{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=55","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=54","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=56","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University\u0026page=57"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":55,"next_page":56,"prev_page":54,"total_pages":57,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":540,"total_count":570,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Varner Family Papers, 1774/1933","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Varner family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_276.xml","title_ssm":["Varner Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Varner Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1774-1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1774-1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1774/1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Varner Family Papers, 1774/1933"],"text":["Varner Family Papers, 1774/1933","SC 0129","/repositories/4/resources/276","Virginia -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","Series 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.","Series 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.","Series 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b02e9d3d1ef5a0d5387cc5cb96708fa5\"\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"famname_ssim":["Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, John"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_276","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_276.xml","title_ssm":["Varner Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Varner Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1774-1933"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1774-1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1774/1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Varner Family Papers, 1774/1933"],"text":["Varner Family Papers, 1774/1933","SC 0129","/repositories/4/resources/276","Virginia -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into three series:","Letters, 1816-1933\n      Legal Documents, 1774-1931\n      Distillery Papers, 1869-1893","Lambert, Darwin S. The Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.","Strickler, Harry M. A Short History of Page County Virginia. Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952.","The Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia.","Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035.","The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","Series 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.","Series 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.","Series 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. 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Va.) -- Economic conditions -- Sources","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Virginia -- Economic conditions -- Sources","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives, Confederate","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Destruction and pillage","Page County (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Page County (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- Social life and customs -- Sources","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Distilleries -- Virginia -- Sources","Liquor laws -- Virginia","Liquor -- Selling","Financial statements -- Virginia","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Distilleries -- Virginia -- Sources","Liquor laws -- Virginia","Liquor -- Selling","Financial statements -- Virginia","Estates (Law) -- Virginia -- Sources","Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 cubic feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 cubic feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Family papers","Legal documents","Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLetters, 1816-1933\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLegal Documents, 1774-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eDistillery Papers, 1869-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series:","Letters, 1816-1933\n      Legal Documents, 1774-1931\n      Distillery Papers, 1869-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eLambert, Darwin S. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park\u003c/emph\u003e. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eStrickler, Harry M. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Short History of Page County Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Lambert, Darwin S. The Undying Past of Shenandoah National Park. Boulder, CO: Roberts Rinehart, Inc., 1989.","Strickler, Harry M. A Short History of Page County Virginia. Richmond, VA: Dietz Press, Inc., 1952."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDespite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Varner family of Page County, Virginia was of German descent, and their name appears as early as 1801 on records of the Antioch Christian Church near Stony Man Creek, Virginia.","Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms, and several orders for brandy."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, SC 0129, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3035."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, document the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.","Series 1: Letters, 1816-1910, contains documents from relatives of the Varners in the Midwest and from other family members within Virginia. Most of these documents date from the latter half of the nineteenth century. In general these letters discuss health, the weather and farming; however, there are several accounts relating to the Civil War and its devastating effects on the family.","Series 2: Legal Documents, 1774-1931, contains a thorough collection of tax receipts dating from 1803-1930; several papers pertaining to John Varner's duties as an executor; a folder of receipts for various financial transactions; and, among other papers in the miscellaneous folder, a Confederate States of America Bond.","Series 3: Distillery Papers, 1869-1893, contains documents related to the Varner's distillery business in Luray, Virginia. Despite wide-spread anti-liquor sentiment in the Shenandoah Valley in the nineteenth century, the Varners operated a distillery. Documentary evidence of the business begins in 1869 and includes state permits to distill, Internal Revenue \"Distillery Gauger\" forms and several orders for brandy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b02e9d3d1ef5a0d5387cc5cb96708fa5\"\u003eThe Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Varner Family Papers, 1774-1933, documents the Varner family of Page County, Virginia with particular emphasis on correspondence, legal and financial documents, and documents relating to their distillery business."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"famname_ssim":["Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Varner, John"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Varner family","Varner family -- Correspondence","Varner, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_276"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Volume 12, 1880/1881","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880: \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","parent_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_250"],"title_filing_ssi":"Volume 12","title_ssm":["Volume 12"],"title_tesim":["Volume 12"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Volume 12, 1880/1881"],"text":["Volume 12, 1880/1881","Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891","box 1","folder 5","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\""],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1880/1881"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["May 1880-January 1881"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":12,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1880,1881],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\""],"_nest_path_":"/components#11","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_250","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_250.xml","title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries"],"unitdate_ssm":["1871-1891"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1871-1891"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1871/1891"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"text":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891","SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250","Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.","United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.","Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.","The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.","The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059.","The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Smals Diaries, 1871/1891"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0096","/repositories/4/resources/250"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History, Local -- Genealogy","Bridgewater (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Bridgewater (Va.) -- Economic customs -- 19th century","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"creators_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection is on deposit from the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Shoemakers -- Virginia -- Biography","African Americans -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Shoemakers -- Virginia -- History -- 19th century","Diaries","Weather diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.7 cubic feet 3 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries","Weather diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The diaries are arranged chronologically where possible, but due to variations in size are physically housed as follows in the Contents List. Volume 14 is filed in a separate container."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eUnited States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["United States Census Office, 7th census. 1850 U.S. Census, Rockingham County, Virginia. Wichita, Ks.: S-K Publications, 1987."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Smals (1810-1892) is listed in the 1850 Rockingham County Census as a shoemaker with real estate value of $1,000 with a wife, Mary, and six children. There is an entry for Henry Smalts in the 1860 census and for Henry Smalls in the 1870 census that gives additional household details. He may also have been a barber sometime during the 1880s (ses Box 3, Folder 4). His surname appears as a variation of Smalz and Smaltz as well."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection of diaries was first presented to George M. Hanger by Smals' grandson, Gal Miller, in 1910. The diaries were then given to George P. Furry in 1920, Edwina Furry in 1970, and Dorothy Merriefield in 1983."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, SC 0096, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Notes"],"processinfo_tesim":["The diaries appear to have been rebound, perhaps several times, and some volumes have sections in them that are not in chronological order. In some places the ink has faded to illegibility. In the fall of 2002 and 2003, Peggy Dillard and Ken Hinkle respectively created partial indices for the Smals diaries. The entries transcribed as part of these partial indices are included under each diary's scope and content note.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 2059."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eJuly 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1871: A man was fined.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChristmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house] \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church]. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDecember 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"   \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuly 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMarch 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApril 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMay 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJune 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAugust 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeptember 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOctober 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNovember 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFebruary 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Henry Smals Papers, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. There are mentions of acquaintances that are ill, various business transactions conducted in town, the movement of livestock, and hay through town, ongoing town projects, church activities, marriages, births, deaths, and other details of town life. The activities of \"colored people\" are occasionally noted. Throughout the diaries, Smals made small drawings of people and animals and added illustrations clipped from newspapers. A folder, located in Box 3, contains printed copies of a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"","July 9, 1871: Rev. Holland preached.","July 28, 1871: \"Negro procession burying a black man, 27 numbers.\"","August 11, 1871: \"Ingenears [sic] at work from Harrisonburg to Bridgewater.\"  [sketch of surveyor's transit]","August 17, 1871: \"Eingenears [sic] leveling the road through town.\"","October 10, 1871: [Described Chicago Fire giving damage figures and drew a sketch]","November 8, 1871: A man was fined.","March 31, 1872: \"Charley Clark got his leg broke by the kick of a horse in the street near the Methodist Church.\" Rev. Engel [J.J.Eagle] was preaching at Mossy Creek","April 22, 1872:\"Poor Peter Swisher, black, in  town from the Poor House","April 28, 1872: \"class as usual at Lutheran Church\"","May 4, 1872: Preaching by Rev. Whitscarver at 3pm","May 8, 1872: \"A Drove of cattle went through town today to West Virginia to graze.\" [sketch of cow skull] \"A Load of corn to Staunton.\" [ear of corn sketch][during this period time small pox [drew symbolic dots] was raging at Tenth Legion and there is reference ot Tobias Swartz making barrels [sketch of barrel]]","May 27, 1872: \"A Cow ate up a pocket book for Harry Soule with $140 in the book.","May 31, 1872: \"Negro riot at Mrs. Woodleys.\"","June 1872: \"Glade as dry as we had seen in 40 years.\"","June 23, 1872: \"No class today, our church is under repairs. Prayer meeting at Lutheran Church","July 13, 1872:  \"Black Peter and Black Tond [sp?] came here from the Poor House for a Quarterly meeting.\"","July 14, 1872:  \"A great many Black persons at their meeting at the orchard of Mrs. Brown's. Sabbath Morning.  - \"Preaching by Reverend Engel [Eagle].  Rev. Whitescarver preached in the Methodist Church.  A very small congregation today.\"","August 4, 1872: [Henry Smals birthday.]","August 5, 1872: \"Some Scoundrels went in T. Hites watermelon lot and cut and stole all his watermelons.\"","August 17, 1872:  \"2 droves of Fat Cattle went through our town today . . . Another drove of cattle and a drove of sheep.  Another drove of cattle.\"","August 23, 1872: \"A camp meeting commence at Lacey Springs for the United Brethren in Christ.\"","August 28, 1872:  \"A company of Gipseys went through our town.\"","September 2, 1872:  \"Two droves of cattle went through our town.\"","September 3, 1872: \"Greely Club meeting this evening.\"","September 4, 1872: \"25 wells gone dry.\"","September 5, 1872: \"load of crocks from Mt. Sidney.\"","September 7, 1872:  \"Negro picnic at Mt. Solon today at 11 o'clock.\" [5 black heads drawn]","September 14, 1872:  \"A drove of cattle very fat came through our town today. Reverend Perry killed 23 squirrels.\"","September 21, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep from Hiland came through our town  . . . A drove of cattle went through our town.\"","September 22, 1872: \"A large crowd  at the M. E. Church South.\"","September 24, 1872:  \"Joseph Byrd and Squire Whitsearver gone to try a Negro.  He is a lunatick.\"","September 28, 1872:  \"Negro picnic in the woods near the town.\"","October 4, 1872:  \"A blind Negro playing on harp for a living . . . A Negro show in our town this evening at 8 o'clock.\"","October 11, 1872:  \"2 beaves killed this evening in our town.\"","October 15, 1872:  \"A drove of sheep, a drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","November 8, 1872:  \"1 drove of cattle went through our town to Faquire County.\"","November 14, 1872:  \"Horse disease [Epizooty] made its appearance in our midst.  No fatal cases reported as yet.  Chicken cholera also prevailing.  The Devil has been at loose among the stock, poultry, etc.\"","November 25, 1872:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"Dec. 11, 1872:  [Writes in German.]","December 22, 1872:  \"Class at usual hour 9 o'clock, Sabbath School at 2 o'clock. Singing after class.  Also singing at 6 ½ o'clock, Closed singing a 8 o'clock.\"","December 30, 1872:  \"Sinclair Lewis came to town this evening.\"","December 31, 1872:  \"Mr. Mason, Superintendent of Poor House, in town today.\"","February 7, 1873:  \"Black people all gone to the railroad from Bridgewater.\"","March 8, 1873:  \"2 droves of cattle and 2 droves of sheep went through our town this evening. . .  The black presiding elder's name is Harst.\"","March 9, 1873: \"Singing by Professor Wartman at 10 o'clock.\"","March 10, 1873:  \"All the black boys from Bridgewater went to the railroad.\"","March 26, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle and hogs went through out town today-up the country.\"","March 27, 1873:  \"All the colored people gone to the railroad.\"","April 22, 1873 : \"There are 11 preachers in town.\"","April 27, 1873: \"Baptism by Immersion in the River near the Bridge.\"","May 12, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town to the mountains.\"","May 15, 1873:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains.\"","May 18, 1873: \"Hattie Dinkel and Frank Perry baptized.\"","May 28, 1873:  \"Shifflet killed a black man dead in his tracks on the railroad between Sangersville and Harrisonburg.\"","June-August, 1873:[A lot of talk about many people being in town looking for work on the railroad and how much work was being done; a lot of railroad business.]","June 22, 1873: \"Preaching by Reverend Nihiser.\"","August 27, 1873: [District Conference commenced in Mt. Crawford.]","August 31 1873,-  \"Preaching at M.E.C.S by Reverend Waugh.\"","September 6, 1873:  \"Negroes have a Sabbath school picnic this evening.\"","September 20, 1873:  \"1 Drove of fat cattle gone through our town.\"","October 1, 1873:  \"Wages on the NGR Road is cut down to $1.25 per day and board themselves.  Negroes would not work for that price.\"","October 2, 1873:  \"A great stampede with the Negroes striking for higher wages or work on the whole line on the Narrow Gauge RR.  A great many Negroes gone to Staunton.\"","October 3, 1873:  \"A great many Negroes in town today looking for work.\"","October 5, 1873 - Reverend Weddell was to preach in Temperance Hall.","November 1, 1873:  \"A large drove of cattle came through our town.\"","November 15, 1873:  \"Negro Fair today at their schoolhouse on the bank of the river.\"","November 24, 1873:  \"Joseph Williams shot a negroman a convict from the penitentiary but did not kill him.\"","December 12, 1873: \"Dr. McMarren came to our town to open a drug store.\" [mortar and pestle sketch]","December 16, 1873:  \"Finished work on the Broad Gauge RR this evening.\"","December 28, 1873: \" Preaching by a Northern Methodist.\"","December 29, 1873:  \"A Negro frolick in our town tonight in the Odd fellows Hall lower room.\"","January 1, 1874: \"John Allemong and Mack Aden leased the Band Mill of  George Berlin for 3 years.\"","January 3, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle went through our town today.  2 droves more cattle went through our town.\"","January 4, 1874:  \"Preaching at Brethren Church by Rev Nihiser.  Prayer  mtg. 6 ½  o'clock in M. E. C. S.\"","January 11, 1874:  Sabbath morning   clear cool   class at the usual hour of 9 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle]  Sabbath School at 2 oclock   Preaching by Rev. Whitescarver [Baptist?]   Also Rev Mr. Weddell at 3 ½ oclock  Rev Mr. Stuart preached at M. E. C. S. at 6 ½ oclock","January 17, 1874:  \"A drove of very fat cattle went through our town today.\"","February 1, 1874:  \"Singing by Professor Bucher at 11 o'clock.  Black Liz had a child and carried it to the stable, child had a bunch of straw crammed in its mouth, found dead.\"","February 13, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle came through our town.  1 drove of hogs went through our town today.