonburg, and the will of D. A. Eppard of Elkton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series 3: Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945, contains seven ledgers and notebooks related to Charles Davis, a plat, legal documents, indentures, stock certificates, and financial documents. The ledgers and notebooks are only minimally described as they undergo preservation treatment. They include a notebook, 1892-1893; a memorandum and account book, 1888-1889; an account book, 1895-1923; an account book, 1897; a time book, 1904-1912; a fertilizer notebook, 1907; and a daybook, 1912-1925.","The remainder of the series is comprised of miscellaneous papers with some directly relating to the Davis and Kline families and some documents seemingly unrelated, but still concerning other local persons. Other family names include Billhimer, Harrison, Ewin, Long, Lanahan, Waterman, Hall, Burtner, and Gambill. Items include five indentures, Charles Davis' 1891 teaching certificate for Pendleton County, West Virginia, a June 26, 1897 plat proposing a public road from Port Republic Road to Rockingham Turnpike (Rt. 33), six stock certificates issued to H. L. Burtner for Valley Supply Company, Inc. in Harrisonburg, and the will of D. A. Eppard of Elkton."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:57:44.489Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_410","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_410.xml","title_ssm":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1816-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1816-1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0241"],"text":["SC 0241","Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers","Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Rural families","Social history -- 19th century","Social history -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Printed Ephemera","Notebooks","Account books","Ledgers (account books)","Indentures","Certificates","Plats (maps)","Stock certificates","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Photograph albums","Love letters","Family papers","Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1 is arranged by letter recipient and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 is arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1891-1919, 1940 Ephemera, 1911-1967 Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945 Photographs and Scrapbooks, 1919-1977","Obituary for Charles L. Davis,  Daily News-Record , July 6, 1960.","Obituary for Edith Long Davis,  Daily News-Record , April 12, 1965.","Obituary for Earl A. Kline,  Daily News-Record , September 22, 1967.","Obituary for Letha Davis Kline,  Daily News-Record , March 5, 1986.","Obituary for Mary Kline Hutton,  Daily News-Record , May 18, 2017.","Program for the Forty-sixth Annual Commencement Exercises, Madison College, June 5, 1955.","Charles L. Davis (1874-1960) was born to John Conrad Davis and Mahulda Simmons Davis of Lewis County, West Virginia. Davis moved to Broadway, Virginia in 1892 and to Singers Glen, Virginia in 1896 where he lived the remainder of his life. While in West Virginia, Davis was a school teacher. He pursued the carpentry trade after moving to Virginia. Additionally, Davis served his community as a clerk, judge, and county committeeman for Singers Glen. He was a member of the Evangelical United Brethren (EUB) Church in Singers Glen. Davis married Edith Belle Long (1876-1965) of Singers Glen and together they had three children – Letha (1899-1986), Charles Russell (1906-1976), and Price Albert (1907-1979). Edith was born to Conrad Long and Phoebe Catherine Burgendine Long. Like her husband, Edith was a member of the local EUB congregation.","Their daughter Letha, a lifelong member of the Singers Glen EUB church and a member of the Disabled American Veterans auxiliary, went on to marry Earl Alpheus Kline (1896-1967). Kline was born to Benjamin B. Kline and Ella Mae Wilkins Kline. He was employed as one of the first electrical contractors in Rockingham County and later worked at REA and Madison College. The Klines had three children – Earl Jr., Eleanor Aletha (1922-2016), and Mary Davis (1934-2017).","On June 22, 1957, Mary Davis Kline married Ralph Bartlett \"Penny\" Hutton (1923-1993). The couple had one child, born Ralph Bartlett Hutton II (November 12, 1958-November 13, 1958), who died in infancy. Mary graduated from Broadway High School and from Madison College in 1955 with a Bachelor of Science degree in home economics education. She taught at Elkton High School for 10 years before working as a home economist for VEPCO (now Virginia Power) and went on to serve as the first school food service supervisor for Harrisonburg City Schools. She retired in 1991 after 17 years with the Virginia Department of Education. She was a member of the American Home Economics Association and the American School Food Service Association. Mary was a prolific scrapbooker and chronicled much of her adult life in this way.","This collection was originally housed in a photo album with most documents placed in Mylar sleeves. The materials were without a clear arrangement scheme. The archivist removed the documents from the album and imposed an artificial arrangement based on person or group of persons. However, it is unclear how some of the family names represented in this collection relate to the Davises, Klines, or Huttons. Box 3 which contains seven ledgers and notebooks is inaccessible due to ongoing preservation treatment. The ledgers within exhibit evidence of mold and are being treated accordingly.","The Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. Some documents are seemingly unrelated to the aforementioned families, but concern other local persons. Correspondence between Charles and Edith Long Davis and letters from their daughter Letha to Earl Kline comprise the bulk of the collection. Scrapbooks created by Mary Kline Hutton also make up a significant portion of the collection.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. Some documents are seemingly unrelated to the aforementioned families, but concern other local persons.