{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=19","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=18","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=20","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=143"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":19,"next_page":20,"prev_page":18,"total_pages":143,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":180,"total_count":1423,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles F. McKenna Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003csup\u003eth\u003c/sup\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2450.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McKenna, Charles F., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.031"],"text":["Ms.2009.031","Charles F. McKenna Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.","Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th Regiment, titled Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton. History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M. Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx .","The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.","For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband. American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States. Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"," The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creators_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles F. McKenna Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Published Materials include two articles from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldier Life\u003c/title\u003e, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenna attempted to enlist in the 63\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eAdditional information from:\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eFleming, George Thornton. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution\u003c/title\u003e. 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eEastman, Frank M. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCourts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History\u003c/title\u003e. 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e\"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\"\u003ehttp://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th Regiment, titled Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton. History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M. Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eFor information on the 155\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSmith, Robin, and William Younghusband. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Civil War Zouaves\u003c/title\u003e. Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eUnited States. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment\u003c/title\u003e. Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband. American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States. Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e, the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e, an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f5a7e94aeb6a33c75e6d0fa23f594ca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2450.xml","title_filing_ssi":"McKenna, Charles F., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1861-1913, 1996-1998, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2009.031"],"text":["Ms.2009.031","Charles F. McKenna Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.","Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th Regiment, titled Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton. History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M. Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx .","The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.","For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband. American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States. Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"," The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2009.031"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles F. McKenna Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"creators_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles F. McKenna Collection was donated to Special Collections in 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Regimental Histories -- Pennsylvania Infantry -- 155th"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box, 2 artifacts"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in the following series:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The Published Materials include two articles from \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSoldier Life\u003c/title\u003e, Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Artifacts, n.d.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in the following series:","Series I: Personal Papers, 1862-1913, n.d."," The Personal Papers largely surround the diaries and McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. McKenna's regiment was present at many noteworthy Civil War battles and the diaries mention several, including Gettysburg and Appomattox. The diaries contain details of McKenna's daily life as a soldier and his self-proclaimed \"adventures,\" news from home, stories about the people he met, the loss of friends, and the treatment of soldiers in different parts of the mid-Atlantic region. He also comments frequently on changes in leadership of his regiment and the reception of various generals and officers in camp. Both diaries contain sketches by McKenna of people and places he encountered. While he does mention being near or taking part in some significant battles, details of the battles themselves are limited."," The final pages of the first diary present a record of the dead, wounded, discharged, transferred, sick, deserters, and promoted in the regiment. The final pages of the second diary focus on McKenna's money spent on clothing, money received from home, and other financial information. Some of the second diary loses its linear chronology, and there are only a few entries for the entire year of 1864."," The photographs are of Major General John Buford and Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg. The letter comes from Brigadier General David McMurtrie Gregg, upon the receipt of a gift copy of McKenna's regimental history. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series II: Published and Printed Materials, 1869-1998"," The Published Materials include two articles from Soldier Life , Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1996, featuring McKenna's letters; a 1962 map with McKenna's Civil War travels marked in pen; a 1998 issue of Civil War News ; and a collection of bound sheet music from before 1870. One article talks about boxing for recreation in camp and other talks about the relationship between soldiers, sutlers, and paymasters. The collection of music has a number of names inscribed on the inside cover and initial pages. This series is arranged chronologically.","Series III: Artifacts, n.d.","This series includes a Tower rifle and bayonet, as well as a Solinger cavalry saber."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcKenna attempted to enlist in the 63\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eAdditional information from:\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eFleming, George Thornton. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHistory of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution\u003c/title\u003e. 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eEastman, Frank M. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCourts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History\u003c/title\u003e. 