{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1883\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=19","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1883\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=18","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1883\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=20","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1883\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=119"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":19,"next_page":20,"prev_page":18,"total_pages":119,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":180,"total_count":1184,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Certificates,","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2671"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["A. E. F. Price Certificates,"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["A. E. F. Price Certificates,"],"text":["A. E. F. Price Certificates,","Certificates,","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Certificates,","title_ssm":["Certificates,"],"title_tesim":["Certificates,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1883-1885"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1883/1885"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Certificates,"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["A. E. F. Price Certificates,"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish material from A. E. F. 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All three certificates are signed by Thomas Nelson Conrad, president of VAMC from 1880 to 1886."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from A. E. F. Price Certificates must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from A. E. F. Price Certificates must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_72dc4821571b1b35d6829efa222a7454\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes three certificates awarded to A. F. Price for \"distinguished\" work in his examinations at Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes three certificates awarded to A. F. 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Miller Family Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1381.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Miller, Charles A., Family Papers","title_ssm":["Charles A. Miller Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles A. Miller Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1708-1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1708-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1983.001"],"text":["Ms.1983.001","Charles A. Miller Family Papers","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Charles Alexander Miller was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, on November 19, 1819. He was educated at Washington College and later at Union Seminary. On his return to Southwest Virginia, Miller was licensed by the Montgomery County Presbytery in 1849, and served as a home missionary in Giles County (1849-1851). He was fully ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1854 and went on to work at the Kimberlin Church (Giles County) and later at the White House Church (Radford) until his death on March 26, 1893. ","Melinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. ","External source:","\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller , accessed April 22, 2024.","The guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff.","This collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1983.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. 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Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles A. 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He was educated at Washington College and later at Union Seminary. On his return to Southwest Virginia, Miller was licensed by the Montgomery County Presbytery in 1849, and served as a home missionary in Giles County (1849-1851). He was fully ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1854 and went on to work at the Kimberlin Church (Giles County) and later at the White House Church (Radford) until his death on March 26, 1893. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMelinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal source:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller\u003c/a\u003e, accessed April 22, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Alexander Miller was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, on November 19, 1819. He was educated at Washington College and later at Union Seminary. On his return to Southwest Virginia, Miller was licensed by the Montgomery County Presbytery in 1849, and served as a home missionary in Giles County (1849-1851). He was fully ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1854 and went on to work at the Kimberlin Church (Giles County) and later at the White House Church (Radford) until his death on March 26, 1893. ","Melinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. ","External source:","\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller , accessed April 22, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Miller Family Papers, Ms1983-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Miller Family Papers, Ms1983-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c8f500e49a4771478eac193eb189208\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Miller, Charles A. 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","Melinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. ","External source:","\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller , accessed April 22, 2024.","The guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff.","This collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1983.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles A. Miller Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles A. Miller Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles A. Miller Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles A. Miller Family Papers were purchased by the Special Collections in 1983."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject matter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Alexander Miller was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, on November 19, 1819. He was educated at Washington College and later at Union Seminary. On his return to Southwest Virginia, Miller was licensed by the Montgomery County Presbytery in 1849, and served as a home missionary in Giles County (1849-1851). He was fully ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1854 and went on to work at the Kimberlin Church (Giles County) and later at the White House Church (Radford) until his death on March 26, 1893. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMelinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal source:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller\u003c/a\u003e, accessed April 22, 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Alexander Miller was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, on November 19, 1819. He was educated at Washington College and later at Union Seminary. On his return to Southwest Virginia, Miller was licensed by the Montgomery County Presbytery in 1849, and served as a home missionary in Giles County (1849-1851). He was fully ordained as a Presbyterian minister in 1854 and went on to work at the Kimberlin Church (Giles County) and later at the White House Church (Radford) until his death on March 26, 1893. ","Melinda Taylor Miller (1836-1906) was the second wife of Reverence Charles A. Miller. ","External source:","\"Melinda Otey Taylor Miller\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10942709/melinda_otey_miller , accessed April 22, 2024."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles A. Miller Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Miller Family Papers, Ms1983-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles A. Miller Family Papers, Ms1983-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles A. Miller Family Papers commenced in March 2007 and was completed in March 2007. This collection was previously processed by Special Collections staff."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains eighteenth-century manuscript items from the Miller family in Germany and Pennsylvania as well as documents relating to Charles A. Miller's land ownership and business receipts. Also included are Miller's diary, account book, and information regarding the genealogy of his second wife, Melinda Taylor Miller."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9c8f500e49a4771478eac193eb189208\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of materials regarding Reverend Charles A. Miller and his family's history."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Miller, Charles A. (Charles Alexander), 1819-1893","Miller, Melinda Taylor, 1836-1906"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:32.960Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1381"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles C. Richardson Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3281.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richardson, Charles C. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.023"],"text":["Ms.2018.023","Charles C. Richardson Papers","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018.","The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson.","Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2018.023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creator_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creators_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles C. Richardson Papers were purchased by Special Collections in August 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles C. Richardson Papers, Ms2018-023, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles C. Richardson Papers, Ms2018-023, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8562dc49d5e7b528914c288f5da9fb37\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:42:22.725Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3281.