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Hutton, Mary Davis Kline, 1934-2017","Whetzel, Charlie, 1940-2021","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0241"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"collection_ssim":["Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family papers"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Hutton, Mary Davis Kline, 1934-2017","Whetzel, Charlie, 1940-2021"],"creator_ssim":["Hutton, Mary Davis Kline, 1934-2017","Whetzel, Charlie, 1940-2021"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hutton, Mary Davis Kline, 1934-2017","Whetzel, Charlie, 1940-2021"],"creators_ssim":["Hutton, Mary Davis Kline, 1934-2017","Whetzel, Charlie, 1940-2021"],"places_ssim":["Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Social life and customs","Singers Glen (Va.) -- Genealogy","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were purchased by Special Collections at the April 8, 2017 estate sale of Mary Hutton. The sale took place in Elkton, Virginia and was auctioneered by Charley Whetzel. A small lot of Ralph B. Hutton's membership cards were acquired in the spring of 2019 from Rolling Hills Antique Mall. The cards originated from the same auction."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Rural families","Social history -- 19th century","Social history -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Printed Ephemera","Notebooks","Account books","Ledgers (account books)","Indentures","Certificates","Plats (maps)","Stock certificates","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Photograph albums","Love letters","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Rural families","Social history -- 19th century","Social history -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Printed Ephemera","Notebooks","Account books","Ledgers (account books)","Indentures","Certificates","Plats (maps)","Stock certificates","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Photograph albums","Love letters","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["3 cubic feet 7 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Printed Ephemera","Notebooks","Account books","Ledgers (account books)","Indentures","Certificates","Plats (maps)","Stock certificates","Photographs","Scrapbooks","Photograph albums","Love letters","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in four series. Series 1 is arranged by letter recipient and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 is arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1891-1919, 1940\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1911-1967\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLedgers and Papers, 1816-1945\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs and Scrapbooks, 1919-1977\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in four series. Series 1 is arranged by letter recipient and further arranged chronologically. Series 2 is arranged chronologically. Series 3 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically. Series 4 is arranged by form and further arranged chronologically.","Correspondence, 1891-1919, 1940 Ephemera, 1911-1967 Ledgers and Papers, 1816-1945 Photographs and Scrapbooks, 1919-1977"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Charles L. Davis, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, July 6, 1960.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Edith Long Davis, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, April 12, 1965.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Earl A. Kline, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, September 22, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Letha Davis Kline, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, March 5, 1986.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eObituary for Mary Kline Hutton, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily News-Record\u003c/emph\u003e, May 18, 2017.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eProgram for the Forty-sixth Annual Commencement Exercises, Madison College, June 5, 1955.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Obituary for Charles L. Davis,  Daily News-Record , July 6, 1960.","Obituary for Edith Long Davis,  Daily News-Record , April 12, 1965.","Obituary for Earl A. Kline,  Daily News-Record , September 22, 1967.","Obituary for Letha Davis Kline,  Daily News-Record , March 5, 1986.","Obituary for Mary Kline Hutton,  Daily News-Record , May 18, 2017.","Program for the Forty-sixth Annual Commencement Exercises, Madison College, June 5, 1955."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles L. Davis (1874-1960) was born to John Conrad Davis and Mahulda Simmons Davis of Lewis County, West Virginia. Davis moved to Broadway, Virginia in 1892 and to Singers Glen, Virginia in 1896 where he lived the remainder of his life. While in West Virginia, Davis was a school teacher. He pursued the carpentry trade after moving to Virginia. Additionally, Davis served his community as a clerk, judge, and county committeeman for Singers Glen. He was a member of the Evangelical United Brethren (EUB) Church in Singers Glen. Davis married Edith Belle Long (1876-1965) of Singers Glen and together they had three children – Letha (1899-1986), Charles Russell (1906-1976), and Price Albert (1907-1979). Edith was born to Conrad Long and Phoebe Catherine Burgendine Long. Like her husband, Edith was a member of the local EUB congregation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTheir daughter Letha, a lifelong member of the Singers Glen EUB church and a member of the Disabled American Veterans auxiliary, went on to marry Earl Alpheus Kline (1896-1967). Kline was born to Benjamin B. Kline and Ella Mae Wilkins Kline. He was employed as one of the first electrical contractors in Rockingham County and later worked at REA and Madison College. The Klines had three children – Earl Jr., Eleanor Aletha (1922-2016), and Mary Davis (1934-2017).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn June 22, 1957, Mary Davis Kline married Ralph Bartlett \"Penny\" Hutton (1923-1993). The couple had one child, born Ralph Bartlett Hutton II (November 12, 1958-November 13, 1958), who died in infancy. Mary graduated from Broadway High School and from Madison College in 1955 with a Bachelor of Science degree in home economics education. She taught at Elkton High School for 10 years before working as a home economist for VEPCO (now Virginia Power) and went on to serve as the first school food service supervisor for Harrisonburg City Schools. She retired in 1991 after 17 years with the Virginia Department of Education. She was a member of the American Home Economics Association and the American School Food Service Association. Mary was a prolific scrapbooker and chronicled much of her adult life in this way.