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e\"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. \u003ca href=\"http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\"\u003ehttp://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles F. McKenna was born in Pittsburgh, PA, on October 1, 1844 to James and Anna McKenna. He and his twin brother were the youngest of six children, born shortly before their father's death in 1846. McKenna attended schools in Pittsburgh until, at age 14, he apprenticed to a lithographer, due to his interest in sketching. He would continue to sketch throughout his life, even providing illustrations for a published history of the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers he edited. ","McKenna attempted to enlist in the 63 rd Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, in August of 1861, but was forced to postpone, owing to his mother's disapproval and her subsequent poor health. In July 1862, at the age of 16, he joined Company E, 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers. Less than a month after enlisting, McKenna's regiment was on the front lines at Antietam. Over the next three years, he would participate in some of the most pivotal battles of the Civil War: Gettysburg, Chancellorsville, Mine Run, Fredericksburg, and Appomattox. During the long winter encampments, he continued his education with Sergeant George P. Fulton who, folllowing the war, would serve as principal of the Highland Public Schools in Pittsburgh. McKenna served nearly three full years, obtaining leave only once, in January 1865. After his discharge in June 1865, he returned home to Pittsburgh."," In 1869, following several years work in a Pittsburgh law firm, Charles McKenna was admitted to the Allegheny County bar. He was an early memeber of the Allegheny County Bar Association, as well as a charter member of the Pennsylvania State Bar Association. On October 1, 1872, he married Miss Virginia White. The couple never had any children."," While serving as a Pennsylvania Supreme Court judge in 1904, he was offered the Judgeship of the United States District Court of Porto Rico [sic]. McKenna initially declined the offer, but soon changed his mind. He established the first Elks lodge in Porto Rico [sic] while living in San Juan. He returned to Pittsburgh in late 1906, unable to adapt to the climate. In addition to practicing law again, this time with his nephews, McKenna began to work extensively with Civil War organizations."," First appointed to the Gettysburg Battlefield Commission, he went to to serve as its president for many years. He wrote articles for the Western Pennsylvania Historical Society on topics in local history and the Civil War. In 1910, he edited and illustrated a detailed history of the 155 th Regiment, titled Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . He also created an index of Pennsylvania soldiers who participated in the Battle of Gettysburg for the Pennsylvania Historical Society. At the Battle of Gettysburg 50 th Reunion in 1913, he and other survivors received commemorative Congressional Medals of Honor for service."," In 1911, then-Pennsylvania Governor John K. Tener appointed McKenna to the newly established County Court of Allegheny County. In 1921, he was elected to complete a second ten-year term. His service was cut short by his death on December 3, 1922.","Additional information from: Fleming, George Thornton. History of Pittsburgh and Environs, from Prehistoric Days to the Beginning on the American Revolution . 4 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. Eastman, Frank M. Courts and Lawyers of Pennsylvania: A History . 3 vols. New York: The American Historical Society, 1922. \"Charles Francis McKenna.\" United States District Court of Puerto Rico. http://www.prd.uscourts.gov/CourtWeb/bios_judge_McKenna.aspx ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles F. McKenna Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles F. McKenna Collection, Ms2009-031, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles F. McKenna Collection commenced and was completed in March 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eFor information on the 155\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eSmith, Robin, and William Younghusband. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eAmerican Civil War Zouaves\u003c/title\u003e. Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996.\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eUnited States. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment\u003c/title\u003e. Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eE527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["For information on the 155 Smith, Robin, and William Younghusband. American Civil War Zouaves . Elite series, No. 62. London: Osprey, 1996. United States. Under the Maltese Cross, Antietam to Appomattox, The Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Regiment . Pittsburg, Pa: 155th Regimental Association, 1910. E527.5 155th .P466 1910 Spec Civil War"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eUnder the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File\u003c/title\u003e. The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCivil War News\u003c/title\u003e; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eElements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003erd\u003c/emph\u003e, the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e, an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" The Charles F. McKenna Collection contains diaries, personal papers, and published materials relating to McKenna's Civil War service. The materials date from 1861 to 1998 (bulk 1861-1913). The collection is divided into three series: Personal Papers, Published Materials, and Artifacts.","The Personal Papers include McKenna's original diaries (1862-1865); bound photocopies of the diaries; transcriptions on CD-rom; McKenna's discharge papers; photographs of two generals; and a letter regarding the publication of Under the Maltese Cross, from Antietam to Appomattox, the Loyal Uprising in Western Pennsylvania, 1861-1865; Campaigns 155th Pennsylvania Volunteers Regiment, Narrated by the Rank and File . The Published Materials include two articles featuring McKenna's letters; a map of McKenna's travels; an issue of Civil War News ; and Civil War sheet music. Artifacts include a Tower rifle and bayonet and a Solingen cavalry saber.","Elements within the diaries suggest they may not have been recorded at the time of the war, but instead, written down at a later date. The loss of chronology and the absence of entries for large periods of time in 1864 hint at this. Several notes in the text also imply additions at another date. After the entry for June 23 rd , the following appears: \"[N.B. Here my notes ceased, as well as my dates and for the remainder of June and July I will be obliged to record the dates as well as facts from memory][C.F. McKenna. Aug. 1863].\" In a lengthy entry for November 30 th , an asterisk note reads, \"Have since learned that it was Genl. Warren made this report to Genl. Meade.\" At the very least, it appears additions were made to the diaries over time.","Additional materials in this collection include two published titles which are cataloged and located in the Rare Book Collection."],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8f5a7e94aeb6a33c75e6d0fa23f594ca\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155\u003cemph render=\"super\"\u003eth\u003c/emph\u003e Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains diaries, papers, and published materials related to Charles F. McKenna's service in the 155 th Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteers, during the Civil War."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"persname_ssim":["McKenna, Charles F., 1844-1922"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":13,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:49.219Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2450"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles H. Gray Letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Gray, Charles H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gray, Charles H. Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.028"],"text":["Ms.1989.028","Charles H. Gray Letter","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open to research.","Charles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio.","The guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gray, Charles H.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gray, Charles H."],"creator_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"creators_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles H. Gray Letter was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles H. Gray Letter, Ms1989-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles H. Gray Letter, Ms1989-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_03a1d901a6da93d663e989db25fad5f5\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gray, Charles H."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:04.664Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1655.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Gray, Charles H. Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1989.028"],"text":["Ms.1989.028","Charles H. Gray Letter","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open to research.","Charles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio.","The guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022.","This collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\"","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gray, Charles H.","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1989.028"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles H. Gray Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Gray, Charles H."],"creator_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"creators_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles H. Gray Letter was donated to Special Collections and University Archives in 1989."