\"","February 17, 1874:  \"A large drove of cattle went through our town today.\"","February 22, 1874: \"Sabbath Morning.  Class at the usual hour at 9 o'clock.  Preaching by Rev. Mr. Engel [Eagle].  Sabbath School at 2 o'clock.  Preaching at 3 ½ o'clock by Rev. Mr. Whitscarver.   Prayer meeting at the usual hour 6 ½ o'clock.  Very warm  mercury up to 82 degrees.\"","February 26, 1874: Two houses and lots were sold in Bridgewater for $375 each.  [Smals always drew a house when one was sold and when people moved to another house].","March 8, 1874: \"The old Methodist Church in Mt. Crawford Blown Down by wind today.\"","March 13, 1874: \"Rev Engel [Eagle] came home from Conference this morning.\"","April 11, 1874:  \"A drove of cattle gone through our town to the mountains. Lovefeast at 9 o'clock.  Preaching at 11 by John H. Marten.\"","May 18, 1874:  \"Charley Hottle and Jack Higgins were arrested for stealing a large iron pot of Davie Danner and put in the calaboose for 3 hours and there whipped on the bare back, Charley 8 lashes and Jack 4.\"  [Doesn't say if these two were black or white.]","June 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day for the soldiers of the war.\"","June 9, 1874:  \"A great many persons in our town today for flowers for the soldiers graves.\"","June 10, 1874:  \"This is Memorial Day in Harrisonburg of Confederate Soldiers graves.\"","June 16, 1874:  \"A Negro strike on the Railroad today.\"","June 18, 1874:  \"President of NGRR and chief engineer in town today.\"","July 25, 1874:  \"Quarterly meeting commenced today by the Colored People in Bridgewater.\"","July 25, 1874: \"The Normal Professors and Scholars gone on the Round Hill, a pleasure trip.\"","August 15, 1874: \"Professors and Boys had a fine game of Bass Ball this afternoon.\"","October 2, 1874:  \"Colonel Osburn gone home and I suppose that is the end of the Broad Gauge RR.\"","November 2, 1874: \"Adam Rader butchering today.\" [Adam Rader was the first mayor of Bridgewater, Virginia and organized the first Methodist church in that town in 1841.  He is commemorated in a stained glass window in the Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","December 4, 1874:  \"This is Pention [sic] Day of the Soldiers of the War.\"","December 13, 1874: \"Rev Haines buried in Port Republic. Requested that all people who had heard him preach come to see him buried.\"","December 28, 1874:  \"Negro frolick in our town tonight.\"","March 1, 1875: \"The Sivil [sic] Rights Bill passed both houses.  Nigger can look to have his head broke.\"","April 28, 1875: \"Dick Rogers killed 1 loon and 1 Night Heron.\" [accurate sketches of both birds]","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","May 24, 1875:  \"A panther attacked one of Wises boys this morning on Wises.\"","June 9, 1875:  \"A Negro hung near Harrisonburg for insulting a white woman today without judge or jury.\"","August 13, 1875: \"Methodist Camp Meeting commence today above Mt. Sidney.  Rev. Mauzey [Mausee] gone to attend this meeting.  Also a camp meeting near Lacey Springs commence to day held by United Brethren.\"","September 24, 1875:  \"A parsel of Negroes were blowed up on the Railroad in a cut near the Darah Coal mines.\"","September 25, 1875:  \"Severell droves of cattle, hogs and  sheep went through our town today to market.\"","October 15, 1875: [Sketch of a steam sawmill.]","January 2, 1876: Sabbath Morning.  \"A blind man by the name of Johnson addressed the Sunday School and children.\"","February 10, 1876: \"A large supper and surprise party given at Rev. Mauzeys [Mausee], about 50 in number.\"","February 21, 1876: \"Monday morning cloudy and rain.  This is Court Day.  A great many persons in town to day.  A great many drunk.  The Mite Society met at the Parsonage at 7 o'clock. Collected 6 dollars and some cents.  Miss Player was indited before the grand jury for killing her child by sticking scissors in its neck, seven holes.\"","March 6, 1876:  \"Great Disaster happened at the Narrow pass. Bridge broken, cars went down and killed 11 and wounded all of the crew and killed 96 cattle and tore everything to pieces.\"","March 11, 1876:  \"A Sons of Purity had a procession and fair today in Town Hall. A great many black folks present. They realized about $45 for their society.\"","March 20, 1876:  \"Black Amos gone to Montrey with his wagon with provisions for convicts.\"   [Many entries about people taking provisions to convicts.]","April 20, 1876:  \"Black Peter died at the Poor House.\"","May 3, 1876:  \"Black Charley Teter got drunk and Mr. Simpson struck him in the mouth and Charley was put in the calaboose.\"","June 10, 1876:  \"Black folks have Picnick at Mt. Sidney today.  The band is gone up to Sidney.\"","June 18, 1876: Sabbath Morning.   \"…the M. E. Church received a new library today, 125 volumes of good literature.\"","July 12, 1876: \"Old Miller Campbell drown in a barrel of water in Daton this morning.\"","August 21, 1876: \"Jedediah Hotchkiss of Staunton lectures geography of Virginia today at two o'clock.\"","August 31, 1876:  \"Convicts came off the road and gone near Rawley Springs to get out Railroad ties.\"  [Convicts now working on the RR, not blacks]","September 19, 1876: \"Adam Rader came to town today.\"","October 1, 1876: Sabbath -[Henry Smals attended Quarterly meeting at Naked Creek.]","October 24, 1876: \"4 droves of cattle came through our town.\"","November 5, 1876: Sabbath-\"John Allemong very sick\"","November 6, 1876: \"John Allemong still sick.\"","November 7, 1876:  Declares Tilden and Hendricks as elected President and VP of the country","February 4, 1877: Sunday -  \"The colored Quarterly Meeting closed this evening about 9 o'clock.\"","February 5 1877:  \"A black man the name of R. Coffman went to John Hatfields and choked John's wife and hurt her face and arm, and went in pursuit of him and caught him at James Davis and brought him to Mr. Byrds and Mr. Byrd sent him to jail for further trial.\"","February 16, 1877:  \"Negroes have a dance in the lower room in Odfellow Hall tonight.\"","March 5, 1877:  Notes inauguration day but doesn't mention names.  Perhaps he's disappointed his candidates didn't win after all.","March 16, 1877: [Smals mentions Pastors Graechen and Kinzer who were both new ministers at the M. E. Church on the Bridgewater Circuit.]","March 19, 1877:  \"The trial of the black man comes off today for an attempt of rape, was condemned to the penitentiary for 10 years.\"","January 2, 1875:  \"S. Coffman was arrested for assault and battery.\" [a black man].","April 1, 1877: \"Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Kinzer.\"","April 23, 1877:  \"Mr. Shifflett condemned to be hung by the neck till he is dead dead dead\"","April 25, 1877:  Shiffletts hanging to be done June 29.","June 12, 1877:\"a new engine went through our town today.\"","June 23, 1877: \"The Masons had a picknick below the bridge today.  All the Masons in town were present.\"","June 24, 1877: Sabbath morning: \"Preaching by Rev. Kinzer in M. E. Church.  Preaching in the Brethren Church at 8 o'clock in the evening.\"","June 29, 1877:  Hanging put off for further trial.","July 4, 1877:  \"This is Independence Day, great parade in Harrisonburg about 5,000 persons present.  Fine day for a celebration in Harrisonburg.  Several speeches made in the courtyard.\"","July 11, 1877:  \"Verdict brought in for Shifflett for murder in the first degree.\"","August 19, 1877: Sunday: \"About 3,000 people at a Camp Meeting in Parnassus.\"","August 24, 1877:  \"A picnic at Harrisonburg by the Negroes\"","August 25, 1877:  A white picnic at Mt. Crawford.","September 1, 1877:  \"The [traveling] Centennial closed tonight for the White People.\"","September 2, 1877: \"Preaching in M. E. Church by Rev. Graechen.\"","September 3, 1877:  \"Today Centennial opened for the Colored People.  A good crowd present.\"","September 5, 1877:  \"Several drove of cattle came through our town.\"","September 9, 1877: \"Preaching by Rev. Mausey [Mausee].\"","Wednesday, September 12, 1877: \"Rev. Roe preached in M. E. Church tonight on object of Bibles.\"","September 23, 1877: \"I [Smals] delivered an address to the Sunday School Prayer Meeting tonight.\"","September 25, 1877:  \"Mr. Shiflett was hung in Harrisonburg today about 1 o'clock.\"  [Sketch of a hangman's noose and gallows drawn]","October 3, 1877:  \"Some fine stock went through our town today.\"","November 11, 1877:  \"Boat was built to cross the river; big rope extended to both sides.\" [draws picture of rope and boat crossing the river.]","November 14, 1877: Preaching by Rev. Graechen.","November 27, 1877: \"…Jenkins nephew making boats to cross river.\"","December 8, 1877: \"A boat sank today with a load of wood on the wagon belonging to Daniel Evans, supposed to weigh 6 tons.\"","December 14, 1877:  \"Commenced the bridge.\" [drew a picture of a stone bridge].","December 17, 1877: \"Uncle Adam Rader paralyzed today.\"","December 18, 1877: Jacob Dinkel died [brother in law of Smals].","December 25, 1877:  \"Colored band has gone to Harrisonburg.\"","December 26, 1877:  White band invited to play at a party.","January 1878: [ Work continues on the bridge.]","January 22, 1878: \"Business very dull.  John Allemong put his calico down to 5 cents per yard.\"","January 26, 1878: \"Boys killed a red fox on Round Hill today.  Shot by John Keaton.\"","January 31, 1878: \"John Smith and Right Hartman had a fight today in the confectionaire [sic].\"","February 1, 1878: Rev. Graechen came to town.","February 7, 1878: \"Samuel S. Miller cut his hand in my shop.\"","February 9, 1878: \"The Dunkards made arrangements to build a church out at the woods.  Layed off the ground today.  Joe Summerlance and Tailor Sheetz had a fight at the bridge today.  Paid a fine of dollar apiece by decision of the Mayor.\"","February 13, 1878:  [Smals took sick for 2 weeks; no entries.]","March 6, 1878:\"Our annual Conference goes in session today in the City of Baltimore. Business looking up now.\"","March 7, 1878:  \"Black woman linched [sic] and hung for burning a barn.\" [drew picture of gallows]","March 19, 1878: \"Great Elocution in M. E. Church to night by Rev. Ross.  A failure. Ross sick.\"","March 22, 1878:  \"Henry Smals fell in the river today.\"","March 28, 1878:  \"Trussels finished on the bridge.\"  [Children and ladies crossed first]","April 9, 1878:  [Bridgewater Enterprise, first paper printed in Bridgewater; J.H. Smals bought the first paper off the press.]","April 12, 1878:  \"Bridge finished; first wagon and cart driven over.\"","April 30, 1878:  [Notes Dr. doing \"obstetricks\" [sic];  316 cases; lost only 1 mother.]","May 18, 1878:  \"Colored People have their first Quarterly meeting in this town.\"","May 20, 1878:  \"Commenced putting on shingles on Bridge roof today.\"","May 21, 1878:  \"Black Jack Higgins and Black Sam Williams had a fight on the road.\"","May 31, 1878: \"Peter Miller started to Baltimore to purchase stock for his factory.\"","June 3, 1878: \"John Hatfield and Gallice Miller finished the bridge today.  Gallice Miller drove the last nail.\"","June 5, 1878:  \"Commenced painting the bridge. . . . Bridge finished today.\" [Sketch of the finished bridge]","June 10, 1878: \"Presbyterians organized their church today.  Rev. Price preached in the Lutheran Church.\"  \"Spits of snow with 3 ½ inches on Mountain.\"","June 14, 1878:  \"Great decoration of soldier's graves; amount of persons present about 12,000; a good many went from Bridgewater.\"","June 20, 1878: \"Perry Meace crossed the Bridge with a steam boiler weighing 9200 pounds.\"","June 22, 1878:  \"2 Beef Wagons in town today.\"","June 23, 1878:  \"Preaching in M. E. Church today by Reverend Kinzer.  Mr. Kiracofe married to Miss McWilliams.  Some of the Negroes had a fuss in their church.\"","June 28, 1878:  \"2 hundred pounds of butter came to town today.\"","June 29, 1878:  \"A great deal of butter came to town today.\"","July 4, 1878:  \"This is Independence Day.  A fourth of July Celebration held at Edinburg today.  A good many persons gone to the celebration at Edinburg from this town.\"","July 6, 1878:  \"A big trial with the niggers for misdemeanor at their church.  Jane Bookers, Nels Lee and Addel Johnston were fined 50 cents each and cast and bound over the peace for 12 months.\"","July 19, 1878:  \"Picnic by the colored people at their schoolhouse tonight also tomorrow night.\"","July 21, 1878: Preaching by Rev. Daniel [David] Bush at Church.  \"Meeting at M. E. Church to pass a Resolution to have a festival on the 9 and 10 of August for the benefit of the M. E. Church.\"","July 25, 1878: \"Editor Delaney is taking the origin of our town from year 1826.\"  [This was apparently a history of Bridgewater].","July 27, 1878: Rev. Rosenbough at M. E. Church.","August 1, 1878:  \"A picnic of the Colored people at Coonrods Store today.  Our Colored Band went to play for them.\"","August 3, 1878: Iron safe weighing 5110 pounds installed in Bank of Bridgewater.","August 4, 1878: [Smals birthday.  Preaching by Rev. Graechen in M. E. Church.]","August 9, 1878: Camp Meetings at Parnassus and Fort Defiance.","Sunday, August 11, 1878: \"No class today in consequence of church being out of order.\" [Repairs?]","August 20, 1878: Frank Miller got 15 years in penitentiary for stealing horses.","August 25, 1878: Meeting at the new Dunkard Church.","August 28, 1878: \"Dr. Brown got his printing press.\"","August 30, 1878:  \"Colored People's Camp Meeting commenced tonight near George Kerekoff's, on his land.\"","September 6, 1878:  \"A Colored man preached tonight at camp meeting near our town.\"  [The meeting closed on the 8th.]","September 20, 1878:  \"Great parade with the Negroes in Harrisonburg celebrating their freedom.\" [drew 4 black heads]","October 24, 1878: \"Rod and balls for church put on.\" [The legibility is unclear for this entry but from the accompanying sketch, it appears a lighting rod was installed on the church].","October 27, 1878: Rev. Green preached in M. E. Church.","November 3, 1878: Rev. Rosebough preached in M. E. Church.","December 1, 1878: Rev. Hat preached in M. E. Church.","December 25, 1878:  \"Colored had a fair in Town Hall.  Realized $8.\"","January 16, 1879:  \"Black Nels Lee got married to Black Allard.  Rev. Mauzy married them.\"","January 23, 1879:  \"Nels Lee moved into the house at the end of the Plank Walk.  Colored people working on their church.\"","February 15, 1879: Rev. Grachen preaching.","February 17, 1879: \"A Grand Supper gave by the Band of Bridgewater.  Cornet Band to night.\"","February 20, 1879: \"Charles Furry's wife had twins to night.\"","February 28, 1879: \"Mr. McClouds House burnt up about 11 o'clock to night.\"","March 1, 1879: \"A fine Revival going on in Harrisonburg. About 76 conversions up to this date.\"","March 5, 1879: \"Our Annual Conference goes in session at Salem, Roanoke County.\"","March 6, 1879:  \"Commenced work again on the African church in rear of our church. George White bought 5 hogs of Mrs. Ward for $20.\"","March 8, 1879: Four day conference.  [likely M. E. Church]","March 12, 1879: Eight day conference adjourned.  Brother Kinzer returns to our Sircuit [sic] and Rev Holcomb [Homan?] moved to Jesse Frys house in our town.","March 14, 1879:  \"Negro Exhibition at old Town Hall tonight.\"","March 19, 1879: \"Dr. Brown moved his drug store to Armstrongs store room and also the printing press upstairs in Browns Store.  Samuel Miller upset his buggy and broke the top off it.\"","March 22, 1879: \"Lute Swartz killed a Sandhill Crane this morning.\" [sketch of crane]","March 30, 1879: \"Quarterly meeting going on at Crawford.\"","April 13, 1879: \"Preaching by Kummingham [R. S Cunningham] at M. E. Church.\"","April 14, 1879: Henry Smals got sick on his way to Richmond Odd Fellows Conference.","April 29, 1879: \"A. Hollins brought a load of agricultural implements to the Old Town Hall.\"","May 10, 1879:  \"Quarterly meeting with the colored people today.  Presiding elder present.\"","May 29, 1879: \"Peter Miller's stable burnt down.  Supposed to have caught from the engine of Mr. Sheetz.\"","June 9, 1879:  \"This is Memorial Day at Staunton to decorate the soldiers graves.  A good many persons gone from Bridgewater.\" [June 6-at Winchester-Memorial of the Dead-estimates 25,000 present]","Thursday, June 12, 1879: \"This is the day the Lawn Festival commences in church yard at M. E. Church.  No festival on account of rain.\" [sketch]","June 23, 1879: \"Willie Bradburn got his arms in the carding machine, tore off the flesh of half the arm.\" [Smals always drew a sketch of injured arms and legs]  \"about 2500 black bass put in the dam above the woolen factory.\"","June 27, 1879: \"A great many cherries in our town to day at from 11 to 20 cents per gallon.  Mr. Mefall got his buggy and harness broken near Allemongs by hoisting an umbrella, horse got frightened.\"","July 4, 1879: \"Day of Celebration in Harrisonburg, about 15,000 people present, 6 bands and 6 military companies, a powerful turnout.  98 degrees for 3 hours and one hour 100 degrees, awful dust.  It was supposed that $10,000 dollars was left in Harrisonburg today.\"","July 13, 1879: Rev. Rosbrown [?] preached.","July 21, 1879:  \"J.H. Smals at court, made 2 indictments on assault and battery, the other a rape on a small Negro child.\"","August 15, 1879:  \"Rev. Boothe, Colored preacher, in United Brethren Church tonight.\"","August 25, 1879: \"Oliver L. Rhodes made me a present of a fine hat this shape.\"  [sketch of the hat].","August 31, 1879:  \"Also dedication by the colored people of their church in our town.  Realized $72. Their presiding elder present. Had good order.\"","September 1, 1879: Rev. Cunningham had gone to District Conference at \"Wainsborough.\"  [Waynesboro].","September 4, 1879:  \"The first issue of the Bridgewater Journal out.\"","September 5, 1879: First issue of the Bridgewater Journal published.  [sketch]","September 6, 1879: Dr. Brown had gone to Rawley Springs to bottle water.","September 14, 1879: Rev Kemper preached in PM.","September 22, 1879:  \"This is Mansipation [sic] Day for the Negroes.\"  [Writes this in big letters and draws four black heads.]","October 2, 1879:  \"A blind black man sung in the African church this evening.\"","October 13, 1879:  \"Cars ran off the track and smashed 11 cars all to pieces, hurt a good many.\" [Smals does not tell where this happened].","October 28, 1879:  \"The winter meeting in the M. E. S. Church still in progress.  Herschel Young professed religion tonight\"","October 29, 1879:  \"547 cattle passed through town today.\"","November 1879-January 1880:  Mentions a lot of religious meetings and conversions.","November 2, 1879: \"56 for church service.  Protracted meeting still going on in M. E. Church.\"  [This revival continued for the first week or two of November]","November 6, 1879:  \"Mr. Sheetz plank mill burnt down with 7,000 feet of lumber.\"","November 8, 1879: \"Several drummers in town today selling goods.\"","November 9, 1879: \"Wofered Vancant struck Joe William with a club at our church door.\"  [sketch of club with word club written on it]  \"John Myers was converted to night about 9 o'clock.\"","November 11, 1879: \"Moffett Miller, Dr. Bucher and Thrush Sellers were all converted.\" [Moffett Miller is commemorated in a stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church].","November 21, 1879: \"I  H. Smals heard a great noise to night in the skyes about 12 o'clock. The Noise was as Distant Thunder.\"  [He noted that the temperature was 8 degrees the next morning.]","December 8, 1879: \"Miss Rosenbaum came to our town to teach music on the piano from Staunton.\"","December 13, 1879:  \"The Tunkard Brethren had quite a revival.  15 were baptized by immersion.  Old man Marshall killed a 568 ¼ pound hog.\"  [Sketch of hog, Smals always reported who all was butchering this time of year]","December 24, 1879: \"Christmas tree in the M.E. Church.  A large attendance on the occasion.  In Shiffletts Hollow, Shifflett killed his brother Shifflett.\"","Christmas Day: \"a ladder at the Methodist Church with presents for the children.\"[This must have been a structure erected for the children's presents].","December 30, 1879:  \"Lutherans locked the Baptist out of their church this evening.\"","January 1, 1880:  \"Rev. Grennan preached in the Dunkard Church on the subject of baptism by immersion-3 times face down.\"","January 13, 1880: \"Miss Mulley Robinson gone home to Harrisonburg with mail wagon.\"","January 18, 1880: \"Preaching at 11 o'clock by Dr. John S. Martin in the M. E. Church.  Quarterly meeting.\"","January 20, 1880:  \"John Allemong elected president of our Narrow Gauge Rail Road.\"","January 21, 1880: \"A cave discovered on Blosser's Farm by Bud Peterson close to Pike about 2 ½ miles this side of Harrisonburg.\"","January 22, 1880: \"The U. B. trustees sold the church to the Baptists for $400.\"","January 24, 1880: \"Some scoundrel stopped my shop chimney up and smoked me powerful.