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles L. Davis (1874-1960) was born to John Conrad Davis and Mahulda Simmons Davis of Lewis County, West Virginia. Davis moved to Broadway, Virginia in 1892 and to Singers Glen, Virginia in 1896 where he lived the remainder of his life. While in West Virginia, Davis was a school teacher. He pursued the carpentry trade after moving to Virginia. Additionally, Davis served his community as a clerk, judge, and county committeeman for Singers Glen. He was a member of the Evangelical United Brethren (EUB) Church in Singers Glen. Davis married Edith Belle Long (1876-1965) of Singers Glen and together they had three children – Letha (1899-1986), Charles Russell (1906-1976), and Price Albert (1907-1979). Edith was born to Conrad Long and Phoebe Catherine Burgendine Long. Like her husband, Edith was a member of the local EUB congregation.","Their daughter Letha, a lifelong member of the Singers Glen EUB church and a member of the Disabled American Veterans auxiliary, went on to marry Earl Alpheus Kline (1896-1967). Kline was born to Benjamin B. Kline and Ella Mae Wilkins Kline. He was employed as one of the first electrical contractors in Rockingham County and later worked at REA and Madison College. The Klines had three children – Earl Jr., Eleanor Aletha (1922-2016), and Mary Davis (1934-2017).","On June 22, 1957, Mary Davis Kline married Ralph Bartlett \"Penny\" Hutton (1923-1993). The couple had one child, born Ralph Bartlett Hutton II (November 12, 1958-November 13, 1958), who died in infancy. Mary graduated from Broadway High School and from Madison College in 1955 with a Bachelor of Science degree in home economics education. She taught at Elkton High School for 10 years before working as a home economist for VEPCO (now Virginia Power) and went on to serve as the first school food service supervisor for Harrisonburg City Schools. She retired in 1991 after 17 years with the Virginia Department of Education. She was a member of the American Home Economics Association and the American School Food Service Association. Mary was a prolific scrapbooker and chronicled much of her adult life in this way."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, SC 0241, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, SC 0241, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was originally housed in a photo album with most documents placed in Mylar sleeves. The materials were without a clear arrangement scheme. The archivist removed the documents from the album and imposed an artificial arrangement based on person or group of persons. However, it is unclear how some of the family names represented in this collection relate to the Davises, Klines, or Huttons. Box 3 which contains seven ledgers and notebooks is inaccessible due to ongoing preservation treatment. The ledgers within exhibit evidence of mold and are being treated accordingly.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was originally housed in a photo album with most documents placed in Mylar sleeves. The materials were without a clear arrangement scheme. The archivist removed the documents from the album and imposed an artificial arrangement based on person or group of persons. However, it is unclear how some of the family names represented in this collection relate to the Davises, Klines, or Huttons. Box 3 which contains seven ledgers and notebooks is inaccessible due to ongoing preservation treatment. The ledgers within exhibit evidence of mold and are being treated accordingly."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. Some documents are seemingly unrelated to the aforementioned families, but concern other local persons. Correspondence between Charles and Edith Long Davis and letters from their daughter Letha to Earl Kline comprise the bulk of the collection. Scrapbooks created by Mary Kline Hutton also make up a significant portion of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. Some documents are seemingly unrelated to the aforementioned families, but concern other local persons. Correspondence between Charles and Edith Long Davis and letters from their daughter Letha to Earl Kline comprise the bulk of the collection. Scrapbooks created by Mary Kline Hutton also make up a significant portion of the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_aed0f3a6145b2e329ac85678817bf83e\"\u003eThe Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. Some documents are seemingly unrelated to the aforementioned families, but concern other local persons.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Davis, Kline, and Hutton Family Papers, 1816-1977, are comprised of correspondence, scrapbooks, photographs, legal documents, and miscellaneous papers relating to Charles L. Davis of Singers Glen, Virginia and his descendants. 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Documents","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276_c02","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_276_c02"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276_c02","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_276"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_276"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Varner Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Varner Family Papers"],"text":["Varner Family Papers","Legal Documents"],"title_filing_ssi":"Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Legal Documents"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1774-1931"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1774/1931"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Legal 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. 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Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- Sources","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Destruction and pillage","Page County (Va.) -- History","Agriculture -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Distilleries -- Virginia -- Sources","Liquor laws -- Virginia","Liquor -- Selling","Financial statements -- Virginia","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into three series:","Letters, 1816-1933 Legal Documents, 1774-1931 Distillery Papers, 1869-1893","Lambert, Darwin S.  The Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park . Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.","Strickler, Harry M.  A Short History of Page County Virginia . Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952.","The Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia. ","Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035.","The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","Series 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. 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Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. 