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Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"containers_ssim":["box 3 VLT_PRTCL","folder 26"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#107","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.735Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_941","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_941.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189095","title_filing_ssi":"Nau, John L. III, Civil War History Collection","title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1806-1988","1861-1865"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1806-1988"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1865"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"text":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865","MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/941","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers","Good.","The collection is open for research.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"collection_ssim":["John L. 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Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. 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The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c108"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_595","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_595.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/516","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Armstead L., papers","title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1848-2001","1967-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-2001"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1967-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"text":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992","MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595","Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)","The collection is open for research use.","Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.","Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.","The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails.","Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"collection_ssim":["Armstead L. Robinson papers, 1848/2001, bulk 1967/1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 12836","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/595"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"geogname_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"places_ssim":["Slave trade-United States-History","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- African Americans"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Prof. Mildred W. Robinson, 12 June 2003;  \nTransfer by University of Virginia Press acquisitions editor Richard K. Holway, 9 August 2005; Tranfer by Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies, 2 October 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","African Americans -- Study and teaching","African Americans -- History -- 1863-1877","Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"extent_tesim":["38 Cubic Feet 34 cubic boxes, 5 card file boxes, 3 clamshell boxes, and 1 oversize box"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiocassettes.","letters (correspondence)"],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.\n  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Original order has been preserved as much as possible; several original boxes (Boxes 15-19 [note cards] and 26-28 [1880 census schedules]) was retained because of the size of their particular contents. Items with no ostensible order have been organized with similar materials. Folders, with some exceptions, are arranged alphabetically within each series and their contents chronologically. Throughout the collection Robinson is occasionally addressed as \"ALR,\" \"Armstead Robinson,\" \"Armstead L. Robinson,\" \"Prof. Robinson,\" \"Robbie\" or \"Robby.\" Some folders abbreviate Robinson's name as \"ALR,\" particularly in Series 5; his Bitter Fruits of Bondage folders are occasionally abbreviated as \"BFOB. The collection is arranged in six series:","Series 1: Correspondence, 1967-1995 (0.5 c.f., Box 1).  This series consists of the bulk of Robinson's general correspondence, 1967-1995, but researchers should note that other correspondence is available throughout Series 2, 3, 4 and 5. Letters of interest include a letter of Whitney Moore Young Jr. of the National Urban League, promising assistance to Robinson, August 18, 1969. Much of Robinson's 1971 correspondence, while an assistant professor of Black Studies at State University of New York at Stony Brook, consists of his research inquiries relating to Black life in Memphis, Tennessee; there are also references to an accident he suffered, December 7 and 15, 1971.  There are several interesting letters during the 1980s (however, researchers should note the absence of 1982, 1988 and 1989 letters in the general \"Correspondence\" folders), especially Robinson's letter of  resignation from the University of California at Los Angeles, May 13, 1980; many of his May 1980 letters pertain to his University of Virginia faculty appointment. Also of interest: a March 26, 1981 letter from Robinson to John Wilkinson, Alumni Affairs Development, Yale University, seeking financial assistance for the daughter of  University of Virginia faculty colleague Vivian V. Gordon; November 23, 1981, to the Rector of the Board of Visitors, Virginia Commonwealth University, expressing opposition to the proposed consolidation of its library system with the school's Visual Education Services; December 9, 1981, to the editor of The Harvard Magazine, describing Robinson's role in the establishment of a Black Studies program at Yale University; March 1984 correspondence with Molefi Kete Asante (founder of Afrocentricity and a Black Studies proponent) accusing Robinson of falsely claiming to have been founding director of the Center for Afro-American Studies at the University of California at Los Angeles.","Series 2: Academic Career, 1964-1969 (4.5 c.f., Boxes 1-5).  This series is concerned with Robinson's academic career and is divided into four subseries; there is some chronological and historical overlap among the folders.\nSubseries A: Yale University (Boxes 1-3) chiefly concerns Robinson's work with the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY), its 1968 symposium \"Black Studies in the University,\" and seven audiotape reel recordings of the symposium's proceedings later transcribed, published and edited by Robinson and others as Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1969). Symposium participants included McGeorge Bundy; Lawrence Chisolm; Harold Cruse; Robert Dahl; Nathan Hare; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga; Martin Kilson, Jr.; Sidney W. Mintz; Boniface I. Obichere; Donald Ogilvie; Alvin Poussaint; Edwin S. Redkey; Charles Henry Taylor, Jr.; Farris Thompson, and Gerald A. McWorter.\nSubseries B: State University of New York (Box 4) is concerned with Robinson's faculty career and early interest in Black Studies. \nSubseries C: University of California at Los Angeles and the University of Rochester, New York (Box 4)includes Robinson's UCLA class lecture notes and papers while a Rochester doctoral student. \nSubseries D: University of Virginia (Boxes 4-5)represents the longest and final phase of Robinson's academic career. Included are lecture notes, syllabi, course evaluations, and various topical and subject files including folders for colleagues Matthew W. Holden Jr., Nathan A. Scott, Jr., and Jeanne Maddox Toungara; the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies (researchers should note that the majority of the Woodson Institute's papers, including those during Robinson's tenure, are retained there and may not yet be available for public research); the Corcoran Department of History (with correspondence and memoranda of Edward L. Ayers and Edwin E. Floyd concerning Robinson's appointment and tenure); the Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (a university committee Robinson co-chaired); the Office of Afro-American Affairs (1986 letters to University of Virginia president Robert O'Neil in defense of OAAA dean Paul L. Puryear and critical of the handling of his resignation as dean and the controversy surrounding it), and, the transcribed remarks of  F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (labor and civil rights activist.","Series 3: Subject and Topical Files (Boxes 5-11) consists of alphabetized subject and topical folders of select individuals followed by those of organizations and groups.  Among the prominent correspondents (Boxes 5-7): Herbert Aptheker, Ira Berlin, LaWanda F. Cox, Stanley L. Engerman, Michael W. Fitzgerald, John Hope Franklin, Eugene D. Genovese, Herbert Gutman, Stephen Hahn, Vincent Harding, Darlene Clark Hine, C. Stuart McGehee, Pauline Maier, August Meier, Nell Irvin Painter, Lewis Perry, Edwin S. Redkey, William Scarborough, Robert Brent Toplin, Edmund S. Wehrle, and C. Vann Woodward. Folders of some of  Robinson's former students are also present.","Series 4: Research Materials (Boxes 11-32)is the collection's largest series and contains research materials, 1850-1995, on the American Civil War, African-American history, Robinson's dissertation and Bitter Fruits of Bondage book, and census projects. (His extensive census research is filed at the end of this series). The majority of nineteenth century material are photocopies. Folders are arranged alphabetically, and several contain materials cited in Bitter Fruits of Bondage. Folders of interest include: \"First Africans in Virginia (Jamestown)\" (Box 11); \"Memphis Social History Project/Memphis Leadership Project\" (Robinson's letter of June 17, 1977 describes this project as having been conceived by him in 1966, while a junior at Yale, as a history of the Black community in Memphis) (Box 12); \"Research Material: Reconstruction: Black Political Leaders in Memphis, Tennessee (city directory and census data)\" (Box 14).Census materials comprise the latter part of Series IV, and at twelve boxes are the largest groups of materials in the series and the collection (Boxes 20-32).","Series 5: Writings and Publications (Boxes 32-42)the collection's second largest series, contains Robinson's writings, publications and manuscripts of his Yale honors' thesis, University of Rochester dissertation \"Day of Jubilo\" [formerly \"Cotton, Contrabands, and Mr. Lincoln's War\"], Bitter Fruits of Bondage (Boxes 32-38), articles, book reviews, public and conference lectures. These folders are arranged alphabetically by title and chronologically within title headings. Some of Robinson's manuscripts were critiqued on his behalf by colleagues and fellow historians such as Ira Berlin, Edward L. Ayers, Michael F. Holt, Michael Johnson, Julie S. Jones, Theresa M. Towner, and Bell Irvin Wiley.","Series 6: Oversize (Oversize Box U-10) is the last for the collection. Items are arranged chronologically and include: a photostatic copy of a 1863 letter from James Seddon, Confederate secretary of war, to Jefferson Davis; two pencil and ink sketches of Carter G. Woodson; a 1994 certificate declaring Robinson an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi; an incomplete numbered set of \"Images of Afro-Americans of the Emancipation Era\" (Hodges Publications); University of North Carolina Department of Geography census templates and demographic maps; photostatic copies of Civil War maps from National Archives (Washington, D.C.) record group numbers 77 and 94, and speaking engagement posters."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArmstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor. \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eIt is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41). \u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12). \u003c/p\u003e  \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eHe served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eRobinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory.\u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Armstead Louis Robinson was born on April 30, 1947 in New Orleans, Louisiana, the son of Reverend Dr. DeWitt Robinson (a Lutheran clergyman) and Ruth Dickinson Robinson. He attended segregated New Orleans public schools (Trinity Lutheran Elementary and Rivers Frederick Junior High), and Hamilton High School in Memphis, Tennessee, from which he graduated with honors in 1964.","Robinson enrolled at Yale University in 1964 as one of eighteen African-American men (out of 1,061 men admitted that year) and received a bachelor's degree in History and graduated with honors and distinction in 1969 for his Scholar of the House thesis, \"In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1865-1870.\" As a Yale student Robinson helped create an undergraduate Black Studies program culminating in a 1968 symposium, \"Black Studies in the University,\" and co-edited the conference anthology, Black Studies in the University; A Symposium (Yale University Press, 1969), one of the first books on Black Studies. This experience led to his lifelong interest in promoting Black Studies. While at Yale, Robinson began his teaching career with a lecture series on Black History for the New Haven, Connecticut public school system as well as elementary school day sessions and junior high school evening sessions during 1966-1968.","Robinson was a member of the dean's list (1967-1969), captain of Yale's ROTC Rifle Team (1966-1968), recipient of the 1968 Von Snidren Prize for book collecting, and a member of the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY). As an alumnus he served on the Yale Development Board (1983-1988), the Association of Yale Alumni Board of Governors (1981-1986), and the Yale University Council (1977-1995), of which he served as president during 1981-1986. In 1987 he was the recipient of the Yale Medal for Distinguished Service, his alma mater's highest alumni honor.","Robinson briefly attended Yale Divinity School (1968-1970) before withdrawing to become a visiting professor at Southern Illinois University, in Carbondale, Illinois (1970), an assistant professor of Africana Studies at the State University of New York, SUNY-Stony Brook, and assistant professor of Africana and Afro-American Studies, SUNY Brockport (1970-1973). Later, Robinson was a visiting scholar or professor of history at the National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina), Southwestern at Memphis [now Rhodes College], and Smith College, Massachusetts (Box 10), and the University of Richmond (Box 11).","It is unknown exactly when and why Robinson decided to become a Civil War historian. While an assistant history professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), 1973-1980), he began work on his dissertation at the University of Rochester, New York, where he was mentored by two of America's leading historians, Stanley L. Engerman and Eugene D. Genovese. Genovese was among the scholars who early recognized Robinson's talents as a historian. In his seminal study Roll, Jordan, Roll: The World The Slaves Made (1974), Genovese cited Robinson's thesis (pp. 700n26 and 725n4) as \"'In the Aftermath of Slavery: Blacks and Reconstruction in Memphis, Tennessee, 1865-1870,' unpubl. undergraduate thesis, Yale University, 1969\" (Boxes 5, 6, 15-16, 40-41).","Robinson received a Doctorate of Philosophy with Honors from the University of Rochester in 1977 for his dissertation \"Day of Jubilo: Civil War and the Demise of Slavery in the Mississippi Valley, 1861-1865.\" In 1980 he joined the University of Virginia faculty as an associate professor in the Corcoran Department of History and was also appointed the first director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies; as director he was the general editor of the Carter G. Woodson Series in Black Studies published by the University Press of Virginia and retained these positions until his death. In a June 25, 1980 letter to James T. McIntosh, editor of the Papers of Jefferson Davis, Robinson noted the racial and cultural significance of his Virginia appointment: \"I am happier than I can possibly express to be able to return home to the south, particularly at UVA where I am scheduled to teach . . .  I am indeed excited about the day when a southern black can teach southern and Civil War/Reconstruction history at a major southern university\" (folder \"Papers of Jefferson Davis,\" Box 12).","He served on numerous university committees during his career. At the University of California, Los Angeles, he was a member of: the Faculty Senate (1975-1979); the American Field Written Comprehensive Examination Committee (1976-1979; chairman, 1977-1979), and, the Fellowships Committee, Center for Afro-American Studies (1975-1980; chairman, 1977-1980). While at the University of Virginia he was a member of the Faculty Steering Committee for Major in Afro-American and African Studies (1980-1995); the Faculty Senate (1981-1984; 1987-1990); the Afro-American Faculty-Staff Forum (1982-1984); the Presidential Advisory Committee on Equal Employment Opportunity and Affirmative Action (1992-1995), and co-chairman, Venable Lane Burial Site Task Force/Catherine \"Kitty\" Foster Homesite (1993-1995). Other notable committee service consisted of the Planning Committee, Booker T. Washington Commemoration, Booker T. Washington National Monument (1983-1984); the Jefferson Davis Book Award Committee (1989-1991; chairman, 1991); the Abraham Lincoln Prize National Advisory Committee (1990-1995); the Afro-American Studies Advisory Committee, Princeton University (1991-1995), and the James Monroe Papers Advisory Board at Ash Lawn-Highland (1992-1997).","Robinson received numerous awards and scholarly recognitions including the Ford Foundation Fund for Distinguished Black Scholars (1971); the UCLA Faculty Career Development Award (1979-1980); the Carter G. Woodson Award, Journal of Negro History (1981); Fellow at the National Humanities and National Research Council (1984-1985); Jefferson Davis Memorial Lecturer, Museum of the Confederacy, Richmond, Virginia (1990); William Allan Neilson Research Professor, Smith College (1991-1992); Louis P. Gottschalk Memorial Lecturer, University of Louisville (1994), and the Jessie Ball DuPont Visiting Professor, University of Richmond (1994-1995). The Virginia State Library Board of Trustees issued a 1990 resolution of thanks for his service during 1984-1989 while a member of its board of trustees, and Robinson was declared an honorary citizen of Natchez, Mississippi in 1994. He was a member of several scholarly organizations including the American Historical Association, the American Studies Association, the Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History, the Organization of American Historians, and the Southern Historical Association.","Robinson published extensively. He co-edited Black Studies in the University: A Symposium (1969) [Boxes 1-2]; The African Religious Tradition: Historiography (Associated Publishers, 1987), and New Directions in Civil Rights Studies (University Press of Virginia, 1991). His posthumous magnum opus, Bitter Fruits of Bondage: The Demise of Slavery and the Collapse of the Confederacy, 1861-1865 (University of Virginia Press, 2005), was nationally acclaimed (Boxes 32-38). The author of several articles, essays and book reviews, Robinson's most significant articles include: \"In the Shadow of Old John Brown: Insurrection Anxiety and Confederate Mobilization, 1861-1863,\" Journal of Negro History (Fall 1980) [Box 41]; \"Beyond the Realm of Social Consensus: New Meanings of Reconstruction for American History,\" The Journal of American History (September 1981) [Box 32], and, \"Reassessing the First Reconstruction: Lost Opportunity or Tragic Era,\" Reviews in American History, (March 1978) [Box 42]. He also wrote the foreword to Calder Loth's Virginia Landmarks of Black History: Sites on the Virginia Landmarks Register and the National Register of Historic Places (University Press of Virginia, 1995) [Box 42].","Robinson married Mildred (Wigfall) Ravenell, a University of Virginia law professor, at the university's Colonnade Club in 1987. He died of complications from a brain aneurysm at the University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville, on August 28, 1995, at the age of forty-eight. He was survived by his wife Mildred and their daughter Allison; his mother Ruth Robinson; his sisters DeWittress Taylor and Miriam Elmore and a brother, Llewlyn Robinson; two stepchildren, and a host of nieces, nephews and relatives. After a funeral on September 5, 1995, Robinson was interred at Cross of Cavalry Lutheran Church Cemetery in Memphis, Tennessee. A two-hour memorial \"Service of Thanksgiving,\" attended by nearly 500 colleagues, family and friends, was held on September 29, 1995 at the University of Virginia's Old Cabell Hall auditorium. The Armstead L. Robinson Fellowship Fund was established at the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African Studies in his memory."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 12836, Armstead Robinson Papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003e\n    \n    Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eAs to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.\u003c/p\u003e \n    \n\n","\u003cp\u003eProminent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.\u003c/p\u003e\n    \n    ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails. \u003c/p\u003e\n  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Armstead L. Robinson papers(1848-2001; 43 cubic feet) consist of audiotapes; book reviews; census material; computer printouts; conference papers; correspondence; biographical information; instructional material; lectures and speeches; manuscripts and original writings by Robinson, his colleagues and students; maps; memorabilia; microfilm; organizational and professional files; photographs; printed items, and research and topical files. Most of the nineteenth century material is in the form of photocopies.","The scope of this collection is national. Professor Robinson's papers are reflective of the life and career of a nationally active professional historian and educator. Topics of interest include: African-American history; African-American life in Memphis and Shelby County, Tennessee, 1840s-1880s; life as an African-American student at Yale University during the 1960s; the development of Black Studies during the 1960s; life as an African-American faculty member at the State University of New York (SUNY), the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA), and the University of Virginia during the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s; slavery in the Confederacy; the nineteenth century American South, especially during the Civil War and Reconstruction; and the modern Civil Rights Movement. Several organizations of interest to Robinson include but are not limited to: Antioch College; Association for the Study of Negro Life and History (Association for the Study of Afro-American Life and History); the Black Student Alliance at Yale (BSAY); the Booker T. Washington National Monument; Corporate/Community Schools of America; the Martin Luther King, Jr. Memorial Center and Institute of the Black World; National Humanities Center (Research Triangle Park, North Carolina); Papers of Jefferson Davis; the University of California, Berkeley; the University of California at Los Angeles; the University of Rochester; the University of Virginia; the Virginia State Library Board, and Yale University.","Robinson corresponded with numerous fellow scholars, historians and prominent persons: Herbert Aptheker (1915-2003), historian; Molefi Kete Asante (b. 1942), founder of Afrocentricity and proponent of Black Studies; Ira Berlin (b. 1941), American historian; John B. Boles (b. 1943), historian and managing editor, Journal of Southern History; F. N. Boney, historian; Arna Wendell Bontemps (1902-1973), educator, librarian and Harlem Renaissance novelist; McGeorge Bundy (1919–1996), United States National Security Advisor and head of the Ford Foundation; Austin C. Clarke (b. 1934), Afro-Canadian novelist; John F. Cooke (president, The Disney Channel/Walt Disney Company); Emâilia Viotti da Costa, historian of Brazil; LaWanda F. Cox (1909-2005), historian; Lynda Lasswell Crist (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Merle Curti (1897-1997), American social and intellectual historian; Mary Seaton Dix (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Stanley L. Engerman (b. 1936), economic historian; Karen E. Fields, director, Frederick Douglass Institute for African and African-Americans Studies, University of Rochester; Michael W. Fitzgerald (b. 1956), historian; Harold E. Ford [Harold Eugene Ford, Sr., b.1945], U. S. congressman from Tennessee; Elizabeth Fox-Genovese (1941-2007), historian; John Hope Franklin (1915-2009), American historian; George M. Fredrickson (b. 1934), historian; Eugene D. Genovese (1930-2012), historian; Henry Louis \"Skip\" Gates Jr. (b. 1950); A. Bartlett Giamatti (1938-1989), Yale president (and later commissioner of Major League Baseball); Herbert Gutman (1928-1985), historian; Stephen Hahn (b. 1950), Faulkner scholar; Vincent Harding (b. 1931), historian; Nathan Hare (b. 1933), sociologist, psychotherapist, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Darlene Clark Hine (b. 1947), historian; Alton Hornsby (Journal of Negro History); C. Stuart McGehee, historian; Ron \"Maulana\" Karenga (b. 1941), a leader of the Black Studies movement and founder of Kwanzaa, a cultural celebration of African-American culture and community; Lauranett Lee (later curator of African