{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=3","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=4","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1865\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=278"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":278,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":2773,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1653","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adee Family Papers, 1862/1865","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1653#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Miller, John S.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1653#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLetters, 1863-1865, received by Etta Adee of Barrington , N. 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Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from \u003cspan\u003e\"Bubber Charlie\"\u003c/span\u003e states, \u003cspan\u003e\"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\"\u003c/span\u003e Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2439.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Colcock, Adelaide, Papers","title_ssm":["Adelaide Colcock Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863-c.1870"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1863-c.1870"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1863/1870"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"text":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870","Ms.2009.020","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946.","The guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009.","Collection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from Bubber Charlie states, The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone. Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"collection_ssim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.020"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.020"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adelaide Colcock Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adelaide Colcock Papers, Ms2009-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adelaide Colcock Papers, Ms2009-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b9eb9ebfe8e04e503a1d203f81102243\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eBubber Charlie\u003c/title\u003e states, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\u003c/title\u003e Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from Bubber Charlie states, The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone. Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:16:52.444Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2439.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Colcock, Adelaide, Papers","title_ssm":["Adelaide Colcock Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1863-c.1870"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1863-c.1870"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1863/1870"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"text":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870","Ms.2009.020","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged chronologically.","Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946.","The guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009.","Collection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from Bubber Charlie states, The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone. Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"collection_ssim":["Adelaide Colcock Papers, 1863/1870"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.020"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.020"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adelaide Colcock Papers were purchased by Special Collections in 1993."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858. Her mother, Emmeline L. Huguenin, died when Adelaide was two months old. Her father, William F. Colcock, was a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives and moved his family many times to different plantations throughout the state. In 1872, Adelaide Colcock went to Charleston to attend Mrs. Pinckney's school and returned home in August of 1876. She never married and lived at home with her father until his death in 1889. Adelaide Colcock died in August 1946."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Adelaide Colcock Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adelaide Colcock Papers, Ms2009-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Adelaide Colcock Papers, Ms2009-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adelaide Colcock Papers was completed in January 2009."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Collection consists of six letters written to Adelaide Colcock from family members. Five of the letters were written during the American Civil War. Three of the letters come from her father, William Ferguson Colcock. The other letters come from her sister and her cousin \"Charlie.\" Most of the letters are inquiries about the wellbeing of family members. There is some discussion of family members serving in the war as well as a few opinions about how the war is going. The first letter from \"Bubber Charlie\" states, \"The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b9eb9ebfe8e04e503a1d203f81102243\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eBubber Charlie\u003c/title\u003e states, \u003ctitle render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThe Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone.\u003c/title\u003e Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains letters written to Adelaide Colcock from 1863 through c.1870, including five during the American Civil War. Collection includes three letters from her father, William F. Colcock, a prominent lawyer and member of the South Carolina House of Representatives, two letters from her sister Minnie, and one from her cousin Charles Colcock. The first letter from Bubber Charlie states, The Yankees are a very bad people and won't let us alone. Adelaide Colcock was born September 3, 1858 and died August 1946."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Colcock, Adelaide, 1858-1946","Colcock, William Ferguson"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:16:52.444Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2439"}},{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:30.315Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1849/1978"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"text":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978","M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, 1849/1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:26:30.315Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2975.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Underwood, Adin B., Papers","title_ssm":["Adin B. Underwood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"text":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926","Ms.2015.025","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by type of material.","Adin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote Three Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry  in 1881.