{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1878\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=108","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1878\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=107","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1878\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=109","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1878\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=126"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":108,"next_page":109,"prev_page":107,"total_pages":126,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1070,"total_count":1252,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Financial Records","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"text":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers","Series III: Financial Records"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Financial Records","title_ssm":["Series III: Financial Records"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Financial Records"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1859-1890, 1932, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1859/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Financial Records"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:27.123Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3395.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kabrich, George W. L., Family Papers","title_ssm":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1947"," (bulk 1850-1904)"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":[" (bulk 1850-1904)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2019.013"],"text":["Ms.2019.013","George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized in the following series: \n Series I: Correspondence, 1850-1904 Series II: Legal Records, 1855-1880, undated Series III: Financial Records, 1859-1890, 1932, undated Series IV: Religious Papers, 1870-1887 Series V: Assorted, 1947, undated","The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers relate to the activities of Kabrich (sometimes Kabrick) and his family in Blacksburg, Virginia. The son of George and Elizabeth Kabrich, George Washiongton Lewis Kabrich (b. 1824) taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in April 1862 as a private in Company D, Virginia 45th Infantry Regiment (Confederate States of America), mustering out a month later. ","On August 18, 1846, George Kabrich married Susan Ann (or Amanda) Surface (1829-1919), the daughter of John and Elizabeth Surface. The couple had five children: Sarah E. (1849-1935), Mary C. \"Mollie\" (ca. 1854-1895), Marion W. (b. ca. 1858), Arthur J. (1862-1941), and Effie May (1867-1927). Sarah married Joseph E. Francis on January 3, 1872, and Marion married Mollie M. Price on October 6, 1885. The couple had a daughter, Florence A. (1886-1963). Florence later lived with Susan, Arthur, and Effie.","Isaiah Kabrich (1827-1899), the brother of George W. L. Kabrich, was the grandfather of cousins Robert Kabrich (1825-1994) and Effie Kent \"Billie\" Kabrich Shanks (1903-1966). Both attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute: Billie was one of the first five full-time women students to enroll in 1921, and Robert attended after serving in World War II. ","The guide to the George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the George W. L. Kabrich Fmaily Papers commenced in April 2019 and was completed in May 2019.","The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection is divided into six series, based on material type: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Legal Papers, Series III: Financial Papers, Series IV: Religious Papers, Series V: Assorted.","The first series, Correspondence, 1850-1904, undated, is subdivided by correspondent: George W. L. Kabrich, 1850-1889; Effie Kabrich, 1903-1904; and Assorted, 1880, 1904, undated. Letters include correspondence with George's brother Isaiah, church members, George's daughter Effie, George's granddaughter Florence, and people asking for money or goods, possibly because of his job as Overseer of the Poor. ","The second series, Legal Papers, 1855-1880, undated, includes promissory notes, articles of agreement, and a contract for G. W. L. Kabrich to teach a school for local families.","The third series, Financial Papers, is subdivided into Account Balances, 1859-1890, Tax and Tuition Receipts, 1860-1978, and Assorted, 1872, 1888, 1932, undated. Accounts document balances and payments for local goods and services, and the tax and tuition receipts include tax payments for G. W. L. Kabrich and his father-in-law John Surface as well as tuition receipts for students at Kabrich's school. Assorted contains financial notes, bank items, and printed documents.","The fourth series, Religious Papers, 1870-1887, relate to George W. L. Kabrich's involvement with local Lutheran churches. Items include meeting minutes from church councils, Sunday School class book, and a donation envelope.  ","The fifth series, Assorted, 1947, undated, includes an advertisement for female regulating pills, genealogy of births and deaths in the 1850s-1860s, and a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah. (Rat belts were - and are - worn by freshmen in the VPI Corps of Cadets.)","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection documents the personal and professional life of George W. L. Kabrich, who taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. Items also relate to George's father-in-law John Surface, his daughter Effie Kabrich, and others. An item of note is a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kabrich family","Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2019.013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"creator_ssim":["Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"creators_ssim":["Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in July 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Students and alumni","University History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized in the following series: \n\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1850-1904\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Legal Records, 1855-1880, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Financial Records, 1859-1890, 1932, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Religious Papers, 1870-1887\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Assorted, 1947, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized in the following series: \n Series I: Correspondence, 1850-1904 Series II: Legal Records, 1855-1880, undated Series III: Financial Records, 1859-1890, 1932, undated Series IV: Religious Papers, 1870-1887 Series V: Assorted, 1947, undated"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers relate to the activities of Kabrich (sometimes Kabrick) and his family in Blacksburg, Virginia. The son of George and Elizabeth Kabrich, George Washiongton Lewis Kabrich (b. 1824) taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in April 1862 as a private in Company D, Virginia 45th Infantry Regiment (Confederate States of America), mustering out a month later. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 18, 1846, George Kabrich married Susan Ann (or Amanda) Surface (1829-1919), the daughter of John and Elizabeth Surface. The couple had five children: Sarah E. (1849-1935), Mary C. \"Mollie\" (ca. 1854-1895), Marion W. (b. ca. 1858), Arthur J. (1862-1941), and Effie May (1867-1927). Sarah married Joseph E. Francis on January 3, 1872, and Marion married Mollie M. Price on October 6, 1885. The couple had a daughter, Florence A. (1886-1963). Florence later lived with Susan, Arthur, and Effie.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIsaiah Kabrich (1827-1899), the brother of George W. L. Kabrich, was the grandfather of cousins Robert Kabrich (1825-1994) and Effie Kent \"Billie\" Kabrich Shanks (1903-1966). Both attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute: Billie was one of the first five full-time women students to enroll in 1921, and Robert attended after serving in World War II. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers relate to the activities of Kabrich (sometimes Kabrick) and his family in Blacksburg, Virginia. The son of George and Elizabeth Kabrich, George Washiongton Lewis Kabrich (b. 1824) taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. During the American Civil War, he enlisted in April 1862 as a private in Company D, Virginia 45th Infantry Regiment (Confederate States of America), mustering out a month later. ","On August 18, 1846, George Kabrich married Susan Ann (or Amanda) Surface (1829-1919), the daughter of John and Elizabeth Surface. The couple had five children: Sarah E. (1849-1935), Mary C. \"Mollie\" (ca. 1854-1895), Marion W. (b. ca. 1858), Arthur J. (1862-1941), and Effie May (1867-1927). Sarah married Joseph E. Francis on January 3, 1872, and Marion married Mollie M. Price on October 6, 1885. The couple had a daughter, Florence A. (1886-1963). Florence later lived with Susan, Arthur, and Effie.","Isaiah Kabrich (1827-1899), the brother of George W. L. Kabrich, was the grandfather of cousins Robert Kabrich (1825-1994) and Effie Kent \"Billie\" Kabrich Shanks (1903-1966). Both attended the Virginia Polytechnic Institute: Billie was one of the first five full-time women students to enroll in 1921, and Robert attended after serving in World War II. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, Ms 2019-013, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, Ms 2019-013, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the George W. L. Kabrich Fmaily Papers commenced in April 2019 and was completed in May 2019.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the George W. L. Kabrich Fmaily Papers commenced in April 2019 and was completed in May 2019."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection is divided into six series, based on material type: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Legal Papers, Series III: Financial Papers, Series IV: Religious Papers, Series V: Assorted.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe first series, Correspondence, 1850-1904, undated, is subdivided by correspondent: George W. L. Kabrich, 1850-1889; Effie Kabrich, 1903-1904; and Assorted, 1880, 1904, undated. Letters include correspondence with George's brother Isaiah, church members, George's daughter Effie, George's granddaughter Florence, and people asking for money or goods, possibly because of his job as Overseer of the Poor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second series, Legal Papers, 1855-1880, undated, includes promissory notes, articles of agreement, and a contract for G. W. L. Kabrich to teach a school for local families.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe third series, Financial Papers, is subdivided into Account Balances, 1859-1890, Tax and Tuition Receipts, 1860-1978, and Assorted, 1872, 1888, 1932, undated. Accounts document balances and payments for local goods and services, and the tax and tuition receipts include tax payments for G. W. L. Kabrich and his father-in-law John Surface as well as tuition receipts for students at Kabrich's school. Assorted contains financial notes, bank items, and printed documents.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth series, Religious Papers, 1870-1887, relate to George W. L. Kabrich's involvement with local Lutheran churches. Items include meeting minutes from church councils, Sunday School class book, and a donation envelope.  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fifth series, Assorted, 1947, undated, includes an advertisement for female regulating pills, genealogy of births and deaths in the 1850s-1860s, and a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah. (Rat belts were - and are - worn by freshmen in the VPI Corps of Cadets.