American History, Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Virginia); James T. McIntosh (Papers of Jefferson Davis); Pauline Maier (b. 1938), professor of American History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; August Meier (1923-2003), historian; Nell Irvin Painter (b. 1942), historian; Lewis C. Perry (b. 1938), historian and editor of The Journal of American History; Edwin S. Redkey (b. 1931), American historian; Joseph Reidy (b. 1948); Dan Roberts, University of Richmond; Leslie S. Rowland, historian; William Scarborough, historian, University of Southern Mississippi; Daryl M. Scott (later a Howard University professor of history and vice president for programs, and member of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History's executive council); Robert Brent Toplin (b. 1940), American historian; Edmund S. Wehrle, University of Connecticut; C. Vann Woodward (1908-1999), American historian; Karen L. Wysocki,  and, Whitney Moore Young Jr. (1921-1971), executive director of the National Urban League, Inc., and American civil rights leader.","As to be expected, there is correspondence with several University of Virginia colleagues: Edward L. Ayers (b. 1953), Corcoran Department of History; William A. Elwood (1932-2002), professor of English and associate dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences; Edwin E. Floyd, dean of the Faculty of Arts and Sciences; Matthew Holden, Jr. (b. 1931), Henry L. and Grace M. Doherty Professor, Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs; Michael F. Holt, Corcoran Department of History; Ervin L. Jordan Jr. (b. 1954), Special Collections Department, Alderman Library; Robert O'Neil, president of the University of Virginia; Nathan Alexander Scott, Jr. (1925-2006), Commonwealth Professor of Religious Studies; Jeanne Maddox Toungara, Corcoran Department of History, and, Theresa M. Towner, Department of English.","Prominent persons mentioned in the collection include: Howard K. Beale (1897-1959), a University of North Carolina historian; Reginald Butler, Corcoran Department of History, and Robinson's successor as director of the Carter G. Woodson Institute for Afro-American and African studies; Lawrence Chisolm, historian, State University of New York at Buffalo; Robert R. Church [Robert Reed Church, Sr.] (1839-1912), business leader and the South's first African-American millionaire; Eldridge Cleaver (1935-1998), a founder of the Black Panther Party; Harold Cruse (1916-2005), historian and proponent of Black Studies; Philip D. Curtin (b. 1922), historian; Robert Dahl (b. 1915), Yale political scientist; St. Clair Drake (1911-1990), sociologist, anthropologist and educator; Alex Dupuy, historian of Haiti; Drew Gilpin Faust (b. 1947), American historian; Robert W. Fogel (b. 1926), American historian; Vivian V. Gordon (1934-1995), sociologist; Martin Kilson, Jr., political scientist, Harvard University; James Armistead Lafayette (1760-1832), African-American slave and spy; Alan Lomax (1915-2002), folklorist and musicologist; Gerald A. McWorter, political scientist, Spelman College, and a founder of the Black Studies movement; Sidney W. Mintz (b. 1922), anthropologist; Boniface I. Obichere (1933-1997), historian; Donald Ogilvie (Yale student); Dorothy B. Porter [Dorothy Porter Wesley]; Alvin Poussaint (b. 1934), psychiatrist; Paul L. Puryear (1930-2010), dean of the Office of Afro-American Affairs, University of Virginia; John T. Schlotterbeck (b. 1948), historian; Henry Taylor, Jr. (b. 1928), educator and psychoanalyst; William Shockley (1910-1989), American physicist and eugenicist; F. (Frederick) Palmer Weber (1914-1986), labor and civil rights activist; Charles Harris Wesley (1891-1987), an African-American historian; Bell Irwin Wiley (1906-1980), American Civil War historian; Carter G. Woodson (1875-1950), \"the Father of Negro History,\" and George Carlton Wright, vice provost of the University of Texas at Austin.","The collection has been organized into six series: Corespondence, Academic Career, Topical Files, Research Materials, Writings and Publications, and Oversize materails."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Several folders of \"Research Materials: Civil War\" in Boxes 12-14 include photocopies of materials from various research and academic institutions; researchers should note that most do not permit the reproduction of their materials held by other institutions without their express written permission."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Robinson, Armstead L., 1947-1995"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_595"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living, 1019/1910","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01","parent_ssim":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952","Articles, Memoranda, Speeches, etc. written by W. Jett Lauck","Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_724","viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06","viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living","title_ssm":["Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living"],"title_tesim":["Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living, 1019/1910"],"text":["Articles written by W. Jett Lauck about Cost of Living, 1019/1910","W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952","Articles, Memoranda, Speeches, etc. written by W. Jett Lauck","Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself","box 73","folder 11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952","Articles, Memoranda, Speeches, etc. written by W. Jett Lauck","Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952","Articles, Memoranda, Speeches, etc. written by W. Jett Lauck","Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1019/1910"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-1019"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":533,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"containers_ssim":["box 73","folder 11"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Work diaries used to keep a record of Lauck's activities on behalf of a number of organizations, arranged by date in Boxes 216-219. Due to their fragile condition, access to the original diaries is restricted. Researchers should use the diaries on microfilm M-1239-1241."],"date_range_isim":[1019,1020,1021,1022,1023,1024,1025,1026,1027,1028,1029,1030,1031,1032,1033,1034,1035,1036,1037,1038,1039,1040,1041,1042,1043,1044,1045,1046,1047,1048,1049,1050,1051,1052,1053,1054,1055,1056,1057,1058,1059,1060,1061,1062,1063,1064,1065,1066,1067,1068,1069,1070,1071,1072,1073,1074,1075,1076,1077,1078,1079,1080,1081,1082,1083,1084,1085,1086,1087,1088,1089,1090,1091,1092,1093,1094,1095,1096,1097,1098,1099,1100,1101,1102,1103,1104,1105,1106,1107,1108,1109,1110,1111,1112,1113,1114,1115,1116,1117,1118,1119,1120,1121,1122,1123,1124,1125,1126,1127,1128,1129,1130,1131,1132,1133,1134,1135,1136,1137,1138,1139,1140,1141,1142,1143,1144,1145,1146,1147,1148,1149,1150,1151,1152,1153,1154,1155,1156,1157,1158,1159,1160,1161,1162,1163,1164,1165,1166,1167,1168,1169,1170,1171,1172,1173,1174,1175,1176,1177,1178,1179,1180,1181,1182,1183,1184,1185,1186,1187,1188,1189,1190,1191,1192,1193,1194,1195,1196,1197,1198,1199,1200,1201,1202,1203,1204,1205,1206,1207,1208,1209,1210,1211,1212,1213,1214,1215,1216,1217,1218,1219,1220,1221,1222,1223,1224,1225,1226,1227,1228,1229,1230,1231,1232,1233,1234,1235,1236,1237,1238,1239,1240,1241,1242,1243,1244,1245,1246,1247,1248,1249,1250,1251,1252,1253,1254,1255,1256,1257,1258,1259,1260,1261,1262,1263,1264,1265,1266,1267,1268,1269,1270,1271,1272,1273,1274,1275,1276,1277,1278,1279,1280,1281,1282,1283,1284,1285,1286,1287,1288,1289,1290,1291,1292,1293,1294,1295,1296,1297,1298,1299,1300,1301,1302,1303,1304,1305,1306,1307,1308,1309,1310,1311,1312,1313,1314,1315,1316,1317,1318,1319,1320,1321,1322,1323,1324,1325,1326,1327,1328,1329,1330,1331,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,1346,1347,1348,1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,1361,1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1377,1378,1379,1380,1381,1382,1383,1384,1385,1386,1387,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,1393,1394,1395,1396,1397,1398,1399,1400,1401,1402,1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,1469,1470,1471,1472,1473,1474,1475,1476,1477,1478,1479,1480,1481,1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1507,1508,1509,1510,1511,1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#0/components#8","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_724","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_724.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/105255","title_filing_ssi":"Lauck, W. Jett, papers","title_ssm":["W. Jett Lauck papers"],"title_tesim":["W. Jett Lauck papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1900-1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1900-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1900/1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952"],"text":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952","MSS 4742","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/724","Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969","World War, 1939-1945","New Deal, 1933-1939","Depressions - 1929","United Mine Workers of America","Labor unions","American Association for Economic Freedom","Anthracite coal--Pennsylvania","Railroads -- History","Railroads","Electric railroads","World War, 1914-1918","Economics","Work diaries used to keep a record of Lauck's activities on behalf of a number of organizations, arranged by date in Boxes 216-219. Due to their fragile condition, access to the original diaries is restricted. Researchers should use the diaries on microfilm M-1239-1241.","There are fifteen series in this collection. The two largest series are the Cases and Topical series. The majority of series have at least two subseries. Lauck had created two earlier indexes to his files and they were used to shape the current re-organization of the collection, particularly concerning the case files. Some of the decisions concerning arrangement were made due to the difficulties of completing the processing of the W. Jett Lauck papers during the Pandemic of 2020-2021.","An Outline of the Arrangement is as follows: Series 1) Correspondence (Boxes 1-16); Series 2) American Association for Economic Freedom (Boxes 17-37 and Card files boxes 1-12); Series 3) National War Labor Board (Boxes 38-56); Series 4) Congress of Industrial Organizations (Boxes 57-67); Series 5) Commission on Industrial Relations (Boxes 68-72); Series 6) Articles, Memoranda, and Speeches by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 73-91) with Subseries A) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself (Boxes 73-91), Subseries B) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for other people to use (Boxes 82-88), and Subseries C) Banking Monograph by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 89-91); Series 7) Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Commission (Boxes 92-103); Series 8) Cases (Boxes 104-204) with  Subseries A) Railroad (Boxes 104-146), Subseries B) General (Boxes 147-169), and Subseries C) Coal (Boxes 170-204); Series 9) Arbitrations (Boxes 205-211); Series 10) Dockets and Other Records of Work by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 212-219); Series 11) Personal, Financial and Miscellany Papers (Boxes 220-233) with Subseries A) Financial Correspondence and Files (Boxes 220-225), Subseries B) Bureau of Applied Economics (Boxes 225-226), Subseries C) College Notes and School Papers (Boxes 227-230), and Subseries D) Notes, Notebooks, Photographs, Post cards and Miscellany (Boxes 230-233); Series 12) The National Recovery Act and National Recovery Administration (Boxes 234-241) with Subseries A) General Files (Boxes 234-238) and Subseries B) National Recovery Administration Codes (Boxes 238-241); Series 13) Oversize Scrapbook Volumes of Newspaper Clippings and News clippings Files with Subseries A) Scrapbooks (Boxes 242-252) and Subseries B) News clipping Files (Boxes 253-257); Series 14) Topical Files with Subseries A) Coal (Boxes 258-270), Subseries B) Railroad (Boxes 271-287), and Subseries C) General A-Z (Boxes 288-389); and Series 15) Printed Material and Works by Others (Boxes 389-399) with Subseries A) Printed Material (Boxes 389-396) and Subseries B) Works by Others (Boxes 397-399).","William Jett Lauck, an American economist and statistician, whose work expertise and experience was both broad and varied, was born on August 2, 1879, in Keyser, West Virginia, to William Blackford Lauck, a railway official, and Emma Eltinge (Spengler) Lauck. He attended Keyser High School and Washington and Lee University (Bachelor of Arts, 1903), becoming a Fellow in the department of political economy at the University of Chicago, 1903-1906. Lauck was an associate professor of economics and political science at Washington and Lee University, 1905-1908, until he entered government service in 1908. That same year, he was married to Eleanor Moore Dunlap of Lexington, Virginia, and they had three children, William Jett Lauck, Jr., Eleanor Moore Lauck and Peter Blackford Lauck. Lauck belonged to the Cosmos and Chevy Chase clubs and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Kappa Sigma, and Theta Nu Epsilon.","Lauck joining the United States Immigration Commission in 1908-1909, where he designed a survey of immigration for the Commission. Lauck was the chief examiner for the Tariff Board, 1910-1911. The U.S. Commission on Industrial Relations hired Lauck in 1913-1915 as a managerial expert and consulting statistician to design their investigation into industrial problems in the United States. He was an economic advisor on the Canadian Commission on Economic Development, 1916. Lauck joined the U.S. National War Labor Board in 1918 as Secretary.","Lauck also took part in the national movement for banking reform and the establishment of the Federal Reserve banking system1911-1912. As an expert on railway economics, he represented the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers in their demands for wage increases during a series of arbitrations from 1912-1919, the Western freight weight case, 1915, and also represented the railroad unions in several high-profile national railroad arbitrations in the early twenties. Lauck functioned as the economic advisor for presidential candidate James B. Cox in 1920 and 1924. In 1926, Lauck devised a settlement to end the Passaic New Jersey textile strike.","During a large part of his career, W. Jett Lauck acted as an economic advisor to John L. Lewis and the United Mine Workers, the Committee on Industrial Organization, the United Automobile Workers and other union organizations, in arbitrations and cases, 1919-1939. He was an investigator for the U.S. Coal Commission, 1923 and economist for the Grain Marketing Company, Chicago, 1924-1925. Lauck assisted on the legislative drafting committee for the National Recovery Act in 1933 and as an expert advisor to the Senate Finance Committee on the revision of the National Recovery Act in 1935. He was also a member of various special boards, and a labor advisor to the Coal Section of the National Recovery Act, 1933-1935. He was also often a government expert witness, as seen in his work for the House of Representatives Special Committee on Government Competition with Private Business, 1933. Lauck served as Chairman of the Pennsylvania Anthracite Industry Coal Commission, 1937.","Lauck was Vice President of the organization American Association for Economic Freedom. He was also an author or co-author of many books and other publications, including \"The Causes of the Panic of 1893\" (1905); \"The Immigration Problem\" with Johann Wolfgang Jenks (1911); \"Conditions of Labor in American Industries\" with Edgar Sydenstricker (1917); \"The Industrial Code\" with C.S. Watts (1923); Political and Industrial Democracy, 1776-1926\" (1926); and \"The New Industrial Revolution and Wages\" (1929) and Editor of \"British War Experience Series.\"","\"W. Jett Lauck: Biography of a Reformer\" by Carmen Brissette Grayson is a 1975 University of Virginia dissertation that covers the early part of Lauck's career up until the Depression.","Manuscript student assistants who worked on the W. Jett Lauck papers for at least one semester include Jacob M. Baker, Shannon Lee, Jacob T. Shaw, and Emily Shipman.","Only two copies of identical duplicates having no annotations were kept. Duplicates were compared and only two were kept of each unique document or publication.  News clippings were only copied if used by Lauck in a case or arbitration, contained an article or other work by him, or information pertaining to his work and career. Others were sorted and arranged by topcs that he had written on the clipping; those with no obvious relevance were discarded. Ledgers and scrapbooks were rehoused in acid free cubic boxes or phase boxes created by the Preservation staff.","Originally the papers were organized with the help of a University of Virginia history seminar sometime between their transfer to Special Collections from the Law Library and 1973, producing a large paper finding aid consisting of the list of the file folder headings. Folders were replaced near the end of the 1990's but some folder headings were lost or corrupted. In 2018, the papers were re-organized into series based on several early indexes created by the office of W. Jett Lauck. Folder headings were corrected based on the indexes, the original paper finding aid, and Lauck's notations on the tops of his documents. Headings were altered on the folders when possible to match the finding aid but only some of the folders were replaced due to constraints of time and money.","Physical processing work was complicated by constant student assistant turn-over and the interruption of the Pandemic of 2020-2021, which prevented onsite work for almost six months and allowed only several onsite short stints per week  the rest of the time. The finding aid is as accurate as these conditions have permitted but there may well be inconsistencies. If such errors are discovered, we welcome researcher input.","The W. Jett Lauck collection consists of his professional, business and personal papers as an economist, statistician and government consultant on immigration, banking, railroads, coal, and unemployment problems as well as other facets of labor in the United States. Included are correspondence, scrapbooks of news clippings reflecting his activities, labor reports and studies, drafts of congressional bills, legal briefs, and other material concerning labor problems in the United States from its formative World War I years until 1949. They begin with his association with the progressive labor codes of the Taft-Walsh Labor Relations Commission and continue with the Railway Labor Act of 1926; the fight to gain recognition of labor's right to collective bargaining \"through representatives of their own choosing\" under the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933; the incorporation of its principles in the National Labor Relations Act; and further activity in defense of this act.","Other manuscripts deal with studies of government competition with private business, the American Association for Economic Freedom, the New York Power Authority; branch, chain, and group banking, drafts of speeches, and work diary accounts of activities and meetings with prominent congressional and labor leaders on labor problems and legislation.","The largest portions of the W. Jett Lauck papers deal with cases and arbitrations, chiefly railroad and coal related, his work on various boards and commission and topical files.","His correspondence with individuals heading organizations interested in labor and industrial relations was wide-spread, just as it was with political figures, educators, and labor leaders.\n Among the public figures with whom he corresponded are Bernard Baruch, Homer S. Cummings, Clarence A. Dystra, John T. Flynn, Guy M. Gillette, Leon Henderson, Herbert Hoover, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, William S. Knudsen, Robert M. Fa Follette, Jr., Franklin K. Lane, John L. Lewis,  H.C. Lodge, Jr., William G. McAdoo, James M. Mead, Francis P. Miller, Henry Morgenthau, Karl E. Mundt, Donald Nelson, Judge Ferdinand Pecora, Frances Perkins, Gifford Pinchot, James H. Price, Franklin D. Roosevelt, E.R. Stettinius, Jr., Robert F. Wagner, David I. Walsh, Burton K. Wheeler, and Woodrow Wilson.\nThe educators include Hardy Dillard, Edward C. Elliot, Frank Graham, J.W. Jenks, Richard R. Mead, Lewis Tyree, Harry F. Ward, H.B. Wells, and Ray Lyman Wilbur; and the labor leaders Jacob Baker, Solomon Barkin, Van A. Bittner, Sophia Carey, David Dubinsky, P.T. Fagan, John P. Frey, William Green, Sydney Hillman, Earl E. Houck, Thomas Kennedy, Donald MacMillan, and A.O. Wharton.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952"],"collection_ssim":["W. Jett Lauck papers, 1900/1952"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 4742","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/724"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 4742","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/724"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969"],"geogname_ssim":["Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969"],"places_ssim":["Lewis, John L. (John Llewellyn), 1880-1969"],"creator_ssm":["Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The largest group of W. Jett Lauck papers was given to University of Virginia Law Library by Charles Chase, Washington, D.C. in April 1954 and then transferred from the Law Library to the University of Virginia Special Collections Library on March 23, 1973 and October 7, 1974. The second accession (formerly MSS 4742-a) was given to the Special Collections Library on October 31, 1979, by Charles Chase, with Peter B. Lauck and Eleanor M. Lauck, Annapolis, Maryland, as the donors of record. The last accession (formerly MSS 4742-b)was given to the Libary on 2012 by Peter B. Lauck and Eleanor M. Lauck."],"access_subjects_ssim":["World War, 1939-1945","New Deal, 1933-1939","Depressions - 1929","United Mine Workers of America","Labor unions","American Association for Economic Freedom","Anthracite coal--Pennsylvania","Railroads -- History","Railroads","Electric railroads","World War, 1914-1918","Economics"],"access_subjects_ssm":["World War, 1939-1945","New Deal, 1933-1939","Depressions - 1929","United Mine Workers of America","Labor unions","American Association for Economic Freedom","Anthracite coal--Pennsylvania","Railroads -- History","Railroads","Electric railroads","World War, 1914-1918","Economics"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["212 Cubic Feet"],"extent_tesim":["212 Cubic Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWork diaries used to keep a record of Lauck's activities on behalf of a number of organizations, arranged by date in Boxes 216-219. Due to their fragile condition, access to the original diaries is restricted. Researchers should use the diaries on microfilm M-1239-1241.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Work diaries used to keep a record of Lauck's activities on behalf of a number of organizations, arranged by date in Boxes 216-219. Due to their fragile condition, access to the original diaries is restricted. Researchers should use the diaries on microfilm M-1239-1241."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are fifteen series in this collection. The two largest series are the Cases and Topical series. The majority of series have at least two subseries. Lauck had created two earlier indexes to his files and they were used to shape the current re-organization of the collection, particularly concerning the case files. Some of the decisions concerning arrangement were made due to the difficulties of completing the processing of the W. Jett Lauck papers during the Pandemic of 2020-2021. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn Outline of the Arrangement is as follows: Series 1) Correspondence (Boxes 1-16); Series 2) American Association for Economic Freedom (Boxes 17-37 and Card files boxes 1-12); Series 3) National War Labor Board (Boxes 38-56); Series 4) Congress of Industrial Organizations (Boxes 57-67); Series 5) Commission on Industrial Relations (Boxes 68-72); Series 6) Articles, Memoranda, and Speeches by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 73-91) with Subseries A) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself (Boxes 73-91), Subseries B) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for other people to use (Boxes 82-88), and Subseries C) Banking Monograph by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 89-91); Series 7) Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Commission (Boxes 92-103); Series 8) Cases (Boxes 104-204) with  Subseries A) Railroad (Boxes 104-146), Subseries B) General (Boxes 147-169), and Subseries C) Coal (Boxes 170-204); Series 9) Arbitrations (Boxes 205-211); Series 10) Dockets and Other Records of Work by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 212-219); Series 11) Personal, Financial and Miscellany Papers (Boxes 220-233) with Subseries A) Financial Correspondence and Files (Boxes 220-225), Subseries B) Bureau of Applied Economics (Boxes 225-226), Subseries C) College Notes and School Papers (Boxes 227-230), and Subseries D) Notes, Notebooks, Photographs, Post cards and Miscellany (Boxes 230-233); Series 12) The National Recovery Act and National Recovery Administration (Boxes 234-241) with Subseries A) General Files (Boxes 234-238) and Subseries B) National Recovery Administration Codes (Boxes 238-241); Series 13) Oversize Scrapbook Volumes of Newspaper Clippings and News clippings Files with Subseries A) Scrapbooks (Boxes 242-252) and Subseries B) News clipping Files (Boxes 253-257); Series 14) Topical Files with Subseries A) Coal (Boxes 258-270), Subseries B) Railroad (Boxes 271-287), and Subseries C) General A-Z (Boxes 288-389); and Series 15) Printed Material and Works by Others (Boxes 389-399) with Subseries A) Printed Material (Boxes 389-396) and Subseries B) Works by Others (Boxes 397-399).