\"","January 28, 1880: \"One hundred cases of smallpox at Culpeper.\"","February 3, 1880: \"The organ for the M. E. Church came this evening.\" [sketch]","February 9, 1880: \"Campbell killed Smith at the Warm Springs today.\"","February 11, 1880: Rev. Grachen preached at M. E. Church.","February 23, 1880: Big fire in Bridgewater.  Destroyed Mr. Byrd's House and stable and burned the houses and out buildings of Mrs. Covington and Mrs. Arey.  $10,000 loss.","March 2, 1880:  \"The chimneys of the burnt houses were thrown down today.  M. E. Church broken into and the organ injured.\"","March 3, 1880: \"The Baltimore Conference met this morning at Front Royal, Warren County.\"","March 4, 1880: \"Wild geese over river today near bridge.\"","March 5, 1880:  \"Mr. Ehrman the Beef man in town today settling with his customers.\"","March 6, 1880:  \"A man here today measured 6'7\" high.  He was a monster.\"","March 22, 1880:  \"John Hatfield puts a roof on Mrs. Covington's dairy.  Commenced this morning for $5.  High winds-could hardly stay on the building.\"","March 31, 1880:  \"The negroes had a fight at Lowman's stable last night.\"","April 2, 1880:  \"A great negro trial at our courthouse.  About 90 persons present.  Jos. Higgins and John Bundy paid a fine of $3.90 each for fighting at the corporation [of Bridgewater.]\"","April 28, 1880: \"George Dinkel and A. H. Smals commence making brick back of the school house.\"","May 6, 1880: \"George Jenkins wife had a child cut from her womb and saved the woman.\"","May 17, 1880:  \"Old Black Aunt Dasha died this evening about 10:00 at Miss May Areys.\"","May 23, 1880: Preaching by Rev. King.","June 3, 1880:  \"Mr. Jacobs wife and others gone to Harrisonburg to see the decorations of the soldiers graves.  A very small crowd present.\"","June 5, 1880:  \"A great Memorial Day at Winchester.  A great many persons present.\"","June 10, 1880:  \"A lawn party at Harrisonburg by the Colored People and the Colored Band attended the party.\"","June 14, 1880: \"Allemong gone to Staunton to close of female school of the M. E. C. South.\"","June 17, 1880: \"Mrs. Goldsmith buried to day in our grave yard and Brother Cunningham preached text Revelation.\"","June 19, 1880:  \"Colored Band went to Newmarket to the Cave.\"","July 2, 1880:  \"The colored people had a festival tonight at their church. Realized $7.30.\"","July 3, 1880: \"Hopewell was elected Sargent [sic] for the Corporation Bridgewater colored people.\"","July 3, 1880:  \"Colored people had another festival. Realized $10.18.\" [White lawn parties Smals mentions raise anywhere from $40-$70].","July 6, 1880: Smith stole George Milstead's watch and about ten dollars in money. [He got it back in the next day or so].[Smals records that Bridgewater had a population of 400 people in July 1880]","July 8, 1880:  \"The amount of population of the encorporation of Bridgewater is 400 white and colored.\"","July 20, 1880: \"T. P. Humphreys gone to Sunday School Convention at Valley Grove between Baltimore and Washington City.\"","July 30, 1880:  \"The Sons of Purity [colored] have a great parade today in Harrisonburg.\"","July 31, 1880:  \"The colored band gone to Pleasant Valley to a picnic.\"","August 6, 1880:  \"Rev Bush and Rev. Wolfe came down the street in a Rockaway and spindle broke and one jumped out the other fell out of the Rockaway and neither got hurt.\"","August 9, 1880:  \"Henry Hocks and T. Sheets had a fight.  Sheets struck H. Hocks with a piece of iron.  It is supposed that Hocks was in fault.\"","August 21, 1880:  \"A good many cattle and sheep gone through our town today.\"","August 22, 1880: Sabbath: \"Preaching by the Tunkards at the far end of town.\"","September 3, 1880:  \"A big watermelon trial between Joseph Nisewander and the Kerecoofs.\"","September 25, 1880:  \"The negroes had a picnic at Mt. Solon today.  The Nigger Band played for them.\"","September 30, 1880:  \"Colored People Village Camp commenced this evening in this place.  A negro show at the River schoolhouse.\"","October 1, 1880: \"Old Uncle Adam Rader has come over to our town at the age of 90 years old.\"","Octpber 19, 1880: \"A big show in Harrisonburg today, a great many persons present.  Some drunk and some sober.\" [sketch of circus tent]","November 11, 1880:  \"Peter Miller gone to West Va. on a preaching ture [sic] today.\"","November 29, 1880: \"I  H. Smals killed my hog today.\"","December 1, 1880: \"Some scoundrel cut the guts of Charley Teters horse this morning.  Mat Barber was arrested for gutting the horse, his trial comes off next Saturday in this place.\"","December 4, 1880: Mat Barber trial commence in old Town Hall. [Smals implies that others were implemented, but the trial outcome is not clear]","December 24, 1880: \"Coldest weather I ever felt or saw.\"","December 31, 1880:  \"25 degrees below zero.   Frank Erwin and Dewit Brown froze their ears stiff.\"","[A note in the back of this book says 32 snows fell in the winter of 1880-81].","January 3, 1881:  \"8 degrees below zero, wood getting very scarce.  E. B. Simpson went to Harrisonburg today with snow shoes, they are about six feet long and six inches wide.  Oh this is fearful weather, a great deal of slaying going on.\"","January 6, 1881: \"Professor Geason gave a Grand Free Exhibition of Scientific Horsemanship today and commenced a class with 20 or more pupils at $2.00 per pupil.\"","January 21, 1881: \"the horse tamer is in our town today.\"","February 6, 1881:  \"Niggers had a fight in African Church tonight.\" [Drew 3 black heads]","February 7, 1881: \"I H. Smals made a pair of boots for a Mr. Stokes that he wore for 25 years, please beat that.  There were 26 persons at the young mens prayer meeting in M.E.C. to night.\"","February 12, 1881:  Sam Williams was fined $10 and bound over the Peace for 12 months. Jos. Williams the same and Oliver Failer was fined $5 and bound over for 12 months for fighting in the African Church last Sunday in Bridgewater, VA.\"","February 17, 1881:  \"Allemony's Cattle Sale today.  His yearlings sold at $16 per head.\"","March 2, 1881: Stuart Lindsey lead union prayer meeting in M. E. Church at 5 o'clock.","March 6, 1881: \"Mr. McNeal came to our town to see his sweet [sketch of heart] and I tell you she is very Handsome.  he lives in Hardy County.\"","March 7, 1881: \"Engineers and Simpson gone on the route of the railroad.\"  [sketch of surveyor's level]  Rev. Mr. Whisner came to Marg Areys.  A good many preachers went through our town to Harrisonburg to Conference.\"","March 27, 1881: Rev. Bush had his first sermon in M. E. Church.","March 28, 1881:  \"Joseph Williams taken to jail by Hopewell for fighting in Methodist Church, Colored.\"","March 29, 1881: \"Joseph Williams taken to jail for fighting in Methodist Church, colored.  The Engineers Simpson and Bell came home from their Byrds Eye Survey.\"","April 1, 1881: Preaching at M. E. Church by Rev. Deans.","April 14, 1881: \"F. K. Speck went after Uncle Adam Rader who died on the 7 of the present month at Culpeper County near Brandy Station.\"","April 16, 1881: \"Uncle Adam Rader has been brought to this town to be buried in our grave yard this evening.\"","April 23, 1881:  Jesse Fry shot Dr. Jones cow in his wheatfield with small shot.\"","May 5, 1881: \"Adam Smals commence the brick church at Mossy Creek today with 6 hands.\"","May 7, 1881:  Colored people's 1st Quarterly meeting held in this place.\"","May 8, 1881: \"Preaching by Rev. Price in M. E. Church at 7 ½   oclock.  Mrs. Stickler lost 2 $5 Dollar Notes some where between the M.E. Church and home.\"","May 24, 1881: \"This is the most powerful year for Locus Blooms I ever saw.  I hope will get a good corncrop.\"","June 15, 1881:  Mr. Wm. S. Perry sold a calf 10 days old for $5.75 to Frank and Will Ervin.\"","June 21, 1881: \"Thrush Sellers finished Mrs. Covington's fence today at $8.00.\"  [sketch of  iron fence]  \"He finished a lattice fence the next day.\" [sketch of lattice fence]","July 1, 1881: \"John Carpenter Brought an Engine Thresher to Bridgewater.  Daily mail commences between Bridgewater and Stribling Springs.\"","July 2, 1881: \"Quarterly meeting commences this morning at Sangerville.  Presiding elder is I. S. Martin.  President Garfield was Shot in the City of Washington, District of Columbia.\"","July 8, 1881:  \"A Colored Festival in Mt. Sidney today and night.  Realized $50.\"","July 13, 1881: \"Dr. Brown tapped Mrs. Showalter near Mt. Solon, 10 pints of water from her abdomen.\"  [Dr. Brown was often noted being present at births].","July 18, 1881: \"Dr. Brown had the first Roastnears in our town.\"  [sketched ear of corn] \"GrandMaster Crowder from Staunton will be with us in our lodge tonight as Odfellows.\"  [Belongs to Ancient Odfellows of Bridgewater Lodge.  Frequently writes in some kind of \"lodge code\"]","July 21, 1881:  \"The Negro Band gone 4 miles above Staunton today to a lawn party.  They get $10 for the trip.\"","July 24, 1881:  \"Mr. Looses, Mr. Hartman's, Mr. Minoss, and Mr. Allemony's cows died from eating molasses cane today.\"","July 26, 1881:  \"John Allemony's other cow is very sick.  A Negro shot himself near Mt. Solon today with a pistol accidental.\"","July 29, 1881:  \"The Colored People have a Lawn Party in our Odfellow Hall tonight and tomorrow night.\"  [Aug. 10 and 11-White lawn party held on school grounds]","August 20, 1881: \"Cora Crickenberger cut her throat and stabbed her self in the head two or three times.\"","August 23, 1881: \"This day District Conference commence 2 oclock in M. E. Church.  Preachers present.  Conference organized at 3 oclock this evening, John S. Martin in the chair, a good many preachers present and a large Lay Delegation Present.  Preaching at 8 oclock this evening by  Rev. A Weller.  Conference lasted all week.\"","August 29, 1881: \"all the preachers gone home today.\"","September 2, 1881: \"Mrs. B. Kyles lamp exploded this evening but did not hurt any one.\"","September 4, 1881: Rev. Tailor had prayer meeting at M. E. Church.","September 9, 1881:  \"A Lawn Festival held in M. E. Church lot to night, Realised about $25.\"","September 10, 1881:  \"Festival Lawn Party tonight in churchyard.  Colored People have a picknick [sic] today at their church.\"","September 20, 1881:  \"Shef Lewis and Wise fought a duel today.  Neither of them hurt.\"","September 22, 1881: \"Henry Smals I appoint you as Stuart for the Corporation of Bridgewater Council given under my hand for the sum of two Dollars for Services Commencing on the first of July 1881 and Closing July 1, 1882.\" _ M. Stickler, Mayor","September 24, 1881:  \"A Lawn Party at Mt. Solon by the colored people.\"","September 25, 1881: Rev. Hildebrand preached at M. E. Church.","October 1, 1881:  \"Colored band gone out to play for a picknick near Pleasant Valley in Rockingham County.\"","October 5, 1881:  \"James Clary open his Degarian [?] Saloon at Robert Funks.\"","October 6-7, 1881:  \"Colored at Allemony's this evening at 8:00. . . .Colored meeting still going on in this town.\"","November 13, 1881: \"Mrs. Arey came home today. Sabbath morning class at the usual hour 9 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 ½  oclock.  Prayer meeting at M. E. Church 7 oclock.\"","November 18, 1881: \"Clear and Warm. A Great Republican procession in Harrisonburg to night, Governor Walker came to our town.\"","November 19, 1881:  \"Rev Perrys children all have the Hooping Cough.  Some of them very poorly tonight.\"","November 20, 1881: \"Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev Hildebrand.\"","November 21, 1881: Court Day.   \"Professor Steel commence his Wrighting School today.\"  [sketch of quill] \"N. Marion Miller gone to Het Smals to do sowing for them.\"","November 22, 1881: Cloudy and cool.  \"Stuart Lindsay has gone to Monterey to see his sick wife.\"","November 27, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.  Mrs. J Lindsey and T Lindsey came from Monterey this evening.  Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 1, 1881: \"Dr. T. H. Brown gone to Moorefield Hardy County to see his daughter Verdie Mcneal [McNeil]…  Mr. Jos Byrd move to his new house today.\"  [sketch of 2 story house with 2 chimneys, Smals sketches of houses that people bought and sold often show details which were probably characteristic to the particular house]","December 4, 1881: Preaching at 11 o'clock by Rev. Bush.","December 6, 1881: \"Stuart Lindseys wife some better.\"","December 10, 1881: \"P. Miller gone to Broadway to see about the schoolhouse to be built here or at Broadway.\"","December 11, 1881: \"No preaching in town today.\"","December 12, 1881: \"Cloudy and threaten for snow cold weather.\"","December 14, 1881: \"Snowed through the night one inch in depth.\" [drew a one inch purple line]","December 16, 1881: \"Stuart Lindsey and wife came home from her Father's at Monterey, She is right peart.\"","December 25, 1881: Sabbath morning clear and cold this is Christmas Day. Prayer Meeting at 5 oclock, Class meeting at 9 oclock , No preaching at 11 oclock, Sabbath school at 2 oclock, Preaching at 6 ½  oclock by Rev D. Bush.","December 26, 1881: \"Professor Hull commenced his singing school today.\"","December 27, 1881: \"Peter Miller is receiving contribution of the German Baptist Formal School to be established at this place.\"","December 28, 1881: Clear and warm.  \"the Baptist members are moving their church back 6 feet today. D. John Allemong sick.\"","January 4, 1882: \"John Allemong very sick.  Allemong has Nierulalgia of the Bowels.  8 inches of snow.\"","January 5, 1882: \"Allemong no better.\"","January 6, 1882: \"J.W. F. Allemong no better\"","January 10, 1882: \"Street Lamps made for the Corporation, they will be put in a short time.\"  [sketch of lamp]","January 11, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong some better.\"","January 17, 1882: \"Allemong still improving, able to get up and be shaved.\"","January 18, 1882: \"the Ladies are holding a Missionary metng this afternoon in M. E. Church at 3 ½ oclock.\"","January 20, 1882: \"John W. F. Allemong improving very fast\"","January 24, 1882: \"Allemong has gotten well\"","January 27, 1882: Jury brought in a verdict, that Guitttoes [sic] committed Murder in first Degree for killing President Garfield.\"","February 2, 1882:  \"groundhog day: He saw his shadow.\"  [Smals drew a sketch of a ground hog every year, but his drawings resembled a cat more than a ground hog]  \"Allemong hauling ice from Factory and Robert Wrights Ponds.\"","February 10, 1882: \"Charley Schenk fell in the Creek\"","February 12, 1882: Preaching at 11 oclock by Rev. Hildebrand.","February 15, 1882:  \"Miss Ryan buried in our graveyard today at 3 oclock   Funeral preached by Rev Hildebrand.\"","February 17, 1882:  \"Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church, realized $21.50 Dollars.  John Allemong Enlarged his office to day.\"","February 18, 1882:  \"Adjourned Quarterly meeting met in Allemong's Office today.  Oyster supper this evening for the Benefit of the M. E. Church.  Realized [?]  Dollars.\"","February 19, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev Rosebrow in M. E. Church at 7 oclock.  Mrs. McNeil of Hardy County Dr. Browns Daughter had a son born today at Dr. Browns.\"","February 21, 1882: \"Uncommon windy and Storm and uncommon muddy…  Rev. Kinzer came to our town today.\"","February 22, 1882: \"Rev. Kinzer preached for us.  Click Miller, Ad Hollum, Walter Davis and John Allemong bought the wood factory and Foundrey for the sum of $9000 Dollars.\"","February 25, 1882: \"A Great many Deprecations acted tonight by the Boys, Shooting, Cursing, Swearing and being Drunk.\"","February 26, 1882: \"Preaching in M.E. Church by Rev Bush and Sacrament of the Lords Supper.  Hopewell shot a chicken for Salley Fitchew.  Laurence fired a pistol also on the Sabbath.\"","March 2, 1882: \"Queen Victoria was shot and mist her.\"","March 6, 1882: \"Preachers all fixing to go to Conference.\"","March 8, 1882: \"Sheets sold his Hartman Lot and house to J. W. F. Allemong for the sum of $200 dollars.\"","March 14, 1882: \"Stuart Lindseys wife very poorly.\"","March 16, 1882:  \"Rev. Hildebrand came back from Conference today to our town.\"","March 17, 1882: \"Joseph Attaffer died this morning at 1 oclock.\"","March 18, 1882: \"Saturday morning cloudy sleet and Rain  Rained all day long,   Joseph Attaffer buried today.\"","March 22, 1882: \"Dog bit Eugene Ervin in the hand this morning very badly.\"","March 26, 1882: \"David Bush preached.\"","April 2, 1882: Rev. Whitescarver preached.","April 7, 1882: \"Widow John Arey died this morning.\"","April 16, 1882: \"Preaching by Rev. Tailor at Barbees Office.\"","April 17, 1882: \"Jacob Wynant's Horse Run off.  It went home and never Broke his Buggy.\"","April 20, 1882: \"Joseph Beery Hung himself in his grainery this morning about 5 oclock on Linville Creek the cause not known. Jack Thuma killed a large loon.\"  [sketch]  [Smals wrote of at least four horse-runoff episodes during April].","April 24, 1882: \"Mrs. Stuart Lindsey Died at Jacob Lindseys House…\"","May 4, 1882: \"The smallest Baby Born to day in the world some where in the north, it weighed 8 ounces and was perfect child.\"","May 5, 1882: \"The Mossy Creek folks settled with Allemong to day for the church.\"","May 6, 1882: \"A waggon Run over G. Claude Smals to day and Did not Break any of his Limbs.\"","May 11, 1882: \"The Presbyterian Church was dedicated to Day.\"","May 18, 1882: \"A fish and meat house opened here to day.\"","May 28, 1882: \"Rev. Armstrong preached the Dedicatory sermon for the Mt. Solon Church to day and Realized money enough to the pay the Deposit on the Church which was $300.\"","June 6, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage House today.\"","June 15, 1882: \"Jack Dooms finished the Parsonage Stable today.\"","June 18, 1882: Rev. Bush preached.","June 19, 1882: \"Isac Marshall Bought a Cow of Mr. Brown for a price of $45.00   She is a full Jersey.\"","July 24, 1882: \"11 Wagons went through town for Blackberries to Parnassus, 50 bushels to town\"","August 1, 1882: \"A new Barbershop by Barber and John Collbert commenced to day.\"","August 8, 1882: \"I H. Smals had the pleasure of shaving Francis O'ferell the Colonels Brother from Minnesota, he came to our town to see his Mother.\"","August 17, 1882: Commenced laying Brick on the Bank to day.\"","September 9, 1882: \"Overseer of the Poor took Peachy Hoak to the Poorhouse to day\"","September 12, 1882: \"I H. Smals was Disfranchised as Sexton and P. Hartman was put in my place.\"\n[This undoubtedly pertains to the Methodist Church].","September 14, 1882: \"Scaffold at Bank fell and hurt 3.\"","September 23, 1882: \"Meinars Jim Dog died to day.\"","October 2, 1882: \"the Great Comet made its appearance this morning in the East.\"","October 4, 1882: \"H. Dice sold a lot to Casper Earheart for $100, 1 ¼ acre.  Thrush Sellers Bilds Mrs. Williams a house for $600 on High Street.\"","October 22, 1882: Preaching by Rev. Hildebrand.","October 23, 1882: \"Humphreys Loose got his new engine this evening, it cost about $1200.\"","December 25, 1882: \"Jack Higgins and Jack Jones were tried and convicted for stealing and sent to jail.\"","December 26, 1882: \"A Christmas tree for benefit of the Sabbath School Children.  Speech from Rev. D. Bush.\"  [sketch of Christmas Arch]Jan 24: \"Old Brother John Altaffer Died in this Place this evening about 4 oclock at age of 84 ½  years old, he has been a Methodist for 65 year and over.\" [Commemorated in stained glass window in Bridgewater United Methodist Church.]","January 26, 1883: Rev Bush preached Altaffer's funeral.","April 6, 1883: \"Our young Preacher Waters came to town this evening from Maeraland [Maryland].\"","June 1, 1883:  \"Colored boy died of scarlet fever [age 16] and buried in colored graveyard.\"","June 24, 1883: Dr. Folensher preached.","June 25, 1883:  \"A great many persons harvesting today-wheat very good.\"","June 30, 1883:  \"Burn and Elam fought a duel near Wainsborough.  Elam got a flesh wound; the other was not touched.\"","July 1, 1883: Preaching by Rev. Waters","July 8, 1883:  \"Our choir sung for the colored people today at 11:00.  Rev. B. Smith preached-a colored man.\" [Sunday]","July 11, 1883: \"The Wizard men came to our town this evening and will stay until next Sabbath.\"","July 12, 1883: \"Mr. Allemong and family gone to White Sulphur Springs to stay for 3 weeks.\"","July 14, 1883:   Talks about a \"wizard man\" being in town for the week selling medicine.","July 25, 1883: \"Hanger and wife joined the M.E. Church to night.\"","July 29, 1883: Henry Smals granddaughter Sallie Miller married Samuel Boselmen.","August 4, 1883: \"My Birth day.  I H. Smals was born on the 4 August 1810 Saturday in afternoon at 3 oclock near the head of Muddy Creek about 2 miles of the head of Linville Creek and Bowmans Mill.\"","August 20, 1883:  \"George E. Dunnell killed a Negro.  Shot him in self-defense.\"","September 20, 1883:  \"Mr. George Murry's ondley daughter [age 11] got killed at a cane mill.  