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Richardson, Charles C. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.023"],"text":["Ms.2018.023","Charles C. Richardson Papers","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018.","The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson.","Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2018.023"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles C. Richardson Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creator_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"creators_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles C. Richardson Papers were purchased by Special Collections in August 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles C. Richardson Papers, Ms2018-023, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles C. Richardson Papers, Ms2018-023, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles C. Richardson Papers was completed in September, 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie. In addition, there is a 1996 flyer from a United Daughters of the Confederacy tribute to Richardson."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Charles C. Richardson Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8562dc49d5e7b528914c288f5da9fb37\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a handwritten, two-page recounting of Civil War battles and who commanded them, a photograph (n.d.) of a family gathering, likely the Richardson family, and post-war photographs, (n.d.) of Charles Coker Richardson and his wife Mollie."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Richardson, Charles C. (Charles Coker)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:42:22.725Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3281"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles E. Vawter Family Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's \u003cem\u003eBugle\u003c/em\u003e yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2811.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Vawter, Charles E., Family Collection","title_ssm":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.057"],"text":["Ms.2012.057","Charles E. Vawter Family Collection","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Charles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.","After the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.","External sources: ","\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website,  https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html : \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"","\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter , accessed June 14, 2023.","The guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012.","The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.057"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was purchased by Special Collections in September 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html\"\u003ehttps://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html\u003c/a\u003e: \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 14, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.","After the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.","External sources: ","\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website,  https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html : \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"","\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter , accessed June 14, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles E. Vawter Family Collection, Ms2012-057, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles E. Vawter Family Collection, Ms2012-057, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle\u003c/title\u003e yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b49d7dee97744ac3f1195fb3a3f24437\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle\u003c/title\u003e yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"famname_ssim":["Charles E. Vawter family"],"persname_ssim":["Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:31.371Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2811.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Vawter, Charles E., Family Collection","title_ssm":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-1913"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.057"],"text":["Ms.2012.057","Charles E. Vawter Family Collection","Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","Charles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.","After the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.","External sources: ","\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website,  https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html : \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"","\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter , accessed June 14, 2023.","The guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012.","The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.057"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Vawter Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was purchased by Special Collections in September 2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Faculty and staff","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html\"\u003ehttps://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html\u003c/a\u003e: \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 14, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Erastus Vawter, Sr., was born in Monroe County, West Virginia, on June 9, 1841 to John H. and Clara Vawter. John H. Vawter was a member or the Virginia legislature for twenty-four years. Charles Vawter's education at Emory and Henry College was interrupted in his junior year, when he joined the Confederate Army, serving in the Stonewall Brigade, in which he became a captain, during the American Civil War. He was captured and became a prisoner of war at Fort Delaware.","After the war, Vawter returned to Emory and Henry, graduating in 1866. Also in that year, he married Virginia Longley, and they had several children, including Charles E. Vawter, Jr., who later taught at Virginia Tech. For twelve years, Vawter, Sr., was professor of mathematics at his alma mater. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute, and was recognised as an authority on manual training in the south. He died on October 27, 1905.","External sources: ","\"Charles E. Vawter\", Virginia Tech History website,  https://history.unirel.vt.edu/administration/vawter_charles_e.html : \"From the report of the committee established to consider names of certain buildings on campus, sent to Dr. Walter S. Newman, President, on April 26, 1962.\"","\"Capt Charles Erastus Vawter\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/15298065/charles-erastus-vawter , accessed June 14, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles E. Vawter Family Collection, Ms2012-057, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles E. Vawter Family Collection, Ms2012-057, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles E. Vawter Family Collection was completed in September 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle\u003c/title\u003e yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes. The ledger is most likely from Charles E. Vawter, Sr.'s time overseeing the Miller School. The two VPI yearbooks were dedicated to C. E. Vawter and C. E. Vawter, Jr., respectively. Though the photos in the CDV album are unmarked, they were taken by A. H. Plecker in Salem and Davis in Richmond, Virginia. The two daguerreotypes feature a woman and man, presumably a married couple."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b49d7dee97744ac3f1195fb3a3f24437\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBugle\u003c/title\u003e yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles E. Vawter Family Collection contains a ledger from 1882-1883, two Virginia Polytechnic Institute's  Bugle  yearbooks from 1900 and 1913, a CDV photo album, and two early daguerreotypes."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)","Charles E. Vawter family","Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (1896-1944)"],"famname_ssim":["Charles E. Vawter family"],"persname_ssim":["Vawter, C. E. (Charles Erastus), 1841-1905"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:31.371Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2811"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles F. McKenna Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2450.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McKenna, Charles F., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.031"],"text":["Ms.2009.031","Charles F. McKenna Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.","Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx .","The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.","For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"," The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creators_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles F. McKenna Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Published Materials include two articles from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldier Life\u003c/title\u003e, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenna attempted to enlist in the 63\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eAdditional information from:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFleming, George Thornton. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution\u003c/title\u003e. 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEastman, Frank M. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCourts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History\u003c/title\u003e. 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\"\u003ehttp://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eFor information on the 155\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSmith, Robin, and William Younghusband. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Civil War Zouaves\u003c/title\u003e. Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eUnited States. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment\u003c/title\u003e. Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e, the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e, an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f5a7e94aeb6a33c75e6d0fa23f594ca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2450.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McKenna, Charles F., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.031"],"text":["Ms.2009.031","Charles F. McKenna Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.","Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx .","The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.","For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"," The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creators_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles F. McKenna Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Published Materials include two articles from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldier Life\u003c/title\u003e, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenna attempted to enlist in the 63\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eAdditional information from:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFleming, George Thornton. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution\u003c/title\u003e. 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEastman, Frank M. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCourts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History\u003c/title\u003e. 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\"\u003ehttp://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eFor information on the 155\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSmith, Robin, and William Younghusband. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Civil War Zouaves\u003c/title\u003e. Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eUnited States. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment\u003c/title\u003e. Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e, the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e, an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f5a7e94aeb6a33c75e6d0fa23f594ca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Charles F. McKenna diaries","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection","Series I: Personal Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection","Series I: Personal Papers"],"text":["Charles F. McKenna Collection","Series I: Personal Papers","Charles F. McKenna diaries","box 1","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Charles F. McKenna diaries","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna diaries"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna diaries"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["September 3, 1862 - September 3, 1863, September 2, 1963 - June 5, 1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1862/1963"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna diaries"],"component_level_isim":[2],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2450.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McKenna, Charles F., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.031"],"text":["Ms.2009.031","Charles F. McKenna Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.","Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx .","The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.","For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"," The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creators_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles F. McKenna Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Published Materials include two articles from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldier Life\u003c/title\u003e, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from  Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of  Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenna attempted to enlist in the 63\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eAdditional information from:\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eFleming, George Thornton. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution\u003c/title\u003e. 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEastman, Frank M. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCourts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History\u003c/title\u003e. 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\"\u003ehttp://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th  Regiment, titled  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th  Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton.  History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M.  Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico.  http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eFor information on the 155\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSmith, Robin, and William Younghusband. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Civil War Zouaves\u003c/title\u003e. Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eUnited States. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment\u003c/title\u003e. Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband.  American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States.  Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910.  E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e, the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e, an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of  Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of  Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f5a7e94aeb6a33c75e6d0fa23f594ca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th  Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450_c01_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles H. Moody Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3174.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Moody, Charles H. Papers","title_ssm":["Charles H. Moody Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Moody Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1862-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1862-1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2017.003"],"text":["Ms.2017.003","Charles H. Moody Papers","Civil War","Gettysburg, Battle of, Gettysburg, Pa., 1863","Gettysburg Campaign, 1863","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The Charles H. Moody Papers are arranged by type of material. Within the correspondence folders, materials are arranged in chronological order.","Charles H. Moody was born on September 9, 1843. He was a bugler and orderly in the 8th N.Y. Volunteer Cavalry during the American Civil War. He enlisted at the age of 18 on August 23, 1862 and was mustered out in June 27, 1865 in Alexandria, VA. On June 1, 1864, he was captured and sent to a Confederate POW Camp in Florence, South Carolina. By the end of the war, he had earned the rank 2nd Lieutenant. Following the war he married Helen M. Hall and they had one daughter. He worked as a bookkeeper for a lumber company. He passed away on June 1, 1908.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Moody Papers was completed in February 2019.","The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, dating from January 1862-June 1865. The Charles H. Moody Papers also include military papers with information about the 8th N.Y. Volunteer Cavalry and drawings.","Permission to publish material from the Charles H. Moody Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)","English \n.    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He passed away on June 1, 1908.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles H. Moody was born on September 9, 1843. He was a bugler and orderly in the 8th N.Y. Volunteer Cavalry during the American Civil War. He enlisted at the age of 18 on August 23, 1862 and was mustered out in June 27, 1865 in Alexandria, VA. On June 1, 1864, he was captured and sent to a Confederate POW Camp in Florence, South Carolina. By the end of the war, he had earned the rank 2nd Lieutenant. Following the war he married Helen M. Hall and they had one daughter. He worked as a bookkeeper for a lumber company. He passed away on June 1, 1908."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles H. Moody Papers, Ms2017-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles H. Moody Papers, Ms2017-003, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Moody Papers was completed in February 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Moody Papers was completed in February 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, dating from January 1862-June 1865. The Charles H. 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Moody Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b4d15e21266e033e7827d3b1bc3ffe13\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    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He passed away on June 1, 1908.