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["There are fifteen series in this collection. The two largest series are the Cases and Topical series. The majority of series have at least two subseries. Lauck had created two earlier indexes to his files and they were used to shape the current re-organization of the collection, particularly concerning the case files. Some of the decisions concerning arrangement were made due to the difficulties of completing the processing of the W. Jett Lauck papers during the Pandemic of 2020-2021.","An Outline of the Arrangement is as follows: Series 1) Correspondence (Boxes 1-16); Series 2) American Association for Economic Freedom (Boxes 17-37 and Card files boxes 1-12); Series 3) National War Labor Board (Boxes 38-56); Series 4) Congress of Industrial Organizations (Boxes 57-67); Series 5) Commission on Industrial Relations (Boxes 68-72); Series 6) Articles, Memoranda, and Speeches by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 73-91) with Subseries A) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for use by himself (Boxes 73-91), Subseries B) Work created by W. Jett Lauck for other people to use (Boxes 82-88), and Subseries C) Banking Monograph by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 89-91); Series 7) Pennsylvania Anthracite Coal Commission (Boxes 92-103); Series 8) Cases (Boxes 104-204) with  Subseries A) Railroad (Boxes 104-146), Subseries B) General (Boxes 147-169), and Subseries C) Coal (Boxes 170-204); Series 9) Arbitrations (Boxes 205-211); Series 10) Dockets and Other Records of Work by W. Jett Lauck (Boxes 212-219); Series 11) Personal, Financial and Miscellany Papers (Boxes 220-233) with Subseries A) Financial Correspondence and Files (Boxes 220-225), Subseries B) Bureau of Applied Economics (Boxes 225-226), Subseries C) College Notes and School Papers (Boxes 227-230), and Subseries D) Notes, Notebooks, Photographs, Post cards and Miscellany (Boxes 230-233); Series 12) The National Recovery Act and National Recovery Administration (Boxes 234-241) with Subseries A) General Files (Boxes 234-238) and Subseries B) National Recovery Administration Codes (Boxes 238-241); Series 13) Oversize Scrapbook Volumes of Newspaper Clippings and News clippings Files with Subseries A) Scrapbooks (Boxes 242-252) and Subseries B) News clipping Files (Boxes 253-257); Series 14) Topical Files with Subseries A) Coal (Boxes 258-270), Subseries B) Railroad (Boxes 271-287), and Subseries C) General A-Z (Boxes 288-389); and Series 15) Printed Material and Works by Others (Boxes 389-399) with Subseries A) Printed Material (Boxes 389-396) and Subseries B) Works by Others (Boxes 397-399)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Jett Lauck, an American economist and statistician, whose work expertise and experience was both broad and varied, was born on August 2, 1879, in Keyser, West Virginia, to William Blackford Lauck, a railway official, and Emma Eltinge (Spengler) Lauck. He attended Keyser High School and Washington and Lee University (Bachelor of Arts, 1903), becoming a Fellow in the department of political economy at the University of Chicago, 1903-1906. Lauck was an associate professor of economics and political science at Washington and Lee University, 1905-1908, until he entered government service in 1908. That same year, he was married to Eleanor Moore Dunlap of Lexington, Virginia, and they had three children, William Jett Lauck, Jr., Eleanor Moore Lauck and Peter Blackford Lauck. Lauck belonged to the Cosmos and Chevy Chase clubs and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Kappa Sigma, and Theta Nu Epsilon.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauck joining the United States Immigration Commission in 1908-1909, where he designed a survey of immigration for the Commission. Lauck was the chief examiner for the Tariff Board, 1910-1911. The U.S. Commission on Industrial Relations hired Lauck in 1913-1915 as a managerial expert and consulting statistician to design their investigation into industrial problems in the United States. He was an economic advisor on the Canadian Commission on Economic Development, 1916. Lauck joined the U.S. National War Labor Board in 1918 as Secretary. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauck also took part in the national movement for banking reform and the establishment of the Federal Reserve banking system1911-1912. As an expert on railway economics, he represented the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers in their demands for wage increases during a series of arbitrations from 1912-1919, the Western freight weight case, 1915, and also represented the railroad unions in several high-profile national railroad arbitrations in the early twenties. Lauck functioned as the economic advisor for presidential candidate James B. Cox in 1920 and 1924. In 1926, Lauck devised a settlement to end the Passaic New Jersey textile strike. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring a large part of his career, W. Jett Lauck acted as an economic advisor to John L. Lewis and the United Mine Workers, the Committee on Industrial Organization, the United Automobile Workers and other union organizations, in arbitrations and cases, 1919-1939. He was an investigator for the U.S. Coal Commission, 1923 and economist for the Grain Marketing Company, Chicago, 1924-1925. Lauck assisted on the legislative drafting committee for the National Recovery Act in 1933 and as an expert advisor to the Senate Finance Committee on the revision of the National Recovery Act in 1935. He was also a member of various special boards, and a labor advisor to the Coal Section of the National Recovery Act, 1933-1935. He was also often a government expert witness, as seen in his work for the House of Representatives Special Committee on Government Competition with Private Business, 1933. Lauck served as Chairman of the Pennsylvania Anthracite Industry Coal Commission, 1937. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLauck was Vice President of the organization American Association for Economic Freedom. He was also an author or co-author of many books and other publications, including \"The Causes of the Panic of 1893\" (1905); \"The Immigration Problem\" with Johann Wolfgang Jenks (1911); \"Conditions of Labor in American Industries\" with Edgar Sydenstricker (1917); \"The Industrial Code\" with C.S. Watts (1923); Political and Industrial Democracy, 1776-1926\" (1926); and \"The New Industrial Revolution and Wages\" (1929) and Editor of \"British War Experience Series.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"W. Jett Lauck: Biography of a Reformer\" by Carmen Brissette Grayson is a 1975 University of Virginia dissertation that covers the early part of Lauck's career up until the Depression.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Jett Lauck, an American economist and statistician, whose work expertise and experience was both broad and varied, was born on August 2, 1879, in Keyser, West Virginia, to William Blackford Lauck, a railway official, and Emma Eltinge (Spengler) Lauck. He attended Keyser High School and Washington and Lee University (Bachelor of Arts, 1903), becoming a Fellow in the department of political economy at the University of Chicago, 1903-1906. Lauck was an associate professor of economics and political science at Washington and Lee University, 1905-1908, until he entered government service in 1908. That same year, he was married to Eleanor Moore Dunlap of Lexington, Virginia, and they had three children, William Jett Lauck, Jr., Eleanor Moore Lauck and Peter Blackford Lauck. Lauck belonged to the Cosmos and Chevy Chase clubs and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Kappa Sigma, and Theta Nu Epsilon.","Lauck joining the United States Immigration Commission in 1908-1909, where he designed a survey of immigration for the Commission. Lauck was the chief examiner for the Tariff Board, 1910-1911. The U.S. Commission on Industrial Relations hired Lauck in 1913-1915 as a managerial expert and consulting statistician to design their investigation into industrial problems in the United States. He was an economic advisor on the Canadian Commission on Economic Development, 1916. Lauck joined the U.S. National War Labor Board in 1918 as Secretary.","Lauck also took part in the national movement for banking reform and the establishment of the Federal Reserve banking system1911-1912. As an expert on railway economics, he represented the Brotherhoods of Locomotive Firemen and Engineers in their demands for wage increases during a series of arbitrations from 1912-1919, the Western freight weight case, 1915, and also represented the railroad unions in several high-profile national railroad arbitrations in the early twenties. Lauck functioned as the economic advisor for presidential candidate James B. Cox in 1920 and 1924. In 1926, Lauck devised a settlement to end the Passaic New Jersey textile strike.","During a large part of his career, W. Jett Lauck acted as an economic advisor to John L. Lewis and the United Mine Workers, the Committee on Industrial Organization, the United Automobile Workers and other union organizations, in arbitrations and cases, 1919-1939. He was an investigator for the U.S. Coal Commission, 1923 and economist for the Grain Marketing Company, Chicago, 1924-1925. Lauck assisted on the legislative drafting committee for the National Recovery Act in 1933 and as an expert advisor to the Senate Finance Committee on the revision of the National Recovery Act in 1935. He was also a member of various special boards, and a labor advisor to the Coal Section of the National Recovery Act, 1933-1935. He was also often a government expert witness, as seen in his work for the House of Representatives Special Committee on Government Competition with Private Business, 1933. Lauck served as Chairman of the Pennsylvania Anthracite Industry Coal Commission, 1937.","Lauck was Vice President of the organization American Association for Economic Freedom. He was also an author or co-author of many books and other publications, including \"The Causes of the Panic of 1893\" (1905); \"The Immigration Problem\" with Johann Wolfgang Jenks (1911); \"Conditions of Labor in American Industries\" with Edgar Sydenstricker (1917); \"The Industrial Code\" with C.S. Watts (1923); Political and Industrial Democracy, 1776-1926\" (1926); and \"The New Industrial Revolution and Wages\" (1929) and Editor of \"British War Experience Series.\"","\"W. Jett Lauck: Biography of a Reformer\" by Carmen Brissette Grayson is a 1975 University of Virginia dissertation that covers the early part of Lauck's career up until the Depression."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript student assistants who worked on the W. Jett Lauck papers for at least one semester include Jacob M. Baker, Shannon Lee, Jacob T. Shaw, and Emily Shipman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOnly two copies of identical duplicates having no annotations were kept. Duplicates were compared and only two were kept of each unique document or publication.  News clippings were only copied if used by Lauck in a case or arbitration, contained an article or other work by him, or information pertaining to his work and career. Others were sorted and arranged by topcs that he had written on the clipping; those with no obvious relevance were discarded. Ledgers and scrapbooks were rehoused in acid free cubic boxes or phase boxes created by the Preservation staff.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginally the papers were organized with the help of a University of Virginia history seminar sometime between their transfer to Special Collections from the Law Library and 1973, producing a large paper finding aid consisting of the list of the file folder headings. Folders were replaced near the end of the 1990's but some folder headings were lost or corrupted. In 2018, the papers were re-organized into series based on several early indexes created by the office of W. Jett Lauck. Folder headings were corrected based on the indexes, the original paper finding aid, and Lauck's notations on the tops of his documents. Headings were altered on the folders when possible to match the finding aid but only some of the folders were replaced due to constraints of time and money.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhysical processing work was complicated by constant student assistant turn-over and the interruption of the Pandemic of 2020-2021, which prevented onsite work for almost six months and allowed only several onsite short stints per week  the rest of the time. The finding aid is as accurate as these conditions have permitted but there may well be inconsistencies. If such errors are discovered, we welcome researcher input.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Manuscript student assistants who worked on the W. Jett Lauck papers for at least one semester include Jacob M. Baker, Shannon Lee, Jacob T. Shaw, and Emily Shipman.","Only two copies of identical duplicates having no annotations were kept. Duplicates were compared and only two were kept of each unique document or publication.  News clippings were only copied if used by Lauck in a case or arbitration, contained an article or other work by him, or information pertaining to his work and career. Others were sorted and arranged by topcs that he had written on the clipping; those with no obvious relevance were discarded. Ledgers and scrapbooks were rehoused in acid free cubic boxes or phase boxes created by the Preservation staff.","Originally the papers were organized with the help of a University of Virginia history seminar sometime between their transfer to Special Collections from the Law Library and 1973, producing a large paper finding aid consisting of the list of the file folder headings. Folders were replaced near the end of the 1990's but some folder headings were lost or corrupted. In 2018, the papers were re-organized into series based on several early indexes created by the office of W. Jett Lauck. Folder headings were corrected based on the indexes, the original paper finding aid, and Lauck's notations on the tops of his documents. Headings were altered on the folders when possible to match the finding aid but only some of the folders were replaced due to constraints of time and money.","Physical processing work was complicated by constant student assistant turn-over and the interruption of the Pandemic of 2020-2021, which prevented onsite work for almost six months and allowed only several onsite short stints per week  the rest of the time. The finding aid is as accurate as these conditions have permitted but there may well be inconsistencies. If such errors are discovered, we welcome researcher input."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe W. Jett Lauck collection consists of his professional, business and personal papers as an economist, statistician and government consultant on immigration, banking, railroads, coal, and unemployment problems as well as other facets of labor in the United States. Included are correspondence, scrapbooks of news clippings reflecting his activities, labor reports and studies, drafts of congressional bills, legal briefs, and other material concerning labor problems in the United States from its formative World War I years until 1949. They begin with his association with the progressive labor codes of the Taft-Walsh Labor Relations Commission and continue with the Railway Labor Act of 1926; the fight to gain recognition of labor's right to collective bargaining \"through representatives of their own choosing\" under the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933; the incorporation of its principles in the National Labor Relations Act; and further activity in defense of this act.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther manuscripts deal with studies of government competition with private business, the American Association for Economic Freedom, the New York Power Authority; branch, chain, and group banking, drafts of speeches, and work diary accounts of activities and meetings with prominent congressional and labor leaders on labor problems and legislation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe largest portions of the W. Jett Lauck papers deal with cases and arbitrations, chiefly railroad and coal related, his work on various boards and commission and topical files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHis correspondence with individuals heading organizations interested in labor and industrial relations was wide-spread, just as it was with political figures, educators, and labor leaders.\n Among the public figures with whom he corresponded are Bernard Baruch, Homer S. Cummings, Clarence A. Dystra, John T. Flynn, Guy M. Gillette, Leon Henderson, Herbert Hoover, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, William S. Knudsen, Robert M. Fa Follette, Jr., Franklin K. Lane, John L. Lewis,  H.C. Lodge, Jr., William G. McAdoo, James M. Mead, Francis P. Miller, Henry Morgenthau, Karl E. Mundt, Donald Nelson, Judge Ferdinand Pecora, Frances Perkins, Gifford Pinchot, James H. Price, Franklin D. Roosevelt, E.R. Stettinius, Jr., Robert F. Wagner, David I. Walsh, Burton K. Wheeler, and Woodrow Wilson.\nThe educators include Hardy Dillard, Edward C. Elliot, Frank Graham, J.W. Jenks, Richard R. Mead, Lewis Tyree, Harry F. Ward, H.B. Wells, and Ray Lyman Wilbur; and the labor leaders Jacob Baker, Solomon Barkin, Van A. Bittner, Sophia Carey, David Dubinsky, P.T. Fagan, John P. Frey, William Green, Sydney Hillman, Earl E. Houck, Thomas Kennedy, Donald MacMillan, and A.O. Wharton.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The W. Jett Lauck collection consists of his professional, business and personal papers as an economist, statistician and government consultant on immigration, banking, railroads, coal, and unemployment problems as well as other facets of labor in the United States. Included are correspondence, scrapbooks of news clippings reflecting his activities, labor reports and studies, drafts of congressional bills, legal briefs, and other material concerning labor problems in the United States from its formative World War I years until 1949. They begin with his association with the progressive labor codes of the Taft-Walsh Labor Relations Commission and continue with the Railway Labor Act of 1926; the fight to gain recognition of labor's right to collective bargaining \"through representatives of their own choosing\" under the National Industrial Recovery Act in 1933; the incorporation of its principles in the National Labor Relations Act; and further activity in defense of this act.","Other manuscripts deal with studies of government competition with private business, the American Association for Economic Freedom, the New York Power Authority; branch, chain, and group banking, drafts of speeches, and work diary accounts of activities and meetings with prominent congressional and labor leaders on labor problems and legislation.","The largest portions of the W. Jett Lauck papers deal with cases and arbitrations, chiefly railroad and coal related, his work on various boards and commission and topical files.","His correspondence with individuals heading organizations interested in labor and industrial relations was wide-spread, just as it was with political figures, educators, and labor leaders.\n Among the public figures with whom he corresponded are Bernard Baruch, Homer S. Cummings, Clarence A. Dystra, John T. Flynn, Guy M. Gillette, Leon Henderson, Herbert Hoover, Hugh S. Johnson, Jesse Jones, William S. Knudsen, Robert M. Fa Follette, Jr., Franklin K. Lane, John L. Lewis,  H.C. Lodge, Jr., William G. McAdoo, James M. Mead, Francis P. Miller, Henry Morgenthau, Karl E. Mundt, Donald Nelson, Judge Ferdinand Pecora, Frances Perkins, Gifford Pinchot, James H. Price, Franklin D. Roosevelt, E.R. Stettinius, Jr., Robert F. Wagner, David I. Walsh, Burton K. Wheeler, and Woodrow Wilson.\nThe educators include Hardy Dillard, Edward C. Elliot, Frank Graham, J.W. Jenks, Richard R. Mead, Lewis Tyree, Harry F. Ward, H.B. Wells, and Ray Lyman Wilbur; and the labor leaders Jacob Baker, Solomon Barkin, Van A. Bittner, Sophia Carey, David Dubinsky, P.T. Fagan, John P. Frey, William Green, Sydney Hillman, Earl E. Houck, Thomas Kennedy, Donald MacMillan, and A.O. Wharton."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Lauck, W. Jett (Lauck, William Jett), 1879-1949"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3325,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_724_c06_c01_c09"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts, 1850/1880","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07","parent_ssim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020","Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07"],"title_filing_ssi":"Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts","title_ssm":["Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts"],"title_tesim":["Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts, 1850/1880"],"text":["Artimesia Snow letters to her husband, Erastus Snow, Transcripts, 1850/1880","Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020","Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany","box 151","folder 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020","Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020","Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1880"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1880"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1311,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"containers_ssim":["box 151","folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open and available for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Some items are copies of materials held by other institutions and would require permission to copy."],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#75","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1115","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1115.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/148402","title_filing_ssi":"Prince, Gregory A., Mormon Studies Collection","title_ssm":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection"],"title_tesim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1813-2020"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1813-2020"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1813/2020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020"],"text":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020","MSS 16540","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1115","Mormon Church","Mormon women","Mormon converts","Mormon gays","Mormon missionaries","segregation--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon Church--Apologetic Works","Mormon pioneers--Utah--Biography","Mormon Church--Sacred Books","polygamy--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Smith, Joseph, Jr., 1805-1844","racism--Religious aspects--Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints","Young, Brigham, 1801-1877","History--Religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon church buildings","Mormon authors","church officers--Mormon Church","This collection is open and available for research use.","The Prince Mormon Studies collection is arranged in nine Series:","1) Beehive Girls Material (Boxes 1-7)\n2) David O. McKay Diaries and Related Volumes (Ledgers 1-121)\n3) Pamphlets (Boxes 8-122)\n4) Biographical Files (Boxes 122-126)","For the biographical files, the date of creation are based on the end date of when the item was originally written or when it was published. All of this information was taken from the typescript copies themselves, most of which appear to have been generated from a Brigham Young University website and printed in 1999.","5) The Reed Smoot Hearings Related Materials (Boxes 127-134)\n6) Temperance Pamphlets (Boxes 134-141)\n7) Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany (Boxes 142-152 and  \t\t\tLedgers 122-136)\n8) Oversize Pamphlets and Newspapers","A Newspapers – Incomplete Runs (Flat Oversize Boxes \t\t    \t\t\t1-13)","B Oversize Pamphlets, Photographs and Individual Newspapers (Flat Oversize Boxes 14-18 and one Oversize Flat File folder)","9) Audiovisual Materials (Boxes 153-157)","\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.","Over a period of fifteen years at the National Institutes of Health and Johns Hopkins University, he and his co-workers developed the thesis that RSV disease could be prevented by administering antiviral antibodies to high-risk infants. He co-founded Virion Systems, Inc. to commercialize this thesis, and serves as its President and CEO. In 1989, Virion Systems and MedImmune, Inc. formed a joint venture to conduct clinical trials that ultimately resulted in the licensure by the Food and Drug Administration of RespiGam™ (1996), and Synagis™ (1998) for the prevention of RSV pneumonia in high-risk infants. Synagis™ is the first monoclonal antibody ever licensed for use against any infectious agent and its first-year sales made it one of the most successful biotech product launches in history. In addition to a career in science, Dr. Prince is an acclaimed historian.