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Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- Sources","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Destruction and pillage","Page County (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Varner family","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Varner family","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Varner family"],"creators_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Distilleries -- Virginia -- Sources","Liquor laws -- Virginia","Liquor -- Selling","Financial statements -- Virginia","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Distilleries -- Virginia -- Sources","Liquor laws -- Virginia","Liquor -- Selling","Financial statements -- Virginia","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLetters, 1816-1933\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegal Documents, 1774-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDistillery Papers, 1869-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series:","Letters, 1816-1933 Legal Documents, 1774-1931 Distillery Papers, 1869-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLambert, Darwin S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park\u003c/emph\u003e. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eStrickler, Harry M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Short History of Page County Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lambert, Darwin S.  The Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park . Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.","Strickler, Harry M.  A Short History of Page County Virginia . Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDespite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia. ","Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","Series 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.","Series 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.","Series 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b02e9d3d1ef5a0d5387cc5cb96708fa5\"\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business."],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"famname_ssim":["Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T22:58:37.387Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276_c02"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Legal Documents","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","parent_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_220"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_220"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents","Legal Documents","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Legal Documents"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1968"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1751/1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"extent_ssm":["3 folders"],"extent_tesim":["3 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:00:23.623Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_220","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_220.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"unitdate_ssm":["1751-1968","1901-1935"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1901-1935"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1751-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0176","/repositories/4/resources/220"],"text":["SC 0176","/repositories/4/resources/220","Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents","Plains District, Rockingham County (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Deeds -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 18th century","Deeds -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 19th century","Deeds -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- History -- 20th century","Real property -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Sources","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Taxation -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Sources","Land titles -- Registration and transfer -- Virginia -- Sources","Land titles -- Virginia -- Rockingham County -- Sources","Legal documents","Tax records","Collection is open to research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged in two series:","Legal documents, 1751-1968 Tax record receipts, 1921-1935","Most of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4051 .","This collection comprises 94 legal documents such as contracts, agreements, a will, letters from attorneys and primarily, copies of deeds from 1751-1968.  Also included are several real estate tax receipts from the Plains District in Rockingham County dating from 1921-1935. Most of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family. One document that stands out is a 1908 injunction against 29 defendants for cutting timber without warrant. Series 1 contains all the aforementioned legal documents with the exception of the tax records which comprise Series 2.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The collection is comprised of 94 legal and tax related documents.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Suter, Scott Hamilton","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0176","/repositories/4/resources/220"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Plains District, Rockingham County (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Plains District, Rockingham County (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creators_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"places_ssim":["Plains District, Rockingham County (Va.) -- Records and correspondence","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Genealogy"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in two series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegal documents, 1751-1968\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eTax record receipts, 1921-1935\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in two series:","Legal documents, 1751-1968 Tax record receipts, 1921-1935"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMost of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Most of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents, SC 0176, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Shenandoah Valley Legal Documents, SC 0176, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 4051\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2017-2018.  This collection was previously cataloged as SC 4051 ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection comprises 94 legal documents such as contracts, agreements, a will, letters from attorneys and primarily, copies of deeds from 1751-1968.  Also included are several real estate tax receipts from the Plains District in Rockingham County dating from 1921-1935. Most of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family. One document that stands out is a 1908 injunction against 29 defendants for cutting timber without warrant. Series 1 contains all the aforementioned legal documents with the exception of the tax records which comprise Series 2.