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection is divided into six series, based on material type: Series I: Correspondence, Series II: Legal Papers, Series III: Financial Papers, Series IV: Religious Papers, Series V: Assorted.","The first series, Correspondence, 1850-1904, undated, is subdivided by correspondent: George W. L. Kabrich, 1850-1889; Effie Kabrich, 1903-1904; and Assorted, 1880, 1904, undated. Letters include correspondence with George's brother Isaiah, church members, George's daughter Effie, George's granddaughter Florence, and people asking for money or goods, possibly because of his job as Overseer of the Poor. ","The second series, Legal Papers, 1855-1880, undated, includes promissory notes, articles of agreement, and a contract for G. W. L. Kabrich to teach a school for local families.","The third series, Financial Papers, is subdivided into Account Balances, 1859-1890, Tax and Tuition Receipts, 1860-1978, and Assorted, 1872, 1888, 1932, undated. Accounts document balances and payments for local goods and services, and the tax and tuition receipts include tax payments for G. W. L. Kabrich and his father-in-law John Surface as well as tuition receipts for students at Kabrich's school. Assorted contains financial notes, bank items, and printed documents.","The fourth series, Religious Papers, 1870-1887, relate to George W. L. Kabrich's involvement with local Lutheran churches. Items include meeting minutes from church councils, Sunday School class book, and a donation envelope.  ","The fifth series, Assorted, 1947, undated, includes an advertisement for female regulating pills, genealogy of births and deaths in the 1850s-1860s, and a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah. (Rat belts were - and are - worn by freshmen in the VPI Corps of Cadets.)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_39a26384b0dd3941460052e96b3c3127\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection documents the personal and professional life of George W. L. Kabrich, who taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. Items also relate to George's father-in-law John Surface, his daughter Effie Kabrich, and others. An item of note is a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The George W. L. Kabrich Family Papers, 1850-1947 [bulk 1850-1904], contain correspondence, legal records, financial records, and religious documents. The collection documents the personal and professional life of George W. L. Kabrich, who taught school and Sunday school, worked as Overseer of the Poor for Blacksburg Township, and was on church councils for local Lutheran churches. Items also relate to George's father-in-law John Surface, his daughter Effie Kabrich, and others. An item of note is a Rat Belt which is believed to have belonged to Robert H. Kabrich, the grandson of George's brother Issiah."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kabrich family","Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kabrich family"],"famname_ssim":["Kabrich family"],"persname_ssim":["Kabrich, George Washington Lewis, b. 1824"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":15,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:27.123Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3395_c03"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains documents such as income tax returns, account books, a dividend book, and other various financial documents as well as the annual reports from the President and Board of Directors to the stockholders.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","parent_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"text":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)","Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports","This series contains documents such as income tax returns, account books, a dividend book, and other various financial documents as well as the annual reports from the President and Board of Directors to the stockholders."],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports","title_ssm":["Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1851-1929"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1851/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Financial Records and Annual Reports"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":29,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":50,"date_range_isim":[1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains documents such as income tax returns, account books, a dividend book, and other various financial documents as well as the annual reports from the President and Board of Directors to the stockholders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains documents such as income tax returns, account books, a dividend book, and other various financial documents as well as the annual reports from the President and Board of Directors to the stockholders."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:55.263Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_19.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/19","title_ssm":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"title_tesim":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1866-1988"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1866-1988"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS103"],"text":["MS103","The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)","Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Municipal water supply -- Virginia -- Alexandria","The collection is arranged in six series as follows: \nSeries I: Correspondence, 1866-1980\nSeries II: Company Records, 1859-1960\nSeries III: Financial Records, 1852-1929 and Annual Reports, 1851-1879\nSeries IV: Legal Documents, 1924-1948\nSeries V: Company History/Photographs and Miscellaneous Items\nSeries VI: Drawings and Sketches","The Virginia American Water Company was originally founded in 1852 as the Alexandria Water Company. The idea for a supply of clean water can be attributed to Benjamin Hallowell, who after losing three children to disease, may have realized the importance of clean water. The Alexandria Water Company was chartered by the Virginia Legislature on March 22, 1850 and Hallowell served as its first President. The company expanded in the early 1900s and again in the 1950s. In 1972, the company merged with the Old Dominion Water Corporation and the Prince William Water Company to become the Virginia American Water Company.","Alexandria Chamber of Commerce, Box 202; Alexandria City Records, Box 19MM, Box 19UU (Water and gas pipes, 1855); Boothe Family Papers, Box 164 (Annual Reports, 1851-1879); Box 195. ","Erickson, Philip M., Cdr. Alexandria Water Company Permits: The First 1000 'Pipers.' Alexandria, VA: City of Alexandria Archaeology, 1988. \nHallowell, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Hallowell. Philadelphia: Friends Book Association, 1884. \nSwain, Perry Carpenter. \"Robert Hartshorne Miller, 1798-1874, A Quaker Presence in Alexandria.\" Graduate Thesis, George Washington University, 1988. ","The collection consists of financial records, such as account books from the 1800s; dividend payments; income tax returns from 1919-1928; company records and reports; an employee records book from the 1920s-1940; letters of correspondence; company histories; franchise map; and newsclippings from various newspapers in 1956-1957. Of particular interest are the 1867 property book and the book containing the \"Copies of Deeds, Agreements, \u0026 Contracts\" from 1853-1892. Both contain drawings and diagrams of where water pipes had been laid in Old Town.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Virginia American Water Company","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["MS103"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"collection_ssim":["The Virginia American Water Company Collection (MS103)"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia American Water Company"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia American Water Company"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Virginia American Water Company"],"creators_ssim":["Virginia American Water Company"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Economic conditions","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Municipal water supply -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Municipal water supply -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet 15 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet 15 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in six series as follows: \nSeries I: Correspondence, 1866-1980\nSeries II: Company Records, 1859-1960\nSeries III: Financial Records, 1852-1929 and Annual Reports, 1851-1879\nSeries IV: Legal Documents, 1924-1948\nSeries V: Company History/Photographs and Miscellaneous Items\nSeries VI: Drawings and Sketches\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in six series as follows: \nSeries I: Correspondence, 1866-1980\nSeries II: Company Records, 1859-1960\nSeries III: Financial Records, 1852-1929 and Annual Reports, 1851-1879\nSeries IV: Legal Documents, 1924-1948\nSeries V: Company History/Photographs and Miscellaneous Items\nSeries VI: Drawings and Sketches"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia American Water Company was originally founded in 1852 as the Alexandria Water Company. The idea for a supply of clean water can be attributed to Benjamin Hallowell, who after losing three children to disease, may have realized the importance of clean water. The Alexandria Water Company was chartered by the Virginia Legislature on March 22, 1850 and Hallowell served as its first President. The company expanded in the early 1900s and again in the 1950s. In 1972, the company merged with the Old Dominion Water Corporation and the Prince William Water Company to become the Virginia American Water Company.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia American Water Company was originally founded in 1852 as the Alexandria Water Company. The idea for a supply of clean water can be attributed to Benjamin Hallowell, who after losing three children to disease, may have realized the importance of clean water. The Alexandria Water Company was chartered by the Virginia Legislature on March 22, 1850 and Hallowell served as its first President. The company expanded in the early 1900s and again in the 1950s. In 1972, the company merged with the Old Dominion Water Corporation and the Prince William Water Company to become the Virginia American Water Company."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Virginia American Water Company Collection, MS103, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Virginia American Water Company Collection, MS103, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Chamber of Commerce, Box 202; Alexandria City Records, Box 19MM, Box 19UU (Water and gas pipes, 1855); Boothe Family Papers, Box 164 (Annual Reports, 1851-1879); Box 195. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eErickson, Philip M., Cdr. Alexandria Water Company Permits: The First 1000 'Pipers.' Alexandria, VA: City of Alexandria Archaeology, 1988. \nHallowell, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Hallowell. Philadelphia: Friends Book Association, 1884. \nSwain, Perry Carpenter. \"Robert Hartshorne Miller, 1798-1874, A Quaker Presence in Alexandria.\" Graduate Thesis, George Washington University, 1988. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria Chamber of Commerce, Box 202; Alexandria City Records, Box 19MM, Box 19UU (Water and gas pipes, 1855); Boothe Family Papers, Box 164 (Annual Reports, 1851-1879); Box 195. ","Erickson, Philip M., Cdr. Alexandria Water Company Permits: The First 1000 'Pipers.' Alexandria, VA: City of Alexandria Archaeology, 1988. \nHallowell, Benjamin. Autobiography of Benjamin Hallowell. Philadelphia: Friends Book Association, 1884. \nSwain, Perry Carpenter. \"Robert Hartshorne Miller, 1798-1874, A Quaker Presence in Alexandria.\" Graduate Thesis, George Washington University, 1988. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of financial records, such as account books from the 1800s; dividend payments; income tax returns from 1919-1928; company records and reports; an employee records book from the 1920s-1940; letters of correspondence; company histories; franchise map; and newsclippings from various newspapers in 1956-1957. Of particular interest are the 1867 property book and the book containing the \"Copies of Deeds, Agreements, \u0026amp; Contracts\" from 1853-1892. Both contain drawings and diagrams of where water pipes had been laid in Old Town.