\"","For further information about Dr. Prince, his publications and other work, see:","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Prince","Originally all the general pamphlet files arrived in hanging folders and 108 cubic boxes and needed to be rehoused. \"The Women's Exponent\" and \"Deseret Church News\" were in non coventional oversize boxes and also were rehoused.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Some of this material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection (MSS 16540), 1813-2020, contains about 10,000 items (107 cubic feet) and reflects a lifetime of dedicated scholarship and careful acquisition of materials by Gregory A. Prince that would be very difficult to replicate in modern times. It contains pamphlets, charts, books, manuscripts, diaries, journals, audiovisual materials, newspapers, photographs, artifacts, and ephemera related to the organization and evolution of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). This donation, acquired by a collaboration between the University of Virginia Library and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, makes the University of Virginia the leading site for the study of Mormonism outside of Utah. Its unique materials will support both the teaching and research goals of the Mormon Studies program. About two-thirds of the collection will join the circulating collections of the University Library with the remainder being placed in Special Collections Archives and Rare Book sections.","\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.\" He has collected LDS Church materials for almost fifty years and has written four books on Mormon topics himself, becoming a recognized historian in his own right. Prince became convinced that the University of Virginia could become an unrivaled center for Mormon Studies with the addition of his collection combined with the presence of an endowed Mormon Studies professorship and its world-class University research library.","Materials were organized to maintain the original groupings and arrangement created by Dr. Prince. General groupings include pamphlet files, biographical files, David McKay diaries, \"The Deseret News\" and \"The Woman's Exponent\" publications, Senator Reed Smoot subject files, handbooks and other materials concerning the Beehive Girls, the Crisis of Faith survey and reports, ephemera, and audiovisual materials, chiefly DVDs.","The collection includes a great variety of subjects and formats, works by both practicing Mormons and critics of the religion, all covering a large historical period. It includes works concerning Mormonism of both an official nature and from a popular culture perspective, including magazine articles, cartoons, dime novels, a comic book, and a graphic novel. It contains materials in at least fourteen different languages that demonstrate the world-wide influence of Mormonism. Topics of focus include the structure and practices of the Church, the Book of Mormon, splinter sects, race, sexuality, gay and lesbian Mormons, the role of women in the Church of Latter-Day Saints, polygamy, politics, the temperance movement, crisis of faith surveys, and the presidency of David O. McKay. An appraiser stated that the internal structural changes of the church can be traced in the \"lengthy runs of priesthood, young adult, woman's journals, seminary manuals, etc.\" which were typically replaced periodically or thrown away, but in this case have been retained. The collection richly documents the establishment and development of a distinctly American and modern religion.","The pamphlet files primarily contain printed materials but also include other ephemera on a wide variety of topics, events, and people in the Mormon faith. Pamphlet files were organized by size: general pamphlets and large pamphlets. Prince maintained pamphlets about the subject of temperance separately.","Biographical files about significant members in the church were kept by the donor; much of this information was generated from a Brigham Young University website. These materials are organized alphabetically by title or name.","Runs of publications include \"The Woman's Exponent,\" a bimonthly newspaper (1873-1914) from members of the Relief Society, an LDS women's organization, and an incomplete twentieth century run of \"The Deseret News.\"","Also present are 121 volumes of typescript copies of the \"journals\" of David O. McKay, that were kept by McKay's long-time secretary, Clare Middlemiss, who had intentions of writing McKay's memoir. Along with the diaries are additional volumes titled archival subjects, scrapbooks, published materials and related material.","The Senator Reed Smoot research files all focus on the Congressional hearings about whether the United States Senate should seat Senator Reed Smoot, an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, elected by the Utah legislature in 1903. The hearings began in 1904 and continued until 1907, when a Senate vote failed to achieve the two-thirds majority required to expel a member. This allowed Smoot to retain his seat.","Audiovisual materials consist primarily of CDs and DVDs chiefly of interviews about a 2006 church history tour and KJZZ Television scholar interviews both related to the Joseph Smith Papers Project and a media kit, \"The House of the Lord.\"","The collection also includes 53 boxes of rare books which will be cataloged separately. A significant part of the collections has been included in the University's circulating collection.","Many of the materials in the collection have a Flake number. This number refers to its citation number in the Mormon bibliography, 1830-1930, by C.J. Flake and Larry W. Draper, relating to the first century of Mormonism. Volume 1 is A-M and Volume 2 is N-Z. An online version is available at:","http://lib.byu.edu/collections/mormon-bibliography/","Some items are copies of materials held by other institutions and would require permission to copy.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince, Gregory A., 1948-","English\n      French\n      German\n      Samoan\n      Swedish\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      Hebrew\n      Hawaiian\n      Danish\n      Portuguese\n      Armenian\n      Italian\n      Czech"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020"],"collection_ssim":["Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection, 1813/2020"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16540","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1115"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16540","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1115"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-","Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"creator_ssim":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-","Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Some items are copies of materials held by other institutions and would require permission to copy."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Mormon Studies Collection was a gift of Gregory A. Prince, on March 23, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Mormon Church","Mormon women","Mormon converts","Mormon gays","Mormon missionaries","segregation--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon Church--Apologetic Works","Mormon pioneers--Utah--Biography","Mormon Church--Sacred Books","polygamy--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Smith, Joseph, Jr., 1805-1844","racism--Religious aspects--Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints","Young, Brigham, 1801-1877","History--Religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon church buildings","Mormon authors","church officers--Mormon Church"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Mormon Church","Mormon women","Mormon converts","Mormon gays","Mormon missionaries","segregation--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon Church--Apologetic Works","Mormon pioneers--Utah--Biography","Mormon Church--Sacred Books","polygamy--religious aspects--Mormon Church","Smith, Joseph, Jr., 1805-1844","racism--Religious aspects--Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints","Young, Brigham, 1801-1877","History--Religious aspects--Mormon Church","Mormon church buildings","Mormon authors","church officers--Mormon Church"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["107 Cubic Feet The Archival section of the papers arrived in 108 cubic and oversize boxes."],"extent_tesim":["107 Cubic Feet The Archival section of the papers arrived in 108 cubic and oversize boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open and available for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open and available for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Prince Mormon Studies collection is arranged in nine Series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1) Beehive Girls Material (Boxes 1-7)\n2) David O. McKay Diaries and Related Volumes (Ledgers 1-121)\n3) Pamphlets (Boxes 8-122)\n4) Biographical Files (Boxes 122-126)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e   For the biographical files, the date of creation are based on the end date of when the item was originally written or when it was published. All of this information was taken from the typescript copies themselves, most of which appear to have been generated from a Brigham Young University website and printed in 1999. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e5) The Reed Smoot Hearings Related Materials (Boxes 127-134)\n6) Temperance Pamphlets (Boxes 134-141)\n7) Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany (Boxes 142-152 and  \t\t\tLedgers 122-136)\n8) Oversize Pamphlets and Newspapers\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nA Newspapers – Incomplete Runs (Flat Oversize Boxes \t\t    \t\t\t1-13)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eB Oversize Pamphlets, Photographs and Individual Newspapers (Flat Oversize Boxes 14-18 and one Oversize Flat File folder)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e9) Audiovisual Materials (Boxes 153-157)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Prince Mormon Studies collection is arranged in nine Series:","1) Beehive Girls Material (Boxes 1-7)\n2) David O. McKay Diaries and Related Volumes (Ledgers 1-121)\n3) Pamphlets (Boxes 8-122)\n4) Biographical Files (Boxes 122-126)","For the biographical files, the date of creation are based on the end date of when the item was originally written or when it was published. All of this information was taken from the typescript copies themselves, most of which appear to have been generated from a Brigham Young University website and printed in 1999.","5) The Reed Smoot Hearings Related Materials (Boxes 127-134)\n6) Temperance Pamphlets (Boxes 134-141)\n7) Manuscripts, Ephemera and Miscellany (Boxes 142-152 and  \t\t\tLedgers 122-136)\n8) Oversize Pamphlets and Newspapers","A Newspapers – Incomplete Runs (Flat Oversize Boxes \t\t    \t\t\t1-13)","B Oversize Pamphlets, Photographs and Individual Newspapers (Flat Oversize Boxes 14-18 and one Oversize Flat File folder)","9) Audiovisual Materials (Boxes 153-157)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver a period of fifteen years at the National Institutes of Health and Johns Hopkins University, he and his co-workers developed the thesis that RSV disease could be prevented by administering antiviral antibodies to high-risk infants. He co-founded Virion Systems, Inc. to commercialize this thesis, and serves as its President and CEO. In 1989, Virion Systems and MedImmune, Inc. formed a joint venture to conduct clinical trials that ultimately resulted in the licensure by the Food and Drug Administration of RespiGam™ (1996), and Synagis™ (1998) for the prevention of RSV pneumonia in high-risk infants. Synagis™ is the first monoclonal antibody ever licensed for use against any infectious agent and its first-year sales made it one of the most successful biotech product launches in history. In addition to a career in science, Dr. Prince is an acclaimed historian.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor further information about Dr. Prince, his publications and other work, see:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Prince\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.","Over a period of fifteen years at the National Institutes of Health and Johns Hopkins University, he and his co-workers developed the thesis that RSV disease could be prevented by administering antiviral antibodies to high-risk infants. He co-founded Virion Systems, Inc. to commercialize this thesis, and serves as its President and CEO. In 1989, Virion Systems and MedImmune, Inc. formed a joint venture to conduct clinical trials that ultimately resulted in the licensure by the Food and Drug Administration of RespiGam™ (1996), and Synagis™ (1998) for the prevention of RSV pneumonia in high-risk infants. Synagis™ is the first monoclonal antibody ever licensed for use against any infectious agent and its first-year sales made it one of the most successful biotech product launches in history. In addition to a career in science, Dr. Prince is an acclaimed historian.\"","For further information about Dr. Prince, his publications and other work, see:","https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Prince"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginally all the general pamphlet files arrived in hanging folders and 108 cubic boxes and needed to be rehoused. \"The Women's Exponent\" and \"Deseret Church News\" were in non coventional oversize boxes and also were rehoused.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Some of this material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","Content Warning"],"odd_tesim":["Originally all the general pamphlet files arrived in hanging folders and 108 cubic boxes and needed to be rehoused. \"The Women's Exponent\" and \"Deseret Church News\" were in non coventional oversize boxes and also were rehoused.","This material contains offensive or harmful language based on race and religion. Some of this material may contain offensive or harmful language or imagery. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGrgory A. Prince Mormon Studies collection, MSS 16540, circa 1813-2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Grgory A. Prince Mormon Studies collection, MSS 16540, circa 1813-2020, Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection (MSS 16540), 1813-2020, contains about 10,000 items (107 cubic feet) and reflects a lifetime of dedicated scholarship and careful acquisition of materials by Gregory A. Prince that would be very difficult to replicate in modern times. It contains pamphlets, charts, books, manuscripts, diaries, journals, audiovisual materials, newspapers, photographs, artifacts, and ephemera related to the organization and evolution of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). This donation, acquired by a collaboration between the University of Virginia Library and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, makes the University of Virginia the leading site for the study of Mormonism outside of Utah. Its unique materials will support both the teaching and research goals of the Mormon Studies program. About two-thirds of the collection will join the circulating collections of the University Library with the remainder being placed in Special Collections Archives and Rare Book sections. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.\" He has collected LDS Church materials for almost fifty years and has written four books on Mormon topics himself, becoming a recognized historian in his own right. Prince became convinced that the University of Virginia could become an unrivaled center for Mormon Studies with the addition of his collection combined with the presence of an endowed Mormon Studies professorship and its world-class University research library. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were organized to maintain the original groupings and arrangement created by Dr. Prince. General groupings include pamphlet files, biographical files, David McKay diaries, \"The Deseret News\" and \"The Woman's Exponent\" publications, Senator Reed Smoot subject files, handbooks and other materials concerning the Beehive Girls, the Crisis of Faith survey and reports, ephemera, and audiovisual materials, chiefly DVDs. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes a great variety of subjects and formats, works by both practicing Mormons and critics of the religion, all covering a large historical period. It includes works concerning Mormonism of both an official nature and from a popular culture perspective, including magazine articles, cartoons, dime novels, a comic book, and a graphic novel. It contains materials in at least fourteen different languages that demonstrate the world-wide influence of Mormonism. Topics of focus include the structure and practices of the Church, the Book of Mormon, splinter sects, race, sexuality, gay and lesbian Mormons, the role of women in the Church of Latter-Day Saints, polygamy, politics, the temperance movement, crisis of faith surveys, and the presidency of David O. McKay. An appraiser stated that the internal structural changes of the church can be traced in the \"lengthy runs of priesthood, young adult, woman's journals, seminary manuals, etc.\" which were typically replaced periodically or thrown away, but in this case have been retained. The collection richly documents the establishment and development of a distinctly American and modern religion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pamphlet files primarily contain printed materials but also include other ephemera on a wide variety of topics, events, and people in the Mormon faith. Pamphlet files were organized by size: general pamphlets and large pamphlets. Prince maintained pamphlets about the subject of temperance separately. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical files about significant members in the church were kept by the donor; much of this information was generated from a Brigham Young University website. These materials are organized alphabetically by title or name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRuns of publications include \"The Woman's Exponent,\" a bimonthly newspaper (1873-1914) from members of the Relief Society, an LDS women's organization, and an incomplete twentieth century run of \"The Deseret News.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso present are 121 volumes of typescript copies of the \"journals\" of David O. McKay, that were kept by McKay's long-time secretary, Clare Middlemiss, who had intentions of writing McKay's memoir. Along with the diaries are additional volumes titled archival subjects, scrapbooks, published materials and related material. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Senator Reed Smoot research files all focus on the Congressional hearings about whether the United States Senate should seat Senator Reed Smoot, an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, elected by the Utah legislature in 1903. The hearings began in 1904 and continued until 1907, when a Senate vote failed to achieve the two-thirds majority required to expel a member. This allowed Smoot to retain his seat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudiovisual materials consist primarily of CDs and DVDs chiefly of interviews about a 2006 church history tour and KJZZ Television scholar interviews both related to the Joseph Smith Papers Project and a media kit, \"The House of the Lord.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes 53 boxes of rare books which will be cataloged separately. A significant part of the collections has been included in the University's circulating collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the materials in the collection have a Flake number. This number refers to its citation number in the Mormon bibliography, 1830-1930, by C.J. Flake and Larry W. Draper, relating to the first century of Mormonism. Volume 1 is A-M and Volume 2 is N-Z. An online version is available at: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ehttp://lib.byu.edu/collections/mormon-bibliography/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Gregory A. Prince Mormon Studies Collection (MSS 16540), 1813-2020, contains about 10,000 items (107 cubic feet) and reflects a lifetime of dedicated scholarship and careful acquisition of materials by Gregory A. Prince that would be very difficult to replicate in modern times. It contains pamphlets, charts, books, manuscripts, diaries, journals, audiovisual materials, newspapers, photographs, artifacts, and ephemera related to the organization and evolution of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS). This donation, acquired by a collaboration between the University of Virginia Library and the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, makes the University of Virginia the leading site for the study of Mormonism outside of Utah. Its unique materials will support both the teaching and research goals of the Mormon Studies program. About two-thirds of the collection will join the circulating collections of the University Library with the remainder being placed in Special Collections Archives and Rare Book sections.","\"Dr. Gregory A. Prince (1948-) was born and reared in Los Angeles, California. He attended Dixie College from 1965-1967, graduating as valedictorian. He attended the UCLA School of Dentistry from 1969-1973, again graduating as valedictorian. He received a Ph.D. in Pathology from UCLA in 1975, studying respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), the primary cause of infant pneumonia worldwide.\" He has collected LDS Church materials for almost fifty years and has written four books on Mormon topics himself, becoming a recognized historian in his own right. Prince became convinced that the University of Virginia could become an unrivaled center for Mormon Studies with the addition of his collection combined with the presence of an endowed Mormon Studies professorship and its world-class University research library.","Materials were organized to maintain the original groupings and arrangement created by Dr. Prince. General groupings include pamphlet files, biographical files, David McKay diaries, \"The Deseret News\" and \"The Woman's Exponent\" publications, Senator Reed Smoot subject files, handbooks and other materials concerning the Beehive Girls, the Crisis of Faith survey and reports, ephemera, and audiovisual materials, chiefly DVDs.","The collection includes a great variety of subjects and formats, works by both practicing Mormons and critics of the religion, all covering a large historical period. It includes works concerning Mormonism of both an official nature and from a popular culture perspective, including magazine articles, cartoons, dime novels, a comic book, and a graphic novel. It contains materials in at least fourteen different languages that demonstrate the world-wide influence of Mormonism. Topics of focus include the structure and practices of the Church, the Book of Mormon, splinter sects, race, sexuality, gay and lesbian Mormons, the role of women in the Church of Latter-Day Saints, polygamy, politics, the temperance movement, crisis of faith surveys, and the presidency of David O. McKay. An appraiser stated that the internal structural changes of the church can be traced in the \"lengthy runs of priesthood, young adult, woman's journals, seminary manuals, etc.\" which were typically replaced periodically or thrown away, but in this case have been retained. The collection richly documents the establishment and development of a distinctly American and modern religion.","The pamphlet files primarily contain printed materials but also include other ephemera on a wide variety of topics, events, and people in the Mormon faith. Pamphlet files were organized by size: general pamphlets and large pamphlets. Prince maintained pamphlets about the subject of temperance separately.","Biographical files about significant members in the church were kept by the donor; much of this information was generated from a Brigham Young University website. These materials are organized alphabetically by title or name.","Runs of publications include \"The Woman's Exponent,\" a bimonthly newspaper (1873-1914) from members of the Relief Society, an LDS women's organization, and an incomplete twentieth century run of \"The Deseret News.\"","Also present are 121 volumes of typescript copies of the \"journals\" of David O. McKay, that were kept by McKay's long-time secretary, Clare Middlemiss, who had intentions of writing McKay's memoir. Along with the diaries are additional volumes titled archival subjects, scrapbooks, published materials and related material.","The Senator Reed Smoot research files all focus on the Congressional hearings about whether the United States Senate should seat Senator Reed Smoot, an apostle in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, elected by the Utah legislature in 1903. The hearings began in 1904 and continued until 1907, when a Senate vote failed to achieve the two-thirds majority required to expel a member. This allowed Smoot to retain his seat.","Audiovisual materials consist primarily of CDs and DVDs chiefly of interviews about a 2006 church history tour and KJZZ Television scholar interviews both related to the Joseph Smith Papers Project and a media kit, \"The House of the Lord.\"","The collection also includes 53 boxes of rare books which will be cataloged separately. A significant part of the collections has been included in the University's circulating collection.","Many of the materials in the collection have a Flake number. This number refers to its citation number in the Mormon bibliography, 1830-1930, by C.J. Flake and Larry W. Draper, relating to the first century of Mormonism. Volume 1 is A-M and Volume 2 is N-Z. An online version is available at:","http://lib.byu.edu/collections/mormon-bibliography/"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome items are copies of materials held by other institutions and would require permission to copy.