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection comprises 94 legal documents such as contracts, agreements, a will, letters from attorneys and primarily, copies of deeds from 1751-1968.  Also included are several real estate tax receipts from the Plains District in Rockingham County dating from 1921-1935. Most of the documents pertain to the Riddle/Riddel family. One document that stands out is a 1908 injunction against 29 defendants for cutting timber without warrant. Series 1 contains all the aforementioned legal documents with the exception of the tax records which comprise Series 2."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_34144c1627e4ad3e38aff43da8bf3c8c\"\u003eThe collection is comprised of 94 legal and tax related documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is comprised of 94 legal and tax related documents."],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:00:23.623Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_220_c01"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Legal Documents","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)","Louis A. Cazenove"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)","Louis A. Cazenove"],"text":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)","Louis A. Cazenove","Legal Documents","English"],"title_filing_ssi":"Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Legal Documents"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":17,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":205,"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"language_ssim":["English"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_27.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/27","title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"text":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27","Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)","Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence","The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","\nThe correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","\nCertain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","\nSubfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","\nSeries 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","    Subseries:\n    ","Family Correspondence\n    ","Personal Correspondence\n    ","Business Correspondence\n    ","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","\nSubfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","\nSeries 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","  Subseries:\n    ","Business Records\n    ","Records Books","\nDeeds","\nEstates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos","Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","\nPaul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874). ","\nAnn Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","\nEliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890). ","\nWilliam Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","\nLouis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","\nLouis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.","MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","\nMS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","\nTwo letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","\nAn 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","\n3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","\nThere are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","\nThe Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","\nThe Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.","This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","\nThe Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","\nThe second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","\nBoth parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"collection_ssim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCertain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e    Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFamily Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLegal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Inventions\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Personal Records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Printed Material\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Louis A. DeCazenove\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Business\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e  Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Records\n    \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords Books\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nDeeds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEstates and Guardianships\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Printed\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: News Clippings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Photos\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","\nThe correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","\nCertain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","\nSubfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","\nSeries 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","    Subseries:\n    ","Family Correspondence\n    ","Personal Correspondence\n    ","Business Correspondence\n    ","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","\nSubfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","\nSeries 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","  Subseries:\n    ","Business Records\n    ","Records Books","\nDeeds","\nEstates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAnn Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nEliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nWilliam Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","\nPaul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874). ","\nAnn Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","\nEliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890). ","\nWilliam Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","\nLouis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","\nLouis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nTwo letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nAn 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","\nMS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","\nTwo letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","\nAn 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","\n3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","\nThere