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015.","This collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served.","Dating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.","The pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.","The Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War.","Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","This collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"collection_ssim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.025"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.025"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adin B. Underwood Papers were donated to Special Collections in 2004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThree Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry \u003c/emph\u003e in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote Three Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry  in 1881."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Adin B. Underwood Papers, Ms2015-025, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Adin B. Underwood Papers, Ms2015-025, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served.","Dating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.","The pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.","The Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_25bb0503c93a44895a927f12130f5050\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:17:09.987Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2975.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Underwood, Adin B., Papers","title_ssm":["Adin B. Underwood Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1926"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1926"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1926"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"text":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926","Ms.2015.025","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by type of material.","Adin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote Three Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry  in 1881.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015.","This collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served.","Dating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.","The pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.","The Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War.","Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","This collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"collection_ssim":["Adin B. Underwood Papers, 1861/1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2015.025"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2015.025"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"creators_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Adin B. Underwood Papers were donated to Special Collections in 2004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by type of material."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote \u003cemph render=\"doublequote\"\u003eThree Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry \u003c/emph\u003e in 1881.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Adin B. Underwood (1828-1888) graduated from Brown University, studied Law at Harvard School of Law, and settled in Boston, Massachusetts, with his wife Jane. He joined the Union Army at the start of the Civil War and was made a Captain in the 2nd Massachusetts Infantry. Promoted to Major, he transferred to the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry and rose to the rank of Colonel. Underwood was wounded at the Battle of Wauhatchee in 1863 and appointed Brigader General of Volunteers. He later became a brevet Major General in 1865. Underwood officially mustered out in 1866 and returned to Boston. He was surveyor for the port of Boston for 20 years and wrote Three Years' Service of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry  in 1881."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Adin B. Underwood Papers, Ms2015-025, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Adin B. Underwood Papers, Ms2015-025, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Adin B. Underwood Papers was completed in July 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains photocopies of the papers of Brigader General Adin B. Underwood. The papers include personal correspondence with transcriptions, Underwood's Union Army pension records, and a detailed history of the 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiment, Union Army, in which Underwood served.","Dating 1861 to 1865, the correspondence includes photocopies and transcriptions of letters written to General Underwood in Tennessee and Washington, D.C., by his wife Jane in Newtonville, Massachusetts, and his sister-in-law Maria, who resided in Brooklyn, New York. The letters written to Underwood pertain mostly to family matters and well wishes. Also in the correspondence are personal letters sent to Jane Underwood from her sister Maria, a Mrs. J. McQuesten, and an unknown sender regarding Adin's health and updates about friends and family. Lastly, the correspondence includes requests by General Underwood for leave of duty and the subsequent replies from his commanding officers, which are not transcribed.","The pension records span from 1861 to 1926. The records include photocopies of muster sheets for the 2nd and 33rd Massachusetts Infantry Regiments, USA, casualty and wounded reports, and pension forms and affidavits regarding Underwood. Orders from Adjutant General E.D. Townsend of the Union Army Headquarters request removal of Underwood's name from the 33rd Massachusett's regimental muster roll after he accepted his appointment to Brigader General. The pension records also contain forms completed by Underwood establishing his retirement pension. Lastly, forms and affidavits completed by Jane Underwood request her widow's pension following the death of Adin Underwood in 1888.","The Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry Regimental History details the recruitment and organization of the regiment in 1862. The document lists all forty-five battles and actions the regiment took part in for the duration of the war. The document also details the total wounded and killed as well as the mustering out and discharge of the surviving men of Thirty-Third after the end of the Civil War."