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles H. Gray, son of Frederick and Nancy Ann Chamberlain Gray, was born in Ohio on Februrary 10, 1840. The 1860 federal census lists him living in the Miami County, Ohio home of his parents and working as a teacher. On June 3, 1861, Gray enlisted in Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry; he was promoted to corporal on October 1, 1862. Gray sustained injuries while falling from a railroad car near Washington, D. C. and died soon afterward of typhoid at Harpers Ferry, (West) Virginia on November 23, 1862. He was buried in Fletcher Cemetery, Fletcher (Miami County), Ohio."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles H. Gray Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles H. Gray Letter, Ms1989-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles H. Gray Letter, Ms1989-028, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and description of the Charles H. Gray Letter commenced and was completed in January 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single, 10-page letter from Charles H. Gray, of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War. Written to Gray's brother from Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) on patriotic stationery, the letter describes Gray's part in the recent Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia), and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain. The letter was written over a period of two days (July 13-14, 1861) and provides a summary of the regiment's movements and battle engagements over the preceding few weeks from Clarksburg to Huttonsville and on to Cheat Mountain. He describes the hardships endured in camp, march, and battle but concludes \"we are now repaid for all,\" as \"[t]he secessionist[s] are all cleaned out of Western Virginia.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_03a1d901a6da93d663e989db25fad5f5\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Charles H. Gray (1840-1862), of Company C, 4th Ohio Infantry during the American Civil War, written to his brother July 13-14, 1861, and providing an account of his part in the Union advance on Beverly, Virginia (now West Virginia) and a report on the Battle of Rich Mountain."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Gray, Charles H."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Gray, Charles H."],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:10:04.664Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1655"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles H. Pierce Letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Pierce, Charles H.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3285.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pierce, Charles H. Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.027"],"text":["Ms.2018.027","Charles H. Pierce Letter","Civil War","First Manassas, Battle of, 1861","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- Marine Corps -- History -- 1849-1877","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is available online .","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018.","The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat.","Permission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Pierce, Charles H.","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2018.027"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Pierce, Charles H."],"creator_ssim":["Pierce, Charles H."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Pierce, Charles H."],"creators_ssim":["Pierce, Charles H."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles H. 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Pierce Letter, Ms2018-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles H. Pierce Letter, Ms2018-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a192c11d551a0c7c95abe974148d88fa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Pierce, Charles H."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Pierce, Charles H."],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:32:37.347Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_3285.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Pierce, Charles H. Letter","title_ssm":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles H. Pierce Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2018.027"],"text":["Ms.2018.027","Charles H. Pierce Letter","Civil War","First Manassas, Battle of, 1861","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- Marine Corps -- History -- 1849-1877","The collection is open for research.","This collection has been digitized and is available online .","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018.","The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat.","Permission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. 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Pierce Letter, Ms2018-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Charles H. Pierce Letter, Ms2018-027, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles H. Pierce Letter was completed in September, 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle. Pierce's letter mentions the activities of his battalion on their march from Washington, D.C. to Manassas Junction. Pierce also mentions how hard the march was and the heat."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Charles H. Pierce Letter must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_a192c11d551a0c7c95abe974148d88fa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a letter written July 20, 1861, by Charles H. Pierce to his mother on the eve of the Battle of First Manassas/Bull Run. Pierce was a member of the United States Marine Corps and was present during the battle."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Pierce, Charles H."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Pierce, Charles H."],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:32:37.347Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_3285"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2402.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Minor, Charles L. C., Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection","title_ssm":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.081"],"text":["Ms.2008.081","Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection","Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives","The collection is open to research.","The diary in this collection has been digitized and is available online .","The collection is arranged by document type.","Charles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. ","In 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.","In 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026 Mary College. ","Removed from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled The Real Lincoln . During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. ","Edward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.","The 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864.","The guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008.","VT Special Collections and University Archives also has the Charles L. C. Minor Annotated The Real Lincoln , Ms2013-057 .","The following are in the Rare Book Collection:","\nMinor, Charles L. C. The Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries . 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n \nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" Southern Historical Society Papers 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n","See the Minor Family Papers, 1787-1906 at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. ","The Library of Virginia holds a microfilm copy of the collection .","This collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. "," The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. ","The cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026 discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026 worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.","The volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. ","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.081"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creator_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creators_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection was purchased by Special Collections and Univeristy Archives in June 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diary in this collection has been digitized and is \u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"https://omeka.lib.vt.edu/items/show/2533\" show=\"new\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The diary in this collection has been digitized and is available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026amp; Mary College. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln\u003c/title\u003e. During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. ","In 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.","In 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026 Mary College. ","Removed from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled The Real Lincoln . During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. ","Edward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.","The 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection, Ms2008-081, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection, Ms2008-081, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVT Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2897.oai_ead.xml\" show=\"new\"\u003eCharles L. C. Minor Annotated \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln\u003c/title\u003e, Ms2013-057\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following are in the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\nMinor, Charles L. C. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries\u003c/title\u003e. 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Historical Society Papers\u003c/title\u003e 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://catalog.huntington.org/record=b1553200\"\u003eMinor Family Papers, 1787-1906\u003c/a\u003e at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Virginia holds a \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00499.xml\"\u003emicrofilm copy of the collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["VT Special Collections and University Archives also has the Charles L. C. Minor Annotated The Real Lincoln , Ms2013-057 .","The following are in the Rare Book Collection:","\nMinor, Charles L. C. The Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries . 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n \nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" Southern Historical Society Papers 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n","See the Minor Family Papers, 1787-1906 at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. ","The Library of Virginia holds a microfilm copy of the collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026amp; discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026amp; worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. "," The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. ","The cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026 discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026 worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.","The volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use","Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8eebea1a1bb721fec1902912eeacfffb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)"],"persname_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:15.856Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2402.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Minor, Charles L. C., Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection","title_ssm":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1860-1864"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1860-1864"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2008.081"],"text":["Ms.2008.081","Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection","Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives","The collection is open to research.","The diary in this collection has been digitized and is available online .","The collection is arranged by document type.","Charles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. ","In 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.","In 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026 Mary College. ","Removed from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled The Real Lincoln . During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. ","Edward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.","The 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864.","The guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008.","VT Special Collections and University Archives also has the Charles L. C. Minor Annotated The Real Lincoln , Ms2013-057 .","The following are in the Rare Book Collection:","\nMinor, Charles L. C. The Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries . 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n \nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" Southern Historical Society Papers 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n","See the Minor Family Papers, 1787-1906 at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. ","The Library of Virginia holds a microfilm copy of the collection .","This collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. "," The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. ","The cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026 discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026 worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.","The volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. ","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2008.081"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creator_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"creators_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection was purchased by Special Collections and Univeristy Archives in June 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Faculty and staff","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","University Archives"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1860,1861,1862,1863,1864],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe diary in this collection has been digitized and is \u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"https://omeka.lib.vt.edu/items/show/2533\" show=\"new\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The diary in this collection has been digitized and is available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by document type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026amp; Mary College. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRemoved from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln\u003c/title\u003e. During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEdward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Landon Carter Minor, son of Lucius Horatio and Cartherine Berkley Minor, was born on December 3, 1835 at Edgewood (Hanover County), Virginia. Minor received his master of arts from the University of Virginia in 1858 and taught school at the Virginia Female Institute (Staunton) and in Albemarle County. He married Fanny Annsley Cazenove in 1860. The couple settled in the small town of Negro Foot, just north of Richmond, Virginia, and had two daughters. ","In 1861, Minor joined the Confederate Army, enlisting as a private in the 1st Rockbridge Artillery but soon transferred to Company K, 2nd Virginia Cavalry, with which he participated in the Battle of First Manassas and Jackson's Valley Campaign. By February 1863, Minor was an ordnance officer at Dublin Depot, Virginia, and he served at General Albert G. Jenkins' aide-de-camp at the nearby Battle of Cloyd's Mountain (May 9, 1864). Promoted to captain on August 1, 1864, Minor was appointed chief ordnance officer of the Confederate Army's Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, reporting to Major General Samuel Jones. At war's end, Minor was serving as executive officer at the Richmond Arsenal.","In 1867, Minor became president of the Maryland Agricultural College (now University of Maryland). He resigned the following year, however, and operated a private school in Lynchburg, Virginia, before becoming professor of Latin and director of the preparatory school at the University of the South (Sewanee, Tennessee). He served in that position until named the first president of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (now Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University) in 1872. In 1874, he received a law degree from William \u0026 Mary College. ","Removed from office during an 1879 reorganization of the college, Minor served as principal of Shenandoah Valley Academy (Winchester, Virginia) and St. Paul's School (Baltimore, Maryland) before becoming vice principal of Episcopal High School in Alexandria, Virginia. When his health began to fail, Minor privately tutored students in his Baltimore home. A Confederate apologist, Minor during this time also contributed a number of articles to Baltimore and Richmond newspapers on historical and political subjects. In 1901, he published a 66-page booklet titled The Real Lincoln . During the last year of his life, he completed a second, expanded edition of the work, which was published posthumously. Charles L. C. Minor died in Albemarle County, Virginia on July 13, 1903. ","Edward P. Harmon was born in Maine around 1844. A resident of New Gloucester, he joined the Union Army, enlisting as a private in Company E of the 5th Maine Infantry in 1861. He is listed as a musician within a roster of units serving at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1865, Harmon married Emma Frances Tobey (1841-1929) in Gardiner, Maine, where the couple would continue to live, with Edward Harmon employed as a machinist. In 1883, Harmon filed for a veteran's invalid pension. He died in 1888. Census records indicate that the Harmons had no children who survived to adulthood.","The 5th Maine Infantry was organized in Portland, Maine and mustered into Federal service on June 24, 1861. Less than a month later, the regiment was participating in the First Battle of Bull Run. The 5th remained in the Washington D.C. area through March 1862, maintaining defenses. Ordered to the Virginia Peninsula on April 22, the regiment participated in the siege of Yorktown and the Seven Days Battles, then remained at Harrison's Landing before participating the retreat and returning to northern Virginia in August. Later that fall, it participated in the battles of Antietam and Fredericksburg before settling into winter quarters. In 1863, the regiment participated in the Chancellorsville Campaign and the Battle of Gettysburg. 