are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","\nThe Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","\nThe Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nBoth parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","\nThe Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","\nThe second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","\nBoth parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:09:56.186Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27_c02_c03"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Legal Documents","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","parent_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_4_resources_66"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"text":["Duke family law firm papers","Legal Documents","Series IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950)."],"title_filing_ssi":"Legal Documents","title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"title_tesim":["Legal Documents"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1885-1950"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Legal Documents"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":36,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1167,"date_range_isim":[1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series IV.  Legal documents (boxes 126-145) --  These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:12:48.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_66.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/106865","title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"text":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66","Duke family law firm papers","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.","Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.","The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creators_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift of Helen R. Duke in 1979.","The addendum to the papers of the Duke and Duke law firm was donated by William E. Duke and Lucy D. Kinne to the Law Library in October of 1985 after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"famname_ssim":["Duke family "],"persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. 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Another son, Beverly Johnston Ogden died in a race riot in 1868. 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Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order."],"title_filing_ssi":"Letterpress Books","title_ssm":["Letterpress Books"],"title_tesim":["Letterpress Books"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1875-1919                                                                                                                                                                                                    "],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letterpress Books"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":14,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":103,"date_range_isim":[1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries II.  Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series II.  Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) --  From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books.  The books are stored in chronological order."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:12:48.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_root_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_4_resources_66","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_4_resources_66.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/106865","title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1820 - 1959"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"text":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66","Duke family law firm papers","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia","The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.","Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.","The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.","Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.79.6","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/4/resources/66"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"collection_ssim":["Duke family law firm papers"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"creators_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"places_ssim":["Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 19th Century","Charlottesville (Va.) -- History -- 20th century"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was a gift of Helen R. Duke in 1979.","The addendum to the papers of the Duke and Duke law firm was donated by William E. Duke and Lucy D. Kinne to the Law Library in October of 1985 after the death of Helen Duke, donor of the original gift. "],"access_subjects_ssim":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["practice of law -- Virginia","lawyers -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["108.5  Linear Feet 232 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are organized into 8 series: 1st-6th series concern the law practice; 7th series, the insurance business; and the 8th, family business.","Series I. Incoming letters (boxes 1-43) -- From 1869 to 1923 (and occasionally through the 1940's) incoming letters were filed separately from other material. From 1899 to 1923 all incoming letters were stored annually in special file boxes arranged alphabetically by correspondent's name. The papers in this series are arranged as they were found.","Series II. Copies of outgoing letters (boxes 44-57) -- From the 1870's through the teens copies of outgoing letters were kept chronologically in letterpress books. The books are stored in chronological order.","Series III. Case files (boxes 58-125) -- The case files date back to 1874, but are concentrated between 1920 and 1955. While the dates of these case files overlap the chronological ones described above, case files were by no means regularly created until the early twenties when the other system was virtually abandoned. Since many, but not all, of the case files were numbered, it was impossible to restore them to numerical order. Therefore, they have been grouped into decades and then arranged alphabetically by title found on the original folder. If the original folder was numbered, that number is noted on the new one. The cases concern principally the settlement of debts, property and divorce, as well as, for the last few decades, insurance claims.","Series IV. Legal documents (boxes 126-145) -- These documents, originally stored apart from case files, are organized