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from the Adin B. Underwood Papers must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_25bb0503c93a44895a927f12130f5050\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection comprises the papers of Brigader General Adin. B Underwood. The papers contain photocopies of Civil War-era correspondence written to Underwood by his wife and sister-in-law and Underwood's written requests to his superiors for leave from duty. The collection also consists of Underwood's pension records, his pay and muster sheets from his time in the Union Army, and his wife's applications for a widow's pension after his death in 1888. This collection includes a short history of the Thirty-Third Massachusetts Infantry, Union Army, a unit with which Underwood served during the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Underwood, Adin B. (Adin Ballou)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":3,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:17:09.987Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2975"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Administration records collection, 1776/1976","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1776/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"text":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976","WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","The Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley.","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series.","Researchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","The Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley.","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series.","Researchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:24:40.101Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_469.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Administration records collection","title_ssm":["Administration records collection"],"title_tesim":["Administration records collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1976 (bulk 1840-1900)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1776/1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"text":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976","WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469","Business records","Enslaved persons","The collection is open for research use.","This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.","This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.","This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","The Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley.","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series.","Researchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book General Lee's College.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"collection_ssim":["Administration records collection, 1776/1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.1.01","/repositories/5/resources/469"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_ssim":["Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"creators_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business records","Enslaved persons"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["6.73 Linear Feet 14 boxes, 3 oversize folders"],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection has been arranged into the following series: Business Records, Administration, Faculty, Students, General, and Printed Material."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["This collection's former unique identifer was WLU Coll 112."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Administration Records Collection (RG 1.01), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nResearchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book \u003ctitle\u003eGeneral Lee's College.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes early Washington and Lee University papers and miscellaneous materials supplementary to the university's trustee's records, faculty meeting minutes, and treaurer's records. Much of this collection was found over decades from various locations on campus and housed in the Treasurer's Office.","The Business Records series includes primarily documents related to the financial history of the university. They include related correspondence, invoices, and receipts. The invoices and receipts document expenditures such as purchases of wood as a heating source, purchases of supplies to support building repair and/or construction, such as the Chapel and Lee House, as well as fees for labor, purchases of books for the library, purchases of supplies and equipment for teaching,  purchase of Confederate bonds, salaries and wages, payments for newspaper subscriptions, advertisements, printing, and fire insurance. Other subjects include Robinson and Santini medals, the John Robinson monument (1855), the purchase of lab supplies and instruments, property rentals, insurance, investments, endowments, scholarships, tuition, promissory notes, bonds, and the purchase of furniture. There are also documents related to enslaved persons. One document is specific to the John Robinson estate. Others refer to the sale or hiring out of enslaved individuals. It is noted within the folder description if the documents lists the names of these individuals. At least one of the earliest documents in this series mentions the Timber Ridge location and Fort Randolph. The records created during the presidency of Robert E. Lee sometime include his signature and notes.","The Administration series includes correspondence sent to or written by trustees, presidents, or other officers. Subjects include the purchasing of mineral specimens (G. W. C. Lee), Cyrus McCormick (correspondent), athletics, correspondence about the Chapel controversy, correspondence about the library, and an oath book signed by both trustees and Librarian Annie White. There is also correspondence related to and with fundraising and fundraising agents including R. D. Lilley, George Peabody, Grover Cleveland, and Oswald Garrison Villard. Villard co-founded the NAACP in 1909.","The Faculty series includes letters of recommendation, letters about student absences and students requesting leave and/or accommodation for tuition, commencement invitations, the College Hotel and student lodging, papers acted upon by the faculty, and papers related to the American Association of University Professors. The letters from fathers of students or students themselves regarding requesting leave from school usually include the reason why which primarily relates to finances or the student's health. Some of the correspondence addressed to the faculty are related to student misconduct. Of particular note is a May 1849 document signed by faculty and officers of both Washington College and the Virginia Military Institute speaking about against the Lexington Bowling Alley.","The Students series includes documents related to student conduct, student petitions, recruitment, and admissions. Of particular note are the documents from 1858 regarding an incident in which students were dismissed from school for drinking and the eventual burning in effigy of the two professors who caught and dismissed them.","The General series includes correspondence about catalog requests, the Alumni Association, and subject files.","The Printed Material series includes broadsides, circulars, pamphlets, etc. that were printed by our about the university including events and programs.","Researchers should be aware that there might be overlap in subject matter and correspondents among the series. References