The shaft caught her clothes and thread her around and beat her head soft.\"","November 8, 1883: \"Dr. Brown and Robert Whitescarver have a Quarrel in our Shop this morning, but Did not come to blows.\"","November 12, 1883: \"Dock Van Pelt moved to Sangersville, he has moved 18 times in 6 years.\"","December 28, 1883:  \"A black man from Rockbridge County came to our town and married Black Maria Huldey yesterday in the African Church.\"","December 31, 1883:  \"Watch meting to night in M. E. Church. Oyster supper by the colored people in Odfellows Hall.\"","January 1, 1884:  \"Oyster supper by the Odfellows tonight in Odfellows Hall.  Everybody invited. Uncommonly cold; scarlet fever very bad in the area; ice 6\" frozen.\"","February 4, 1884:  \"Mrs. Young was laying out a woman who had died and got some gastric juices on a sore on her hand and now suffers very much in consequence of it.\" [She was sick for about a week; Smals doesn't mention her after that.]","February 26, 1884: \"Dr. Jones Drugstore caught on fire and burt up all his drugs and medcane [sic].  Did not burn the store house.\"","May 11, 1884:  \"Colored people had their first Quarterly meeting at this place today.\"","May 24, 1884:  \"William Fishback and a black man had a fight.  Fishback struck the negro in the head with a rock and Fishback had to pay a fine and cost which was $4.45.\"","May 31, 1884:  A great \"bass ball\" game.  Bridgewater 28 Harrisonburg 25 and 2 whitewashes.","June 11, 1884:  \"David Hooks whipped his sister with a yardstick this morning and left marks on her boddie.\"","June 13, 1884:  \"Brady and Wine killed their first beef this evening.  Going to butcher all summer.\"","June 15, 1884 : \"Lighting struck Rev. Raley [Lutheran] near Mt. Crawford and knocked his horse down but did not kill either of them.\"","June 18, 1884: \"All the presses and other tools to Bridgewater this evening to make cigars.\" [sketch of cigar]","July 19, 1884:  \"Nute Fry commenced butchering and selling beef in Bridgewater this morning.\"","August 1884:  [Several mentions of a cigar/tobacco factory.]","August 6, 1884: \"Old Jimmie Coakley, colored, died today near Rushville at the age of 110 years old.\"","August 10, 1884: \"Sabbath Morning, Warm Cloudy.  Rained some last night.  This is Childrens Day with the M.E.C.S.  The collection amounted to 10 dollars.  Preaching by Rev. Waters at 11 oclock.  Exercises at 2 oclock, also at night.\"","August 16, 1884: \"Professor Hoover and Professor Hulvey came to our town.  Spoke in the Old Town Hall as Democrats.\"\n[At this time Rev. Campbell was preaching in the Lutheran Church and Rev. Clark in the Baptist Church.  Smals usually mentioned the services in Lutheran and Baptist Churches].","August 30, 1884:  Cigar boys played and beat Bridgewater boys in baseball.","September 3, 1884: \"Uncle Jake Hesberger raised a watermelon that weighed 47 ¾ pounds.\"","September 7, 1884: Rev. Linch preached in M.E.C.S Church.","September 13, 1884: \"A fellow going to walk on a Rope started from J. Dinkles to the top of the old Tavern.\"","September 20, 1884:  \"The colored people have a local Preachers Convention here-will continue over Sunday.\"","September 21, 1884:  \"Preaching at colored church by colored preacher.  Fifteen local preachers present at the Convention.  Large crowd of colored people present.  Collected $30.\"","September 22, 1884: \"Jacob Bierly and son were killed in the well by foul air.\"","October 5, 1884: Rev. Ross preaching at M. E. C.","November 1, 1884: \"Mrs. Showalter Beat a little child today Black and Blue.  She was arrested and had her trial.  Paid the Corporation $5.00 and $25.00 to the County Court.\"","December 6, 1884:  \"A negro shot another negro in Harrisonburg last night.  He was caught and lodged in jail to await trial.\"","December 25, 1884: Thursday Morning Clear.  \"Very cold this Christmas Day, Plenty of ice on the River   Boys skating and shooting.\"","December 26, 1884: \"I H. Smals Eat a fine Dinner at George Hangers.\"","December 27, 1884: \"Oyster supper to night by the Masons at Will Areys.\"","January 12, 1885: \"The Cigar Boys commence making cigars today.\"  [Smals makes frequent  references to the \"cigar boys\" working in the cigar factory in Bridgewater]","January 18, 1885: \"Old Mr. Hailman fell through the Bridge and Caught himself before he got to the water.\" [Smals had been writing regularly of work on the bridge]","January 24, 1885: \"William H. Grove finished the Bridge today.  Got $56 for his 16 days work.\"","February 21, 1885: \"21 below zero.\"","March 11, 1885:  \"Nuten Smals came here from Hampshire County.  Brown Smals and Thomas Smals came to my house to day from Berkley County near Williamsport W.Va. to purchase cattle.\"","March 18, 1885: \"Our Preachers have come from Conference to day.  Rev Dice the Presiding Elder and Rev Lynch and Prettiman [Prettyman] the Senior and Junior Preacher for one Year.\"","March 21, 1885: \"Dam frozen over to night, never was known to freeze over in March before.\"","March 22, 1885: Preaching by Rev. Reade [Reid?]","March 24, 1885: \"Old Miller Areys sale today on Muddy Creek.\"","March 25, 1885: \"Hales engine went through our town this morning.\"","March 27, 1885: \"A Degarion [?] car came to town today.\" [sketch of train car, maybe an early photo studio?]","March 28, 1885: \"The dogs killed a parse of sheep for John Allemong this morning. John Allemong discharged 6 of his cigar men.  Only 4 rollers left and 2 packers.\"","April 3, 1885: [Good Friday.]  \"This is the day our Savior was crucified nearly 1900 years ago.\" [sketch of cross]","April 10, 1885:  \"The old Brick Shop that I Built 1840, 44 years ago, they are taring down to Build Drivers House.\"","April 12, 1885: \"Bettie Brown joined the M. E. Church South.\"","April 16, 1885: \"John Fisher rented the Lower Room of the Odd Fellows for the sum of  Two Dollars per month…\"","April 18, 1885: \"The first Quarterly Conference held in this place.   Presiding Elder present and both of the preachers on the Sircuit present and a good many of the Official Body present.  Brother Lynch gone to Spring Hill to hold a Quarterly meeting for the presiding Elders.  Brother Prettyman preached at night at 7 ½  oclock.\"","April 21, 1885:  \"Burk Sellers cow had twin calves.\"","April 22, 1885: Moses Stickler had been recommended as Post Master in Bridgewater.","April 26, 1885:  \"Two bysicles in our town.  Came from Harrisonburg in 52 minutes.\"","April 28, 1885:  \"J.W.S. commenced getting new milk of Mrs. Jenkins today at 6 cents per quart.\"","May 6, 1885:  \"Dinkel hired a bisicle in Harrisonburg to learn to ride on.\"","May 15, 1885: \"My Daughter Annie Died to night at 10 oclock.  She was 42 years and some month old.\"","May 20, 1885: \"Richard Berlin put a whistle on his engine today.\"","June 8, 1885: \"Shifflett stabbedd Riddle 2 times in the side.  The one stab is supposed to be fatal.\"","June 13, 1885:  \"Dr. Johnson's cow had 2 calves this morning.\"","July 1, 1885:  Post Office opened and first day of mail service in Bridgewater area.  Carriers going to Stribling Springs and Harrisonburg.","July 24, 1885:  \"2 Negroes broke open wines at Funkhouser store and stole 2 suit of clothing, coffee and sugar, and other articles. A black woman found under a hay stack with her throat cut from ear to ear in Augusta County, VA.\"","August 7, 1885:  \"Colored people had a Festival tonight at the Old Town Hall\" [3 sketches of black heads].","August 8. 1885:  \"Colored people continue their festival tonight.  Colored people have a Quarterly meeting on Crawford's farm today and tomorrow.\"","March 8, 1886:  \"The Colored Minstrel Singers came to our town today and sing tonight in the M.E. Church.  Colored in this town a perfect Humbug.\"","April 15, 1886:  \"The colored Preacher came here on his circuit today.\"","May 7, 1886:  Notes marriage of 2 coloreds with a squiggly circle drawing.  \"Wm. Branson to Allace Brookins\"","May 26, 1886:  \"Charley Stuart moved in Berlintown in Joseph Nielwanders house.  He is a colored man.\" [sketch of black man's head].","June 1, 1886:  \"Mat Barber's child buried today in the Colored Graveyard in this town today at 11 o'clock.  Colored boy Joseph Riggle came to our town today to work in the factory.\"","June 11, 1886:  \"John Wine's wife had twins and two days afterward his cow had twin calves.\" [sketch of twin calves]","June 14, 1886:  \"The Colored people have a Picknick tonight for the benefit of their Preacher.\"","Summer of 1886:  Talks a lot about farmers harvesting their wheat all over and in July \"people are thrashing all over.\"","August 1, 1886:  \"The Colored People had a Bush meeting near Mt. Crawford.\"","August 2, 1886:  \"A great show at the African church tonight by the colored folks.\"  [Pasted a picture of black musicians surrounded by violins, banjos and other instruments]","August 30, 1886:  \"Jackson Doomer's cow died this morning.\"","September 4, 1886:  \"Another bucher shop opened near Allemony's store.\"","September 18, 1886:  \"Mr. Isaac Marshall weighed his big hog today at 705 pounds.\"","October 16, 1886:  \"Colored Quarterly meeting commenced today in Bridgewater.\"","October 19, 1886:  \"Henry Dice and Frank Irvin came home from Pokehunters to bring his cattle home.\"","November 22, 1886:  \"Sanger Brothers started a Creamery today in Bridgewater.\"","February 15, 1887:  Josie Wise, colored, buried in the Colored Graveyard today at 11 o'clock.  A great many colored persons present.\"","On speech:  [Smals spells the railroad president's name \"Auther Vandabilt\"]","On blacks:  [Frequently mentions when they are born, married, and died and usually draws head sketches.]","On travel:  [In 1877 a trip to Harrisonburg took 4 hours.]"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8d4b0f6af460a047d246ff4686ce4549\"\u003eThe Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\"\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Henry Smals Diaries, 1871-1891, consist of three boxes containing eighteen volumes of diaries written by Henry Smals of Bridgewater, Virginia. The topics of diary entries are brief outlining day-to-day activities. A folder, located in Box 3, contains a partial index and a list of highlights for most volumes as well as an ad for \"Henry Smals, Fashionable Barber! Main Street, Bridgewater, Va.\""],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892"],"famname_ssim":["Smalls family"],"persname_ssim":["Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society","Smalls family","Smals, Henry, 1810-1892","Hotchkiss, Jedediah, 1828-1899"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":19,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_250_c12"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","parent_ssim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_232"],"title_filing_ssi":"Walton and Walton Law Firm Records","title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"text":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","box 1","folder 1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1900"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_232.xml","title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"text":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History","Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.","Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"collection_ssim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"acqinfo_ssim":["All items were present in an area of the stacks called the Cage in September 1982, when the Special Collections program was initiated."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f121288041a419e990db15f12e027bd\"\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232_c01"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_232.xml","title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"text":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History","Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.","Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"collection_ssim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"acqinfo_ssim":["All items were present in an area of the stacks called the Cage in September 1982, when the Special Collections program was initiated."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f121288041a419e990db15f12e027bd\"\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_232","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_232.xml","title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1859-1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1900"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1900"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"text":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900","SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232","Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History","Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.","Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.","The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"collection_ssim":["Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859/1900"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0073","/repositories/4/resources/232"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.) -- History","Woodstock (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"acqinfo_ssim":["All items were present in an area of the stacks called the Cage in September 1982, when the Special Collections program was initiated."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Law firms -- Virginia -- Woodstock","Letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 1 folder (47 items)"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically in a legal sized folder."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWayland, John W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA History of Rockingham County, Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wayland, John W. A History of Rockingham County, Virginia. Dayton, Virginia: Ruebush-Elkins Company, 1912."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, are representative of the Walton and Walton Law Firm of Woodstock, Virginia. The Walton and Walton Firm was founded in the 1830s and operated until the 1930s. Various generations of Walton family members have distinguished themselves as lawyers and statesmen, including: George Walton, signer of the Declaration of Independence from Georgia, born in Virginia; and Morgan Lauck Walton, member of the firm and state senator responsible for enacting the Walton (ballot) Law of the 1890s.","Several documents (mainly correspondence) within the collection represent John Edwin Roller, a prominent citizen of Rockingham County. Born near Mt. Crawford, Virginia, in 1845, Roller was a lawyer, lecturer, and antiquarian in Rockingham County. Roller attended the Virginia Military Institute and graduated in 1863. He served in the Confederate Army during the Civil War and served as a senator from 1869-1873. In January 1872, Roller became major-general of the 3rd division of the Virginia Militia. Roller also served as the president of the Rockingham County Historical Society."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], [box #, folder #], Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, SC 0073, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 1755."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist of one folder of 47 items. The collection consists primarily of correspondence between attorneys, such as John E. Roller, clients and representatives of the Walton and Walton Law Firm. Also included are notes, summaries of legal cases, and documentation of legal transactions, such as deed transference and settlements of estates, especially the Jacob Dinges estate. Other names that are seen throughout the collection are: Allen, Cook, and Williams."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).None."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_4f121288041a419e990db15f12e027bd\"\u003eThe Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Walton and Walton Law Firm Records, 1859-1900, consist primarily of client correspondence, notes, summaries of legal cases (including Walton vs. Williams, Allen vs. Walton), and the settlement of the Jacob Dinges Estate of Woodstock, VA. Several documents in this collection involve John Edwin Roller, 1845-1918, lawyer, soldier, lecturer, and antiquarian of Rockingham County."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"famname_ssim":["Walton family"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Walton \u0026 Walton (Firm)","Walton family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:12.722Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_232"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_297#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Wampler family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_297#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_297#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_297.xml","title_ssm":["Wampler Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wampler Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1798-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1798-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1798/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962"],"text":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962","SC 0150","/repositories/4/resources/297","Sunny Slope (Dayton, Va. : Estate)","Dayton (Va.) -- Industries -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Surveying","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Genealogy","Family-owned business enterprises -- Virginia","Agricultural industries -- Equipment and supplies","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Agricultural extension workers","Farm management","Farm supplies","Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.)","Poultry -- Virginia -- Rockingham County","Poultry -- Breeding","Poultry -- Hatcheries","Poultry industry","Poultry -- Management","Poultry -- Processing","Broilers (Poultry) -- Economic aspects -- Virginia","Seed industry and trade -- History","Seed industry and trade -- Equipment and supplies","Legal documents","Financial Records","Family papers","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","This collection is arranged topically into five folders.","Wampler, Charles W. My Grandfather, my grandchildren, and me; an autobiography. Harrisonburg, VA. Dayton, VA: Shenandoah Press, 1968.","The Wamplers have been one of the most influential families in Rockingham County, Virginia. John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966.","This collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095.","Wampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.","The collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. Of particular interest is an 1844 patent describing an improved Wheat Farm invented by David Watkins of Port Republic, with a receipt for purchase by John Wampler of exclusive rights to use it. There is also the will of John Wampler from 1861, with 1863 codicil. Financial documents include promissory notes, receipts for miscellaneous purchases, and receipts for inheritance monies received. A stock certificate for Mt. Jackson and Howard's Lick Turnpike Co., a sale of right to use Cray's Washing Machine from 1872, letterhead receipts for sales by Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co., and receipts for payment of yearly toll on Warm Springs and Harrisonburg Turnpike are also included. Agricultural information is comprised of lists of books, three photos, several brochures produced by Wampler's Feed \u0026 Seed Co. describing the poultry business. The Yearbook of Agriculture is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry.","A photocopy of Wampler's Practical Turkey Methods, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962"],"collection_ssim":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0150","/repositories/4/resources/297"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0150","/repositories/4/resources/297"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Sunny Slope (Dayton, Va. : Estate)","Dayton (Va.) -- Industries -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Surveying","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"geogname_ssim":["Sunny Slope (Dayton, Va. : Estate)","Dayton (Va.) -- Industries -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Surveying","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"places_ssim":["Sunny Slope (Dayton, Va. : Estate)","Dayton (Va.) -- Industries -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Surveying","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Genealogy"],"creator_ssm":["Wampler family","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017"],"creator_ssim":["Wampler family","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence"],"creators_ssim":["Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wamplers have been one of the most influential families in Rockingham County, Virginia. John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. Of particular interest is an 1844 patent describing an improved Wheat Farm invented by David Watkins of Port Republic, with a receipt for purchase by John Wampler of exclusive rights to use it. There is also the will of John Wampler from 1861, with 1863 codicil. Financial documents include promissory notes, receipts for miscellaneous purchases, and receipts for inheritance monies received. A stock certificate for Mt. Jackson and Howard's Lick Turnpike Co., a sale of right to use Cray's Washing Machine from 1872, letterhead receipts for sales by Wampler Feed \u0026amp; Seed Co., and receipts for payment of yearly toll on Warm Springs and Harrisonburg Turnpike are also included. Agricultural information is comprised of lists of books, three photos, several brochures produced by Wampler's Feed \u0026amp; Seed Co. describing the poultry business. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYearbook of Agriculture\u003c/emph\u003e is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.","The collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. Of particular interest is an 1844 patent describing an improved Wheat Farm invented by David Watkins of Port Republic, with a receipt for purchase by John Wampler of exclusive rights to use it. There is also the will of John Wampler from 1861, with 1863 codicil. Financial documents include promissory notes, receipts for miscellaneous purchases, and receipts for inheritance monies received. A stock certificate for Mt. Jackson and Howard's Lick Turnpike Co., a sale of right to use Cray's Washing Machine from 1872, letterhead receipts for sales by Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co., and receipts for payment of yearly toll on Warm Springs and Harrisonburg Turnpike are also included. Agricultural information is comprised of lists of books, three photos, several brochures produced by Wampler's Feed \u0026 Seed Co. describing the poultry business. The Yearbook of Agriculture is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA photocopy of Wampler's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePractical Turkey Methods\u003c/emph\u003e, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A photocopy of Wampler's Practical Turkey Methods, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1b154fc806479b01279f5a6a17a11ff1\"\u003eThe Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"famname_ssim":["Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_297","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_297.xml","title_ssm":["Wampler Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wampler Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1798-1962"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1798-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1798/1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962"],"text":["Wampler Family Papers, 1798/1962","SC 0150","/repositories/4/resources/297","Sunny Slope (Dayton, Va. : Estate)","Dayton (Va.) -- Industries -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Rockingham County (Va.) -- Surveying","Virginia -- History, Local","Virginia -- Genealogy","Family-owned business enterprises -- Virginia","Agricultural industries -- Equipment and supplies","Agriculture -- Economic aspects","Agricultural extension workers","Farm management","Farm supplies","Poultry -- Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966.","This collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095.","Wampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.","The Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.","The collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. 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The Yearbook of Agriculture is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry.","A photocopy of Wampler's Practical Turkey Methods, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. 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Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged topically into five folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged topically into five folders."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eWampler, Charles W. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMy Grandfather, my grandchildren, and me; an autobiography\u003c/emph\u003e. Harrisonburg, VA. Dayton, VA: Shenandoah Press, 1968.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Wampler, Charles W. My Grandfather, my grandchildren, and me; an autobiography. Harrisonburg, VA. Dayton, VA: Shenandoah Press, 1968."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wamplers have been one of the most influential families in Rockingham County, Virginia. John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wamplers have been one of the most influential families in Rockingham County, Virginia. John Wampler and family, members of the Brethren Church, moved from Pennsylvania to the Timberville area of the county in 1811. In 1871, John Wampler III purchased a farm in Dayton that he named Sunny Slope and built a house there. His son, Charles W., began various agricultural experiments, particularly in poultry raising, and was one of the earliest farmers to hatch eggs in incubators. He served as the first Rockingham County Extension Agent and in 1927, with two brothers, founded the Wampler Feed and Seed Company. His son Charles Jr., born at Sunny Slope in 1915, continued and furthered these business ventures and community endeavors, including serving in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1954-1966."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box#, folder #], Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box#, folder #], Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, SC 0150, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection was minimally reprocessed in February 2018. At this time the collection was renamed to Wampler Family Papers, a change from the Charles W. Wampler Jr. Collection, to more accurately describe the contents. In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in the spring of 2017. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 3095."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Wampler Business Records, 1918-1972, SC 0202, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.","WLR Foods records, 1984-2002, SC 0112, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. Of particular interest is an 1844 patent describing an improved Wheat Farm invented by David Watkins of Port Republic, with a receipt for purchase by John Wampler of exclusive rights to use it. There is also the will of John Wampler from 1861, with 1863 codicil. Financial documents include promissory notes, receipts for miscellaneous purchases, and receipts for inheritance monies received. A stock certificate for Mt. Jackson and Howard's Lick Turnpike Co., a sale of right to use Cray's Washing Machine from 1872, letterhead receipts for sales by Wampler Feed \u0026amp; Seed Co., and receipts for payment of yearly toll on Warm Springs and Harrisonburg Turnpike are also included. Agricultural information is comprised of lists of books, three photos, several brochures produced by Wampler's Feed \u0026amp; Seed Co. describing the poultry business. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYearbook of Agriculture\u003c/emph\u003e is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Wampler Family Papers, 1798-1962, consist of five folders of letters, deeds, and agricultural information from 1798 to 1962 related to the Wampler family of Dayton, Virginia. The collection is arranged topically into five folders.","The collection is comprised of family papers which includes mostly letters on agricultural, family, and church matters and an 1871-1971 Wampler Family Reunion booklet; land surveys; and legal documents containing mostly tax receipts and deeds. Of particular interest is an 1844 patent describing an improved Wheat Farm invented by David Watkins of Port Republic, with a receipt for purchase by John Wampler of exclusive rights to use it. There is also the will of John Wampler from 1861, with 1863 codicil. Financial documents include promissory notes, receipts for miscellaneous purchases, and receipts for inheritance monies received. A stock certificate for Mt. Jackson and Howard's Lick Turnpike Co., a sale of right to use Cray's Washing Machine from 1872, letterhead receipts for sales by Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co., and receipts for payment of yearly toll on Warm Springs and Harrisonburg Turnpike are also included. Agricultural information is comprised of lists of books, three photos, several brochures produced by Wampler's Feed \u0026 Seed Co. describing the poultry business. The Yearbook of Agriculture is heavily annotated with many inserts and notes, as well as information sheets and brochures, mostly concerning poultry."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA photocopy of Wampler's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePractical Turkey Methods\u003c/emph\u003e, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["A photocopy of Wampler's Practical Turkey Methods, (Harrisonburg, Va: 1929) was removed from the boxed collection and placed in Special Collections' book collection for ease of use, and given the call number SF507.W36 1929. A second photocopy is also available in Carrier Library's circulating collection"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk. (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1b154fc806479b01279f5a6a17a11ff1\"\u003eThe Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Wampler Family Papers contain family items, legal and financial documents, and agricultural information related to the Wampler family in Dayton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"famname_ssim":["Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence"],"persname_ssim":["Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- History","Wampler Feed \u0026 Seed Co. -- Catalogs","Wampler family","Wampler family -- Correspondence","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","Wampler, Charles Weldon, Sr., 1885-1976","Wampler, John, 1768-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_297"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_334#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_334#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_334.xml","title_ssm":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1880"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"text":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880","SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334","Hardy County (W. Va.) -- Geneology -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. 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Book-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"collection_ssim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hardy County (W. 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Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copybooks -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Sources","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copybooks -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Sources","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 folders","0.12 Gigabytes 3 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 folders","0.12 Gigabytes 3 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X3W-S9J?cc=1420440\u0026amp;wc=MJC6-92Q%3A1042937501%2C1042951501%2C1042951502 : 22 May 2014), Virginia \u0026gt; Augusta \u0026gt; Augusta county \u0026gt; image 28-29 of 61; citing NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eDepartment of Historic Resources. \"Willow Spout,\" Marker A-99, 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X3W-S9J?cc=1420440\u0026wc=MJC6-92Q%3A1042937501%2C1042951501%2C1042951502 : 22 May 2014), Virginia \u003e Augusta \u003e Augusta county \u003e image 28-29 of 61; citing NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).","Department of Historic Resources. \"Willow Spout,\" Marker A-99, 1992."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJackson, William. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBook-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other\u003c/emph\u003e. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jackson, William. Book-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_334","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_334.xml","title_ssm":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1880"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1880"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"text":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880","SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334","Hardy County (W. Va.) -- Geneology -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century -- Sources","West Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century","Copybooks -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Sources","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers","\"United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X3W-S9J?cc=1420440\u0026wc=MJC6-92Q%3A1042937501%2C1042951501%2C1042951502 : 22 May 2014), Virginia \u003e Augusta \u003e Augusta county \u003e image 28-29 of 61; citing NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).","Department of Historic Resources. \"Willow Spout,\" Marker A-99, 1992.","Jackson, William. Book-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"collection_ssim":["Warden and Harnsberger Family Papers, 1806/1880"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0201","/repositories/4/resources/334"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Hardy County (W. Va.) -- Geneology -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century -- Sources","West Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Hardy County (W. Va.) -- Geneology -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century -- Sources","West Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century"],"places_ssim":["Hardy County (W. Va.) -- Geneology -- Sources","Augusta County (Va.) -- Genealogy","Shenandoah River Valley (Va. and W. Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century -- Sources","West Virginia -- History, Local -- 19th century"],"creator_ssm":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"creators_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copybooks -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Sources","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copybooks -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- West Virginia -- Hardy County -- Sources","Estate sales -- Virginia -- Augusta County -- Sources","Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.08 cubic feet 2 folders","0.12 Gigabytes 3 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["0.08 cubic feet 2 folders","0.12 Gigabytes 3 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["Copybooks (instructional materials)","Estate inventories","Estate records","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e\"United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X3W-S9J?cc=1420440\u0026amp;wc=MJC6-92Q%3A1042937501%2C1042951501%2C1042951502 : 22 May 2014), Virginia \u0026gt; Augusta \u0026gt; Augusta county \u0026gt; image 28-29 of 61; citing NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).\u003c/bibref\u003e\n    ","\u003cbibref\u003eDepartment of Historic Resources. \"Willow Spout,\" Marker A-99, 1992.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"United States Census (Slave Schedule), 1850 ,\" database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:S3HY-6X3W-S9J?cc=1420440\u0026wc=MJC6-92Q%3A1042937501%2C1042951501%2C1042951502 : 22 May 2014), Virginia \u003e Augusta \u003e Augusta county \u003e image 28-29 of 61; citing NARA microfilm publication M432 (Washington, D.C.: National Archives and Records Administration, n.d.).","Department of Historic Resources. \"Willow Spout,\" Marker A-99, 1992."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJackson, William. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBook-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other\u003c/emph\u003e. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jackson, William. Book-Keeping, in the True Italian Form of Debtor and Creditor by Way of Double Entry: Or, Practical Book-Keeping, Exemplified From the Precepts of the Late Ingenious D. Dowling ... With the Addition of Computations in Exchange, and Tables Shewing the Proportion That the Weights and Measures of the Principal Cities in Europe Bear to Each Other. Philadephia: John Bioren, 1801."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_coll_ssim":["Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Jeffrey S. Evans \u0026 Associates"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_334"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3), 1861/1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3)","title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3)"],"title_tesim":["Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3), 1861/1971"],"text":["Wedding Invitations (folder 1 of 3), 1861/1971","Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011","box 1","folder 14"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1971"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":15,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 14"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#13","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"text":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c14"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3), 1861/1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3)","title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3)"],"title_tesim":["Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3), 1861/1971"],"text":["Wedding Invitations (folder 2 of 3), 1861/1971","Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011","box 1","folder 15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1971"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":16,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 15"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#14","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"text":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c15"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3), 1861/1971","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01","parent_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3)","title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3)"],"title_tesim":["Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3), 1861/1971"],"text":["Wedding Invitations (folder 3 of 3), 1861/1971","Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011","box 1","folder 16"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","Correspondence, 1830/2011"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1971"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":17,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 16"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#15","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_407","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_407.xml","title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers"],"title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1830-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"text":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020","SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century","Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers","Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.","Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.","The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.","Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.","All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Blackley Family papers, 1830/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0232","/repositories/4/resources/407"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 19th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 20th century","Staunton (Va.)  -- History -- 21st century","Virginia -- Genealogy","Texas -- Genealogy","Texas -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Campaigns","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 21st century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 19th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 20th century","Augusta County (Va.) -- History -- 21st century"],"creator_ssm":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_ssim":["Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"creators_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Charles P. Blackley Jr. of Staunton, Virginia donated this material in various accretions between 2015-2020."