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of financial records, such as account books from the 1800s; dividend payments; income tax returns from 1919-1928; company records and reports; an employee records book from the 1920s-1940; letters of correspondence; company histories; franchise map; and newsclippings from various newspapers in 1956-1957. Of particular interest are the 1867 property book and the book containing the \"Copies of Deeds, Agreements, \u0026 Contracts\" from 1853-1892. Both contain drawings and diagrams of where water pipes had been laid in Old Town."],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Virginia American Water Company"],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Virginia American Water Company"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":123,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:10:55.263Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_19_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"text":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers","title_ssm":["Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1818-1899"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1818/1899"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":52,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:45.450Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.003"],"text":["Ms.1974.003","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.","The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers","In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.","The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040","The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers were donated to Virginia Tech from 1955 to 1990. The American Civil War letters of Harvey Black and the Civil War diaries of John Apperson were donated in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/38\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGermanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGlenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eA Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBiographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2503.xml\"\u003eMedical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml\"\u003eBell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Christian Union\u003c/emph\u003e publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_36b4a62ab56ab232aa259e6ea40349e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson."],"names_coll_ssim":["A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":172,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:41:45.450Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Ledgers","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kent's Store Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kent's Store Records"],"text":["Kent's Store Records","Series III: Ledgers"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Ledgers","title_ssm":["Series III: Ledgers"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Ledgers"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1868-1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1868/1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Ledgers"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Kent's Store Records"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":120,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:30:59.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1631.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kent's Store Records","title_ssm":["Kent's Store Records"],"title_tesim":["Kent's Store Records"],"unitdate_ssm":["1868-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1868-1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.004"],"text":["Ms.1989.004","Kent's Store Records","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by item type, then chronologically, within the following series: ","Series I: Daybooks, 1869-1903. This series contains daybooks maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. Recorded within the day books are all of the transactions at the store for each day of operation. Each entry provides the customer's name, items purchased, and amounts owed or paid. Entries for credit transactions were marked with a check and copied to the corresponding journal for that date. The final book for Kent \u0026 Parrish commences in 1883, the year of James M. Kent's death, and runs through 1901, with later entries detailing the settlement of existing accounts. Daybooks for G. H. Kent \u0026 Company commence immediately upon assumption of the store's operation in August 1883 and continue through 1903, when the company went into trusteeship and the use of daybooks was discontinued. The series is arranged chronologically. ","Series II: Journals, 1868-1947. This series contains business journals maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent. Like the daybooks, the journals contain records of the store's daily transactions. While the daybooks recorded every transaction, however, only credit transactions were copied to the early journals. The journals sometimes record the details of the transaction but often only summaries, including customer name and amounts owed or paid. Accompanying each entry is the page number on which the customer's account may be found in the corresponding account ledger. The final journal for Kent \u0026 Parrish concludes in 1899, as accounts continued to be settled long after James M. Kent's 1883 death. The G. H. Kent \u0026 Company journals commence in 1883, running through 1903, when the store was placed under the trusteeship of S. M. Shepherd. The trusteeship journals span the years 1903 to 1910. Journals from 1906 to 1947 were maintained by G. H. Kent, conducting business under his own name, and by his heirs after his death in 1936. Beginning in 1906, the journals also include the store's cash transactions. The series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Account Ledgers, 1868-1926. This series contains store ledgers maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent. The credit transactions recorded within the daily journals are reconciled here in the account ledgers. The accounts of each credit customer are detailed, including names, dates of purchases, and amounts owed and paid. The accounts are not arranged in any logical order within the ledgers, but each volume includes an alphabetical index, arranged by customer name. A single customer's account may span several pages within an individual ledger and may continue for many years through several volumes. The account ledgers for Kent \u0026 Parrish continue through 1895, as accounts continued to be settled long after ownership had passed to G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. Likewise, two G. H. Kent \u0026 Company ledgers commenced in 1903 continue long past the company's dissolution and were used for the final settlement of existing accounts. Finally, the G. H. Kent ledgers, which commence with Kent's purchase of the store's pharmaceutical inventory in 1906, continue through 1926. The series is arranged chronologically. ","Series IV: Other Business and Financial Records, 1874-1934. This series contains other business and personal financial records of the Kent family. Most of these records relate to the operation of Kent \u0026 Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, as well as a few records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate, and other financial / legal matters. ","Included in the series are such materials as bill ledgers, cash books, and an 1886 inventory, all relating to the store's operation, as well as records tracking the transactions of a number of related businesses. Among these is a volume relating to pharmaceutical sales that lists customers for various poisons, venereal medications, and paregoric). Also included within this series are records relating to the purchasing and selling of apples and fertilizer, a livery stable, mill work, and the store's post office. The series contains a single accounts ledger for blacksmith James Parrish, who seems to have leased his shop from the Kents. The series also contains three ledgers which seem to be related to the store but remain unidentified.","Also within this series are volumes not directly relating to the store's business, including several concerning the administration of the estates of James M. Kent and Rev. Stephen Eastin. Another ledger details the accounts of the Byrd Chapel Building Committee. Completing the series are a few fragments from other related records. The series is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Oversize Materials, 1871-1907. Contained here are materials too large to fit in their respective series.","James Madison Kent, son of John and Elizabeth Baskett Kent, was born in Virginia in 1819. In 1845, Kent purchased from Longston Mosby a tract of land in Fluvanna County, Virginia and built a residence and store near what is today the intersection of Route 601 and Kents Store Way. By 1868, Kent had partnered with his future brother-in-law, Booker Parrish, to form Kent \u0026 Parrish, and in 1870, he married Elizabeth Parrish. The couple would have two sons, George Henry and James Aubrey Kent. ","Kent \u0026 Parrish grew quickly, and by 1870, it had become one of the largest general mercantile stores in Virginia, selling primarily household goods but also catering to the wagon traffic that stopped there en route to deliver tobacco and other products to the James River Canal at Columbia. ","George Henry Kent, oldest son of James and Elizabeth Parrish Kent, was born in Fluvanna County on March 6, 1853. He established the Kent's Store post office in 1874, thus giving the community an official name. Upon the death of his father (August 25, 1883), Kent continued to serve as postmaster while he and his younger brother James assumed operation of the store under the name G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. George H. Kent married Florence Mary Wood in 1881, and the couple had seven children.","Records within the collection indicate that under Kent's management, the store expanded into pharmaceutical and fertilizer sales and began the wholesale buying and selling of locally produced goods (farm crops, livestock, animal skins, etc.). ","G. H. Kent \u0026 Company seems to have passed into trusteeship under S. M. Shepherd in 1903, with the remaining store inventory sold to H. R. Adams. The records within the collection indicate that George Kent purchased the store's pharmaceutical inventory and continued to operate a shop there, doing business under his own name. Following Kent's death (November 16, 1936), the business apparently continued to be operated by family members as late as 1947. ","The guide to the Kent's Store Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Kent's Store Records commenced in June, 2008 and was completed in October, 2008.","This collection consists of financial records maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent, successive owners of a general mercantile store at Kent's Store (Fluvanna County), Virginia. The majority of the collection is comprised of daybooks, journals and their corresponding account ledgers, but it also includes other types of business records such as bill books, cash books, and petty ledgers, relating not only to the store's operation but to several related enterprises, including a post office, pharmaceutical sales, fertilizer purchases and sales, a blacksmith's shop, and a livery stable. The collection also contains records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection includes the business records of Kent's Store in Fluvanna County, Virginia. Account books, including daybooks, journals and ledgers maintained by general mercantile businesses Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Co. and G. H. Kent. Other records include cash books; bill books; post office ledgers; pharmaceutical, fertilizer, mill work, and blacksmith account ledgers; and James M. Kent estate records.