to fundraising, for example, can be found across series.","Researchers should note that this collection was reviewed and organized chronologically as Miscellaneous Papers and Miscellaneous Bills, Receipts, and Vouchers by Dr. William Webb Pusey in 1982. An updated review and the resulting reprocessing was undertaken to create what is expected to be a more cohesive organization and description in effort to increase both the discoverability and accessibility of the contents. Some of Dr. Pusey's decisions regarding arrangement have been kept in the interest of time and the challenge of trying to determine where the documents were originally pulled from. For example, he combined letters of tribute about Professor J. J. White that were sent to Washington and Lee President G. W. C. Lee along with other tributes to White into one folder. That folder remains. He also combined documentation associated with and/or created by the work of Robert D. Lilley in his capacity as a fundraising agent for the university. He combined letters sent to faculty and administrators asking for university catalogs and/or circulars. While these requests have been kept together and arranged chronologically, researchers should be aware that while some letters only ask for a catalog, others include much more information about the letter writer, such as their current financial situation, their educational background, their service in the American Civil War, and their desire to attend or have their son attend the university because of President Robert E. Lee. Researchers are encouraged to consult these files as they might find useful information contained therein.","Documents within this collection were heavily consulted by Ollinger Crenshaw in researching his book General Lee's College."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings"],"names_coll_ssim":["Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"persname_ssim":["Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington College (Lexington, Va.)","Washington and Lee University","Washington and Lee University. Chapel","Washington and Lee University--Faculty","Washington and Lee University--Students","Washington and Lee University--Buildings","Lee, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1807-1870","McCormick, Cyrus Hall, 1809-1884"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":333,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:24:40.101Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_469"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_33#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_33#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Commander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_33#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_33.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/33","title_filing_ssi":"Tucker, John Randolph","title_ssm":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1897, undated","Date acquired: 01/08/1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1897, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/08/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"text":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897","MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33","Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration","United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.","John Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.","Note written by Ellen Emser","The John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.","Papers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026 Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Commander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate.","ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon","Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)","English\n      Spanish; Castilian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"collection_ssim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"geogname_ssim":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"places_ssim":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"creator_ssm":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"creators_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)","ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Commander Douglas Tucker, USN","Gift. Accession #A80-4"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger documents case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger documents case boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Ellen Emser\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.","Note written by Ellen Emser"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.","Papers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026 Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5dc4a1b5e22652e6c7ec1d7265356f26\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCommander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Commander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"persname_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon","Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":61,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:49.528Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_33","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_33.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/33","title_filing_ssi":"Tucker, John Randolph","title_ssm":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers"],"title_tesim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1897, undated","Date acquired: 01/08/1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1897, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/08/1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1897"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"text":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897","MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33","Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration","United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States","Open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.","John Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.","Note written by Ellen Emser","The John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.","Papers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026 Mary.