{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Staunton+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1868\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Staunton+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled, \u003cem\u003eThe Heizer Family: American Pioneers\u003c/em\u003e by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3161.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Heizer, James F. \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection","title_ssm":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"title_tesim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.013"],"text":["Ms.2016.013","James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized.  Digitized documents and transcripts are available online .","The collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end.","James Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. ","The pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. ","In a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. ","By 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). ","In 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. ","Sources: Find a Grave \nAncestry Library Edition\n","The processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017.","This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.","This folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.","This folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.","This folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.","This folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby.","Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"collection_ssim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was purchased by Special Collections in December 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been digitized. \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2016-013\"\u003eDigitized documents and transcripts are available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized.  Digitized documents and transcripts are available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10479242\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/a\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAncestry Library Edition\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. ","The pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. ","In a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. ","By 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). ","In 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. ","Sources: Find a Grave \nAncestry Library Edition\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection, Ms2016-013, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection, Ms2016-013, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Heizer Family: American Pioneers\u003c/title\u003e by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.","This folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.","This folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.","This folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.","This folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ea8be4d2de78efeabc77896f9d15993a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Heizer Family: American Pioneers\u003c/title\u003e by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"persname_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:19.125Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3161.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Heizer, James F. \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection","title_ssm":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"title_tesim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1868"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.013"],"text":["Ms.2016.013","James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized.  Digitized documents and transcripts are available online .","The collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end.","James Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. ","The pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. ","In a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. ","By 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). ","In 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. ","Sources: Find a Grave \nAncestry Library Edition\n","The processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017.","This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.","This folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.","This folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.","This folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.","This folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby.","Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.013"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"collection_ssim":["James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creator_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"creators_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Buena Vista (Va.)","Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was purchased by Special Collections in December 2015."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been digitized. \u003ca href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Ms2016-013\"\u003eDigitized documents and transcripts are available online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["This collection has been digitized.  Digitized documents and transcripts are available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged in chronological order , with undated materials are at the end."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSources:\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003ca href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10479242\"\u003eFind a Grave\u003c/a\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nAncestry Library Edition\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Francis \"Frank\" Heizer was born in 1841 in Churchville, Augusta County, Va. His parents were James and Sarah J. Heizer and he had at least three siblings. Prior to the Civil War, he lived on his family's farm and worked as laborer. On April 19, 1861, Frank enlisted as a private in Company I, 14th Regiment, Virginia Cavalry and McClanahan's Battery. Alongside details of Frank's military service, this collection details the relationship between Frank and his longtime friend and love interest, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). Pheobe Ann(e) McCormick (also known as Annie) was born in Augusta County, Va., in 1845. ","The pair's first engagement took place on April 18, 1864, when Frank revealed his feelings to Pheobe in a letter. A year later, the pair broke their engagement on August 10, 1865, based on Frank's \"wishes to be released\" so that he could freely pursue a career as a student and later, a traveling artist. The pair kept in touch through the years and eventually reconciled on January 21, 1867, re-establishing their engagement. ","In a letter dated January 22, 1867, Pheobe accepted Frank's second proposal by stating: \"I feel that I can't trust myself to write you a long letter now but will give you the reply that Gen'l Jackson sent to Santa Anna. 'If he wants me, let him come and take me.'\" The pair married on February 21, 1867. ","By 1870, Frank and Pheobe were living in Augusta County and they had the first of their children. Records suggest they had at least eight children:  William A. (1870-1932); Ida B. (later Ott) (abt. 1874-?); Mary R. (later McComb) (1874-1949?); Eveline Frances (or Frances E. or F. Evelyn) (1878-1960); Willie (abt. 1877-?); James W. (married Lillian Holt) (1880-1945); Robert E. (1882-?); Francis P. (1887-?). ","In 1880, the family was still in Augusta County and Frank's occupation on the census was listed as \"farmer.\" By 1900, they had relocated to Buena Vista and Frank was working as a carpenter. Pheobe died in 1906, at the age of 61. James lived another 24 years and his daughter Frances continued to live with him. By 1920, Frank was working as a commissioner of revenue at the court house in Buena Vista. He died in 1930, at the age of 88. Both he and Phoebe are buried in Buena Vista, along with two of their children. ","Sources: Find a Grave \nAncestry Library Edition\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection, Ms2016-013, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection, Ms2016-013, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection was completed in June 2017."