1864 found the 5th Maine again in eastern Virginia, as it participated in several battles, including the Wilderness, Spotsylvania Court House, North Anna and Cold Harbor. The regiment was mustered out at the end of its three-year term of service on July 27, 1864."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection, Ms2008-081, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection, Ms2008-081, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Charles L. C. Minor Cash Book and Edward P. Harmon Civil War Diary Collection commenced and was completed in October 2008."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVT Special Collections and University Archives also has the \u003ca actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2897.oai_ead.xml\" show=\"new\"\u003eCharles L. C. Minor Annotated \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln\u003c/title\u003e, Ms2013-057\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following are in the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\nMinor, Charles L. C. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries\u003c/title\u003e. 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Historical Society Papers\u003c/title\u003e 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSee the \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://catalog.huntington.org/record=b1553200\"\u003eMinor Family Papers, 1787-1906\u003c/a\u003e at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Library of Virginia holds a \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi00499.xml\"\u003emicrofilm copy of the collection\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["VT Special Collections and University Archives also has the Charles L. C. Minor Annotated The Real Lincoln , Ms2013-057 .","The following are in the Rare Book Collection:","\nMinor, Charles L. C. The Real Lincoln: from the testimony of his contemporaries . 2nd ed., rev. and enl. (Richmond, Va.: E. Waddey Co., 1904). E457 M66 1904 Civil War Spec \n \nMinor, Charles L. C. \"The old system of slavery, its compensations and contrasts to the present labor conditions.\" Southern Historical Society Papers 30(1902): 125-129. E483.7 S76 v. 30 Civil War Spec \n","See the Minor Family Papers, 1787-1906 at Robert Alonzo Brock Collection, Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California. ","The Library of Virginia holds a microfilm copy of the collection ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026amp; discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026amp; worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a cash book maintained by Confederate Captain Charles L. C. Minor from 1860 to 1864. Also contained within the cash book's pages are diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon (5th Maine Infantry) during May and June, 1864. Research materials on the two soldiers (including photocopies of maps, muster rolls, census records, and an image of Harmon) and a complete photocopy of the piece are also included. "," The small volume of 68 pages, bearing on its spine the embossment \"cash book,\" was retained for its intended use by Captain Minor, its original owner, to carefully record personal expenditures and savings. Minor's records commence with November 6, 1860 and end on May 4, 1864. In recording these financial transactions, Minor provides details regarding his daily whereabouts and activities. He records meal and travel purchases, as well as amounts paid to individual servants, expenses for personal and household items, services, and military gear. Also recorded within the book are Minor's bank transactions for 1861-1862, a list of silver wedding gifts received by Fanny Cazenove Minor, and a list of stocks and bonds held by Minor. ","The cash book was among materials seized by Federal troops in the act of destroying the rail line and depot at Hewletts Station, Virginia on May 25, 1864, and came into the possession of Private Harmon, who used it as a diary. (As the first diary entry predates the volume's capture by three weeks, we may surmise that the early entries were made retrospectively or that they were copied from another book.) Harmon's first entry, for May 2, finds his regiment having just crossed the Hazel River and preparing to cross the Rapidan. Soon, Harmon describes fearful, endless shelling by \"cast iron hummingbirds\" during the Battle of the Wilderness. Harmon briefly mentions African American troops, Confederate prisoners of war, and camp rumors. As the regiment marches toward Spotsylvania Court House, Harmon mentions a fire in which many wounded soldiers were killed. He describes heavy fighting and losses at Spotsylvania and at one point questions the actions of the Brigade commander. As his regiment endures battles at North Anna and Cold Harbor, Harmon describes the morale of his comrades (\"very much broken up they are tired heartsick \u0026 discouraged\") and himself (\"sick, tired \u0026 worn out too night this is our 9th day of slaughter\"). Many of the entries center on his brigade's movements and preparations for battles that often fail to materialize. Harmon's diary entries end with June 3, 1864. Following the June 3 entry is a gap, indicating the removal of several pages, and a page of wartime accounts held by Harmon and I. F. Goodwin.","The volume also contains two botanical samples, one of which appears to be a collection of four-leaved clovers, tipped into the first two pages. "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use","Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor (Box 1, Folder 5) must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","The copyright status of the remaineder of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Permission to publish the image of Charles L. C. Minor must be obtained from the current owner. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_8eebea1a1bb721fec1902912eeacfffb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains a Civil War-era cash book of Captain Charles L. C. Minor, Confederate Army ordnance officer and first president of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1879). Also contains diary entries of Union Army Private Edward P. Harmon, 5th Maine Infantry, for May-June 1864. Accompanied by research materials on the two soldiers (including maps, muster rolls, and pension notes) and a complete photocopy of the cash book/diary."],"names_coll_ssim":["Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)"],"persname_ssim":["Harmon, Edward P., c.1844-1888","Minor, Charles L. C., 1835-1903"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:15.856Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2402"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Newtin Denison Letter","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Denison, Charles Newtin","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Letter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1830.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Denison, Charles Newtin, Letter","title_ssm":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.020"],"text":["Ms.1991.020","Charles Newtin Denison Letter","The collection is open to research.","Charles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta.","The guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022.","This collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Denison, Charles Newtin","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creator_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creators_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Newtin Denison Letter was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1991."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Newtin Denison Letter, Ms1991-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Newtin Denison Letter, Ms1991-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b21dcd138bad232b140d467b5ef3880f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Denison, Charles Newtin"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:26:11.142Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1830.