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Commander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate.","ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon","Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)","English\n      Spanish; Castilian"],"collection_title_tesim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"collection_ssim":["Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, 1865/1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 40","/repositories/5/resources/33"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"geogname_ssim":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"places_ssim":["Chile--History--War with Spain, 1865-1866","Amazon River--Discovery and exploration"],"creator_ssm":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"creators_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)","ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Commander Douglas Tucker, USN","Gift. Accession #A80-4"],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States. Navy--Officers","Confederate States of America. Navy","Peru. Marina","American Confederate voluntary exiles--Peru","Explorers--Peru","Explorers--United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger documents case boxes"],"extent_tesim":["0.40 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger documents case boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1980],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Publications and Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Ellen Emser\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Randolph Tucker was born January 31, 1812 in Alexandria, Virginia. His parents were John Tucker, originally from Bermuda, and Sara Douglas, daughter of Dr. Charles Douglas, a physician who came to America after the Revolution. The Tucker family, some of whom had been in Virginia since before the Revolution, produced a number of prominent men in Virginia's political and social life.\nAfter attending private schools in Alexandria, Tucker entered the U.S. Navy as a midshipman on June 1, 1826. Although six years later he passed the examination for advancement, there were no vacancies at that time and he had to wait until December 20, 1837 to be promoted to Lieutenant. As Lieutenant Commander he commanded the Stromboli during the Mexican War. Tucker received his commission as Commander on September 14, 1855 when he took over the command of the Pennsylvania. His last duty in the U.S. Navy was as Ordnance Officer of the Norfolk Navy Yard, from which he resigned due to the secession of Virginia.\nTucker was appointed Commander, first of the Virginia Navy and then the Confederate States Navy, at which time he assumed command of the Patrick Henry, formerly a U.S. Navy Steamer which was seized and converted into a Confederate man-of-war. As commander of the Patrick Henry, Tucker participated in battles with the Union Navy at Hampton Roads and Drewry's Bluff. In August of 1862, Tucker took over command of the Chicora at Charleston, South Carolina. Following Tucker's surrender in April 1865 at the Battle of Saylor's Creek, he was sent North as a prisoner of war. After his release July 24, 1865, he returned to the South to work as an agent of the Southern Express Company of Raleigh, North Carolina.\nWhile Tucker was in Raleigh, the Peruvian Minister to the United States contacted him to arrange an interview in Washington. Peru, which was at war with Spain, invited Tucker to join their Navy as a Rear Admiral, bringing with him two staff officers. Tucker accepted and went to Peru with Captain David Porter McCorkle and Commander Walter Raleigh Butt. Although some Peruvian Naval Officers objected to a foreigner in command of their fleet, Tucker distinguished himself in battle with Spain.\nFollowing his resignation in 1871 from the Peruvian Navy, Tucker was appointed President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. This Commission, which explored and surveyed the Upper Amazon River and its tributaries, discovered two new rivers, the Trinidad and the Herrera- yacu. Upon completion of the expedition, Tucker traveled to New York to meet with engravers to make maps and atlases from the Commission's findings.\nTucker retired to Petersburg, Virginia, until his sudden death on June 12, 1883. He was buried in Norfolk next to his wife, the former Virginia Webb, whom he married June 7, 1838, and who died in 1858. Their children were Randolph Tucker, Tarleton Webb Tucker, and Virginius Tucker.","Note written by Ellen Emser"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Admiral John Randolph Tucker Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePapers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The John Randolph Tucker papers, many of which are in Spanish, deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Included in the collection are letters describing the expedition of the steamer Tambo and the difficulties encountered by Tucker and the Commission. These include hostile indigenous people, as well as financial and other problems in their dealings with the Peruvian government.","Papers related to John Randolph Tucker, the lawyer, are available in the Special Collections Research Center at William \u0026 Mary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5dc4a1b5e22652e6c7ec1d7265356f26\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCommander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Commander in the United States, Confederate States and Peruvian Navy. Papers deal primarily with his service as President of the Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon. Spanish language materials predominate."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"names_coll_ssim":["Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon"],"persname_ssim":["Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Peruvian Hydrographical Commission of the Amazon","Tucker, John Randolph (1812-1883)"],"language_ssim":["English\n      Spanish; Castilian"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":61,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:49.528Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_33"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Debussey, Adolphus","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_1500","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_1500.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/195779","title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1998","1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1998"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1861-1866, 1870-1871"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"text":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871","A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500","Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians.","No special access restriction applies.","Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.","Series include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War -- Cabell County (W. Va.)","Civil War -- Charleston","Civil War - Logan County.","Civil War -- Music and musicians","Civil War - Virginia (U.S.) 4th Volunteer Infantry, Company F.","Civil War battles - Vicksburg.","Logan County - Civil War.","Music and musicians."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet Summary: 5 1/2 in. (1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_fd471c215eb274e14eb01d571b5f6aec\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. 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Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.","Series include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Debussey, Adolphus","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, 1861/1998, bulk 1861/1871"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 3296","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/1500"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creator_ssm":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"creators_ssim":["Debussey, Adolphus","West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. 