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Military training camps -- United States","World War, 1939-1945","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Harrisonburg","Radio stations -- Virginia -- Staunton","Photography","Travel -- 20th century","Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"extent_tesim":["14.37 cubic feet 30 boxes, 2 flat folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters (correspondence)","Photographs","Diaries","Scrapbooks","Printed Ephemera","Drafts (documents)","Pamphlets","Brochures","Scripts (documents)","Newspaper clippings","Maps (documents)","Color patches (military patches)","Certificates","Diplomas","Postcards","Family papers"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eFile is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Collection is open for research with the exception of one file contained within the correspondence series that is restricted until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original media, photographic negatives, and slides contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may request digital access copies be made.","Please contact the Special Collections Reference Desk before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection (library-special@jmu.edu).","File is restricted from research use until January 1, 2035 at the request of the donor.","Access to original photographic negatives contained within this collection is restricted; reformatted access copies of these materials may exist, or researchers may contact library-special@jmu.edu to request reformatted access copies."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDigital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Other Formats Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digital images of nineteenth-century correspondence and papers are available upon request."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal","Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor.","Duplicates and out of scope materials were returned to the donor."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in seven series:\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1830-2011\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePersonal Papers, 1857-2016\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eEphemera, 1856-2004\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePhotographs, circa 1861-1989\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eScrapbooks, 1862-1931\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in seven series:","Correspondence, 1830-2011\n      Personal Papers, 1857-2016\n      Ephemera, 1856-2004\n      Photographs, circa 1861-1989\n      Scrapbooks, 1862-1931\n      2020-0121 Accession, 1930s-2019\n      2020-0702 Accession, 1882-2020"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGarrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCatherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCharles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePatricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, and Nix families of mostly Texas and Staunton, Virginia between 1830 and 2016. James Scott (1799-1856) was a Tennessee native and former Mississippi Supreme Court chief justice who married Sarah Lane (1803-1880) and settled in Anderson, Texas. James was a prominent Texas judge who was friends with Davie Crockett. While in Mississippi and Texas, James and Sarah had six children. The eldest, Elizabeth \"Lizzie\" (1833-1917), was born in Mississippi in 1833, Sarah \"Sallie\" (1843-1914), born April 9, 1843 in Texas, and one of their brothers, Garrett (1838-1862), born in 1838, contribute the most to this collection of letters.","Lizzie married William H. Neblett (1826-1871), a farmer and attorney, in 1852. He eventually left her to go fight for the Confederacy. Her domestic struggle on the home front during the Civil War is the subject of Erika L. Murr's book, A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864 (2001).","In 1862, Sallie married Robert Houston \"R.H.\" Bassett (1836-1870). R.H. went on to enlist and serve in the famed Hood's Texas Brigade from 1861 to his wounding in 1864. He worked briefly as the adjutant general to Major General John Bell. While leading the regiment, he was wounded at the Battle of Chickamauga by an artillery shell fragment that lodged in his shoulder. This would effectively end his role in the war. Following the conclusion of the conflict and his recovery from the wound, R.H. tried his hand at politics in a bid to represent Grimes County, Texas in Congress. Their first child, Robert, died tragically in 1864 at only eight months old. R.H. died in 1870 because of health complications that appear related to edema.","R.H.'s brother, Noah (1839-1886), also served in the Texas Brigade. The correspondence between R.H., Sallie, and Noah provides a lucid account of the Army of Northern Virginia's major campaigns and operations, including developments related to the Battles of Antietam, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, and Chickamauga.","Garrett Scott, Sallie Scott's brother, died in action at the Battle of Antietam September 17, 1862 while serving in the Texas Brigade. His letters from the early years of the war offer yet another perspective of campaign and camp life.","R.H. and Sallie's daughter, Barbara \"Belle\" Bassett (1865-1958), married William Mason Blackley (1863-1898) in 1884 and lived in Staunton, Virginia before moving to Washington, D.C. Research suggests they only had one child, Belle Blackley (1890-1967), whom never married and lived out her life in Washington, D.C. However, an 1888 letter contained in this collection written by Ida Carter, the Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","The bulk of the twentieth-century material was created by or concerns William Mason Blackley's nephew, Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. (1909-1999), his wife Catherine Matthews Blackley (1914-2010), and their son and daughter-in-law Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley (b. 1951) and Patricia Fry Blackley (b. 1952).","Charles \"Chas\" Phillips Blackley Sr. was born in Staunton, Virginia in 1909. His parents died from the Spanish Flu when he was 10. Their deaths required Chas and his sister Mary Gilkeson Blackley to move in with their aunt, Fannie Blackley Cushing in Staunton. These materials cover his travels throughout the Pacific and Asia aboard a \"tramp steamer\" with boyhood friend, George Earman in 1930, his 1927-1929 military training in the little discussed Citizens Military Training Camps (CMTC), time at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI), his 1934 travels in Europe, World War II military service, and ownership and operation of WSVA, the first radio station in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Chas sold his share in WSVA and moved to Staunton, Virginia where he started the WTON radio station. Beyond his official jobs, Chas spent much of the early 1930s as an amateur playwright and author. Chas and Catherine Matthews were married in 1938.","While traveling Europe via train in 1934, Chas met David Kahn, a young Presbyterian judge of Indian descent. They would become lifelong friends. Mr. Kahn went on to become a governor of an Indian province under British rule and later head the Department of Sanitation for Calcutta. He and his wife visited their children, who had moved to the United States, and Mr. and Mrs. Blackley often until his health would not allow it. Evidence of their lifelong friendship can be found most clearly in this collection's correspondence and photographs.","Chas' WWII experience saw him drafted at age 35 and shipped to Camp Crowder, Missouri for training. He would eventually be transferred to Washington, D.C. where he worked as a private in the basement of the Pentagon. According this son, his superiors frequently called him upstairs to request autographed photos of American Broadcasting Company (ABC) celebrities. He was able to oblige them because of WSVA's status as an ABC affiliate.","Catherine Matthews Blackley was originally from Cambridge, Maryland and came to the Shenandoah Valley to attend the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now James Madison University). She graduated in 1935 with a degree in home economics. For a short time she taught in Norfolk, Virginia before marrying Chas Blackley in 1938 and buying a home on Port Republic Road in Harrisonburg. After Chas was drafted and shipped to Camp Crowder, Mrs. Blackley traveled to Neosho, Missouri to be with her husband. While in Missouri, she volunteered with the Red Cross to help care for wounded soldiers. She continued this service after Mr. Blackley was transferred to Washington, D.C. After the war, they returned to the Valley and Catherine became a member of the Staunton School Board and was very active in volunteer work.","Charles \"Chuck\" Phillips Blackley Jr. was a professional engineer and graduate of Virginia Tech. He provided services in Virginia, West Virginia, and Maryland. Chuck married Patricia Fry in 1971. At the time he sold his office it was the largest engineering company in the region outside of Richmond, Roanoke, and Northern Virginia.","Patricia Fry Blackley graduated from James Madison University in 1987 and became a licensed real estate appraiser. After Chuck stepped away from his engineering office he teamed up with his wife and the couple became full-time photographers and writers. Their work can be found in hundreds of magazines, books, and calendars."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, SC 0232, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection as a whole required only limited preservation treatment. Some of the correspondence and papers did require Mylar sleeves. The 3D objects are housed together in one box with special housings created to protect them long-term. Most of the nineteenth-century letters required flattening to make them more accessible and to allow for proper digitization as per the donor agreement. Also, many of the diplomas and older photographs were removed from their frames for proper storage. Original order of materials was maintained wherever possible, taking into account provenance, storage needs, and accessibility for researchers.","Photographs and cabinet cards were removed from a leather photo album with \"Fannie S. Blackley Session 1881-'82\" embossed on the front cover. Some of the cabinet cards were identified with a Post-It note. Those identifications were written in pencil on the back of the cabinet cards. The photo album was not retained due to significant condition issues."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://archivesspace.vmi.edu/repositories/3/resources/780\"\u003eCharles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.\u003c/extref\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMurr, Erika, L., ed., \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eA Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864\u003c/emph\u003e. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref type=\"simple\" actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.lib.utexas.edu/taro/utcah/00426/cah-00426.html\"\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/extref\u003e \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eYourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival\u003c/emph\u003e. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Charles C. Phillips Civil War Papers. MS 0327. Virginia Military Institute Archives.","Murr, Erika, L., ed., A Rebel Wife in Texas: The Diary and Letters of Elizabeth Scott Neblett, 1852-1864. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.","Lizzie Scott Neblett Papers, 1848-1935, Dolph Briscoe Center for American History, The University of Texas at Austin.","Yourself and family are invited to attend the feast of Mondamin corn festival. n.p.: Staunton, Va.: J. Harry Drechsler, pr., [1890], 1890. JAMES MADISON UNIV's Catalog, EBSCOhost (accessed May 2, 2017)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHeimwehr\u003c/emph\u003e, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMore information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhotographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGertrude Kellogg\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes negatives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.","Series 1: Correspondence, 1830-2011, is comprised of more than 300 individual letters. The majority of the earlier ones involve Sarah \"Sallie\" Scott Bassett and/or her husband R.H. Bassett. Together their combined correspondence comprises eight folders and spans the years 1850-1913.","These letters cover the years of the American Civil War and shed light on how the conflict affected their lives. In addition to letters from Captain R.H. Bassett, there are dozens of notes written home to Sallie from her brother Garrett Scott, brother-in-law Noah Bassett, and her cousin John Nix. All of these men spent time serving in the 4th Texas Regiment of the famed Texas Brigade. While their letters contain minimal military focused discussions, they do highlight camp life, personal struggles of being separated from each other, personal and public incidents, and family news. The military discussion is really limited to mention of the dead and wounded from battles and engagements. However, R.H. does write a letter to Sallie as he arrives on the battlefield at Gettysburg. He expresses excitement to build off the Confederates successes that afternoon. Battles and engagements discussed include Antietam (September 17, 1862), Chancellorsville (April 30 to May 6, 1863), Gettysburg (July 1-3, 1863), and Chickamauga (September 18–20, 1863).","Lizzie Scott Neblett was the older sister of Sallie Bassett and many letters between the sisters not previously examined, both before and after the American Civil War, can be found within this collection. Their letters shed light on relationship struggles, farm life, local news, and family connections.","While few in number, the surviving letters of Lizzie and Sallie's father, James Scott, provide significant insight into Texas prior to its in 1846. In the first, James writes his wife, Sarah, from the convention in Austin, Texas, where the debates about joining the United States were taking place. He offers few specifics as \"Nothing in which you would take any interest has occurred here and therefore I will not say anything about the proceedings…\" In second of these letters, James is writing to a Colonel B. Rush Wallace and gets far more political in discussion and tone. He talks at length about concern over the merits of becoming Whig or Democrat once they are thrust into the existing political climate of their new nation.","Of particular interest is an 1888 letter written by Ida Carter, presumably William M. and Belle Bassett Blackley's \"Black Mamy,\" is addressed to a Col. Bassett Blackley, in care of W. M. Blackley. Carter begins the letter \"Dear Little Bassett.\" This letter seems to suggest that the Blackleys did in fact have another child, Bassett Blackley, prior to Belle. If that is the case, Bassett Blackley may have died in childhood.","Of the twentieth-century correspondence, most of it was sent or received by Chas Blackley. While his letters span most of the century, the bulk are centered between the years 1930-1944. The letters that Chas Blackley wrote while visiting Europe in 1934 are of particular interest due to the changing political climate with the rise of the Nazis in Germany. Through his correspondence, diaries, and photographs there is an opportunity to see an American view of this transformative time. In one letter to his sister, Mary, dated August 21, Chas Blackley writes of the hanging of Nazis in Vienna, Austria for a failed coup that took place mere weeks before his arrival and that it \"has retarded history making considerably.\" He also spoke of the Heimwehr, the home guard, patrolling the streets with their rifles and \"keeping a sharp to windward.\"","Series 2: Personal Papers, 1857-2015, is comprised of personal papers, diaries, and other documents that highlight the careers and interests of the family members. R.H. Bassett's papers include Confederate government and military documents pertaining to promotions, recruitment, and resignation.","Another unique piece of this collection from the early period is the Belle Bassett Diary, 1873-1879, which offers a glimpse of the post-war years for a child growing up in the South.","Chas Blackley, in addition to his letters from the trip to Europe, also kept a diary of his experiences. This diary covers the personal and public incidents of his travels.","More information about individual members of family is available here in the form of detailed histories of specific family lines (Blackley, Bassett, Hoge, etc.), through family trees, and biographical information.","Other items of note from Chas Blackley are the many manuscripts of novels and plays that he wrote in the early-to-mid 1930s.","Series 3: Ephemera, 1856-2004, houses many unique items such as hundreds of stamps (U.S., Confederate, and international), brochures, certificates, awards, diplomas, and pamphlets from events such as the 1932 Los Angeles Olympics and the 1933 World's Fair in Chicago, and dance cards. The aforementioned diplomas and certificates document the Blackley family's achievements and graduations from various schools and universities, including the University of Virginia, the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg, and Virginia Tech. Many of the manuals and booklets used in Chas' various military training can be found in this series.","There are also newspaper clippings that share stories directly related to family members or address significant events of the time. These include awards won by the family, news about new jobs or graduations, historic events like D-Day, and John F. Kennedy's assassination.","One of the more locally relevant pieces is a pamphlet entitled \"Dedication of the Shenandoah National Park\" (1936). It lists the planned dedication speech from President Franklin D. Roosevelt given at Big Meadows as the key event.","This series also includes one oversize box of 3D ephemeral objects. Objects of interest include a Kodak No. 2 Folding Autographic Brownie camera (1917-1926) owned by Chas Blackley and inscribed with the names of Blackley and the SS Gertrude Kellogg, Dr. Charles Coatesworth Phillips' small leather medicine case with glass bottles that he took on house calls, several pairs of glasses, a glass plate photograph of Susie E. Phillips, and assorted World's Fair ephemera.","Stored separately are multiple flags that are likely from Chas' 1930 voyage in the Pacific. There is a large and small Japanese flag, a small Chinese [pre-communist revolution] flag, and a small Philippine national flag. An additional flag dates to WWI and features the United States flag surrounded by smaller flags of all our allies from that conflict.","Series 4, Photographs, circa 1861-1989, includes photographic prints, negatives, and slides that document the Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia. Files are arranged chronologically and undated groupings of images are listed alphabetically at the end of the series. Files are labeled to reflect the subject of the photos; original arrangement and description of people and places as received from the donor was maintained whenever possible. Some photographs contain identifying text written on the back of the image, though many photos are unidentified.","Photographs within this series document Chas Blackley's trips to Asia and the Pacific in 1930 as well as his journey through Europe in 1934. Other photographs document the Civilian Military Training Camp (CMTC) experience at Ft. Eustis, Virginia, from 1928.","Photographs created by or picturing Catherine Matthews Blackley contain images of campus and student life at the State Teacher's College at Harrisonburg (now JMU) dating from the early 1930s.","Series 5: Scrapbooks, 1862-1931, is comprised of one scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett, and three scrapbooks created by Chas Blackley. The scrapbook created by R.H. Bassett dates from 1862-1869 and contains mostly newspaper clippings related to Bassett's work in local and state politics in Grimes County, Texas, after a wound at the Battle of Chickamauga in 1864 ended his role in the American Civil War. \nThe three remaining scrapbooks were created by Chas Blackley, and document aspects of his life in the years between 1928-1931. The CTMC and VMI scrapbook documents Chas Blackley's military training at the Citizen's Military Training Camp (CTMC) from 1927-1929 as well as his time enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute (VMI). Two scrapbooks document Chas Blackley's 1930 travels with childhood friend  George Earman throughout the Pacific and multiple Asian nations aboard the steamer SS Gertrude Kellogg.","The series largely documents Chas Blackley's involvement with radio stations WSVA and WTON and comprises photographs, correspondence, and printed ephemera. A file concerning Susan Blackley, Chas Blackley's daughter, is included and relate to her work as the horticulturalist for the city of Staunton. Photographs document Susan's time as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes newspaper clippings covering Susan's work as a horticulturist for Staunton as well as photographs of Susan as a bartender at H.A. Winston's in Wilmington, Delaware.","Includes negatives.","Includes negatives.","Comprises papers and photographs related to the immediate and extended Blackley family. Materials also concern the Fry and Matthews families.","Materials related to Eugene Fry, father of Patricia Fry Blackley."