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some items are copies of materials held by other institutions and would require permission to copy."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"persname_ssim":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"names_coll_ssim":["Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Prince, Gregory A., 1948-"],"language_ssim":["English\n      French\n      German\n      Samoan\n      Swedish\n      Spanish; Castilian\n      Dutch; Flemish\n      Hebrew\n      Hawaiian\n      Danish\n      Portuguese\n      Armenian\n      Italian\n      Czech"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1711,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:28.109Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1115_c07_c76"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"artworks, 1837/1889","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08","parent_ssim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892","Series 8. Artwork"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"artworks","title_ssm":["artworks"],"title_tesim":["artworks"],"normalized_title_ssm":["artworks, 1837/1889"],"text":["artworks, 1837/1889","Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892","Series 8. Artwork","box 27","folder 6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892","Series 8. Artwork"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892","Series 8. Artwork"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1837/1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1837-1889, undated"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":461,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892"],"containers_ssim":["box 27","folder 6"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1572","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1572.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191438","title_filing_ssi":"Horner, Gustavus Richard Brown papers","title_ssm":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers"],"title_tesim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1820-1892 (1920)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1892 (1920)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1892"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892"],"text":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892","MSS 379","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1572","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","South American Description and Travel","Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Nat Turner's Rebellion, Virginia, 1831","The collection is open for research use.","The collection is arranged into 8 series by topic and chronologically by folder. Series 1. Diaries and journals (boxes 28-41), Series 2. Correspondence, Series 3. Enslaved Persons and African Americans (including description of a lynching by Dr. Horner), Series 4. Navy and Medical Career, Series 5. Business contracts, bills and receipts, Series 6. Printed materials, Series 7. Miscellaneous items, Series 8. Art work. It has been partially reprocessed by putting dates in chronological order and updating the description.","Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner, a United States Navy Ship Surgeon born at Warrenton, Virginia, June 18, 1804, was the son of William Horner, of Maryland, and Mary, his wife, daughter of Colonel William Edmonds, of Fauquier County, who commanded a regiment in the revolutionary war. He attended Reverend William Williamson's high school near Middleburg, and the Warrenton Academy, and afterwards graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.","He was assistant surgeon on the United States ship Macedonian for two and a half years, and was then transferred to the USS Brandywine for six months. He was on the U.S.S. John Adams, and was promoted to surgeon. For three years, he cruised in the Mediterranean sea, and he made a second cruise of four years on the frigate United States. He was then on shore duty until 1841, and went to Brazil on the U.S.S. Delaware, remaining until 1843 as fleet surgeon, and was then sent again to the Mediterranean.","In 1844 as fleet surgeon on the frigate Savannah, he went to California, remaining eighteen months, then coming home in 1850 by way of Panama. In 1856-1858 he was fleet surgeon on the U.S.S. Wabash. In 1861 he went as fleet surgeon to the flag frigate Colorado, of the Gulf blockading squadron. In 1862 he was transferred to the flag-ship Niagara, and later to the San Jacinto, and then to the St. Lawrence, remaining until 1863. He was then on duty at the marine rendezvous at Philadelphia until 1866, when he was placed on the retired list, at the head of the list of navy medical directors. He married Mary Agnes Teresa, daughter of Dr. Charles Byrne, of Jacksonville, Florida.","Source:\n\"Gustavus Richard Brown Horner\" Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Accessed 8/14/23\nhttps://usgenwebsites.org/vagenweb/tylers_bios/vol3-28.htm","This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","This collection contains over 4,000 letters to Dr. Gustavus Richard Brown Horner (from family members and colleagues as well as a letterbook containing copies of letters from Dr. Horner in Warrenton, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1824 to 1892. (The collection totals 41 document boxes).","The letters chronicle the historical and political events of the time including enslavery, violence against indigenous persons, the Civil War, post war conditions, westward expansion, political elections, banking and business failures, difficulties of farming wheat and other crops, the emergence of railroads, operating an academy, education, and differences between professional and agricultural life in the nineteenth century. In addition to enslavery and the Civil War, there are descriptions of other major historical events including General Lafayette at George Washington's gravesite, a sketch of Abraham Lincon's hearse, Nat Turners rebellion, and the loss of many family members to Cholera, Scarlet Fever, and other ailments of the time.","Series 4 Enslavery and African Americans (Content Warning:This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.)There are letters about an enslaved person named Stanton Butler. Of note is a description of seven white men lynching an African American, named Arthur Gordon Jordan in Winchester, Virginia on January 19, 1880. In addition to the description is a sketch of the lynching.(Box 36 Volume 10)","Also included are indentures, receipts, newspapers, school notebooks, artwork, and diaries (journals) about Horner's medical and naval career, including his expeditions around the world (fighting piracy) as a Navy Ship surgeon, including South America (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Uruquay)  the Mediterranean including Italy, Sicily, and Greece. He specifically mentions his voyages on the USS Macedonian I, USS Brandywine, the USS Delaware, the U.S. John Adams, the U.S. Frigate Wabash, the S.S. Savannah, the U.S. Colorado, the Niagara Flag Ship, and the San Jacinto at Saint Lawrence, Key West during the Civil War. \n \nHe was present during the Gold Rush of 1849 in California. During the Civil War he was stationed at the Gulf Blockading Squadron at Key West, Florida.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892"],"collection_ssim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, 1820/1892"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 379","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1572"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 379","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1572"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","South American Description and Travel"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","South American Description and Travel"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","South American Description and Travel"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Mrs. Austin MacDonnell by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Nat Turner's Rebellion, Virginia, 1831"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery--United States--History--19th Century","Nat Turner's Rebellion, Virginia, 1831"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.5 Cubic Feet 41 document boxes and 3 oversize folders."],"extent_tesim":["20.5 Cubic Feet 41 document boxes and 3 oversize folders."],"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into 8 series by topic and chronologically by folder. Series 1. Diaries and journals (boxes 28-41), Series 2. Correspondence, Series 3. Enslaved Persons and African Americans (including description of a lynching by Dr. Horner), Series 4. Navy and Medical Career, Series 5. Business contracts, bills and receipts, Series 6. Printed materials, Series 7. Miscellaneous items, Series 8. Art work. It has been partially reprocessed by putting dates in chronological order and updating the description.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into 8 series by topic and chronologically by folder. Series 1. Diaries and journals (boxes 28-41), Series 2. Correspondence, Series 3. Enslaved Persons and African Americans (including description of a lynching by Dr. Horner), Series 4. Navy and Medical Career, Series 5. Business contracts, bills and receipts, Series 6. Printed materials, Series 7. Miscellaneous items, Series 8. Art work. It has been partially reprocessed by putting dates in chronological order and updating the description."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner, a United States Navy Ship Surgeon born at Warrenton, Virginia, June 18, 1804, was the son of William Horner, of Maryland, and Mary, his wife, daughter of Colonel William Edmonds, of Fauquier County, who commanded a regiment in the revolutionary war. He attended Reverend William Williamson's high school near Middleburg, and the Warrenton Academy, and afterwards graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was assistant surgeon on the United States ship Macedonian for two and a half years, and was then transferred to the USS Brandywine for six months. He was on the U.S.S. John Adams, and was promoted to surgeon. For three years, he cruised in the Mediterranean sea, and he made a second cruise of four years on the frigate United States. He was then on shore duty until 1841, and went to Brazil on the U.S.S. Delaware, remaining until 1843 as fleet surgeon, and was then sent again to the Mediterranean. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1844 as fleet surgeon on the frigate Savannah, he went to California, remaining eighteen months, then coming home in 1850 by way of Panama. In 1856-1858 he was fleet surgeon on the U.S.S. Wabash. In 1861 he went as fleet surgeon to the flag frigate Colorado, of the Gulf blockading squadron. In 1862 he was transferred to the flag-ship Niagara, and later to the San Jacinto, and then to the St. Lawrence, remaining until 1863. He was then on duty at the marine rendezvous at Philadelphia until 1866, when he was placed on the retired list, at the head of the list of navy medical directors. He married Mary Agnes Teresa, daughter of Dr. Charles Byrne, of Jacksonville, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Gustavus Richard Brown Horner\" Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Accessed 8/14/23\nhttps://usgenwebsites.org/vagenweb/tylers_bios/vol3-28.htm\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner, a United States Navy Ship Surgeon born at Warrenton, Virginia, June 18, 1804, was the son of William Horner, of Maryland, and Mary, his wife, daughter of Colonel William Edmonds, of Fauquier County, who commanded a regiment in the revolutionary war. He attended Reverend William Williamson's high school near Middleburg, and the Warrenton Academy, and afterwards graduated in medicine at the University of Pennsylvania.","He was assistant surgeon on the United States ship Macedonian for two and a half years, and was then transferred to the USS Brandywine for six months. He was on the U.S.S. John Adams, and was promoted to surgeon. For three years, he cruised in the Mediterranean sea, and he made a second cruise of four years on the frigate United States. He was then on shore duty until 1841, and went to Brazil on the U.S.S. Delaware, remaining until 1843 as fleet surgeon, and was then sent again to the Mediterranean.","In 1844 as fleet surgeon on the frigate Savannah, he went to California, remaining eighteen months, then coming home in 1850 by way of Panama. In 1856-1858 he was fleet surgeon on the U.S.S. Wabash. In 1861 he went as fleet surgeon to the flag frigate Colorado, of the Gulf blockading squadron. In 1862 he was transferred to the flag-ship Niagara, and later to the San Jacinto, and then to the St. Lawrence, remaining until 1863. He was then on duty at the marine rendezvous at Philadelphia until 1866, when he was placed on the retired list, at the head of the list of navy medical directors. He married Mary Agnes Teresa, daughter of Dr. Charles Byrne, of Jacksonville, Florida.","Source:\n\"Gustavus Richard Brown Horner\" Encyclopedia of Virginia Biography. Accessed 8/14/23\nhttps://usgenwebsites.org/vagenweb/tylers_bios/vol3-28.htm"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 379, Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 379, Gustavus Richard \"Brown\" Horner papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains over 4,000 letters to Dr. Gustavus Richard Brown Horner (from family members and colleagues as well as a letterbook containing copies of letters from Dr. Horner in Warrenton, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1824 to 1892. (The collection totals 41 document boxes). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe letters chronicle the historical and political events of the time including enslavery, violence against indigenous persons, the Civil War, post war conditions, westward expansion, political elections, banking and business failures, difficulties of farming wheat and other crops, the emergence of railroads, operating an academy, education, and differences between professional and agricultural life in the nineteenth century. In addition to enslavery and the Civil War, there are descriptions of other major historical events including General Lafayette at George Washington's gravesite, a sketch of Abraham Lincon's hearse, Nat Turners rebellion, and the loss of many family members to Cholera, Scarlet Fever, and other ailments of the time. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4 Enslavery and African Americans (Content Warning:This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.)There are letters about an enslaved person named Stanton Butler. Of note is a description of seven white men lynching an African American, named Arthur Gordon Jordan in Winchester, Virginia on January 19, 1880. In addition to the description is a sketch of the lynching.(Box 36 Volume 10)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso included are indentures, receipts, newspapers, school notebooks, artwork, and diaries (journals) about Horner's medical and naval career, including his expeditions around the world (fighting piracy) as a Navy Ship surgeon, including South America (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Uruquay)  the Mediterranean including Italy, Sicily, and Greece. He specifically mentions his voyages on the USS Macedonian I, USS Brandywine, the USS Delaware, the U.S. John Adams, the U.S. Frigate Wabash, the S.S. Savannah, the U.S. Colorado, the Niagara Flag Ship, and the San Jacinto at Saint Lawrence, Key West during the Civil War. \n \nHe was present during the Gold Rush of 1849 in California. During the Civil War he was stationed at the Gulf Blockading Squadron at Key West, Florida. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains over 4,000 letters to Dr. Gustavus Richard Brown Horner (from family members and colleagues as well as a letterbook containing copies of letters from Dr. Horner in Warrenton, Virginia, and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania from 1824 to 1892. (The collection totals 41 document boxes).","The letters chronicle the historical and political events of the time including enslavery, violence against indigenous persons, the Civil War, post war conditions, westward expansion, political elections, banking and business failures, difficulties of farming wheat and other crops, the emergence of railroads, operating an academy, education, and differences between professional and agricultural life in the nineteenth century. In addition to enslavery and the Civil War, there are descriptions of other major historical events including General Lafayette at George Washington's gravesite, a sketch of Abraham Lincon's hearse, Nat Turners rebellion, and the loss of many family members to Cholera, Scarlet Fever, and other ailments of the time.","Series 4 Enslavery and African Americans (Content Warning:This material contains references or imagery involving racism. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.)There are letters about an enslaved person named Stanton Butler. Of note is a description of seven white men lynching an African American, named Arthur Gordon Jordan in Winchester, Virginia on January 19, 1880. In addition to the description is a sketch of the lynching.(Box 36 Volume 10)","Also included are indentures, receipts, newspapers, school notebooks, artwork, and diaries (journals) about Horner's medical and naval career, including his expeditions around the world (fighting piracy) as a Navy Ship surgeon, including South America (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil and Uruquay)  the Mediterranean including Italy, Sicily, and Greece. He specifically mentions his voyages on the USS Macedonian I, USS Brandywine, the USS Delaware, the U.S. John Adams, the U.S. Frigate Wabash, the S.S. Savannah, the U.S. Colorado, the Niagara Flag Ship, and the San Jacinto at Saint Lawrence, Key West during the Civil War. \n \nHe was present during the Gold Rush of 1849 in California. During the Civil War he was stationed at the Gulf Blockading Squadron at Key West, Florida."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":465,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:40:42.029Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1572_c08_c01"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_617.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/534","title_filing_ssi":"Strode, Aubrey E., papers","title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"text":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969","Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County","Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers","The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill.","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents.","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books.","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"creator_ssm":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"creators_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Aubrey E. Strode papers were originally were placed on loan to the University of Virginia library by his wife, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith, on September 20, 1948, but were made a gift on June 15, 1971. Other smaller accessions were given to the Library to the original group of papers as gifts on January 25, 1961,June 14, 1971, and July 13, 1971."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChildren of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill.","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents.","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books.","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":889,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_617","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_617.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/534","title_filing_ssi":"Strode, Aubrey E., papers","title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"text":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969","Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617","women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County","Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers","The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.","Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill.","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.","Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents.","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books.","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material.","This collection is open for research use.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"collection_ssim":["Aubrey E. Strode papers, 1861/1969"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss 3014","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/617"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Virginia -- Lynchburg","Virginia -- Amherst County"],"creator_ssm":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"creators_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family"],"access_terms_ssm":["This collection is open for research use."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Aubrey E. Strode papers were originally were placed on loan to the University of Virginia library by his wife, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith, on September 20, 1948, but were made a gift on June 15, 1971. Other smaller accessions were given to the Library to the original group of papers as gifts on January 25, 1961,June 14, 1971, and July 13, 1971."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Eugenics -- Virginia","Involuntary sterilization","practice of law -- Virginia","United States. Army. Judge Advocate General","State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded -- Virginia","Democratic party -- Virginia","social problems","Thornhill Wagon Company","Tobacco Growers Co-operative Association","Kenmore High School--Amherst County (Va.)","lawyers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"extent_tesim":["88 Cubic Feet 174 document boxes, 2 large oversize folders, and 2 small oversize folders, and 8 folio ledgers"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Strode papers are arranged in seven series. Series one consists of Strode's attorney case files with two subseries, a) legal case files and b) legal documents and small cases; series two contains the correspondence from Strode's legal practice and judgeship; the third series has family and personal correspondence; the fourth series contains topical and miscellany files; series five has financial papers; series six consists of bound volumes, notebooks, and memoranda books; the seventh and last series is folio bound volumes."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eStrode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBiographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChildren of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Aubrey Ellis Strode, an American lawyer and Democratic politician, was born on October 2, 1873, at Amherst, Virginia, to Henry Aubrey Strode (1844-1898) and Mildred Powell Ellis Strode (1854-1898). Strode graduated from Kenmore High School at Amherst, and attended college at the University of Mississippi, Washington and Lee (1891-1892), and studied law at the University of Virginia, 1898-1899. Strode served as the principal of Ridgeway High School, Ridgeway, South Carolina, and Kenmore University High School, Amherst County, Virginia. The house \"Kenmore,\" was a colonial brick home built by Samuel Meredith Garland, whose granddaughter, Mildred Ellis, married Henry Aubrey Strode. Kenmore Farm became a preparatory high school operated by Henry Aubrey Strode between 1872 and 1889, and 1896-1899. Henry Aubrey Strode also served as the first president of Clemson University, 1890-1893. Aubrey Ellis Strode became principal and continued the school for a few years when his father fell ill.","Upon the death of his parents and being the eldest of the remaining family, Strode decided to study law, passed the bar examination and began practicing law in Amherst County and Lynchburg. His first law partner was Stickley Tucker (1879-1912), the oldest son of Cornelius S. Tucker and Sallie Stickley Tucker.  