chronologically according to type of document, the largest groups of which are deeds (1885-1929) and titles (1876-1936). Also included in this series are documents related to specific cases (ca. 1870-1925), to the coal business, and to miscellaneous matters (ca. 1800-1950).","Series V. Financial papers (boxes 146-167 and oversize) -- The financial papers were likewise apparently filed separately in the office. They include notes, bonds, collections, accounts, bills, taxes, etc., and are arranged alphabetically (ca. 1870-1950). Ledgers containing the same sort of financial records are organized by size.","Series VI. General office correspondendence and cases (boxes 168-185) -- This alphabetical file, ca. 1920-1955, was apparently created for routine correspondence concerning clients and office matters. For some reason, certain cases were also incorporated into the alphabetical system, despite the fact that numbered case files continued to be created until the practice closed. (To complicate matters a bit further, there seem to have been two alphabetical files used consecutively. These have now been merged into one.) This series contains correspondence and case files, desk diaries, memoranda, unfiled office papers, and files relating to the insurance companies Eskridge represented.","Series VII. Insurance agency files (boxes 186-217) -- These files of the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville, 1923-1927, cover the period in which W.F. Carter, Jr., was agent. At the beginning of the series are documents concerning the audit of the agency and the subsequent incorporation.","Series VIII. Family business files, civic material and miscellany (boxes 218-232) -- These records, dating from the 1880's, provide a good deal of information about the financial affairs of the Charlottesville Dukes as well as their relatives."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSince he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThroughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWalker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIt has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Richard Thomas Walker Duke, son of Richard and Maria Walker Duke, was born 6 June 1822 in Charlottesville, Virginia, where he spent his childhood. After attending private schools, he entered Virginia Military Institute and finished second in the class of 1845. Upon graduating he taught school in Lewisburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), but returned to Charlottesville when his father died in 1849, and began studying law at the University. In 1850, he started his own law practice, and over the next ten years built a law office, was chosen one of Charlottesville's first aldermen, served briefly as mayor, and became commonwealth's attorney. He married Elizabeth Scott Eskridge of Staunton, and they had two sons, William and R. T. W. Jr. (Tom), and a daughter, Mary, all of whom lived to adulthood; two other children died in childhood.","As colonel of the 48th Regiment of the Virginia Volunteers, R. T. W. Duke took an active role in the Civil War. In 1864, he resigned his commission because of a dispute with a superior officer, but re-enlisted thirty days later. He surrendered with his troops at Silas Creek in 1865, and returned to his law practice and position as commonwealth's attorney. From that time on, Duke was known as \"the Colonel,\" and in honor of his service in the recent war, the local camp for the Sons of Confederate Veterans was named for him.","In 1863 Duke bought Sunnyside, a 70-acre tract of land northeast of Charlottesville (on which the Law School is now located), and farmed this property until his death. He was chosen secretary/treasurer of the board of trustees of the Samuel Miller Fund, established in 1869. In 1870, Duke assumed the fifth district's Congressional seat for two terms as a member of the Conservative party. Lobbying for a strong South throughout his term, Duke actively opposed the 14th Amendment. R. T. W. Duke died after a lingering illness in the summer of 1898.","William R. Duke, born in 1849, possessed his father's farming instincts and commitment to political involvement. Together they farmed and resided at Sunnyside, whose ownership William shared with his brother Tom after their father's death. Although William studied law at Virginia, and in 1883 joined his father's law practice, he devoted more energy to farming and such groups as the Virginia Cattlemen's Association. In 1897 he was elected delegate to the Virginia General Assembly. Like his father, William was also involved in local affairs, serving, for example, as clerk of the Miller Fund board of trustees for many years. William died in 1929 and was survived by his sons, William (Billy) and Camman.","Since he was born in 1853, Richard Thomas Walker Duke Jr. (Tom) witnessed the Civil War during his impressionable boyhood years and later wrote about those experiences. A gifted writer and student of languages, Tom studied classics, French, German, and English literature when he entered the University of Virginia in 1870. He was awarded the Thomas Jefferson Prize for the best essay in 1872, and then turned his attention to the study of law in 1873-74. It is likely that he later read law for a time in his father's office before passing the bar. Although the practice of law became his career, Duke wrote prose and poetry the rest of his life, and was published in the New York Herald and such magazines as Century, Lippincott's, and Illustrated American.","Throughout his long career, Tom was active in town, University, and state affairs. Among the organizations in which he held office were the Masons, Zeta Psi fraternity, the Sons of the American Revolution, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, the Miller Board, the UVA Alumni Association, and the state Democratic Committee. He served from 1886 to 1901 as judge of the Corporation Court (now called the Circuit Court), as commonwealth's attorney from 1916 to 1920, and as a member of the Committee to Revise the Virginia Code in 1908. In addition, he sat on the boards of a variety of corporations, including the Charlottesville Ice Company, the First National Bank, and a number of Kentucky and West Virginia coal development companies in which his family had invested. From 1907 to 1910, Tom edited the Virginia Law Journal.","Tom Duke married Edith Ridgeway Slaughter in 1884, and they produced six children, of whom five grew to maturity: Mary, R. T. W. III (Walker), John Flavel Slaughter (Jack), William Eskridge, and Helen Risdon. He built a spacious home for his family at 616 Park Street. A frequent traveller because of his practice, Duke also travelled for pleasure. As the children grew