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Denison, Charles Newtin, Letter","title_ssm":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"title_tesim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["1861"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1991.020"],"text":["Ms.1991.020","Charles Newtin Denison Letter","The collection is open to research.","Charles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta.","The guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022.","This collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Letter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Denison, Charles Newtin","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1991.020"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Newtin Denison Letter"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creator_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"creators_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Newtin Denison Letter was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1991."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles N. Denison was born in Middlesex County, Connecticut, on September 15, 1836. The 1850 federal census lists a 13-year-old Charles N. Denison in the Middlesex County home of Charles and Azubah Denison. At the age of 18, Denison moved to Bloomington, Illinois, then to Macon County, where he taught school for a few years and studied medicine under Dr. W. J. Chenoweth of Decatur. Around 1861, Denison completed a two-year course at the Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. On October 15, 1862, he joined the 8th Illinois Infantry as second assistant surgeon and was later promoted to regimental surgeon, a position in which he served through the end of the American Civil War. Following the war, Denison returned to Illinois and practiced medicine in Cerro Gordo. In 1867, he married Drusilla A. Ellis (1843-1886); the couple moved to Newberg, Illinois, and had one son. Later, the Denisons moved to Argenta, then, in 1881, to Decatur. Following the death of his wife, Denison returned to Argenta, where he retired from medical practice and took up farming. He married Mary McNeal (1858-1916) and in 1907, he retired from farming, as well. Charles Denison died in Argenta on July 25, 1910, and was buried in Friends Creek Cemetery, Argenta."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Newtin Denison Letter by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Newtin Denison Letter, Ms1991-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Newtin Denison Letter, Ms1991-020, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing and arrangement of the Charles Newtin Denison Letter commenced and was completed in October, 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of a single, four-page letter written by Charles Newtin Denison, a student at Cincinnati College of Medicine and Surgery. Written on Union patriotic stationery, the letter is dated Cincinnati, Ohio, December 22, 1861, and is addressed to \"Brother Willmore.\" Denison writes that he is busy with the second course of classes in medical school and notes that his is a \"fine looking class of young men\" with \"not a drunken one in the class.\" Denison writes briefly of the class's experiences in dissecting cadavers, and he reports seeing many operations performed, including a recent one in which chloroform was employed. He concludes with a few words about the upcoming Christmas vacation, writing that he \"will not have time to get tite [sic]\" as he will be working on his thesis."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_b21dcd138bad232b140d467b5ef3880f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLetter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Letter from Charles Newtin Denison, a medical student in Cincinnati, Ohio, addressed to his brother Willmore and focusing on his activities in medical school."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Denison, Charles Newtin"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Denison, Charles Newtin"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:26:11.142Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1830"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Heilig, Vicki","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_326.xml","title_ssm":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"title_tesim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1861-1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Art.328"],"text":["Art.328","Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heilig, Vicki","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["Art.328"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"collection_ssim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creator_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creators_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.9 square feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.9 square feet"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heilig, Vicki"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"persname_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:43.826Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_326.xml","title_ssm":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"title_tesim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1861-1865"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c.1861-1865"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Art.328"],"text":["Art.328","Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heilig, Vicki","English \n. "],"unitid_tesim":["Art.328"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"collection_ssim":["Charleston Mercury Extra: The Union is Dissolved!"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creator_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"creators_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3.9 square feet"],"extent_tesim":["3.9 square feet"],"date_range_isim":[1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Heilig, Vicki"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"persname_ssim":["Heilig, Vicki"],"language_ssim":["English \n. "],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:08:43.826Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_326"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Crush Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1403.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crush, Charles W., Papers","title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1984.180"],"text":["Ms.1984.180","Charles W. Crush Collection","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.","Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.","The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.","This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]","Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1984.180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creators_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles W. Crush Collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eI. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5a18a243c9481432964d7622a928b16e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:30.659Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1403.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Crush, Charles W., Papers","title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1796-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1796-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1984.180"],"text":["Ms.1984.180","Charles W. Crush Collection","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","The collection is open to research.","I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.","Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.","The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.","This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]","Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1984.180"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Crush Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"creators_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles W. Crush Collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 1984."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eI. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eII. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIII. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eV. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eVII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["I. Montgomery County Records, 1796-1886, n.d. This series contains early tax records, including lists of tithables, delinquencies and insolvents compiled by commissioners of revenue and deputy sheriffs James and John Hoge, Thomas Henry, James Barnett, James Rayburn and William Rutlage. The series also contains a number of early records relating to the county court's payments on accounts and claims, most notably for work done on the courthouse and jail. From the latter nineteenth century, the series contains a tax receipt book from the Blacksburg district (dated 1884) and a small set of records from the county's overseer of the poor, including recommendations for assistance signed by overseer George W. L. Kabrick and account statements from local businesses. Materials are arranged by type, then chronologically.","II. Altizer Family Papers, 1900-1937 The Altizer Family Papers consist of three letters: two written by E. Wesley Altizer from Middlecreek, Illinois to relatives in Virginia (1900), and one written by Jacob Altizer of Christiansburg to Lila Altizer of Roanoke (1937). The letters are arranged chronologically.","III. Sullivan Family Papers, 1872-1895, n.d. This series contains papers of Christiansburg's Sullivan family and consists largely of receipts and tax records. Mentioned within the papers are Arthur O., C. W., Eugenia V., Mary Maude, Thomas E. and William Sullivan. Arranged chronologically. (For more on the Sullivans, see Ms56-001 - Sullivan Family Papers.)","IV. Politics, 1921-1936, n.d. This series contains correspondence and printed materials relating to both local and statewide campaigns. Included are numerous items (correspondence and printed material) concerning Clifton A. Woodrum's 1922 congressional campaign, sample ballots and Democratic Party printed matter. Arranged chronologically.","V. Military, 1918-1946, n.d. The Military series includes materials relating mostly to local involvement in the Civil War and both world wars. The Civil War materials include typescript rosters for local units and correspondence, forms and notes relating to grave markers of Confederate veterans. World War I items include a list of Montgomery County veterans, as well as official records and rosters of Company A, 314th Machine Gun Battalion (with which Crush and many other Southwest Virginia men served). Also filed here are printed materials regarding the American Legion, founded by World War I veterans. World War II materials include a list (with accompanying materials) of Montgomery Countians killed in the war and papers of Company 161, Virginia Reserve Militia. The series is arranged sequentially by war, then chronologically.","VI. Local History, 1880-1970, n.d This series contains various materials relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. Included are typescript and printed articles (written by Crush and others) on early Montgomery County history, a file of printed materials regarding the Lee Highway opening celebration (1926) and the roadway's historic background, and records of the steering committee for Christiansburg's 150th anniversary celebration (1957). Materials are loosely arranged by historical time period, with a file of newsclippings relating to various local history topics and periods completing the series.","VII. General Materials, 1886-1978, n.d. This small set of materials includes an invitation to an 1886 Athenaean Literary Society event at King College (Bristol, Tennessee), a photograph of Christiansburg's Montgomery Male Academy, correspondence--mostly regarding army extension courses taken by Crush--and newsclippings related to Judge and Mrs. Crush and others. Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJudge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCrush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wade Crush, Montgomery County judge, historian and civic leader, was born in Christiansburg, Virginia, around 1894; he earned his degree in law from Washington and Lee University in 1913. He later attended the University of Texas and practiced law in Texas for a short time before returning to Christiansburg. During World War II, Crush served with the 314th Machine Gun Battalion. (Crush's interest in military affairs would continue throughout his life, serving as commander of the Virginia Department of the American Legion and as an officer in Company 161 of the Virginia Reserve Militia.) From 1923 to 1935, Crush served as commonwealth's attorney. He later served as Christiansburg postmaster for 10 years and as judge of the county court from 1948 until his retirement in 1963. Crush died on March 18, 1970.","Judge Crush maintained an interest in local history and civic matters throughout his career. He wrote numerous articles on Montgomery County history for the county newspaper and served as chairman of the Montgomery County Jamestown Festival Committee in 1957. As a director of the Montgomery County branch of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Crush was instrumental in the preservation of Smithfield Plantation. His interest in local history culminated in the publication of his book, The Montgomery County Story, 1776-1957; and is represented in the posthumous work Montgomery County, Virginia: the First Hundred Years (1982). Through the American Legion, Crush is also credited with the founding of Virginia Boys' State.","Crush's wife, Eliza Clay Allen Crush, was born in Bland County, Virginia, in 1898. She attended Virginia Tech, and later passed the Virginia bar exam. Like Judge Crush, Mrs. Crush also maintained an active interest in local affairs. She served as the Christiansburg correspondent for the Roanoke Times for 25 years and is credited with founding Girls' State at Radford College (now Radford University). She served as acting Christiansburg postmaster during World War II and as assistant Christiansburg postmaster for six years prior to her death in 1966."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Crush Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Crush Collection, Ms1984-180, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Crush Collection commenced and was completed in November 2002."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains county records, correspondence and printed materials collected by Judge Charles W. Crush relating to the history of Christiansburg and Montgomery County. The Crush collection is divided among the following series: County Records, Altizer Family Papers, Sullivan Family Papers, Politics, Military, Local History, and General Materials.","The County Records series contains tax records dating back to the late eighteenth century, a few scattered court records from the early nineteenth century, and records of the Montgomery County overseer of the poor from the late nineteenth century. The Altizer Family Papers consist of a three items of personal correspondence, while the Sullivan Family Papers contain receipts and tax records from the latter nineteenth century. The collection also contains a small file of materials relating to state and local politics during the 1920s and 1930s. Crush's involvement in recording and preserving local history is revealed in both the Military and Local History series, the former containing rosters and notes on local units, the latter including typescripts and printed materials on a variety of subjects relating to early Montgomery County history. A small set of general materials includes personal papers, ephemera and a photograph of Montgomery Male Academy.","[see also Oversize Materials]","[see also Oversize Materials]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeveral books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Several books were transferred from the collection to the Rare Book Collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5a18a243c9481432964d7622a928b16e\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This is a collection of materials related to various aspects of the history of Montgomery County, Virginia, including early county records, papers of the Altizer and Sullivan families, materials related to twentieth-century county politics and the county's role in the Civil War and World Wars I and II. Also includes writings and subject files on topics in local history and a small set of general materials."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Crush, Charles W., 1894(?)-1970"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:30.659Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1403"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Hardin Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creators_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. 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The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are written in English."],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. 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Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. 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Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. 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","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4004.