Aubrey E. Strode and John William Stickley Tucker signed articles of agreement on December 31, 1902, becoming partners in the practice of law, pertaining to the counties of Amherst and Nelson, Virginia under the name of Strode and Tucker, beginning January 1, 1903, with the general office at Amherst Court House. This practice was distinct from the law practice of Aubrey Strode in Lynchburg, Virginia. Later a memorandum of partnership agreement between Aubrey E. Strode and J. Easley Edmunds, Jr. took effect on March 1, 1923 under the firm name of Strode and Edmunds, with Strode as the senior partner.","Strode represented Amherst County and Nelson County in the Virginia Senate, from 1906-1912, and 1916-1920 and was the elector at large in Virginia in 1928. He was an active member of the Democratic Party in Virginia and a popular public speaker supporting Democratic candidates during elections. During World War I, he joined the United States Army serving with the Judge Advocate General Department of the Officers' Reserve Corps. Strode was commissioned April 23, 1918 as Major Judge Advocate and then promoted to Lieutenant Colonel Judge Advocate May 15, 1919. While in service, he was on active duty at Washington, D.C. from May 15, 1918 until January 1919, and from February through August 1919, served with the American Expeditionary Forces at Chaumont and Paris, France. Strode was discharged on August 12, 1919.","Perhaps best known as the lawyer who wrote the statute known as the Virginia Sterilization Act of 1924, Strode was also a long-time legal advisor to the Board of the State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded. The Colony was located in Madison Heights near Lynchburg, Virginia, and authorized by a bill written in 1906 by Aubrey Strode in collaboration with Dr. Albert Priddy, who served as the first superintendent, and Joseph DeJarnette, superintendent at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia.","He argued the case of Buck v. Bell before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1927. Carrie Buck was a young woman from Charlottesville who Dr. Priddy petitioned to have sterilized. Priddy died during the litigation and his successor as superintendent of the Virginia State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble Minded, Dr. John Bell, took up the cause. The Supreme Court upheld the statute instituting compulsory sterilization of the unfit \"for the protection and health of the state\" on May 2, 1927. The Supreme Court majority opinion was written by Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr.","Strode was also a judge in the Corporation Court of Lynchburg (1933-1944). Strode died May 17, 1946 following his retirement from the bench due to poor health.","Biographical notes on Aubrey E. Strode siblings, wives and offspring is described in this subnote.","Aubrey E. Strode was the eldest child in his family and had seven siblings, six sisters and one brother. These include: Leslie Strode (1875- ?); Grace Strode (1877-1933); Ida Strode Berry (1878-1963) married Taylor Berry in 1898; Lucille Garland Strode (1882-1954) married William Ralph Smith in 1911; Edith Strode (1882-? ) married Dr. Howard Lilienthal; Mildred Strode Vandegrift (1886-1952); and Dr. Basil E. Strode (1888-1952), who served as a 1st Lt. in the Medical Corp in World War I.","Aubrey Ellis Strode married first Rebekah Davies Brown Strode (1874-1922) of Arlington, Virginia, on June 4, 1903, and second, Louisa Hubbard Strode Smith (1896-1989) of Forest, Virginia, in 1923.","Children of Aubrey E. Strode and Rebekah Brown Strode include: William Lewis Strode (1904-1906), Mildred Ellis Strode (1906-?) who married William Tucker Battle, Rebekah Elizabeth Strode (1913-1998) who married St. George Tucker Lee in 1936, Aubrey Ellis Strode, Jr. (1908-1970), and John Thompson Brown Strode (1910-1971). Hildreth Hubbard Strode (1926-2016) was the son of Aubrey E. Strode and Louis Hubbard Strode."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MAA 3014, Aubrey E. Strode papers, Albert and Shirely Small Special Collections, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Aubrey E. Strode (1861-1969,88 cubic feet) was a Virginia lawyer, state senator and eugenics advocate who drafted the Virginia sterilization law and brought Buck vs. Bell to the Supreme Court. This collection consists of his personal and professional papers concerning his family, law practice, army service, political and legislative activities as a member of the Virginia Senate, the Virginia Democratic Party and the Progressive movement, and as a co-owner of the newspaper, The Amherst Progress. The bulk of the papers consists of the files of the law firms of Strode and Tucker and Strode and Edwards, containing correspondence, court records, trial transcripts, exhibits, estate settlements, debt collections, and various legal documents.","It also includes some speeches, bills, and correspondence with Edwin A. Alderman in the political and legislative papers in series four concerning the proposal to establish a coordinate Woman's College at the University of Virginia and the budgetary needs of the University of Virginia in the legislature. There are also letters in the family correspondence from his cousin, Dr. Rosalie Slaughter Morton (1876-1968), an American physician and surgeon, concerning her trips abroad and her autobiographical books.","There are three files in this collection entirely concerned with Strode's role in eugenics and sterilization in Virginia and they are: Carrie Buck v. Dr. J.H. Bell, 1925 June 1 (Box 9); State Colony for Epileptics and the Feeble-Minded, 1908, 1920-1922 (Box 42); and Sterilization and Eugenics, 1924-1947 (Box 159). Much of the other material is scattered among his legal practice alphabetical correspondence files, under the last name of correspondents such as William F. Drewry, superintendent of Central State Hospital; Dr. Albert Priddy, first superintendent of the Virginia Colony for Epileptics and the Feebleminded; his successor, Dr. John H. Bell; and Dr. J.S. DeJarnette, superintendent of Western State Hospital or chronologically in the political and legislative series.","Other topics with significant material in these papers include: the American Legion; The Amherst Progress (for additional information about the newspaper and the partnership with Tucker, see Strode's incoming legal practice correspondence files under \"T\" containing letters from Stickly Tucker and Strode's outgoing legal practice correspondence files under \"S\"); Judge Advocate General material; Kenmore High School, Amherst County, Virginia; the Lynchburg Jail; Marshal Lodge Memorial Hospital, where Strode served on the Board of Directors; and political and legislative material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"famname_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hubbard family","Strode family","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"persname_ssim":["Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Hubbard family","Strode family","Strode, Aubrey Ellis, 1873-1946","Tucker, John William Stickley, 1879-1912","Smith, Louise Dexter Hubbard Strode, 1896-1989"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":889,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:18.571Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_617"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_8_resources_216_c12","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Audiovisual Recordings, 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Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.","The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included.","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001).","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"collection_title_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"collection_ssim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, 1806/1988, bulk 1861/1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource 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Key","/repositories/3/resources/941"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16459","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival 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Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection was acquired and donated by John L. Nau III. It was accessioned by the Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library on September 3, 2019 (2019-0149) and in an additional accession in October 2019 (2019-0231)."],"access_subjects_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"extent_tesim":["133 Cubic Feet 255 boxes; 9 framed items"],"genreform_ssim":["letters (correspondence)","Photograph albums","photographs","newspapers"],"date_range_isim":[1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988; bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) has been arranged into five series, Series 1: Materials Related to the Civil War Experiences of Soldiers, Officers, and Civilians (1806-1988; approx. 83 cubic feet); Series 2: Photographs and Prints (circa 1848-1939; approx. 34 cubic feet); Series 3: Government Military Records (1855-1913; approx. 9 cubic feet); Series 4: Currency (1839-1875; approx. 1.5 cubic feet); and Series 5: Newspapers and Print Materials (1846-1913; approx. 5.25 cubic feet)."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUpon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSuggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAbout External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Content Warning","Alphanumeric Designations","Important Information about External Documents"],"odd_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection contains offensive or harmful language and imagery. This includes—but is not limited to—correspondence and diary entries that express racist views; photographs of enslaved people forced into inhumane conditions by enslavers; descriptions of violence and battle experiences; photographs of deceased soldiers; and correspondence containing explicit descriptions of sex. The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The donor's accession numbering system has been preserved to maintain access to collection metadata or descriptive information. Each file title in this finding aid includes the donor accession number at the end of the title and each corresponding physical folder or item is also labeled with the donor accession number.","Donor accession numbers are comprised of letters denoting document or photograph format followed by a four-digit number that denotes the number of the accession. The following examples can be found in the collection: DA0001 (meaning document - autograph), DC0001.001 (document - currency), DL0001 (document - letter), DN0003 (document - newspaper), DOR0001 (document - order), DOT0001 (document - other), DR0002 (document - requisition), PA0184 (photograph - ambrotype), PC0200 (photograph - carte de visite), PD0007 (photograph - daguerreotype), POT0012 (photograph - other), and PT0003 (photograph - tintype).","These donor accession numbers can be used to search the donation listing spreadsheet for corresponding metadata. This spreadsheet is available to download directly from the finding aid below, under External Documents.","About External Document MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Donation Listing (View and Download Below)","Upon accession of the John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, the donor provided a spreadsheet donation listing containing metadata and sellers' descriptions associated with collection materials. The spreadsheet can be downloaded below, under the External Documents heading.","Please note that many descriptions contained in this spreadsheet are drawn from sellers' language used by dealers and auction houses and contain biased and qualitative descriptions. In addition, many descriptions contain offensive, racist, and archaic language, some quoted directly from collection materials (also see the above Content Warning).","Please also note there may be some materials listed in the donor spreadsheet that are not present in the collection. The Small Library's finding aid is the definitive listing of materials available to researchers.","Suggestions for Using the Donation Listing Spreadsheet","Materials found in the finding aid can be identified in the spreadsheet using the keyboard shortcut Control + F. If searching for materials discovered in the finding aid, it is recommended to search using donor accession numbers. (For more on this, see the above note on Alphanumeric Designations).","Please note that the spreadsheet does not contain additional descriptive information for all materials listed in the finding aid.","Researchers can use the spreadsheet to explore the collection in many ways, including the following:","- To conduct subject-based searches (e.g., regiments, battles, and military functions, and experiences such as sickness).","- To identify photographs of women, Black soldiers, and Native American soldiers.","- To identify correspondence in Series 1 authored by women and contained within personal papers attributed to men. Series 1 contains a significant amount of correspondence written by women to male relatives and friends. An example includes the many letters written by Mary Stanton to her husband Courtland Stanton, which are found with the Courtland Stanton (DL0011) papers. Another example are the letters of Lucy Britton and Martha Britton found with the Britton Family (DL0100) papers.","- To distinguish between duplicate titles and donor accession numbers in Series 1. Secondary collections such as the papers of Amos Garrison (DL0068) and Albert R. Whitney (DL0269) contain duplicate file titles, and descriptions in the spreadsheet may allow researchers to learn more about the exact nature of the materials they contain.","- To distinguish between portraits of unknown subjects in Series 2. Searching for a particular portrait of an unknown subject using the donor accession number may provide researchers with a description of the portrait, including details such as uniform and rank of the subject.","About External Documents MSS 16459 John L. Nau II Civil War History Collection - Transcripts (View and Download Below)","Transcript files are titled by donor accession number. (See above note titled Alphanumeric Designations).","Please be aware that these transcripts may contain mistakes. They are not intended to be a replacement for the original materials or their digital surrogates."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection, MSS 16459, box number, [if applicable] folder number, donor accession number, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War Soldiers and Sailors Database\u003c/emph\u003e (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eConfederate and Southern State Currency\u003c/emph\u003e, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War High Commands\u003c/emph\u003e (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEfforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The Nau Collection was processed from October 2021 to March 2023. Because it is an artificial collection with no original order, it was arranged into series to emphasize the provenance of collection materials and to restore materials attributed to or associated with the same individual. Provenance was determined by the archival materials themselves as well as by donor metadata. Additional resources consulted during processing included The National Park Service's online Civil War Soldiers and Sailors Database (https://www.nps.gov/civilwar/soldiers-and-sailors-database.htm); Grover C. Criswell and Clarence L. Criswell's Confederate and Southern State Currency, vol. 1, (Pass-A-Grille, Florida: Criswell's Publications, 1957); John H. Eicher and David J. Eicher's Civil War High Commands (Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2001); and the Library of Congress's online newspapers database (https://www.loc.gov/newspapers/).","Efforts were made to restore materials to record creators and keep these materials together. However, there are some exceptions, particularly in relation to high-profile historical figures. For example, materials relating to Robert E. Lee and William Tecumseh Sherman can be found in Series 1, 2, and 3.","File titles have been devised by the archivist and each contains a donor accession number (see note titled Alphanumeric Designations). Wherever possible or applicable, titles attributed to materials by record creators are included."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001). \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection (1806-1988, bulk 1861-1865; 133 cubic feet) contains Civil War-era correspondence, service records, pension records, artifacts, photographs, military records (including orders, requisitions, and correspondence), currency, newspapers, and other print materials.","The collection primarily contains the correspondence, records, and photographs of white soldiers and officers who fought in the Civil War, including white officers serving in the United States Colored Troops (USCT). Additionally, the collection includes some correspondence and portraits of white women as well as a small number of portraits of Black soldiers (including PT0322, a family portrait, and a young Ben Brown, PC0836.0001) and Native American soldiers (including Frederick L. Rainbow, PT0424.0001)."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["The John L. Nau III Civil War History Collection is predominantly in English. A small number of materials are in Spanish, French, Swedish, and German, and this is indicated at the file level."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":10302,"online_item_count_is":5,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.735Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_941_c01_c01_c159"}},{"id":"viu_viu00730_c04_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Bank Books and a Plantation\n Book, 1849/1890","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00730_c04_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00730_c04_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00730_c04_c06"],"id":"viu_viu00730_c04_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00730","_root_":"viu_viu00730","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00730_c04","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00730_c04","parent_ssim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921","Series IV: Legal, Business \u0026\n Miscellaneous Papers of the White Family"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00730","viu_viu00730_c04"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bank Books and a Plantation\n                  Book","title_ssm":["Bank Books and a Plantation\n Book"],"title_tesim":["Bank Books and a Plantation\n Book"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bank Books and a Plantation\n Book, 1849/1890"],"text":["Bank Books and a Plantation\n Book, 1849/1890","White Family Papers \n 1794-1921","Series IV: Legal, Business \u0026\n Miscellaneous Papers of the White Family","Box Box 3"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921","Series IV: Legal, Business \u0026\n Miscellaneous Papers of the White Family"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921","Series IV: Legal, Business \u0026\n Miscellaneous Papers of the White Family"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1890"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1849-1890"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":19,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"containers_ssim":["Box Box 3"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:21.688Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu00730","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00730","_root_":"viu_viu00730","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00730","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu00730.xml","title_ssm":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"title_tesim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"normalized_title_ssm":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"text":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921","9372, -b, -c","ca. 1190 items","The White family papers are arranged in seven series: 1)\n         business papers of Colonel James White; 2) papers regarding\n         the settlement of the James White estate; 3) correspondence of\n         the White family; 4) legal, business \u0026 miscellaneous\n         papers of the White \u0026 related families; 5) papers of the\n         Campbell family; 6) papers of the Robertson family; 7)\n         oversize items.","This arrangement has retained as much of the organization\n         imposed by a former departmental field archivist as\n         possible.","Colonel \n         James White(1770-1838) married \n         Eliza Wilsonin 1798 and they had the\n         following known children: 1) \n         Jane C. (White) Humes; 2) \n         James Lowry White(d. ca. 1838); 3) \n         Eleanor White(d. 1852); 4) \n         Ann Eliza (White) Hannum; 5) \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882); 6) \n         Thomas W. White(1817-?); 7) \n         Newton K. White; 8) \n         Addison White; 9) \n         Milton White.","William King(1769-1808), owner of the\n         saltworks at \n         Saltville, Virginia, married \n         Mary Triggin 1799. After his death in\n         1808, \n         Mary Trigg Kingmarried \n         Francis Smithand they produced at least\n         one daughter, \n         Mary Trigg Smith. \n         Wyndham Robertson(1803-1888) married \n         Mary Trigg Smithand had the following\n         known children: 1) \n         William Robertson(d. post 1859); 2) \n         Mary Robertson(1831-1867) m. 1856 \n         William Willis Blackford(1831-1905); 3) \n         Frank Smith Robertson(1841?-1926) m. [ca.\n         1868] \n         Stella Wheeler; 4) \n         Catherine Robertsonm. 1867 \n         James L. White(1842-1914); 5) \n         Pocahontas Robertsonm. \n         Connally F. Trigg(1847-?); 6) \n         Wyndham Robertson, Jr.m. \n         Flora Henderson.","The \n         White familypapers contain 1,190 items (4\n         Hollinger boxes, ca. 1.5 linear feet), 1794-1921, chiefly the\n         correspondence, business and legal papers of the \n         Whiteand \n         Robertsonfamilies of \n         Abingdon, Virginia. These closely related\n         families were two of the leading participants in the business\n         and political life of Southwest \n         Virginiaduring the nineteenth century.\n         The business papers of Col. \n         James White(1770-1838), other papers\n         concerning the settlement of his estate, and the business and\n         correspondence of the \n         White family, chiefly of \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882), all\n         contain material relating to the development of business and\n         industry in Southwest \n         Virginiaand its economic ties to \n         Tennesseeand \n         Alabamabefore and after the Civil\n         War.","The first two series of the \n         White familypapers contain Col. \n         James White's own business papers,\n         1807-1838, and papers relating to the settlement of his vast\n         estate, 1838-1878. Col. White was involved in a number of\n         mercantile interests (up to some forty-five at one time) in\n         addition to the saltworks at \n         Saltville, Washington County. This\n         included business interests in the states of \n         Virginia, \n         Tennessee, \n         Alabama, and \n         Georgia, and investments in lead mines in\n         Wythe County, iron furnaces, cotton\n         plantations, and slaves. His property was worth at least\n         $750,000 at the time of his death. Unfortunately, Col. White's\n         business papers do not furnish a complete picture of any of\n         these interests.","Col. White moved to \n         Abingdon, Virginiaabout 1795. Prior to\n         his arrival there, White had worked for \n         Talbot, Jones \u0026 Company, a \n         Baltimoremerchandising house, who\n         supplied him with enough goods to set up his own business. He\n         married Miss \n         Eliza Wilsonin 1798 and began expanding\n         his business by becoming a partner of such men as Mr.\n         Henderson in \n         Abingdonand \n         William Lynnin \n         Alabama.","One of his most important business enterprises was the\n         leasing of the saltworks at \n         Saltville, Virginia, from the executors\n         of the \n         William Kingestate. Because the chain of\n         ownership and control of the saltworks is somewhat confusing,\n         the following short history of ownership will clarify White's\n         own involvement in the property.","General \n         Francis Prestonand his family had owned\n         the salt lick when \n         William King(1769-1808) purchased the\n         land west of their claim in 1795. By 1799, King had erected\n         furnaces and began the manufacture of salt. He also rented the\n         Preston Salinesuntil his death in 1808.\n         According to his will, the salt works were carried on by his\n         brother, \n         James King, \n         William Trigg, and \n         William King's wife, \n         Mary Trigg King, and their executors\n         until 1819, when it was leased to \n         John Sanders. Sanders sold his lease\n         rights to \n         James Whitewho leased the operations\n         until 1833. Other individuals leased this property until the\n         formation of the \n         Holston Salt \u0026 Plaster Companyin\n         1864. The \n         King Saltworksproduced from 90,000 to\n         100,000 bushels of salt per year. During the Civil War, it was\n         the largest supplier of salt to the Confederacy.","The business papers of Col. White contain several items\n         related to his salt interests including: papers concerning the\n         estate of \n         William Kingand the saltworks (October\n         27, 1820; May 14, 1821; April 3, June 7, \u0026 October 4,\n         1823; and September 1834); extracts from \n         John Hardies' disposition concerning salt\n         prices, 1824-1829 (April 7, 1829); and other legal papers\n         regarding the saltworks (May 26, 1830; September 8, 1831;\n         April 1833; November 7, 1834; March 12 \u0026 September 27,\n         1836; May 26, 1837; and August 15, 1838); a valuation of\n         buildings at \n         Saltville(undated) and a memorandum\n         regarding the account books at \n         Saltville(undated).","His business papers also include the balances on the \n         Saltvillebooks (1820-1835). Papers\n         concerning cotton shipments (1837-1838) and his other\n         mercantile interests (August 25, 1821 and April 16, 1835) are\n         present but do not adequately represent the extent of his\n         involvement.","The settlement of the estate of Col. \n         James Whitewas not completed until 1878\n         and the records in the second series show the extent of\n         White's assets at his death, especially the slave and land\n         inventories (ca. 1838), a notebook regarding the estate of \n         James White, 1843-1863, and a commonplace\n         book record of the division of his property (ca. 1851).","An inventory entitled \"Inventory and appraisement of the\n         personal property belonging to the estate of Col. James White\n         deceased\" is an especially useful summation of Col. White's\n         economic status at the time of his death. It contains entries\n         for: merchandise (pp. 1-18); small notes (pp. 19-37); salt due\n         bills (p. 38); appraisements of property in \n         Clay County, Kentucky, and the \n         Limestoneand \n         BellefontePlantations in \n         Alabama(pp. 39-44); sales of personal\n         property (pp. 45-46); dividends, cash received and notes (p.