up, Edith often accompanied him to New York or Washington to shop, visit friends and attend plays, or she took journeys alone to visit children and other relatives. All the Duke children, as they reached their teens, attended boarding school, and all received at least some college education. Edith Duke died suddenly in 1921, and two years later, Tom married Maymee Richardson Slaughter, his wife's sister-in-law from Lynchburg. In March of 1926 Tom died at the age of 76.","Walker, after a few years in the Navy, joined the Army and became a career officer. Jack served in the Army during World War I, and then began a career in business. In 1917, Eskridge took a law degree at Virginia and joined his father's practice. He was plagued by ill-health throughout his career, and soon after their father's death, his sister Mary, a former social worker, began assisting in the law office. Helen, a librarian, worked in New York and Norfolk for a year or so before moving back to the family home. Eskridge and his wife, Lucy Lee, had three children, of whom two, William Eskridge Jr. (Bill) and Lucy Marshall, grew to adulthood. Jack died in 1933; Eskridge, in 1959; Walker, in 1960; Mary, in 1966; and Helen, in 1984.","The Charlottesville law practice established by R. T. W. Duke in 1850 remained in the family for two succeeding generations. After studying law with John B. Minor at the University of Virginia, Duke practiced alone until 1858, when he built his office at 20 Court House Square and took James D. Jones as a partner. Another lawyer, Louis G. Hanckel, joined the firm in the early seventies and handled insurance business. When Tom finished his legal studies in 1874, he assisted his father, whose partner by then was Stephen V. Southall. In the 1880's the firm was called Duke and Duke, William having joined his father shortly before Tom became judge.","The early work of the firm was limited to real estate, debt collection, and probate work, with an occasional criminal case. In addition, there was ample time for all three lawyers to pursue their assorted outside interests. At the office each man wrote his own letters, Tom switching to a Remington typewriter in 1889, before the days when they could hire a stenographer. The Dukes handled property rentals for some of their clients, the wealthiest and best known of whom was Jefferson Levy, owner of Monticello, the Opera House, and a great deal of other property in town.","With the combination of \"the Colonel's\" death, the social and economic changes in town around the turn of the century, and the energetic leadership of Tom, the workload of the practice increased and became more diverse. Loan and bond operations were added to the civil and criminal work and property management. Around 1917, Eskridge and Clarence E. Gentry joined the firm, now called Duke, Duke and Gentry. The law office was torn down in 1922, and the firm moved to a building shared with other lawyers at the corner of Fifth and Jefferson Streets. The practice flourished, and the Dukes often hired Virginia law students or graduates as clerks or associates, including Elizabeth Tompkins (the first female graduate of the Law School), Bernard Chamberlain, Anna Dinwiddie, and John Yancy.","It has not been determined whether the Dukes sold insurance after Hanckel left, but some time after Eskridge joined the firm in the late teens, the Insurance Agency was established. The title was changed to the Insurance Agency of Charlottesville in 1923, when W. F. Carter Jr. as agent. After Carter misappropriated funds, he was relieved of his job, the agency was incorporated, and the Dukes' interest in the business was eventually bought out by William B. Murphy.","Eskridge carried on the law practice with the assistance of Mary and an occasional associate. In 1937, he wrote that his firm \"is regional and local counsel for a number of insurance companies, Virginia counsel for the Pike Coal Company, and does a general legal business, specializing in insurance, real estate, corporation and probate law, also maintains a collection department.\" With his failing health in the late forties, the practice dwindled until 1955, when Duke and Duke closed a little over a hundred years after it began."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Duke law firm papers include correspondence, case files, legal, insuarance, and financial records, as well as ledgers. The files provide extensive documentation of a small-town family practice. Since the insurance business and the Dukes's family business affairs were handled in the same office as the law practice, these files had remained with the legal files. The family correspondence found with these papers was transferred to Special Collections in Alderman Library. ","The Duke papers were transferred from the first Duke office to the second Duke office, finally to their third office on Park Street, where they apparently were shifted more than once. Things were unavoidably jumbled, but the order within the cartons, the types of file boxes and folders, and the dates made it possible to reconstruct the original filing arrangements.","This collection is rich in source material for scholars of legal, social, or local history. The first area of research focuses on the changes in the character of this small-town law practice from the post-Civil War to the post-World War II periods. There are well-documented accounts in the shifts in the type of legal work the law firm handled, the daily office operations over the years, the economic vicissitudes of the practice, and the attitudes of three generations of lawyers. There is information on the political, economic, and social conditions of the Charlottesville area during the time span of the Dukes' law practice."],"names_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections","Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929"],"corpname_ssim":["Arthur J. Morris Law Library Special Collections"],"names_coll_ssim":["Duke family ","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929","Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898"],"famname_ssim":["Duke family "],"persname_ssim":["Duke, Richard Thomas Walker (R. T. W.), 1822-1898","Duke, William Eskridge, 1893-1959","Duke, William R., 1849-1929"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1908,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-08T07:12:48.745Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_4_resources_66_c02"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":47},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1887\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"College of William and Mary","value":"College of William and 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