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kent's Store Records"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kent's Store Records"],"collection_ssim":["Kent's Store Records"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"creator_ssim":["Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Kent's Store Records were purchased by Special Collections in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["57 Cubic Feet 125 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["57 Cubic Feet 125 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by item type, then chronologically, within the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Daybooks, 1869-1903. This series contains daybooks maintained by Kent \u0026amp; Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company. Recorded within the day books are all of the transactions at the store for each day of operation. Each entry provides the customer's name, items purchased, and amounts owed or paid. Entries for credit transactions were marked with a check and copied to the corresponding journal for that date. The final book for Kent \u0026amp; Parrish commences in 1883, the year of James M. Kent's death, and runs through 1901, with later entries detailing the settlement of existing accounts. Daybooks for G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company commence immediately upon assumption of the store's operation in August 1883 and continue through 1903, when the company went into trusteeship and the use of daybooks was discontinued. The series is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Journals, 1868-1947. This series contains business journals maintained by Kent \u0026amp; Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company, and G. H. Kent. Like the daybooks, the journals contain records of the store's daily transactions. While the daybooks recorded every transaction, however, only credit transactions were copied to the early journals. The journals sometimes record the details of the transaction but often only summaries, including customer name and amounts owed or paid. Accompanying each entry is the page number on which the customer's account may be found in the corresponding account ledger. The final journal for Kent \u0026amp; Parrish concludes in 1899, as accounts continued to be settled long after James M. Kent's 1883 death. The G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company journals commence in 1883, running through 1903, when the store was placed under the trusteeship of S. M. Shepherd. The trusteeship journals span the years 1903 to 1910. Journals from 1906 to 1947 were maintained by G. H. Kent, conducting business under his own name, and by his heirs after his death in 1936. Beginning in 1906, the journals also include the store's cash transactions. The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Account Ledgers, 1868-1926. This series contains store ledgers maintained by Kent \u0026amp; Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company, and G. H. Kent. The credit transactions recorded within the daily journals are reconciled here in the account ledgers. The accounts of each credit customer are detailed, including names, dates of purchases, and amounts owed and paid. The accounts are not arranged in any logical order within the ledgers, but each volume includes an alphabetical index, arranged by customer name. A single customer's account may span several pages within an individual ledger and may continue for many years through several volumes. The account ledgers for Kent \u0026amp; Parrish continue through 1895, as accounts continued to be settled long after ownership had passed to G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company. Likewise, two G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company ledgers commenced in 1903 continue long past the company's dissolution and were used for the final settlement of existing accounts. Finally, the G. H. Kent ledgers, which commence with Kent's purchase of the store's pharmaceutical inventory in 1906, continue through 1926. The series is arranged chronologically. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Other Business and Financial Records, 1874-1934. This series contains other business and personal financial records of the Kent family. Most of these records relate to the operation of Kent \u0026amp; Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company, as well as a few records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate, and other financial / legal matters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIncluded in the series are such materials as bill ledgers, cash books, and an 1886 inventory, all relating to the store's operation, as well as records tracking the transactions of a number of related businesses. Among these is a volume relating to pharmaceutical sales that lists customers for various poisons, venereal medications, and paregoric). Also included within this series are records relating to the purchasing and selling of apples and fertilizer, a livery stable, mill work, and the store's post office. The series contains a single accounts ledger for blacksmith James Parrish, who seems to have leased his shop from the Kents. The series also contains three ledgers which seem to be related to the store but remain unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlso within this series are volumes not directly relating to the store's business, including several concerning the administration of the estates of James M. Kent and Rev. Stephen Eastin. Another ledger details the accounts of the Byrd Chapel Building Committee. Completing the series are a few fragments from other related records. The series is arranged by document type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOversize Materials, 1871-1907. Contained here are materials too large to fit in their respective series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by item type, then chronologically, within the following series: ","Series I: Daybooks, 1869-1903. This series contains daybooks maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. Recorded within the day books are all of the transactions at the store for each day of operation. Each entry provides the customer's name, items purchased, and amounts owed or paid. Entries for credit transactions were marked with a check and copied to the corresponding journal for that date. The final book for Kent \u0026 Parrish commences in 1883, the year of James M. Kent's death, and runs through 1901, with later entries detailing the settlement of existing accounts. Daybooks for G. H. Kent \u0026 Company commence immediately upon assumption of the store's operation in August 1883 and continue through 1903, when the company went into trusteeship and the use of daybooks was discontinued. The series is arranged chronologically. ","Series II: Journals, 1868-1947. This series contains business journals maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent. Like the daybooks, the journals contain records of the store's daily transactions. While the daybooks recorded every transaction, however, only credit transactions were copied to the early journals. The journals sometimes record the details of the transaction but often only summaries, including customer name and amounts owed or paid. Accompanying each entry is the page number on which the customer's account may be found in the corresponding account ledger. The final journal for Kent \u0026 Parrish concludes in 1899, as accounts continued to be settled long after James M. Kent's 1883 death. The G. H. Kent \u0026 Company journals commence in 1883, running through 1903, when the store was placed under the trusteeship of S. M. Shepherd. The trusteeship journals span the years 1903 to 1910. Journals from 1906 to 1947 were maintained by G. H. Kent, conducting business under his own name, and by his heirs after his death in 1936. Beginning in 1906, the journals also include the store's cash transactions. The series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Account Ledgers, 1868-1926. This series contains store ledgers maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent. The credit transactions recorded within the daily journals are reconciled here in the account ledgers. The accounts of each credit customer are detailed, including names, dates of purchases, and amounts owed and paid. The accounts are not arranged in any logical order within the ledgers, but each volume includes an alphabetical index, arranged by customer name. A single customer's account may span several pages within an individual ledger and may continue for many years through several volumes. The account ledgers for Kent \u0026 Parrish continue through 1895, as accounts continued to be settled long after ownership had passed to G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. Likewise, two G. H. Kent \u0026 Company ledgers commenced in 1903 continue long past the company's dissolution and were used for the final settlement of existing accounts. Finally, the G. H. Kent ledgers, which commence with Kent's purchase of the store's pharmaceutical inventory in 1906, continue through 1926. The series is arranged chronologically. ","Series IV: Other Business and Financial Records, 1874-1934. This series contains other business and personal financial records of the Kent family. Most of these records relate to the operation of Kent \u0026 Parrish and G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, as well as a few records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate, and other financial / legal matters. ","Included in the series are such materials as bill ledgers, cash books, and an 1886 inventory, all relating to the store's operation, as well as records tracking the transactions of a number of related businesses. Among these is a volume relating to pharmaceutical sales that lists customers for various poisons, venereal medications, and paregoric). Also included within this series are records relating to the purchasing and selling of apples and fertilizer, a livery stable, mill work, and the store's post office. The series contains a single accounts ledger for blacksmith James Parrish, who seems to have leased his shop from the Kents. The series also contains three ledgers which seem to be related to the store but remain unidentified.","Also within this series are volumes not directly relating to the store's business, including several concerning the administration of the estates of James M. Kent and Rev. Stephen Eastin. Another ledger details the accounts of the Byrd Chapel Building Committee. Completing the series are a few fragments from other related records. The series is arranged by document type, then chronologically.","Oversize Materials, 1871-1907. Contained here are materials too large to fit in their respective series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Madison Kent, son of John and Elizabeth Baskett Kent, was born in Virginia in 1819. In 1845, Kent purchased from Longston Mosby a tract of land in Fluvanna County, Virginia and built a residence and store near what is today the intersection of Route 601 and Kents Store Way. By 1868, Kent had partnered with his future brother-in-law, Booker Parrish, to form Kent \u0026amp; Parrish, and in 1870, he married Elizabeth Parrish. The couple would have two sons, George Henry and James Aubrey Kent. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKent \u0026amp; Parrish grew quickly, and by 1870, it had become one of the largest general mercantile stores in Virginia, selling primarily household goods but also catering to the wagon traffic that stopped there en route to deliver tobacco and other products to the James River Canal at Columbia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Henry Kent, oldest son of James and Elizabeth Parrish Kent, was born in Fluvanna County on March 6, 1853. He established the Kent's Store post office in 1874, thus giving the community an official name. Upon the death of his father (August 25, 1883), Kent continued to serve as postmaster while he and his younger brother James assumed operation of the store under the name G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company. George H. Kent married Florence Mary Wood in 1881, and the couple had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRecords within the collection indicate that under Kent's management, the store expanded into pharmaceutical and fertilizer sales and began the wholesale buying and selling of locally produced goods (farm crops, livestock, animal skins, etc.). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eG. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company seems to have passed into trusteeship under S. M. Shepherd in 1903, with the remaining store inventory sold to H. R. Adams. The records within the collection indicate that George Kent purchased the store's pharmaceutical inventory and continued to operate a shop there, doing business under his own name. Following Kent's death (November 16, 1936), the business apparently continued to be operated by family members as late as 1947. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Madison Kent, son of John and Elizabeth Baskett Kent, was born in Virginia in 1819. In 1845, Kent purchased from Longston Mosby a tract of land in Fluvanna County, Virginia and built a residence and store near what is today the intersection of Route 601 and Kents Store Way. By 1868, Kent had partnered with his future brother-in-law, Booker Parrish, to form Kent \u0026 Parrish, and in 1870, he married Elizabeth Parrish. The couple would have two sons, George Henry and James Aubrey Kent. ","Kent \u0026 Parrish grew quickly, and by 1870, it had become one of the largest general mercantile stores in Virginia, selling primarily household goods but also catering to the wagon traffic that stopped there en route to deliver tobacco and other products to the James River Canal at Columbia. ","George Henry Kent, oldest son of James and Elizabeth Parrish Kent, was born in Fluvanna County on March 6, 1853. He established the Kent's Store post office in 1874, thus giving the community an official name. Upon the death of his father (August 25, 1883), Kent continued to serve as postmaster while he and his younger brother James assumed operation of the store under the name G. H. Kent \u0026 Company. George H. Kent married Florence Mary Wood in 1881, and the couple had seven children.","Records within the collection indicate that under Kent's management, the store expanded into pharmaceutical and fertilizer sales and began the wholesale buying and selling of locally produced goods (farm crops, livestock, animal skins, etc.). ","G. H. Kent \u0026 Company seems to have passed into trusteeship under S. M. Shepherd in 1903, with the remaining store inventory sold to H. R. Adams. The records within the collection indicate that George Kent purchased the store's pharmaceutical inventory and continued to operate a shop there, doing business under his own name. Following Kent's death (November 16, 1936), the business apparently continued to be operated by family members as late as 1947. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Kent's Store Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Kent's Store Records by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kent's Store Records, 1868-1947, Ms1989-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Kent's Store Records, 1868-1947, Ms1989-004, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Kent's Store Records commenced in June, 2008 and was completed in October, 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Kent's Store Records commenced in June, 2008 and was completed in October, 2008."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of financial records maintained by Kent \u0026amp; Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Company, and G. H. Kent, successive owners of a general mercantile store at Kent's Store (Fluvanna County), Virginia. The majority of the collection is comprised of daybooks, journals and their corresponding account ledgers, but it also includes other types of business records such as bill books, cash books, and petty ledgers, relating not only to the store's operation but to several related enterprises, including a post office, pharmaceutical sales, fertilizer purchases and sales, a blacksmith's shop, and a livery stable. The collection also contains records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of financial records maintained by Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Company, and G. H. Kent, successive owners of a general mercantile store at Kent's Store (Fluvanna County), Virginia. The majority of the collection is comprised of daybooks, journals and their corresponding account ledgers, but it also includes other types of business records such as bill books, cash books, and petty ledgers, relating not only to the store's operation but to several related enterprises, including a post office, pharmaceutical sales, fertilizer purchases and sales, a blacksmith's shop, and a livery stable. The collection also contains records relating to the administration of James M. Kent's estate."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0cd30652028cd749d23dda0d92cd3ace\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes the business records of Kent's Store in Fluvanna County, Virginia. Account books, including daybooks, journals and ledgers maintained by general mercantile businesses Kent \u0026amp; Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026amp; Co. and G. H. Kent. Other records include cash books; bill books; post office ledgers; pharmaceutical, fertilizer, mill work, and blacksmith account ledgers; and James M. Kent estate records.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes the business records of Kent's Store in Fluvanna County, Virginia. Account books, including daybooks, journals and ledgers maintained by general mercantile businesses Kent \u0026 Parrish, G. H. Kent \u0026 Co. and G. H. Kent. Other records include cash books; bill books; post office ledgers; pharmaceutical, fertilizer, mill work, and blacksmith account ledgers; and James M. Kent estate records."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Kent's Store (Kents Store, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":184,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:30:59.324Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1631_c03"}},{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series II: Illustrations","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02","ref_ssm":["viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02"],"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","parent_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","parent_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_20"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viur_repositories_4_resources_20"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Richmond Print Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Richmond Print Collection"],"text":["Richmond Print Collection","Series II: Illustrations"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series II: Illustrations","title_ssm":["Series II: Illustrations"],"title_tesim":["Series II: Illustrations"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1896"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1831/1896"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series II: Illustrations"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Print Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":12,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:11:25.946Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","ead_ssi":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","_root_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","_nest_parent_":"viur_repositories_4_resources_20","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/RICH/repositories_4_resources_20.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond Print Collection"],"title_tesim":["Richmond Print Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1831-1892"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1831-1892"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS-17","/repositories/4/resources/20"],"text":["MS-17","/repositories/4/resources/20","Richmond Print Collection","Richmond (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons","Richmond (Va.) -- Capital disaster, 1870","Clippings","Maps","Subseries 1A: Civil War maps Subseries 1B: Other maps","Subseries 2A: Pre-Civil War Richmond Subseries 2B: Richmond in the Civil War Subseries 2C: Campaigns of the Civil War  Subseries 2D: Post Civil-War Richmond","The majority of pieces within the collection come from one of three sources: weekly newspapers  Harper's Weekly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper  (in one case, a German-language edition printed in New York), and one-time publication  Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies .  Harper's Weekly  was published in New York from 1857 to 1916 as an offshoot of the more popular  Harper's Monthly ; both publications covered a variety of topics, including politics, literature, arts, humor, and illustrations, although the  Weekly  was especially famed for coverage of the events of the Civil War as they unfolded.  Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper  was published in New York from 1855 to 1921 under a variety of titles; the German language edition,  Frank Leslie's Illustrirte Zeitung , was published from 1857 to 1894, also in New York.  Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies , often referred to by historians as the  War of the Rebellion Atlas , was created as a companion piece to the  Official Records of the American Civil War , a collection of primary sources from both sides of the war, including orders, correspondence, and diagrams; maps were compiled into the Atlas. Of special note here are those included on Plate LXXXI, which were created originally by Jedediah Hotchkiss for Stonewall Jackson and whose detail and precision are credited as being a factor in Jackson's success.","Titles included in the finding aid are taken from the items themselves.","Processed by John Durvin.","The collection consists of two series: maps and illustrations. Series I, Maps, is subdivided into Civil War era, arranged chronologically by year of publication and including several campaign maps from the definitive  Atlas , and two additional maps.","Series II, Illustrations, tends to come from contemporary newspapers, and as such, the reverse sides may feature editorials and propaganda in support of the Union and ridiculing both the South and the pro-reconciliation views of the British, as well as fiction, poetry, and advertisements for patent medicines and sundry other items.","Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.","This collection of contemporary (and near-contemporary) maps, woodcuts, and steel engravings illustrates the history of Richmond and environs from the 1830s to the 1870s, largely centered on the Civil War Era, but also featuring several illustrations of the disasters of 1870.","University of Richmond ","Libby Prison","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885","English German"],"unitid_tesim":["MS-17","/repositories/4/resources/20"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond Print Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond Print Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond Print Collection"],"repository_ssm":["University of Richmond"],"repository_ssim":["University of Richmond"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- History","Confederate States of America","Richmond (Va.) -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Prisoners and prisons"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The immediate source of acquisition for this collection is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) -- Capital disaster, 1870","Clippings","Maps"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) -- Capital disaster, 1870","Clippings","Maps"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 1 box"],"physfacet_tesim":["27 items: 8 maps, 19 illustrations (4 color, 15 black/white)"],"genreform_ssim":["Clippings","Maps"],"date_range_isim":[1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1A: Civil War maps\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 1B: Other maps\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2A: Pre-Civil War Richmond\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2B: Richmond in the Civil War\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2C: Campaigns of the Civil War \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries 2D: Post Civil-War Richmond\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries 1A: Civil War maps Subseries 1B: Other maps","Subseries 2A: Pre-Civil War Richmond Subseries 2B: Richmond in the Civil War Subseries 2C: Campaigns of the Civil War  Subseries 2D: Post Civil-War Richmond"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of pieces within the collection come from one of three sources: weekly newspapers \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eHarper's Weekly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/emph\u003e (in one case, a German-language edition printed in New York), and one-time publication \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eAtlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies\u003c/emph\u003e. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/emph\u003e was published in New York from 1857 to 1916 as an offshoot of the more popular \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eHarper's Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e; both publications covered a variety of topics, including politics, literature, arts, humor, and illustrations, although the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eWeekly\u003c/emph\u003e was especially famed for coverage of the events of the Civil War as they unfolded. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper\u003c/emph\u003e was published in New York from 1855 to 1921 under a variety of titles; the German language edition, \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eFrank Leslie's Illustrirte Zeitung\u003c/emph\u003e, was published from 1857 to 1894, also in New York. \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eAtlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies\u003c/emph\u003e, often referred to by historians as the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eWar of the Rebellion Atlas\u003c/emph\u003e, was created as a companion piece to the \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eOfficial Records of the American Civil War\u003c/emph\u003e, a collection of primary sources from both sides of the war, including orders, correspondence, and diagrams; maps were compiled into the Atlas. Of special note here are those included on Plate LXXXI, which were created originally by Jedediah Hotchkiss for Stonewall Jackson and whose detail and precision are credited as being a factor in Jackson's success.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The majority of pieces within the collection come from one of three sources: weekly newspapers  Harper's Weekly and Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper  (in one case, a German-language edition printed in New York), and one-time publication  Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies .  Harper's Weekly  was published in New York from 1857 to 1916 as an offshoot of the more popular  Harper's Monthly ; both publications covered a variety of topics, including politics, literature, arts, humor, and illustrations, although the  Weekly  was especially famed for coverage of the events of the Civil War as they unfolded.  Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper  was published in New York from 1855 to 1921 under a variety of titles; the German language edition,  Frank Leslie's Illustrirte Zeitung , was published from 1857 to 1894, also in New York.  Atlas to Accompany the Official Records of the Union and Confederate Armies , often referred to by historians as the  War of the Rebellion Atlas , was created as a companion piece to the  Official Records of the American Civil War , a collection of primary sources from both sides of the war, including orders, correspondence, and diagrams; maps were compiled into the Atlas. Of special note here are those included on Plate LXXXI, which were created originally by Jedediah Hotchkiss for Stonewall Jackson and whose detail and precision are credited as being a factor in Jackson's success."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-17, Richmond Print Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026amp; Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Box Number, Folder Number], MS-17, Richmond Print Collection, Book Arts, Archives, \u0026 Rare Books, Boatwright Memorial Library, University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTitles included in the finding aid are taken from the items themselves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessed by John Durvin.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Titles included in the finding aid are taken from the items themselves.","Processed by John Durvin."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of two series: maps and illustrations. Series I, Maps, is subdivided into Civil War era, arranged chronologically by year of publication and including several campaign maps from the definitive \u003cemph render=\"italics\"\u003eAtlas\u003c/emph\u003e, and two additional maps.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II, Illustrations, tends to come from contemporary newspapers, and as such, the reverse sides may feature editorials and propaganda in support of the Union and ridiculing both the South and the pro-reconciliation views of the British, as well as fiction, poetry, and advertisements for patent medicines and sundry other items.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of two series: maps and illustrations. Series I, Maps, is subdivided into Civil War era, arranged chronologically by year of publication and including several campaign maps from the definitive  Atlas , and two additional maps.","Series II, Illustrations, tends to come from contemporary newspapers, and as such, the reverse sides may feature editorials and propaganda in support of the Union and ridiculing both the South and the pro-reconciliation views of the British, as well as fiction, poetry, and advertisements for patent medicines and sundry other items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright restrictions may apply. Unpublished manuscripts are protected by copyright.  Permission to publish, quote, or reproduce must be secured from the repository and the copyright holder."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_61d8a450dbe95ea20e68a1d75841bdb2\"\u003eThis collection of contemporary (and near-contemporary) maps, woodcuts, and steel engravings illustrates the history of Richmond and environs from the 1830s to the 1870s, largely centered on the Civil War Era, but also featuring several illustrations of the disasters of 1870.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection of contemporary (and near-contemporary) maps, woodcuts, and steel engravings illustrates the history of Richmond and environs from the 1830s to the 1870s, largely centered on the Civil War Era, but also featuring several illustrations of the disasters of 1870."],"names_coll_ssim":["Libby Prison","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885"],"names_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Libby Prison","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885"],"corpname_ssim":["University of Richmond ","Libby Prison"],"persname_ssim":["Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1889","McClellan, George B. (George Brinton), 1826-1885"],"language_ssim":["English German"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T00:11:25.946Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viur_repositories_4_resources_20_c02"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Military","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"text":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Series III. Military"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Military","title_ssm":["Series III. Military"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Military"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1902"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1902"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Military"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1174,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:11.431Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4540.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers","title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1783-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1783-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2025.074"],"text":["Ms.2025.074","Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874. Subseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865. Subseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.","The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. ","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. ","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.","The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."," Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts. Subseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions.  Subseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2025.074"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creators_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated in April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874. Subseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865. Subseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. ","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. ","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.  \u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts. Subseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions.  Subseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e618e9a9170b925d5ffa8d5c7635be0b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1313,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:11.431Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c03"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Miscellaneous","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_105"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"text":["Charles E. Hewins Papers","Series III: Miscellaneous","This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Miscellaneous","title_ssm":["Series III: Miscellaneous"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Miscellaneous"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1856, 1927, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1856/1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Miscellaneous"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":42,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n  \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C87a4aa13-6a96-4ea2-82ae-6ebd878c6b35/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains miscellaneous materials, among which are a brief genealogical chart of the Hewins family and a newspaper obituary for Charles Hewins."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:42:28.789Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_105","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_105.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/105","title_filing_ssi":"Hewins, Charles E.","title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1856-1951, undated","Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1856-1951, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 03/10/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"text":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105","Charles E. Hewins Papers","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands","Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.","Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates","For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections .","The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 26","/repositories/5/resources/105"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Charles E. Hewins Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"creator_ssm":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"creators_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","United States. Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mr. Edward F. Hewins","Gift. Accession #A78-19"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Battle of, Galveston, Tex., 1863","Civic leaders--Virginia--Hampton","Lincoln, Abraham, 1809-1865--Assassination","Sherman's March to the Sea","Hampton Roads (Va. : Region)--History, Military","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.20 Linear Feet","One half Hollinger document case boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into three series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Military Records; Series III: Miscellaneous. The correspondence is arranged by receipient."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026amp; A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Susan E. Yates\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain Charles Hewins was born in Dorchester, Mass., September 2, 1841 and was the second of six children born to John and Charlotte Hewins. Volunteering at the beginning of the Civil War in the Union Army, Hewins was enrolled in Company I, 42nd Massachusetts Infantry. Hewins served in Company I until January 1863 when he was taken prisoner at Galveston, Texas. During this same year, Charles' oldest brother William was killed at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Charles however, was fortunately paroled after a short confinement in a prisoner of war camp. After a prisoner exchange was arranged at New Orleans, Hewins returned for a brief period to his home in Dorchester and then came to Fort Monroe near the close of the Civil War. While stationed at Fort Monroe, Hewins and his friend Albert Howe served under Captain Charles Wilder in the Freedman's Bureau. Following the war, both Hewins and Howe began collaborating in the general mercantile business in Hampton, Virginia.","A few years later, Charles Hewins began developing his business interests in oyster planting and harvesting. He remained in the oyster field for the rest of his life, and during the first year of business, owned and sailed two vessels, The Independence and The Farmer's Return. As one of the pioneer oyster planters of Virginia, Hewins held oyster grounds at Ballast Marsh and Hampton Bar.","On March 31, 1891 Charles Hewins married Mary E. Coats of New York state, at the time a teacher at the Hampton Institute. They resided until his death in the home that he had built on a tract of land purchased from the former Bates Estate.","Charles Hewins was active in community affairs and was a member of St. Tammany Lodge No. 5, A.F. \u0026 A.M., and of the Hampton Commandry, Knights Templar. In 1927 Hewins suffered a stroke of paralysis and died several months later, at the age of 86.","Among those who survived Charles Hewins was his only son, Edward F. Hewins. Edward Hewins was born in 1893 in Hampton, Virginia and is the donor of the Hewins Papers to the Old Dominion University Department of Archives and Manuscripts. Educated at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Edward Hewins achieved prominence in the Tidewater area as a marine architect at the Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock Company. As was his father, he was active in local civic organizations until well advanced in years.","Note written by Susan E. Yates"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3AdeliverableUnit%7C03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eODU Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Related Digital Material"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["ODU Digital Collections"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in \u003ca href=\"https://dc.lib.odu.edu/digital/collection/hewins/search\"\u003eODU Libraries Digital Collections\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["For preservation reasons, researchers should use the digitized documents in  ODU Libraries Digital Collections ."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Charles E. Hewins Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the \u003ca href=\"https://olddomuni.access.preservica.com/uncategorized/SO_03843740-ad44-4370-a698-487ec8bec648/\"\u003eOld Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains letters, military records, and other material related to Charles E. Hewins, a Massachusetts soldier who fought in the American Civil War. The bulk of the collection consists of letters written to and from Hewins, mostly dealing with the Civil War. Some of the topics include the assassination of Abraham Lincoln, General Sherman's southern campaign, and daily life during the war. The collection also contains military records for Hewins as well as a genealogical chart of his family. The collection has been digitized and can be found in the  Old Dominion University Libraries Digital Collections."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_764157c39486b63c2402ebbefd05721f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRelates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Relates primarily to Captain Charles E. Hewins (1841-1927), a Union soldier who settled in Hampton, Virginia after the war. Contains correspondence, and Civil War military papers documenting his activities in the Civil War and Reconstruction."],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd","Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Army. Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, 42nd"],"persname_ssim":["Hewins, Charles E. (1841-1927)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":47,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:42:28.789Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_105_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"text":["Bailey-Law Collection","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","title_ssm":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"title_tesim":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1971"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":134,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:37.482Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1363.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bailey-Law Collection","title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1982.002"],"text":["Ms.1982.002","Bailey-Law Collection","Ornithology","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.","The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.","Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. ","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1982.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bailey-Law Collection was obtained in several separate accruals. The lithographed plates from Bailey's  The Birds of Florida  were donated to Special Collections in 1980. The bulk of the collection, however, was received via transfers from Virginia Tech's Department of Biology in 1982 and from the Virginia Museum of Natural History at Virginia Tech in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/368\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThough he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLaw married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note - Harold Harris Bailey","Biographical Note - John Eugene Law"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's \u003cextref href=\"https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"online catalog\"\u003eonline catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1913) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History\u003c/title\u003e, together with sample issues of the publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1967).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1972).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f419c7b4e4e2820af0c941b645e14b03\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1290,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:37.482Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Norfolk History","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","parent_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_235"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_235"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"text":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers","Series III: Norfolk History"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Norfolk History","title_ssm":["Series III: Norfolk History"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Norfolk History"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1776-1991, undated"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1776/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Norfolk History"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":79,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:44:10.790Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_235","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_235.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/235","title_filing_ssi":"Tazewell, Calvert Walke","title_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"title_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1900-1997, undated","Date acquired: 06/30/2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1900-1997, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/30/2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235"],"text":["MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235","Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous.","Calvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Retired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives.","ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 75","/repositories/5/resources/235"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"creator_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"creators_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["C.W. Tazewell","Gift. Accession #A2000-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--History--19th century","Boush-Tazewell-Waller House"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.80 Linear Feet","12 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.80 Linear Feet","12 Hollinger document cases boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into six series: Series I: Norfolk Historical Society; Series II: Virginia History Federation; Series III: Norfolk History; Series IV: Boush-Tazewell-Waller House; Series V: Papers of Phillip Brower; and Series VI: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCalvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Calvert Walke Tazewell was born in 1917 in Norfolk, Virginia. He was educated in public and private schools in Norfolk. He enlisted in the Army Air Corps in 1937 and received a commission while overseas in World War Two. During the war he received the Bronze Star Medal for his service in the China Campaign. He reached the rank of Lt. Colonel, serving in communications and electronics and as commanding officer. He retired from active duty in 1959.\nAfter the military, he worked as Civil Defense Coordinator for Dade County Florida, taught Civil Defense courses, worked for the Florida State Board of Health, and the Health-Welfare-Recreation Planning Council after returning to Norfolk.\nTazewell founded the Norfolk Historical Society, a group dedicated to preserving all aspects of local history, in 1965. He served as its president for two terms, then as Executive Vice President. He was also a co-founder of the Virginia History Federation, an organization that sought to link all history related groups in Virginia. He served as the Federation's first president in 1969. Tazewell was the founder and director of the Hampton Roads Central Library, an internet digital library and archive from 1993-1997. He also operated the W. S. Dawson publishing company until 1997.