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Heizer Family: American Pioneers\u003c/title\u003e by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, and is accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Harion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer (1841-1930), a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick (1845-1906). This collection also includes a few of Pheobe's letters to Frank, though many of her letters were burned after being answered, as per a request by Pheobe in an attempt to conceal their relationship status until after the war. The letters include a variety of information about the war and Heizer's movements throughout the state, along with his wishes for leave and travel plans. Along with these wartime details, the letters include a good deal of conversation involving the blossoming friendship between Frank and Pheobe, and eventually their romantic relationship. This period includes letters in which their engagement is made and then broken, and is followed by letters that include much sarcasm and veiled insults towards one another. After about a year, the pair had reconnected and had re-established their engagement, eventually marrying and having 9 children together.","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, and conversations about Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence. In a letter dated April 18, 1864, Frank confesses his romantic feelings to Pheobe and asks her to accept his marriage proposal. Also included in this folder is Heizer's written record of service during \"The war between the states - 1861-1865\".","This folder includes letters that discuss information about Heizer's regiment movements, friend/family news, questions about personal correspondence between Frank and Pheobe, and Frank's desired educational pursuits. In a letter dated Aug. 10, 1865, Frank and Pheobe broke off their engagement on the basis of Frank's wishes to be released from the relationship.","This folder contains letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, each person's daily activities, family and acquaintance news. Additionally included, is news of Frank's leaving school at Roanoke College to pursue work as a traveling artist.","This folder includes a letter from Pheobe's sister, Becca and letters that discuss Frank and Pheobe's personal correspondence, family and friend sickness updates and each individual's travels. In a letter dated January 21, 1867, Frank recants his earlier wishes to be released from the pair's engagement and asks Pheobe again to marry him. She replies in a later letter with the simple phrase: \"I feel that I cant trust myself to write you a long letter now, but will give you the reply that Gen'l\nJackson sent to Santa Anna. \"If he wants me, let him come and take me.\"\nThe pair married in February 1867.","This folder contains letters that detail information on Frank's teaching and travels, news of Pheobe's sickness/family sickness, the health and well-being of the pair's new baby (birthdate unknown) and news of house repairs.","This folder includes letters to Frank from his sister Jennie, from Pheobe's sister Becca, both womens letters detail Pheobe's sickness and health news, along with the welfare of Frank and Pheobe's baby."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026amp; Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from James Francis Heizer \u0026 Phoebe Anne McCormick Heizer Collection must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ea8be4d2de78efeabc77896f9d15993a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Heizer Family: American Pioneers\u003c/title\u003e by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection consists of 100+ letters written between the years of 1863–1868, accompanied by a book entitled,  The Heizer Family: American Pioneers  by James Marion Heizer c.1861-1868. The majority of the letters are authored by James Francis (Frank) Heizer, a private in the Confederate army, whose letters are mostly addressed to his love interest and eventual fiance, Pheobe Ann McCormick."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"persname_ssim":["Heizer, James Francis, 1841-1930","Heizer, Phoebe Anne McCormick, 1845-1906"],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:19.125Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3161"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1903","1840-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1840-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.021"],"text":["Ms.2016.021","Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","Staunton (Va.)","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.","Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.","The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection was purchased in three separate accession between August and November of 2016. Additional materials were acquired in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Additional letters may be received in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_44a8a27bd665e0182ea0c8d96de08626\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:02.995Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3170.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1840-1903","1840-1868"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1840-1868"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1840-1903"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2016.021"],"text":["Ms.2016.021","Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection","Staunton (Va.)","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.","Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.","The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2016.021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Staunton (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Staunton (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection was purchased in three separate accession between August and November of 2016. Additional materials were acquired in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Additional letters may be received in the future."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Health","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.6 Cubic Feet 1 box; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into two series, Correspondence and Annual reports, which are each arranged in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Originally called the Western State Lunatic Asylum, the Western Lunatic Asylum was a hospital for the mentally ill in Staunton, Virginia, opening in 1828. In its early years, the institution was a resort-style asylum, directed under Dr. Francis T. Stribling. Dr. Stribling promoted a clean, healthy, and kind atmosphere that would aid in the healing process of his patients. While Dr. Stribling was the director of the hospital, patients were well cared for and treated with respect.","This model of care vanished in the 1900s, replaced by the overcrowding and the warehousing of patients. Techniques such as physical restraints and straitjackets were then used. After the passage of the Eugenical Sterilization Act of 1924 in Virginia, patients at the Western Lunatic Asylum were sterilized (sometimes forcibly) under the authorization of Joseph DeJarnette, a noted eugenicist. He was the director of the hospital from 1905 to 1943, implementing much stricter and harsher practices than his predecessor. Electroshock therapy and lobotomies were also practiced at the institution.","The hospital moved to its present site off of Interstate 81, and the property remained vacated until it was converted in the 1970s into the Staunton Correctional Center, a men's penitentiary. The prison closed in 2003, and the site was then left vacant again for several years. In 2005, the state of Virginia gave the property to the Staunton Industrial Authority, and the facility has now been converted into condominiums called The Villages at Staunton."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-%20work/public-domain/cc0/\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Western Lunatic Asylum [Staunton, Virginia] Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your- work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Western Lunatic Asylum Collection, Ms2016-021, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Western Lunatic Asylum Collection was completed in December 2016. Additional arrangement and description was completed in April 2018. The 2018 and 2019 accessions were processed on a rolling basis and the finding aid was updated in June 2019 and July 2021."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 to about 1870, as well as final year reports from 1862 and 1903. The correspondece relates to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, and most of the letters are written to Dr. Francis T. Stribling, the director of the Western Lunatic Asylum, by family members of patients concerning their care."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (\u003ca href=\"mailto:specref@vt.edu\"\u003especref@vt.edu\u003c/a\u003e or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives ( specref@vt.edu  or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_44a8a27bd665e0182ea0c8d96de08626\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Western Lunatic Asylum Collection includes correspondence written to the Western Lunatic Asylum in Staunton, Virginia, dating from 1840 through the late 19th century, as well as annual reports from the 1860s and 1900s."],"names_coll_ssim":["Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)","Stribling, Francis T.  (Francis Taliaferro), 1810-1874"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Western Lunatic Asylum (Va.)"],"persname_ssim":["Stribling, Francis T.  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