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(1 document case, 2 1/2 in.; 1 flat storage box, 3 in.)"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo special access restriction applies.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No special access restriction applies."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026amp;M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Adolphus DeBussey, Soldier, Civil War Letters, A\u0026M 3296, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCivil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. There is much mention of fighting and prolonged encampments in Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, and West Virginia. Included are details of an 1861 Confederate raid on Burning Springs, an 1861 skirmish at Gauley Bridge, and the 1861 battle of Guyandotte. The letters also record his experiences during Sherman's march through Georgia. The collection includes Corporal Adolphus DeBussey's flute with its case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries include: \nSeries 1. Inventory, undated\nSeries 2. Transcripts -- Preservation Copies, undated\nSeries 3. Correspondence, 1861-1871, 1912-1913, 1964, undated\nSeries 4. Ephemera -- Envelopes, 1912–1913\nSeries 5. Transcripts -- Originals, undated\nSeries 6. Article, 1998\nSeries 7. Artifact, ca. 1861-1862\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Civil War correspondence of the DeBussey brothers of Ravenswood, WV. There is a single letter each from John DeBussey and George DeBussey. John DeBussey served in the Confederate Army while George DeBussey served in the 2nd. WV Cavalry. Most of the letters are from Adolphus DeBussey who served in the 4th. WV Infantry as a musician. In his letters Adolphus documents the service of his regiment in the Kanawha Valley early in the war and in the Western Theater during the battles of Vicksburg, Mississippi and Chattanooga, Tennessee. 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Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Spencer, Edward"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:56:18.955Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2814","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2814","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2814","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_2814","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_2814.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196860","title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"title_tesim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1904"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1904"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1854/1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers, 1854/1904"],"text":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers, 1854/1904","A\u0026M 0515","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/2814","Pittsburgh (Pa.)","Wellsville, N.Y.","Olympia, W.A.","Kansas","Banks and banking","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Engineers","No special access restriction applies.","511, 515, 517","Includes the wills of A. P. Howard, Corry, Pennsylvania; 1897, and Sarah H. Howard, Wellsville, N. Y., correspondence, reports, leases, tax receipts, and mortgage. Information on J. W. Howard and Hugh H. McCullough estates. Copy of Bradstreet's report on the University Company of Olympia, Washington and J. R. Chaplin, manager of the Company. Also, report on various business enterprises and financial standing of A. P. Howard. Some correspondence of Edward Spencer and tax receipts for land in Kansas. One copy of \"The Practical Engineer,\" John Wallace, Pittsburgh, Penna., 1865, and one copy of \"The Popular Educator,\" Vols. III and IV, London, N. C.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Spencer, Edward","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adolphus P. Howard Papers, 1854/1904"],"collection_ssim":["Adolphus P. 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P. Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Howard family"],"creators_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Spencer, Edward","West Virginia and Regional History Center","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)","Howard family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Engineers"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking","Farms and farming.","Missionaries","Printers and printing.","Engineers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 in. (1 document case)"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Linear Feet Summary: 5 in. 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Howard Papers, A\u0026M 0515, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e511, 515, 517\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related A\u0026M Collections"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["511, 515, 517"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncludes the wills of A. P. Howard, Corry, Pennsylvania; 1897, and Sarah H. Howard, Wellsville, N. Y., correspondence, reports, leases, tax receipts, and mortgage. Information on J. W. Howard and Hugh H. McCullough estates. Copy of Bradstreet's report on the University Company of Olympia, Washington and J. R. Chaplin, manager of the Company. Also, report on various business enterprises and financial standing of A. P. Howard. Some correspondence of Edward Spencer and tax receipts for land in Kansas. One copy of \"The Practical Engineer,\" John Wallace, Pittsburgh, Penna., 1865, and one copy of \"The Popular Educator,\" Vols. 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For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_1f42716ae40bcf4c34ce3aebebeb5711\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["J.W. and A. P. Howard Company","University Company of Olympia (W.A.)","Howard family","Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Spencer, Edward"],"famname_ssim":["Howard family"],"persname_ssim":["Howard, Adolphus P.","Howard, John F.","Spencer, Edward"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","J.W. and A. P. 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It also includes a single book. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of approximately 10 linear feet of materials. This includes approximately 213 folders containing an array of local history publications, documents, photographs, and research materials. There are also 17 CDs with digital materials and a single book. They are stored in 9 boxes and one oversize folder. The collection is organized into the following four series:","Series 1, Publications, 1717-2016 includes a wide array of publications. Some of these relate to the history of local groups, businesses, organizations, individuals, and sites. 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