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSchooma'am\u003c/emph\u003e yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["All published monographs have been cataloged individually and placed in Special Collections' rare book collection. Catherine Matthews Blackley's Schooma'am yearbooks were removed and housed with the yearbook collection. They are retained due to heavy annotations."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e73d9f92cf4c9d321a4666b26feddd80\"\u003eThe Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Blackley Family Papers, 1830-2020, consists of hundreds of letters that span from 1830 to 2011; diaries; official United States, Confederate, and Texas documents; literary works; newspaper clippings; postcards; ephemera; and photographs. These papers document the related Scott, Bassett, Blackley, Hoge, Matthews, and Nix families of Texas and Staunton, Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Pat","Blackley, Chuck"],"famname_ssim":["Blackley family"],"persname_ssim":["Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","State Teachers College at Harrisonburg (Harrisonburg, Va.) -- Students","United States. War Department. Citizens' Military Training Camps","Virginia Military Institute -- Students","Confederate States of America. Army. Texas Brigade","Virginia Polytechnic Institute -- Students","WTON (Radio station : Staunton, Va.)","WSVA (Radio station : Harrisonburg, Va.)","Blackley family","Blackley, Chuck","Blackley, Charles Phillips, Sr., 1909-1999","Blackley, Pat","Harvey, Paul, 1918-2009"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":579,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_407_c01_c16"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_569#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_569#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_569#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_569.xml","title_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records"],"title_tesim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"text":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971","SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.","Invoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\n      Purchases and Orders, 1893-1924\n      Bank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\n      Long's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\n      Long's Store Records, 1877-1929\n      Mt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893","Dale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019).","Samuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026 Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026 Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026 Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026 Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026 Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII.","This collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044. During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained.","The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","This series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.","Companies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.","Correspondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass.","All of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.","There was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.","C. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026 Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026 Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs","Baker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026 Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026 Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation","American Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration","American Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026 Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026 Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026 Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026 Son","American Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026 Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company","American Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026 Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026 Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026 Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026 Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026 Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026 Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026 Son; R. G. Dun \u0026 Co.","C. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son","American Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026 Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026 Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026 Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026 Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026 Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026 Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026 Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.","R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911","This series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.","The purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.","This series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.","There are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.","There are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.","This series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.","This series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026 Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026 Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026 Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026 Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.","This series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.","William E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"collection_ssim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_ssim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials in this collection were donated by Scott Suter in 2001; purchased from Scott Suter between 2007 and 2008; purchased from Dusty's Antique Market (Ronald L. Fulk) in Mt. Sidney, Virginia in 2008; purchased from Rocky's Gold \u0026 Silver in Weyer's Cave, Virginia in 2009; and found as orphaned material in a Carrier Library filing cabinet in 2016. A 2020 acquisition comprising W. E. Long \u0026 Sons shipping books and an account book was added to the collection in 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.31 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.31 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eInvoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePurchases and Orders, 1893-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLong's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLong's Store Records, 1877-1929\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.","Invoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\n      Purchases and Orders, 1893-1924\n      Bank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\n      Long's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\n      Long's Store Records, 1877-1929\n      Mt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eDale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019).\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Dale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026amp; Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026amp; Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026amp; Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026amp; Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026 Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026 Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026 Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026 Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026 Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, SC 0218, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, SC 0218, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044.\u003c/emph\u003e During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044. During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompanies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026amp; Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026amp; Co Importers of China \u0026amp; Glass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026amp; Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026amp; Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBaker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026amp; Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026amp; Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026amp; Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026amp; Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026amp; Son\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026amp; Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026amp; Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026amp; Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026amp; Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026amp; Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026amp; Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026amp; Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026amp; Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026amp; Son; R. G. Dun \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026amp; Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026amp; Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026amp; Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026amp; Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026amp; Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026amp; Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026amp; Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026amp; Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR. P. Bayley \u0026amp; Co Importers of China \u0026amp; Glass, Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026amp; Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026amp; Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026amp; Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026amp; Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026amp; Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","This series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.","Companies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.","Correspondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass.","All of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.","There was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.","C. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026 Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026 Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs","Baker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026 Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026 Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation","American Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration","American Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026 Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026 Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026 Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026 Son","American Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026 Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company","American Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026 Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026 Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026 Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026 Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026 Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026 Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026 Son; R. G. Dun \u0026 Co.","C. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son","American Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026 Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026 Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026 Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026 Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026 Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026 Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026 Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.","R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911","This series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.","The purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.","This series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.","There are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.","There are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.","This series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.","This series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026 Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026 Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026 Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026 Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.","This series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.","William E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb898fdf7b571541d1841ea18d8cf7e4\"\u003eThe W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_569","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_569.xml","title_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records"],"title_tesim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"text":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971","SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569","Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local","General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records","Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.","The collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.","Invoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\n      Purchases and Orders, 1893-1924\n      Bank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\n      Long's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\n      Long's Store Records, 1877-1929\n      Mt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893","Dale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019).","Samuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026 Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026 Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026 Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026 Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026 Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII.","This collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044. During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained.","The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","This series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.","Companies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.","Correspondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass.","All of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.","There was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.","C. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026 Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026 Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs","Baker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026 Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026 Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation","American Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration","American Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026 Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026 Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026 Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026 Son","American Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026 Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company","American Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026 Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026 Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026 Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026 Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026 Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026 Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026 Son; R. G. Dun \u0026 Co.","C. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son","American Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026 Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026 Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026 Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026 Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026 Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026 Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026 Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.","R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911","This series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.","The purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.","This series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.","There are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.","There are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.","This series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.","This series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026 Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026 Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026 Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026 Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.","This series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.","William E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long.","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"collection_ssim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865/1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569"],"unitid_tesim":["SC 0218","/repositories/4/resources/569"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"geogname_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"geogname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"places_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) -- History","Virginia -- History, Local"],"creator_ssm":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_ssim":["W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials in this collection were donated by Scott Suter in 2001; purchased from Scott Suter between 2007 and 2008; purchased from Dusty's Antique Market (Ronald L. Fulk) in Mt. Sidney, Virginia in 2008; purchased from Rocky's Gold \u0026 Silver in Weyer's Cave, Virginia in 2009; and found as orphaned material in a Carrier Library filing cabinet in 2016. A 2020 acquisition comprising W. E. Long \u0026 Sons shipping books and an account book was added to the collection in 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"access_subjects_ssm":["General stores -- Virginia -- Green Mount","General stores -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton","Merchants -- Virginia -- Green Mount -- Records and correspondence","Merchants -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postal service -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Postmasters -- Virginia -- Mt. Clinton -- Records and correspondence","Account books -- Sources","Business records -- Sources","Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.31 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.31 cubic feet 6 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)","Shipping records","Letters (correspondence)","Bills of sale","Promissory notes","Billheads","Invoices","Business records"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research. Researchers must register and agree to copyright and privacy laws before using this collection. Please contact Research Services staff before visiting the James Madison University Special Collections Library to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eInvoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003ePurchases and Orders, 1893-1924\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLong's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eLong's Store Records, 1877-1929\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eMt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into six series. Generally, each series is arranged chronologically. Exceptions to this arrangement were made in order to keep like materials together within a series.","Invoices, Advertisements, and Correspondence, 1865-1955\n      Purchases and Orders, 1893-1924\n      Bank Ledgers, Expenses, and Sales, 1866-1971\n      Long's Store Account Books, 1869-1921\n      Long's Store Records, 1877-1929\n      Mt. Clinton Post Office Records, 1879-1893"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eDale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019).