\n         47); various agreements (pp. 60-121); and settlement of the\n         estate (pp. 126-129). The volume also has notes regarding the\n         periodic examination of the accounts by the commissioner which\n         were recorded by the court, 1839-1871.","The correspondence of the \n         White familyincludes many letters\n         concerning business matters; of special note are the letters\n         of \n         Thomas Wilson White(1817-? ) to his\n         brother \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882), both\n         sons of Col. \n         James White. \n         Thomas Whitewas the manager of the\n         family's plantation \" \n         Bellefonte, \" near \n         Huntsville, Alabama, and his letters give\n         a detailed account of its affairs (Feb., Nov., and Dec. 1843;\n         Jan. 1844; Sep., Nov., and Dec. 1845; Feb., Apr., and Dec.\n         1846; Jun. 1847; Jul. 1848; Mar. and May 1849; Mar. and Jul.\n         1851; Feb.-Apr. 1852; Apr. 1854; Oct. 1857; Jan., Apr., \u0026\n         Jun. 1858; Jul., \u0026 Sep.-Oct. 1859; Nov. 1862; Jul. 1874;\n         Mar., Apr., and Dec. 1876; Feb. and Jun. 1877; and Mar.\n         1878).","Other topics of interest in the \n         White familycorrespondence include: slavery\n         (January 1, 1840; August 26, 1841; April 25 \u0026 November 29,\n         1846; January 23, 1858 and July 16, 1859); the salt\n         merchandising business (November 28, 1842), banking and\n         financial difficulties (February 9, 1843; June 1, 1847; and\n         October 13, \u0026 16, 1857); and cotton prices (January 21,\n         1844; November 23, 1845; February 28, 1846; and April 29,\n         1854).","The fourth group of papers include the legal,\n         miscellaneous, and business papers of the \n         White family. Of note in the legal papers\n         are the following: an inventory and appraisement of the\n         estates of \n         Eliza Whiteand \n         Eleanor W. White(1851-1880); an indenture\n         regarding the saltworks between \n         James Whiteand \n         William King(August 4, 1823); and land\n         grants signed by various governors of \n         Virginia, including \n         James Pleasants, \n         James Wood, and \n         John Tyler, Sr.","Miscellaneous papers include a copy of a talk concerning\n         Judge \n         Peter Johnson(1763-1831) who grew up at \"\n         Longwood\" near \n         Farmville, Virginia(undated) and a copy\n         of The Daily Express of \n         Petersburg, Virginia(April 18, 1864).","The business papers of the \n         White familyshow their widespread business\n         interests, especially those of the \n         Saltvillesaltworks and their lead mines\n         in \n         Wythe County, Virginia. The account of\n         Dr. \n         Alexander Prestonwith \n         Eliza White(December 1839), containing\n         fees for medicines and doctor visits, sheds light on the types\n         of treatment occurring on a large plantation with many slaves.\n         A list of articles bought at a sale (August 22- 26, 1842)\n         includes livestock and slave prices.","Several of these papers deal with the \n         White family's continued interest in the \n         King Saltworks, which later became the \n         Holston Salt and Plaster Company(Dec.,\n         1855; Sep., 1862; Jan., 1866; Apr., 1872; Sep., 1874; Jun.,\n         and Oct., 1875; Feb., and May 1876; and Apr., 1877). There is\n         also other material concerning the \n         Holston Salt and Plaster Companyin the\n         years, 1872-1881.","A large amount of material in the business papers concerns\n         the lead mines in \n         Wythe Countyunder the company names of \n         Austinville Lead Mining Company, \n         Union Lead Mines Company, and \n         Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company(Feb. and\n         May 1856; Nov. 1857; Nov. 1864; Nov. 1865; Jul. and Dec. 1866;\n         Mar., May, Jul.-Dec. 1874; Jan. 1875; Dec. 1876; and Jan.-Apr.\n         1877). The bulk of the material on the lead mines is located\n         within the years 1874-1880.","The collection also contains a small group of papers\n         concerning the \n         Campell family, 1853-1882. One letter,\n         August 23, 1862, describes some of the economic difficulties\n         resulting from the Civil War.","The next series consists of the \n         Robertson familypapers. \n         James Lowry White(1842-1914), son of \n         William Young Conn White, married \n         Catherine Markham Robertson, daughter of\n         Governor \n         Wyndham Robertson(1803-1883), who resided\n         at the \" \n         Meadows, \" near \n         Abingdon, Virginia.","The papers of \n         Powhatan Robertson, a brother of \n         Wyndham Robertson, include: reports on\n         his college work (1815-1816) and essays written by him at \n         William and Mary(undated); three small\n         travel diaries describing his European Tour through \n         France, \n         Italy, and \n         Switzerland(October 12-November 25, 1818,\n         November 26-December 22, 1818, and January 3-May 2, 1819); and\n         letters describing the government and people of \n         Switzerlandand predicting that the growth\n         of Russian power and influence would continue into the next\n         century (June 9, 1819), and a speech by \n         John Randolphduring the Missouri\n         Compromise debate (February 22, 1820).","The correspondence of the \n         Robertson familycontains several Civil War\n         letters of interest: \n         Frank Robertson's description of Major \n         John Pelham(1838-1863) who fell at \n         Kelly's Ford(March 19, 1863); bands of\n         men pillaging the country (April 1865); and reconstruction\n         politics and settlement (June 6, 1865).","The letters to \n         Kate (Robertson) Whitecontain several\n         Civil War letters from her brother Frank, who served as a\n         captain under \n         J. E. B. Stuart, about his life as an\n         officer and skirmishes ( [ca. 1860 ?]; August 25, 1861; May 7,\n         July 26, and August 3, 1862; April 5 \u0026 18, 1863; and an\n         attempt by Federal forces to capture the saltworks at \n         Abingdon(October 17, [1864]). There are\n         also many letters from \n         Wyndham Robertsonand \n         Mary Frances Trigg Robertsonto their\n         children, especially Kate.","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Talbot, Jones \u0026 Company","Preston Salines","Holston Salt \u0026 Plaster Company","King Saltworks","Limestone","Bellefonte","Longwood","Holston Salt and Plaster Company","Austinville Lead Mining Company","Union Lead Mines Company","Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company","Meadows","William and Mary","White and Buchanan","Southwest Virginia, Norfolk \u0026 Western\n                  Railroad Company","Abingdon Development\n                  Company","O.W. Gray \u0026 Son","White family","White","Robertson","Campell family","Robertson family","Campbell Family","Robertson Family","James White","Eliza Wilson","Jane C. (White) Humes","James Lowry White","Eleanor White","Ann Eliza (White) Hannum","William Young Conn White","Thomas W. White","Newton K. White","Addison White","Milton White","William King","Mary Trigg","Mary Trigg King","Francis Smith","Mary Trigg Smith","Wyndham Robertson","William Robertson","Mary Robertson","William Willis Blackford","Frank Smith Robertson","Stella Wheeler","Catherine Robertson","James L. White","Pocahontas Robertson","Connally F. Trigg","Wyndham Robertson, Jr.","Flora Henderson","William Lynn","Francis Preston","James King","William Trigg","John Sanders","John Hardies","Thomas Wilson White","Thomas White","Eliza White","Eleanor W. White","James Pleasants","James Wood","John Tyler, Sr.","Peter Johnson","Alexander Preston","Catherine Markham Robertson","Powhatan Robertson","John Randolph","Frank Robertson","John Pelham","Kate (Robertson) White","J. E. B. Stuart","Mary Frances Trigg Robertson","John R. Humes","William Young Conn\n                  White","Wyndham R. White","White Family","Catherine (Robertson)\n                  White","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"collection_ssim":["White Family Papers \n 1794-1921"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9372, -b, -c"],"unitid_tesim":["9372, -b, -c"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["William Young Conn\n         White"],"creator_ssim":["William Young Conn\n         White"],"creator_persname_ssim":["James White","Eliza Wilson","Jane C. (White) Humes","James Lowry White","Eleanor White","Ann Eliza (White) Hannum","William Young Conn White","Thomas W. White","Newton K. White","Addison White","Milton White","William King","Mary Trigg","Mary Trigg King","Francis Smith","Mary Trigg Smith","Wyndham Robertson","William Robertson","Mary Robertson","William Willis Blackford","Frank Smith Robertson","Stella Wheeler","Catherine Robertson","James L. White","Pocahontas Robertson","Connally F. Trigg","Wyndham Robertson, Jr.","Flora Henderson","William Lynn","Francis Preston","James King","William Trigg","John Sanders","John Hardies","Thomas Wilson White","Thomas White","Eliza White","Eleanor W. White","James Pleasants","James Wood","John Tyler, Sr.","Peter Johnson","Alexander Preston","Catherine Markham Robertson","Powhatan Robertson","John Randolph","Frank Robertson","John Pelham","Kate (Robertson) White","J. E. B. Stuart","Mary Frances Trigg Robertson","John R. Humes","William Young Conn\n                  White","Wyndham R. White","White Family","Catherine (Robertson)\n                  White"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Talbot, Jones \u0026 Company","Preston Salines","Holston Salt \u0026 Plaster Company","King Saltworks","Limestone","Bellefonte","Longwood","Holston Salt and Plaster Company","Austinville Lead Mining Company","Union Lead Mines Company","Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company","Meadows","William and Mary","White and Buchanan","Southwest Virginia, Norfolk \u0026 Western\n                  Railroad Company","Abingdon Development\n                  Company","O.W. Gray \u0026 Son"],"creator_famname_ssim":["White family","White","Robertson","Campell family","Robertson family","Campbell Family","Robertson Family"],"creators_ssim":["James White","Eliza Wilson","Jane C. (White) Humes","James Lowry White","Eleanor White","Ann Eliza (White) Hannum","William Young Conn White","Thomas W. White","Newton K. White","Addison White","Milton White","William King","Mary Trigg","Mary Trigg King","Francis Smith","Mary Trigg Smith","Wyndham Robertson","William Robertson","Mary Robertson","William Willis Blackford","Frank Smith Robertson","Stella Wheeler","Catherine Robertson","James L. White","Pocahontas Robertson","Connally F. Trigg","Wyndham Robertson, Jr.","Flora Henderson","William Lynn","Francis Preston","James King","William Trigg","John Sanders","John Hardies","Thomas Wilson White","Thomas White","Eliza White","Eleanor W. White","James Pleasants","James Wood","John Tyler, Sr.","Peter Johnson","Alexander Preston","Catherine Markham Robertson","Powhatan Robertson","John Randolph","Frank Robertson","John Pelham","Kate (Robertson) White","J. E. B. Stuart","Mary Frances Trigg Robertson","John R. Humes","William Young Conn\n                  White","Wyndham R. White","White Family","Catherine (Robertson)\n                  White","University of Virginia. Library. Special\n            Collections Dept.","Talbot, Jones \u0026 Company","Preston Salines","Holston Salt \u0026 Plaster Company","King Saltworks","Limestone","Bellefonte","Longwood","Holston Salt and Plaster Company","Austinville Lead Mining Company","Union Lead Mines Company","Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company","Meadows","William and Mary","White and Buchanan","Southwest Virginia, Norfolk \u0026 Western\n                  Railroad Company","Abingdon Development\n                  Company","O.W. Gray \u0026 Son","White family","White","Robertson","Campell family","Robertson family","Campbell Family","Robertson Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the Library by Mr. William\n            Young Conn White of Abingdon, Virginia, on July 10,\n            1985."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["ca. 1190 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe White family papers are arranged in seven series: 1)\n         business papers of Colonel James White; 2) papers regarding\n         the settlement of the James White estate; 3) correspondence of\n         the White family; 4) legal, business \u0026amp; miscellaneous\n         papers of the White \u0026amp; related families; 5) papers of the\n         Campbell family; 6) papers of the Robertson family; 7)\n         oversize items.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThis arrangement has retained as much of the organization\n         imposed by a former departmental field archivist as\n         possible.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The White family papers are arranged in seven series: 1)\n         business papers of Colonel James White; 2) papers regarding\n         the settlement of the James White estate; 3) correspondence of\n         the White family; 4) legal, business \u0026 miscellaneous\n         papers of the White \u0026 related families; 5) papers of the\n         Campbell family; 6) papers of the Robertson family; 7)\n         oversize items.","This arrangement has retained as much of the organization\n         imposed by a former departmental field archivist as\n         possible."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eColonel \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003e(1770-1838) married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEliza Wilson\u003c/persname\u003ein 1798 and they had the\n         following known children: 1) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJane C. (White) Humes\u003c/persname\u003e; 2) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Lowry White\u003c/persname\u003e(d. ca. 1838); 3) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEleanor White\u003c/persname\u003e(d. 1852); 4) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAnn Eliza (White) Hannum\u003c/persname\u003e; 5) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Young Conn White\u003c/persname\u003e(1812-1882); 6) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas W. White\u003c/persname\u003e(1817-?); 7) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eNewton K. White\u003c/persname\u003e; 8) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAddison White\u003c/persname\u003e; 9) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMilton White\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003e(1769-1808), owner of the\n         saltworks at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Trigg\u003c/persname\u003ein 1799. After his death in\n         1808, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Trigg King\u003c/persname\u003emarried \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrancis Smith\u003c/persname\u003eand they produced at least\n         one daughter, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Trigg Smith\u003c/persname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWyndham Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e(1803-1888) married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Trigg Smith\u003c/persname\u003eand had the following\n         known children: 1) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e(d. post 1859); 2) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e(1831-1867) m. 1856 \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Willis Blackford\u003c/persname\u003e(1831-1905); 3) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrank Smith Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e(1841?-1926) m. [ca.\n         1868] \n         \u003cpersname\u003eStella Wheeler\u003c/persname\u003e; 4) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCatherine Robertson\u003c/persname\u003em. 1867 \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames L. White\u003c/persname\u003e(1842-1914); 5) \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePocahontas Robertson\u003c/persname\u003em. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eConnally F. Trigg\u003c/persname\u003e(1847-?); 6) \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWyndham Robertson, Jr.\u003c/persname\u003em. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFlora Henderson\u003c/persname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Genealogical Information re the White \u0026 Robertson\n         families"],"bioghist_tesim":["Colonel \n         James White(1770-1838) married \n         Eliza Wilsonin 1798 and they had the\n         following known children: 1) \n         Jane C. (White) Humes; 2) \n         James Lowry White(d. ca. 1838); 3) \n         Eleanor White(d. 1852); 4) \n         Ann Eliza (White) Hannum; 5) \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882); 6) \n         Thomas W. White(1817-?); 7) \n         Newton K. White; 8) \n         Addison White; 9) \n         Milton White.","William King(1769-1808), owner of the\n         saltworks at \n         Saltville, Virginia, married \n         Mary Triggin 1799. After his death in\n         1808, \n         Mary Trigg Kingmarried \n         Francis Smithand they produced at least\n         one daughter, \n         Mary Trigg Smith. \n         Wyndham Robertson(1803-1888) married \n         Mary Trigg Smithand had the following\n         known children: 1) \n         William Robertson(d. post 1859); 2) \n         Mary Robertson(1831-1867) m. 1856 \n         William Willis Blackford(1831-1905); 3) \n         Frank Smith Robertson(1841?-1926) m. [ca.\n         1868] \n         Stella Wheeler; 4) \n         Catherine Robertsonm. 1867 \n         James L. White(1842-1914); 5) \n         Pocahontas Robertsonm. \n         Connally F. Trigg(1847-?); 6) \n         Wyndham Robertson, Jr.m. \n         Flora Henderson."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003epapers contain 1,190 items (4\n         Hollinger boxes, ca. 1.5 linear feet), 1794-1921, chiefly the\n         correspondence, business and legal papers of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite\u003c/famname\u003eand \n         \u003cfamname\u003eRobertson\u003c/famname\u003efamilies of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAbingdon, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. These closely related\n         families were two of the leading participants in the business\n         and political life of Southwest \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003eduring the nineteenth century.\n         The business papers of Col. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003e(1770-1838), other papers\n         concerning the settlement of his estate, and the business and\n         correspondence of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003e, chiefly of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Young Conn White\u003c/persname\u003e(1812-1882), all\n         contain material relating to the development of business and\n         industry in Southwest \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003eand its economic ties to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eTennessee\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAlabama\u003c/geogname\u003ebefore and after the Civil\n         War.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first two series of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003epapers contain Col. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003e's own business papers,\n         1807-1838, and papers relating to the settlement of his vast\n         estate, 1838-1878. Col. White was involved in a number of\n         mercantile interests (up to some forty-five at one time) in\n         addition to the saltworks at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville, Washington County\u003c/geogname\u003e. This\n         included business interests in the states of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eTennessee\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAlabama\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eGeorgia\u003c/geogname\u003e, and investments in lead mines in\n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWythe County\u003c/geogname\u003e, iron furnaces, cotton\n         plantations, and slaves. His property was worth at least\n         $750,000 at the time of his death. Unfortunately, Col. White's\n         business papers do not furnish a complete picture of any of\n         these interests.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCol. White moved to \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAbingdon, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003eabout 1795. Prior to\n         his arrival there, White had worked for \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eTalbot, Jones \u0026amp; Company\u003c/corpname\u003e, a \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eBaltimore\u003c/geogname\u003emerchandising house, who\n         supplied him with enough goods to set up his own business. He\n         married Miss \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEliza Wilson\u003c/persname\u003ein 1798 and began expanding\n         his business by becoming a partner of such men as Mr.\n         Henderson in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAbingdon\u003c/geogname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Lynn\u003c/persname\u003ein \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAlabama\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOne of his most important business enterprises was the\n         leasing of the saltworks at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, from the executors\n         of the \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003eestate. Because the chain of\n         ownership and control of the saltworks is somewhat confusing,\n         the following short history of ownership will clarify White's\n         own involvement in the property.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eGeneral \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrancis Preston\u003c/persname\u003eand his family had owned\n         the salt lick when \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003e(1769-1808) purchased the\n         land west of their claim in 1795. By 1799, King had erected\n         furnaces and began the manufacture of salt. He also rented the\n         \u003ccorpname\u003ePreston Salines\u003c/corpname\u003euntil his death in 1808.\n         According to his will, the salt works were carried on by his\n         brother, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames King\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Trigg\u003c/persname\u003e, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003e's wife, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Trigg King\u003c/persname\u003e, and their executors\n         until 1819, when it was leased to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Sanders\u003c/persname\u003e. Sanders sold his lease\n         rights to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003ewho leased the operations\n         until 1833. Other individuals leased this property until the\n         formation of the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHolston Salt \u0026amp; Plaster Company\u003c/corpname\u003ein\n         1864. The \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eKing Saltworks\u003c/corpname\u003eproduced from 90,000 to\n         100,000 bushels of salt per year. During the Civil War, it was\n         the largest supplier of salt to the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe business papers of Col. White contain several items\n         related to his salt interests including: papers concerning the\n         estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003eand the saltworks (October\n         27, 1820; May 14, 1821; April 3, June 7, \u0026amp; October 4,\n         1823; and September 1834); extracts from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Hardies\u003c/persname\u003e' disposition concerning salt\n         prices, 1824-1829 (April 7, 1829); and other legal papers\n         regarding the saltworks (May 26, 1830; September 8, 1831;\n         April 1833; November 7, 1834; March 12 \u0026amp; September 27,\n         1836; May 26, 1837; and August 15, 1838); a valuation of\n         buildings at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville\u003c/geogname\u003e(undated) and a memorandum\n         regarding the account books at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville\u003c/geogname\u003e(undated).