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Calvert Walke Tazewell Papers includes correspondence, newsletters, press releases, meeting reports, and other papers relating to the Norfolk Historical Society, Virginia History Federation and the Friends of the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House. Also included in the collection are biographical and genealogical material about General Douglas MacArthur, as well as various papers documenting the history of Norfolk."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9db00925d4507cfd6260d63f1350e08e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eRetired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Retired USAF lieutenant colonel, author, publisher, local historian. The collection includes papers from Tazewell's years as president of the Norfolk Historical Society and Virginia History Federation. Also included is information on the Boush-Tazewell-Waller House and papers of Philip Brower, former archivist of the MacArthur Memorial in Norfolk. Brower's papers include research on General Douglas MacArthur, personal papers and papers regarding the MacArthur Memorial Archives."],"names_coll_ssim":["Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)","Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Norfolk Historical Society (Va.)","Virginia History Federation","MacArthur Memorial","Maury High School (Norfolk, Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Tazewell, C. W. (Calvert Walke) (1917-2002)","MacArthur, Douglas"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":260,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-04-30T21:44:10.790Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_235_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533_c02","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series II: Invitations","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533_c02","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533_c02"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533_c02","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"text":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence","Series II: Invitations"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series II: Invitations","title_ssm":["Series II: Invitations"],"title_tesim":["Series II: Invitations"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1874-1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1874/1935"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series II: Invitations"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":28,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","timestamp":"2026-04-30T23:37:41.395Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2533","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2533.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Stratton, William Avery, Correspondence","title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1940","1864-1880"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1864-1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1940"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.114"],"text":["Ms.2009.114","William Avery Stratton Correspondence","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. ","George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. ","The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Stratton","Chase","Robinson","Ten Brock","Ten Broeck","Juliand","Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","The material in the collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.114"],"normalized_title_ssm":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_title_tesim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"collection_ssim":["William Avery Stratton Correspondence"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"creators_ssim":["Currier, Lottie (Charlotte?) Lewis","Chase, Hattie","Brown, Alice","Robinson, Charles L.","MacFarland, Ira","MacFarland, Alice Stratton, b.1864","Juliand, Sarah Stratton","Stratton, Tracy Frink, b.1858","Stratton, Harvey J., b.1850","Stratton, George, 1823-1910","Stratton, Edward L., b.1847","Stratton, William Avery, 1845-1939","Stratton family (Oxford, New York)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The William Avery Stratton Correspondence was purchased by Special Collections before 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.4 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026amp; Withers, later Robinson \u0026amp; Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026amp; Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eStarting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in three series–Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, and Series III: Ephemera. ","Series I: Correspondence, 1864-1940, contains more than 75 years of personal and business letters written to, and in a few cases, by, Stratton. A majority of the letters are from immediate and extended family. The remainder are from friends and business associates. In addition to his own jobs over the years, Stratton appears to have facilitated business transactions for his family's dairy.","Hattie Chase (Stratton's cousin), wrote Stratton a number of letters from Georgia concerning treatment and perceptions of African-Americans in the south after the American Civil War. Her letters continue into the early 1870s. After 1871, Stratton's brother, Edward, also writes about African-Americans, when he moved to Bolton, Mississippi, for a job with Robinson \u0026 Withers, later Robinson \u0026 Williams, then C. L. Robinson \u0026 Co. Charles L. Robinson was probably a relation through William and Edward's mother and step-mother.","Starting in 1878, Stratton received letters from a cousin, Eli Ten Brock, and a number of other friends living out west. These letters contain discussion of troubles with Indians, the growth of the railroad, and cattle driving in Oregon, Colorado, Nevada, and Texas. These were not the only colorful characters with whom he corresponded. After an unknown attack of some kind while living in Mississippi, a friend advised him that \"if I had been in your place I would have shot a hole in him big enough to see what he had for last meal.\" His friend then recommends he buy a pistol and \"shoot the H--l out of the first man that attempts to molest [him].\" Later letters from his sister and brother-in-law, Alice and Ira MacFarland, relate stories of gold mining and ranching in Nevada.","This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Invitations, 1874-1935, includes invitations to events in and around Oxford, New York, and other locations. It contains two subseries: Subseries I: Weddings and Anniversaries, 1874-1935, and Subseries II: Graduations and Reunions, 1890-1900. Subseries I includes weddings and anniversary party invitations and announcements. Many of these have place cards attached. Subseries II contains invitations to graduation and reunion events at the Oxford Academy, some of which have attached calling cards.","This series is arranged chronologically within each subseries. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAlthough some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Stratton (1823-1910) married Mariette Robinson (abt. 1824-1865) in January 1845. They had six children, all born in Oxford, New York: William Avery (1845-1939), Edward L. (b. December 1847), Harvey J. (b. January 1850), Luke A. (1853-1862), Tracy Frink (b. June 1858), and Alice Robinson (b. February 1864). Some time between 1866 and 1870, George married his first wife's cousin, Maria A. Robinson. George and his four sons who survived to adulthood were all involved in dairy farming and lumber work at one time or another. Stratton seems to have worked in both business, probably in an office capacity, after mid-1881.","Although some details of Stratton's life are unknown, a great deal can be found in the letters. He spent much of his life in parts of Chenango County, New York. He never married. He went to the Oxford Academy, which continued to serve (in an expanded form), as the central school district for Oxford. Around 1866, he attended business college in Poughkeepsie, New York. ","In 1870 and early 1871, Stratton seems to have been looking for work. After a brief trip to visit family and friends in Mississippi and Georgia in the spring of 1871, he settled in Washington, DC, having taken a clerk position with the Office of Internal Revenue, Treasury Department. In 1877, he left the Treasury Department and traveled in California and Oregon. Letters from his trip, as well as after, suggest he may be been looking to find work there. He was back in Oxford the next year, however. By the spring of 1879, Stratton was working for Lord and Taylor in New York City. In 1881, he moved to Othello, Mississippi. Some time after May 1881, he returned again to Chenango County. It is unclear if he remained with the family business(es) or found other work. He died in 1939. His sister, Alice, was his only sibling still alive at that time. "],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the William Avery Stratton Correspondence by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], William Avery Stratton Correspondence, Ms2009-114, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the William Avery Stratton Correspondence commenced in August 2009 and was completed in September 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to \u003cfamname normal=\"Stratton family\"\u003eStratton\u003c/famname\u003es, other connected families include the \u003cfamname normal=\"Chase family\"\u003eChase\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Robinson family\"\u003eRobinson\u003c/famname\u003es, the \u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Brock\u003c/famname\u003es (\u003cfamname normal=\"Ten Brock family\"\u003eTen Broeck\u003c/famname\u003es) and the \u003cfamname normal=\"Juliand family\"\u003eJuliand\u003c/famname\u003es. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eNote:\u003c/emph\u003e There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.","A significant portion of the family correspondence shares news from places around the country. There is also an emphasis on family business (the selling of butter from the farm, land, and stock dividends, for example) and local politics. Stratton's extended family lived throughout central and eastern New York, as well as in other parts of the country, and appear often throughout the correspondence both as writers and topics. In addition to  Stratton s, other connected families include the  Chase s, the  Robinson s, the  Ten Brock s ( Ten Broeck s) and the  Juliand s. A list of major correspondents by decade is provided under \"Series I: Correspondence\" below.","Note:  There is very little correspondence for the period of June 1882 through November 1890, and none for the period of 1920 to 1934. ","In addition to letters, the collection also contains a series of wedding and graduation invitations. During the second half of his life, while living predominantly in Oxford, New York, Stratton appears to have been a popular invitee. Many of the graduation invitations are for his old school, the Oxford Academy. Other materials include miscellaneous photographs and business papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a2c557dbed680fa65195ca0d39786ac4\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. The collection also contains a large number of wedding and graduation invitations for events in Oxford, New York, where Stratton spent much of his life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains correspondence to William Avery Stratton from friends and family. Letters date from as early as the American Civil War (1864) to the year after Stratton's death (1940). For the most part, letters are about social and family news, though some of the early letters contain Civil War and post-bellum news from the South. Letters from friends in Oregon, Colorado, and Nevada also provide details on Indian affairs, railroad growth, and cattle in the West. 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