\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Dale MacAllister, \"The William E. Long Family and Long's Store,\" 2008,  https://dahjsg1f05sei.cloudfront.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/12160639/MacAllisteronLong.pdf (accessed April 18, 2019)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSamuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026amp; Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026amp; Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026amp; Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026amp; Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Samuel Long (1821-1892) was the original owner of the Long Store. He worked primarily as a farmer and dry goods merchant, running numerous stores before moving from Shenandoah County to Rockingham County in 1868. In 1880, he bought the Hopkins Upper Mill on Muddy Creek and established the Chrisman general store and post office. His son, William Evans Long (1855-1926), was named postmaster of the Chrisman post office in 1881. Samuel Long also established another store around 1869 in Green Mount, Virginia. William E. Long was named postmaster of the Green Mount branch in 1889, and took over operations from J.W. Mauck. In 1892, Samuel Long bought A.B. Driver \u0026 Company in Mt. Clinton, Virginia, and changed the name to S. Long \u0026 Sons. At this time, William E. Long was also appointed postmaster of the Mt. Clinton post office. William E. Long and his brother-in-law, John B. Bowman (1844-1893) ran the Mt. Clinton branch of the store under the name Long \u0026 Bowman, until the death of Bowman in 1893. Upon the death of Samuel Long in 1892, William's sister sold her husband's half of the Mt. Clinton store to William for $2,500. The name of the store was changed to W.E. Long \u0026 Sons once William Long's children, specifically C. Edward (1887-1961) and Frank R. (1901-1958), reached maturity. The store operated under this name until it was turned over by William Long's sons to a nephew, Samuel Claude Long (1925-1988), who renamed the store S.C. Long \u0026 Sons in 1959. It remained under his name until his retirement in 1988 when it left the family's possession. A quick succession of owners succeeded S. Claude Long until the store was torn down in 1995. The Long family owned and operated the Long family store for roughly 95 years, managing to sustain a business through WWI, the Great Depression, and WWII."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, SC 0218, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #, folder #], W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, SC 0218, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThis collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044.\u003c/emph\u003e During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This collection comprises numerous accessions related to W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store and the Long family of Mt. Clinton, Virginia. These accessions include 2001-0912, 2007-0419a, 2007-0419b, 2008-0311, 2008-1215b, and 2016-0501. Parts of this collection were previously cataloged as Long's Store Account Books (SC 4056) and Mt. Clinton Post Office Records (SC 4057).","In order to streamline the process of applying collection numbers, Special Collections staff completed a large-scale renumbering campaign in 2018-2019. This collection was previously cataloged as SC 5044. During this time, the collection was physically consolidated into fewer boxes and minor updates made to the intellectual arrangement. However, the overall intellectual arrangement of the collection was maintained."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCompanies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026amp; Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026amp; Co Importers of China \u0026amp; Glass.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026amp; Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026amp; Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBaker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026amp; Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026amp; Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026amp; Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026amp; Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026amp; Son\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026amp; Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026amp; Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026amp; Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026amp; Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026amp; Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026amp; Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026amp; Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026amp; Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026amp; Son; R. G. Dun \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eC. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmerican Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026amp; Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026amp; Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026amp; Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026amp; Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026amp; Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026amp; Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026amp; Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026amp; Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026amp; Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eR. P. Bayley \u0026amp; Co Importers of China \u0026amp; Glass, Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026amp; Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026amp; Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026amp; Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026amp; Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026amp; Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026amp; Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Materials include account books and ledgers, invoices and receipts, advertisements, billheads, correspondence, and documentation of expenses and sales related to the business dealings of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W.E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.","This series contains invoices to the Long Store from other companies, showing that orders were paid for in full. Specific company invoices include:  Harrisonburg Grocery Co. Inc. Exclusively Wholesale; Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co. (successors of  Snell Grocery and Hardware Co.); Sears, Roebuck and Co.; Coca-Cola Co.; National Biscuit Co. (Nabisco); and the Standard Oil Co.","Companies also sent advertisements to the Long Store in order to try to persuade the store to buy their products. Specific company and agency advertisements include advertisements from the US Food Administration; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; Sears, Roebuck and Co.; and the Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co.","Correspondence includes letters and envelopes addressed to the Long Store from a variety of companies. Most of the correspondence thanks the Long Store for their business, provides information about backorders, includes contract letters, and personal correspondence. Companies that sent correspondence letters include: Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co., Darby Manufacturing Co., and R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass.","All of these papers provide insight into the business transactions of the Long Store. The papers also show the types of products that the people of Mt. Clinton, Virginia were buying not only in everyday life, but also during the war years. The papers are organized chronologically and they are listed below in alphabetical order by company name.","There was a group of advertisements and letters found with materials from Series 3 which had been left in their original envelopes. The letters were taken out of the envelopes and placed in a folder. The letters were moved to Series 1 for convenience sake, and are all contained together in Folder 9, so they do not follow the chronological scheme of the other folders. One postcard from the State Normal School of Harrisonburg, Virginia, with seemingly no connection to the Long family, was found with the ledgers.","C. L. Moor; Commonwealth of Virginia; David Taylor and Co.; Hellen Jatzeusteler; Heller Brothers and Co.; Jacob and Viert; Joseph Raish Loans; Long Store Ledger Page; Rockingham Register; R. P. Bayley and Co.; Smith, Ellet, \u0026 Co.; Stoneburner and Richards; Treasury of Rockingham County; Tucker and Co.; Wm. Devries \u0026 Co.; Young, Kimmell, and Diggs","Baker and Company Groceries, Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore Oil, Brand Shoe Co., Byers-Beery Grocery Co., Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio RR, C. J. Rice, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Edelen Bros. Commission, First National Bank, Harrisonburg Evaporating Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Herb Medicine Co., J. G. Haldeman \u0026 Bros, Lynchburg Shoe Co., Miscellaneous, Mishawaka Woolen Manufacturing Co., N. K. Fairbank, Norfolk Western RR, Red C. Oil, R. M. Sutton Co., Snell Grocery \u0026 Hardware, Standard Oil, W. A. W. Davis Corporation","American Snuff Co., Baltimore Bargain House, Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, Crystal Lamps Asst., Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., J. Frank Darling Co. Inc., J.W. Ould Company Inc., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., Red \"C\" Oil Manufacturing Co., Snell Grocery, Southern Railroad Co., US Food Administration","American Wholesale Corporation, B. F. Goodrich Rubber, Chattanooga Knitting Mills, City Produce Exchange, Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods, Friedman-Shelby International Shoe, G. K. Andrews \u0026 Co., Harrisonburg Grocery Co., Imperial Ice Cream Co., J. M. Snell \u0026 Co., Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co., National Biscuit Company, Sternick \u0026 Bittman Butter and Eggs, Westel Seed Co., W. F. Berry \u0026 Son","American Wholesale Corporation, Arbuckle Brothers, Barnhart Overall Company, B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, Chas. King \u0026 Son Co, Inc., Daniel Miller Company, Edelen Brothers General Commission Merchants, Ehrmann Manufacturing Co., First National Bank, G. K. Andrews and Co., Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Harrisonburg Grocery Co., International Shoe Company, J. M. Strickler, John W. Eshelman and Sons, J. W. Ould Company, L.W. Gaines and Company, Merchants Grocery and Hardware Co., Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co., National Biscuit Company, Proctor and Gamble Distributing Co., Richmond Hosier Mills, Southern Railway Company, Valley Supply Company, Virginia Cigar Company, Wetsel Seed Company","American Wholesale Corporation, Barnhart Overall Co.; Burke \u0026 Price Insurance; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; D. M. Ferry \u0026 Co. Seedsmen; E. W. Ross Ensilage Cutter \u0026 Silo Co.; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; H. M. Baucon \u0026 Sons; J. M. Strickler; John F. Birkmeyer \u0026 Sons; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Mishawaka Rubber \u0026 Woolen Manufacturing Co.; National Biscuit Co.; R. A. Brice \u0026 Son; R. G. Dun \u0026 Co.","C. D. Kenny Co.; Daniel Miller Company; Harlin Bro and Co.; Harrisonburg Candy and Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Hawkins Hardware Co.; International Shoe Company; Miscellaneous; Mishawaka Rubber and Woolen Mfg. Co.; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son; R. A. Brice and Son","American Wholesale Co.; Bentley, Shriver \u0026 Co.; Bob's Food Products Co., Inc.; Butler Brothers; Daniel Miller Co. Dry Goods; Dixie Distributing Co.; E. J. Branch \u0026 Sons; Elkton Lithia Bottling Co.; First National Bank; Friedman-Shelby International Shoe; Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., Inc.; Harrisonburg Candy \u0026 Fruit Company, Inc.; Harrisonburg Grocery Co.; Harrisonburg Livestock Market Inc.; Hartford Fire Insurance Co.; Henry S. King \u0026 Sons; J. F. Burkholder's Speech on World Peace; J. S. Denton \u0026 Sons, Inc.; Manbeck Bread Co.; Merchants Grocery \u0026 Hardware Co.; Miscellaneous Accounting; M. O. Showalter \u0026 Son; National Biscuit Co.; Ort Brothers Bakery, Inc.; Proctor \u0026 Gamble Distributing Co.; Rockingham Cooperative Farm Bureau, Inc.; Rockingham Tractor \u0026 Equipment Co.; Snow King Baking Powder Co.; Strietman Biscuit Co.; Virginia Pepsi-Cola Bottling Co.; Wm. Schluderberg- T. J. Kurdle Co.","R. P. Bayley \u0026 Co Importers of China \u0026 Glass, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 2/2/1882, Miller \u0026 Yager General Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 11/10/1882, Superior Dairy Goods Moseley \u0026 Stoddard MFG Co.: 4 ads/envelope ca. 1887, George G. McClintock Commission Merchants: receipt/envelope 8/2/1892, Darby Manufacturing Co.: envelope 8/25/1892, Edelen Bros Commission Merchants: invoice/envelope 3:30/1901, State Normal School Postcard: 6/25/1911","This series contains purchases and orders in ledgers compiled during the lifetime of the Long Store. The series contains 23 ledgers in total. Some ledgers show what customers ordered from the store and others show what the Long Store purchased from other companies in order to fulfill the needs of their customers. The order ledgers show what customers wanted to buy as well as who the regular customers were. They show the relationship that the Long Store had with its customers. Once the orders were delivered and were paid for, the order was crossed out with a red \"X,\" indicating that the transaction was complete.","The purchase ledgers show what the owners of the Long Store purchased in order to meet the demand of their customers. Most of these ledgers are labeled with a date, what was bought on that date, and how much the order cost. Most ledgers were not specific with what goods were bought, but were specific with the pricing. Purchases were mostly labeled as \"Goods\" or \"Tobacco\" showing the importance of tobacco in that it was given its own category. Other ledgers simply state the name of the company being ordered from, rather than listing all the specific goods themselves.","This series contains records of the expenses and sales of the Long family store, as well as ten bank ledgers. The majority are specific to the First National Bank of Harrisonburg, Virginia. These indicate expenses and sales of the store, including specific company or personal names to whom the store is paying off bills or from whom it is receiving payment.","There are also three ledgers that indicate expenses of the store. The first ledger appears to be expenses organized by specific person or business. The latter two are organized by types of goods, including groceries, tobacco, dry goods, drugs, etc. The orders appear to be crossed out once they were acquired.","There are two other larger ledgers in the series. The smaller of the two appears to document the weekly sales of the store. There are several other receipts and calculations relating to the profit of the store stuck in the pages of the ledger. These loose papers were left there in order to preserve original order and context. The larger of the two ledgers seems to be a system of credit from a store in Johnsonville prior to the existence of Long Family Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Samuel Long was known to have stores in many locations, so it seems prudent to assume it was one of his stores before Mt. Clinton. As with the previous ledger, there are calculations and a few documents of correspondence stuck in between the pages. They were likewise kept within to preserve original order.","This series consists of nine books: one \"road book\" ostensibly from Long's Store in Green Mount, Virginia and three account books and five daybooks from Long's Store in Mt. Clinton, Virginia. Daybooks record purchases of general household goods and merchandise, such as eggs, butter, pens, pencils, shoes, yarn, chickens, roosters, sugar, dye, matches, hats, and shovels. Account books typically record customer accounts, transactions and balances over time, and do not record itemized purchases.","This series is a collection of receipts that document the business between small town merchant W.E. Long and commission merchants such as Miller \u0026 Roller, Washington, D. C.; Acker \u0026 Long Produce, Philadelphia; Standard Oil Company; Brand Shoe Co., Roanoke; and J. J. Underhill Fruit \u0026 Vegetables, Baltimore which he supplied with butter, chicken, and eggs. Among the local merchants are: Snell Grocery, Harrisonburg; Hoge \u0026 Hutchinson, Staunton; Merchants Grocery and Hardware, Harrisonburg; L. W. Gaines, Inc., Harrisonburg; Worthington Hardware, Staunton; and National Biscuit Company, Staunton. Bills document the variety of merchandise including shoes, fabric, sugar, and coffee that Long purchased to supply his own customers. Fifteen cancelled checks from the First National Bank Harrisonburg date to 1920. A folder of bank deposit slips, primarily from First National Bank in Harrisonburg, are included.","This series consists of three record books from Mt. Clinton Post Office from 1879 through 1893. All three books are roughly the same size. However, Book One was received missing most of the front and back covers. Book Three was disassembled and boards discarded due to insect damage.","William E. Long was a postmaster at Chrisman, Virginia (1881-1887); Green Mount, Virginia (1889-1893); and Mt. Clinton, Virginia (1893-1897). William's father, Samuel, established and operated general stores and post offices in all three locations. It is unclear why the Mt. Clinton post Office records prior to William's tenure as Mt. Clinton postmaster remained in his possession. They are included in this collection due to their peripheral connection to Long."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collection Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fb898fdf7b571541d1841ea18d8cf7e4\"\u003eThe W. E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026amp; Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The W. E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store Records, 1865-1971, primarily document the business activities of W.E. Long \u0026 Sons General Store in Rockingham County, Virginia. Records from the Mt. Clinton Post Office, predating W. E. Long's time as Mt. Clinton postmaster, are also included."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Suter, Scott Hamilton"],"persname_ssim":["Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","W. E. Long \u0026 Sons","Rocky's Gold Silver \u0026 Antiques","Long's Store (Green Mount, Va.)","Long's Store (Mt Clinton, Va.)","Suter, Scott Hamilton","Long, Samuel, 1821-1892","Long, William E. (William Evans), 1855-1926","Long, S. Claude (Samuel Claude), 1925-1988"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":76,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_569"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"James Madison University","value":"James Madison University","hits":570},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"\"Young Eph's Lament\" Song Sheet, 1850/1899","value":"\"Young Eph's Lament\" Song Sheet, 1850/1899","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=%22Young+Eph%27s+Lament%22+Song+Sheet%2C+1850%2F1899\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1880\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=James+Madison+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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