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHis business papers also include the balances on the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville\u003c/geogname\u003ebooks (1820-1835). Papers\n         concerning cotton shipments (1837-1838) and his other\n         mercantile interests (August 25, 1821 and April 16, 1835) are\n         present but do not adequately represent the extent of his\n         involvement.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe settlement of the estate of Col. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003ewas not completed until 1878\n         and the records in the second series show the extent of\n         White's assets at his death, especially the slave and land\n         inventories (ca. 1838), a notebook regarding the estate of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003e, 1843-1863, and a commonplace\n         book record of the division of his property (ca. 1851).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAn inventory entitled \"Inventory and appraisement of the\n         personal property belonging to the estate of Col. James White\n         deceased\" is an especially useful summation of Col. White's\n         economic status at the time of his death. It contains entries\n         for: merchandise (pp. 1-18); small notes (pp. 19-37); salt due\n         bills (p. 38); appraisements of property in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eClay County, Kentucky\u003c/geogname\u003e, and the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eLimestone\u003c/corpname\u003eand \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBellefonte\u003c/corpname\u003ePlantations in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAlabama\u003c/geogname\u003e(pp. 39-44); sales of personal\n         property (pp. 45-46); dividends, cash received and notes (p.\n         47); various agreements (pp. 60-121); and settlement of the\n         estate (pp. 126-129). The volume also has notes regarding the\n         periodic examination of the accounts by the commissioner which\n         were recorded by the court, 1839-1871.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003eincludes many letters\n         concerning business matters; of special note are the letters\n         of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas Wilson White\u003c/persname\u003e(1817-? ) to his\n         brother \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Young Conn White\u003c/persname\u003e(1812-1882), both\n         sons of Col. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003e. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eThomas White\u003c/persname\u003ewas the manager of the\n         family's plantation \" \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eBellefonte\u003c/corpname\u003e, \" near \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eHuntsville, Alabama\u003c/geogname\u003e, and his letters give\n         a detailed account of its affairs (Feb., Nov., and Dec. 1843;\n         Jan. 1844; Sep., Nov., and Dec. 1845; Feb., Apr., and Dec.\n         1846; Jun. 1847; Jul. 1848; Mar. and May 1849; Mar. and Jul.\n         1851; Feb.-Apr. 1852; Apr. 1854; Oct. 1857; Jan., Apr., \u0026amp;\n         Jun. 1858; Jul., \u0026amp; Sep.-Oct. 1859; Nov. 1862; Jul. 1874;\n         Mar., Apr., and Dec. 1876; Feb. and Jun. 1877; and Mar.\n         1878).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOther topics of interest in the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003ecorrespondence include: slavery\n         (January 1, 1840; August 26, 1841; April 25 \u0026amp; November 29,\n         1846; January 23, 1858 and July 16, 1859); the salt\n         merchandising business (November 28, 1842), banking and\n         financial difficulties (February 9, 1843; June 1, 1847; and\n         October 13, \u0026amp; 16, 1857); and cotton prices (January 21,\n         1844; November 23, 1845; February 28, 1846; and April 29,\n         1854).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth group of papers include the legal,\n         miscellaneous, and business papers of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003e. Of note in the legal papers\n         are the following: an inventory and appraisement of the\n         estates of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEliza White\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEleanor W. White\u003c/persname\u003e(1851-1880); an indenture\n         regarding the saltworks between \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames White\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam King\u003c/persname\u003e(August 4, 1823); and land\n         grants signed by various governors of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eVirginia\u003c/geogname\u003e, including \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Pleasants\u003c/persname\u003e, \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Wood\u003c/persname\u003e, and \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Tyler, Sr.\u003c/persname\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous papers include a copy of a talk concerning\n         Judge \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePeter Johnson\u003c/persname\u003e(1763-1831) who grew up at \"\n         \u003ccorpname\u003eLongwood\u003c/corpname\u003e\" near \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFarmville, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e(undated) and a copy\n         of The Daily Express of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003ePetersburg, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e(April 18, 1864).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe business papers of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003eshow their widespread business\n         interests, especially those of the \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSaltville\u003c/geogname\u003esaltworks and their lead mines\n         in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWythe County, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e. The account of\n         Dr. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eAlexander Preston\u003c/persname\u003ewith \n         \u003cpersname\u003eEliza White\u003c/persname\u003e(December 1839), containing\n         fees for medicines and doctor visits, sheds light on the types\n         of treatment occurring on a large plantation with many slaves.\n         A list of articles bought at a sale (August 22- 26, 1842)\n         includes livestock and slave prices.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of these papers deal with the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eWhite family\u003c/famname\u003e's continued interest in the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eKing Saltworks\u003c/corpname\u003e, which later became the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHolston Salt and Plaster Company\u003c/corpname\u003e(Dec.,\n         1855; Sep., 1862; Jan., 1866; Apr., 1872; Sep., 1874; Jun.,\n         and Oct., 1875; Feb., and May 1876; and Apr., 1877). There is\n         also other material concerning the \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eHolston Salt and Plaster Company\u003c/corpname\u003ein the\n         years, 1872-1881.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA large amount of material in the business papers concerns\n         the lead mines in \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eWythe County\u003c/geogname\u003eunder the company names of \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eAustinville Lead Mining Company\u003c/corpname\u003e, \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eUnion Lead Mines Company\u003c/corpname\u003e, and \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eWythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company\u003c/corpname\u003e(Feb. and\n         May 1856; Nov. 1857; Nov. 1864; Nov. 1865; Jul. and Dec. 1866;\n         Mar., May, Jul.-Dec. 1874; Jan. 1875; Dec. 1876; and Jan.-Apr.\n         1877). The bulk of the material on the lead mines is located\n         within the years 1874-1880.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a small group of papers\n         concerning the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eCampell family\u003c/famname\u003e, 1853-1882. One letter,\n         August 23, 1862, describes some of the economic difficulties\n         resulting from the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe next series consists of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eRobertson family\u003c/famname\u003epapers. \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJames Lowry White\u003c/persname\u003e(1842-1914), son of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWilliam Young Conn White\u003c/persname\u003e, married \n         \u003cpersname\u003eCatherine Markham Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e, daughter of\n         Governor \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWyndham Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e(1803-1883), who resided\n         at the \" \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eMeadows\u003c/corpname\u003e, \" near \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAbingdon, Virginia\u003c/geogname\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe papers of \n         \u003cpersname\u003ePowhatan Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e, a brother of \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWyndham Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e, include: reports on\n         his college work (1815-1816) and essays written by him at \n         \u003ccorpname\u003eWilliam and Mary\u003c/corpname\u003e(undated); three small\n         travel diaries describing his European Tour through \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eFrance\u003c/geogname\u003e, \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eItaly\u003c/geogname\u003e, and \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/geogname\u003e(October 12-November 25, 1818,\n         November 26-December 22, 1818, and January 3-May 2, 1819); and\n         letters describing the government and people of \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eSwitzerland\u003c/geogname\u003eand predicting that the growth\n         of Russian power and influence would continue into the next\n         century (June 9, 1819), and a speech by \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Randolph\u003c/persname\u003eduring the Missouri\n         Compromise debate (February 22, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of the \n         \u003cfamname\u003eRobertson family\u003c/famname\u003econtains several Civil War\n         letters of interest: \n         \u003cpersname\u003eFrank Robertson\u003c/persname\u003e's description of Major \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJohn Pelham\u003c/persname\u003e(1838-1863) who fell at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eKelly's Ford\u003c/geogname\u003e(March 19, 1863); bands of\n         men pillaging the country (April 1865); and reconstruction\n         politics and settlement (June 6, 1865).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe letters to \n         \u003cpersname\u003eKate (Robertson) White\u003c/persname\u003econtain several\n         Civil War letters from her brother Frank, who served as a\n         captain under \n         \u003cpersname\u003eJ. E. B. Stuart\u003c/persname\u003e, about his life as an\n         officer and skirmishes ( [ca. 1860 ?]; August 25, 1861; May 7,\n         July 26, and August 3, 1862; April 5 \u0026amp; 18, 1863; and an\n         attempt by Federal forces to capture the saltworks at \n         \u003cgeogname\u003eAbingdon\u003c/geogname\u003e(October 17, [1864]). There are\n         also many letters from \n         \u003cpersname\u003eWyndham Robertson\u003c/persname\u003eand \n         \u003cpersname\u003eMary Frances Trigg Robertson\u003c/persname\u003eto their\n         children, especially Kate.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The \n         White familypapers contain 1,190 items (4\n         Hollinger boxes, ca. 1.5 linear feet), 1794-1921, chiefly the\n         correspondence, business and legal papers of the \n         Whiteand \n         Robertsonfamilies of \n         Abingdon, Virginia. These closely related\n         families were two of the leading participants in the business\n         and political life of Southwest \n         Virginiaduring the nineteenth century.\n         The business papers of Col. \n         James White(1770-1838), other papers\n         concerning the settlement of his estate, and the business and\n         correspondence of the \n         White family, chiefly of \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882), all\n         contain material relating to the development of business and\n         industry in Southwest \n         Virginiaand its economic ties to \n         Tennesseeand \n         Alabamabefore and after the Civil\n         War.","The first two series of the \n         White familypapers contain Col. \n         James White's own business papers,\n         1807-1838, and papers relating to the settlement of his vast\n         estate, 1838-1878. Col. White was involved in a number of\n         mercantile interests (up to some forty-five at one time) in\n         addition to the saltworks at \n         Saltville, Washington County. This\n         included business interests in the states of \n         Virginia, \n         Tennessee, \n         Alabama, and \n         Georgia, and investments in lead mines in\n         Wythe County, iron furnaces, cotton\n         plantations, and slaves. His property was worth at least\n         $750,000 at the time of his death. Unfortunately, Col. White's\n         business papers do not furnish a complete picture of any of\n         these interests.","Col. White moved to \n         Abingdon, Virginiaabout 1795. Prior to\n         his arrival there, White had worked for \n         Talbot, Jones \u0026 Company, a \n         Baltimoremerchandising house, who\n         supplied him with enough goods to set up his own business. He\n         married Miss \n         Eliza Wilsonin 1798 and began expanding\n         his business by becoming a partner of such men as Mr.\n         Henderson in \n         Abingdonand \n         William Lynnin \n         Alabama.","One of his most important business enterprises was the\n         leasing of the saltworks at \n         Saltville, Virginia, from the executors\n         of the \n         William Kingestate. Because the chain of\n         ownership and control of the saltworks is somewhat confusing,\n         the following short history of ownership will clarify White's\n         own involvement in the property.","General \n         Francis Prestonand his family had owned\n         the salt lick when \n         William King(1769-1808) purchased the\n         land west of their claim in 1795. By 1799, King had erected\n         furnaces and began the manufacture of salt. He also rented the\n         Preston Salinesuntil his death in 1808.\n         According to his will, the salt works were carried on by his\n         brother, \n         James King, \n         William Trigg, and \n         William King's wife, \n         Mary Trigg King, and their executors\n         until 1819, when it was leased to \n         John Sanders. Sanders sold his lease\n         rights to \n         James Whitewho leased the operations\n         until 1833. Other individuals leased this property until the\n         formation of the \n         Holston Salt \u0026 Plaster Companyin\n         1864. The \n         King Saltworksproduced from 90,000 to\n         100,000 bushels of salt per year. During the Civil War, it was\n         the largest supplier of salt to the Confederacy.","The business papers of Col. White contain several items\n         related to his salt interests including: papers concerning the\n         estate of \n         William Kingand the saltworks (October\n         27, 1820; May 14, 1821; April 3, June 7, \u0026 October 4,\n         1823; and September 1834); extracts from \n         John Hardies' disposition concerning salt\n         prices, 1824-1829 (April 7, 1829); and other legal papers\n         regarding the saltworks (May 26, 1830; September 8, 1831;\n         April 1833; November 7, 1834; March 12 \u0026 September 27,\n         1836; May 26, 1837; and August 15, 1838); a valuation of\n         buildings at \n         Saltville(undated) and a memorandum\n         regarding the account books at \n         Saltville(undated).","His business papers also include the balances on the \n         Saltvillebooks (1820-1835). Papers\n         concerning cotton shipments (1837-1838) and his other\n         mercantile interests (August 25, 1821 and April 16, 1835) are\n         present but do not adequately represent the extent of his\n         involvement.","The settlement of the estate of Col. \n         James Whitewas not completed until 1878\n         and the records in the second series show the extent of\n         White's assets at his death, especially the slave and land\n         inventories (ca. 1838), a notebook regarding the estate of \n         James White, 1843-1863, and a commonplace\n         book record of the division of his property (ca. 1851).","An inventory entitled \"Inventory and appraisement of the\n         personal property belonging to the estate of Col. James White\n         deceased\" is an especially useful summation of Col. White's\n         economic status at the time of his death. It contains entries\n         for: merchandise (pp. 1-18); small notes (pp. 19-37); salt due\n         bills (p. 38); appraisements of property in \n         Clay County, Kentucky, and the \n         Limestoneand \n         BellefontePlantations in \n         Alabama(pp. 39-44); sales of personal\n         property (pp. 45-46); dividends, cash received and notes (p.\n         47); various agreements (pp. 60-121); and settlement of the\n         estate (pp. 126-129). The volume also has notes regarding the\n         periodic examination of the accounts by the commissioner which\n         were recorded by the court, 1839-1871.","The correspondence of the \n         White familyincludes many letters\n         concerning business matters; of special note are the letters\n         of \n         Thomas Wilson White(1817-? ) to his\n         brother \n         William Young Conn White(1812-1882), both\n         sons of Col. \n         James White. \n         Thomas Whitewas the manager of the\n         family's plantation \" \n         Bellefonte, \" near \n         Huntsville, Alabama, and his letters give\n         a detailed account of its affairs (Feb., Nov., and Dec. 1843;\n         Jan. 1844; Sep., Nov., and Dec. 1845; Feb., Apr., and Dec.\n         1846; Jun. 1847; Jul. 1848; Mar. and May 1849; Mar. and Jul.\n         1851; Feb.-Apr. 1852; Apr. 1854; Oct. 1857; Jan., Apr., \u0026\n         Jun. 1858; Jul., \u0026 Sep.-Oct. 1859; Nov. 1862; Jul. 1874;\n         Mar., Apr., and Dec. 1876; Feb. and Jun. 1877; and Mar.\n         1878).","Other topics of interest in the \n         White familycorrespondence include: slavery\n         (January 1, 1840; August 26, 1841; April 25 \u0026 November 29,\n         1846; January 23, 1858 and July 16, 1859); the salt\n         merchandising business (November 28, 1842), banking and\n         financial difficulties (February 9, 1843; June 1, 1847; and\n         October 13, \u0026 16, 1857); and cotton prices (January 21,\n         1844; November 23, 1845; February 28, 1846; and April 29,\n         1854).","The fourth group of papers include the legal,\n         miscellaneous, and business papers of the \n         White family. Of note in the legal papers\n         are the following: an inventory and appraisement of the\n         estates of \n         Eliza Whiteand \n         Eleanor W. White(1851-1880); an indenture\n         regarding the saltworks between \n         James Whiteand \n         William King(August 4, 1823); and land\n         grants signed by various governors of \n         Virginia, including \n         James Pleasants, \n         James Wood, and \n         John Tyler, Sr.","Miscellaneous papers include a copy of a talk concerning\n         Judge \n         Peter Johnson(1763-1831) who grew up at \"\n         Longwood\" near \n         Farmville, Virginia(undated) and a copy\n         of The Daily Express of \n         Petersburg, Virginia(April 18, 1864).","The business papers of the \n         White familyshow their widespread business\n         interests, especially those of the \n         Saltvillesaltworks and their lead mines\n         in \n         Wythe County, Virginia. The account of\n         Dr. \n         Alexander Prestonwith \n         Eliza White(December 1839), containing\n         fees for medicines and doctor visits, sheds light on the types\n         of treatment occurring on a large plantation with many slaves.\n         A list of articles bought at a sale (August 22- 26, 1842)\n         includes livestock and slave prices.","Several of these papers deal with the \n         White family's continued interest in the \n         King Saltworks, which later became the \n         Holston Salt and Plaster Company(Dec.,\n         1855; Sep., 1862; Jan., 1866; Apr., 1872; Sep., 1874; Jun.,\n         and Oct., 1875; Feb., and May 1876; and Apr., 1877). There is\n         also other material concerning the \n         Holston Salt and Plaster Companyin the\n         years, 1872-1881.","A large amount of material in the business papers concerns\n         the lead mines in \n         Wythe Countyunder the company names of \n         Austinville Lead Mining Company, \n         Union Lead Mines Company, and \n         Wythe Lead and Zinc Mine Company(Feb. and\n         May 1856; Nov. 1857; Nov. 1864; Nov. 1865; Jul. and Dec. 1866;\n         Mar., May, Jul.-Dec. 1874; Jan. 1875; Dec. 1876; and Jan.-Apr.\n         1877). The bulk of the material on the lead mines is located\n         within the years 1874-1880.","The collection also contains a small group of papers\n         concerning the \n         Campell family, 1853-1882. One letter,\n         August 23, 1862, describes some of the economic difficulties\n         resulting from the Civil War.","The next series consists of the \n         Robertson familypapers. \n         James Lowry White(1842-1914), son of \n         William Young Conn White, married \n         Catherine Markham Robertson, daughter of\n         Governor \n         Wyndham Robertson(1803-1883), who resided\n         at the \" \n         Meadows, \" near \n         Abingdon, Virginia.","The papers of \n         Powhatan Robertson, a brother of \n         Wyndham Robertson, include: reports on\n         his college work (1815-1816) and essays written by him at \n         William and Mary(undated); three small\n         travel diaries describing his European Tour through \n         France, \n         Italy, and \n         Switzerland(October 12-November 25, 1818,\n         November 26-December 22, 1818, and January 3-May 2, 1819); and\n         letters describing the government and people of \n         Switzerlandand predicting that the growth\n         of Russian power and influence would continue into the next\n         century (June 9, 1819), and a speech by \n         John Randolphduring the Missouri\n         Compromise debate (February 22, 1820).","The correspondence of the \n         Robertson familycontains several Civil War\n         letters of interest: \n         Frank Robertson's description of Major \n         John Pelham(1838-1863) who fell at \n         Kelly's Ford(March 19, 1863); bands of\n         men pillaging the country (April 1865); and reconstruction\n         politics and settlement (June 6, 1865).","The letters to \n         Kate (Robertson) Whitecontain several\n         Civil War letters from her brother Frank, who served as a\n         captain under \n         J. E. B. Stuart, about his life as an\n         officer and skirmishes ( [ca. 1860 ?]; August 25, 1861; May 7,\n         July 26, and August 3, 1862; April 5 \u0026 18, 1863; and an\n         attempt by Federal forces to capture the saltworks at \n         Abingdon(October 17, [1864]). There are\n         also many letters from \n         Wyndham Robertsonand \n         Mary Frances Trigg Robertsonto their\n         children, especially Kate."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"corpname_ssim":["University of Virginia. Library. 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White","White Family","Catherine (Robertson)\n                  White"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":32,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:21.688Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00730_c04_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","value":"University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept.","hits":1621},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1867\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Virginia%2C+Special+Collections+Dept."}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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