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Moody Papers was completed in February 2019.","The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, dating from January 1862-June 1865. The Charles H. Moody Papers also include military papers with information about the 8th N.Y. Volunteer Cavalry and drawings.","Permission to publish material from the Charles H. Moody Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)","English \n.    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Moody Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b4d15e21266e033e7827d3b1bc3ffe13\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Charles H. Moody Papers contain correspondence from Charles H. Moody to his father, mother, brother, and various friends relating to his service in Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, and throughout Virginia, datingranges from January 1862-June 1865."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Moody, Charles H. (8th NY Cavalry)"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:02:28.880Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3174"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Walls Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Photocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2641.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Walls, Charles, Collection","title_ssm":["Charles Walls Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.001"],"text":["Ms.2011.001","Charles Walls Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Charles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008.","The guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011.","This collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals.","The following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: ","The 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863   ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec Hartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig,  Gettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments  (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Photocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Walls Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Walls Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3  boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3  boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Walls Collection, Ms2011-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Walls Collection, Ms2011-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863 \u003c/title\u003e ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments\u003c/title\u003e (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: ","The 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863   ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec Hartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig,  Gettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments  (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_751562939f8748aa9128aeff8530332d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhotocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Photocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:17:21.621Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2641.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Walls, Charles, Collection","title_ssm":["Charles Walls Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1882-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1882-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2011.001"],"text":["Ms.2011.001","Charles Walls Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open for research.","The collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject.","Charles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008.","The guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011.","This collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals.","The following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: ","The 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863   ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec Hartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig,  Gettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments  (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Photocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2011.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Walls Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Walls Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Walls Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3  boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.5 Cubic Feet 3  boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection essentially retains its original order and is arranged alphabetically by subject."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Sebastian Walls III, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and an American Civil War enthusiast, was born in Oceanside, New York, on October 15, 1934. A master gardener and retired truck driver, Walls died on December 17, 2008."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Walls Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Walls Collection, Ms2011-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Walls Collection, Ms2011-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles Walls Collections was completed in January 2011."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies and other reproductions of American Civil War-related magazine articles and other sources compiled by Charles Walls, a resident of Blacksburg, Virginia, and a Civil War enthusiast. The collection, which contains only a few original items, reveals a general interest in the Civil War and its various aspects. The collection's most significant contents, perhaps, are several files on the Ku Klux Klan and related organizations, with articles tracing the Klan's origin and history as well as its activities through the 1990s. The collection also includes a number of articles relating to African-American history and the Civil Rights movement. Other files relate to the preservation of Confederate heritage and include articles surrounding the Confederate battle flag and other controversial issues. Many of these items seem not to have been gathered firsthand by Walls but given to him by another party. The collection also emphasizes the Civil War as it related to Long Island, New York, with articles on military units, events, and individuals."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863 \u003c/title\u003e ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eHartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments\u003c/title\u003e (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following books were removed from the collection and cataloged for the Rare Book Collection: ","The 119th New York Vols. and Their Participation in the Gettysburg Campaign June 12, 1863 to July 4, 1863   ([S.l.: s.n., 1986]). E523.5 119th W45 1986 Civil War Spec Hartwig, D. Scott and Ann Marie Hartwig,  Gettysburg: the Complete Pictorial of Battlefield Monuments  (Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 1995). E475.56 H37 1995 Civil War Spec"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_751562939f8748aa9128aeff8530332d\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhotocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Photocopies of magazine articles and other sources relating to the American Civil War, with particular emphases on Long Island, New York, during the war, African-American history, and the Ku Klux Klan."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Ku Klux Klan (1915-)","Ku Klux Klan (19th century)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":44,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:17:21.621Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2641"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Crush Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1403.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crush, Charles W., Papers","title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1984.180"],"text":["Ms.1984.180","Charles W. Crush Collection","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.","Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.","The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.","This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]","Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1984.180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creators_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles W. Crush Collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eI. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5a18a243c9481432964d7622a928b16e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:30.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1403.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crush, Charles W., Papers","title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1984.180"],"text":["Ms.1984.180","Charles W. Crush Collection","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.","Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.","The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.","This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]","Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1984.180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creators_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles W. Crush Collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eI. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5a18a243c9481432964d7622a928b16e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:30.659Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Hardin Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creators_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are written in English."],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95.  https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. 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