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Hardin, Charles W., Collection","title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1883"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1883"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2022.062"],"text":["Ms.2022.062","Charles W. Hardin Collection","Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)","African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters","The collection is open for research.","The items in this collection are arranged by material type.","Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover .","The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899","The materials in this collection are written in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2022.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Hardin Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"creators_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"places_ssim":["Augusta County (Va.)","Rockbridge County (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.3 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Letters"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe items in this collection are arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The items in this collection are arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nSource: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\"\u003ehttps://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026amp;gbpv=1\u0026amp;dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026amp;pg=RA1-PA95\u0026amp;printsec=frontcover\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles W. Hardin was born c. 1823 in Augusta County, Virginia. He studied medicine at University of Virginia and continued studies in Philadelphia, and by 1848, he practiced medicine in his home county. Some time after 1860, he moved to Summers, Rockbridge County, Virginia, where he sold general goods. He continued practicing medicine after the Civil War but expressed dismay over the decline of paying clients in postwar rural Virginia. He and his wife had several children, including a daughter named Minta Hardin and a son named Willie. Hardin died in 1899 at the age of eighty-five.","\nSource: ","1850 United States Census, District 2 and A Half, Augusta, Virginia; Roll: 934; Page: 435b. Ancestry.com Database. ","Maryland Medical Journal, a Weekly Journal of Medicine and Surgery. Volume XL, no. 1 (1898): 95. https://www.google.com/books/edition/Maryland_Medical_Journal/0x2gAAAAMAAJ?hl=en\u0026gbpv=1\u0026dq=charles+w+hardin\u0026pg=RA1-PA95\u0026printsec=frontcover ."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles W. Hardin Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles W. Hardin Collection, 1847-1890, Ms2022-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Charles W. Hardin Collection was completed in October 2022."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia. It includes two ledgers with notes related to patients Hardin treated, including enslaved people prior to the American Civil War. It also includes letters to family members and attorneys. Topics discussed include family health, financial troubles for physicians in Virginia after the Civil War, and an ongoing property dispute following the sale of his mother's land during the Civil War. The collection also includes two poems and a drafted debate response defending the importance of women's education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e8f02243ec1a340ebd13667a5e2af0eb\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains professional records and personal correspondence of Charles W. Hardin, a physician from Augusta County, Virginia."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Hardin, Charles W., c. 1823-1899"],"language_ssim":["The materials in this collection are written in English."],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:21:42.755Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4004_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles Woodson Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2210.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woodson, Charles, Collection","title_ssm":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1814-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1814-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2002.014"],"text":["Ms.2002.014","Charles Woodson Collection","10.5 linear inches","The collection is without restrictions.","Manuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.","Scrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.","Miscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap.","Charles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.","Woodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.","Charles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.","Charles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.","Bradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.","Woodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991.","The guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.","The orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.","The eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.","The scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.","The collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2002.014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creator_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creators_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection was purchased from Carmen Valentino Rare Books and Manuscripts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in April 2002. A handwritten note in the orderly book dated July 16, 1943 indicates that it was found in a trunk inside \"Prospect,\" an old Woodson family home in Prince Edward County, Virginia, ca. 1939. The names Nannie W. Venable and Nathaniel B. Venable are inscribed in the front of the book."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["10.5 linear inches"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Manuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.","Scrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.","Miscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWoodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWoodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Sources"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.","Woodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.","Charles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.","Charles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.","Bradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.","Woodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection, Ms2002-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection, Ms2002-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.","The orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.","The eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.","The scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.","The collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fe758f25e44e11f68ff4f439ba61103b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:16:30.532Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2210.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woodson, Charles, Collection","title_ssm":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"title_tesim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1814-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1814-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2002.014"],"text":["Ms.2002.014","Charles Woodson Collection","10.5 linear inches","The collection is without restrictions.","Manuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.","Scrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.","Miscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap.","Charles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.","Woodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.","Charles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.","Charles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.","Bradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.","Woodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991.","The guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.","The orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.","The eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.","The scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.","The collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2002.014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Charles Woodson Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creator_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"creators_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection was purchased from Carmen Valentino Rare Books and Manuscripts, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in April 2002. A handwritten note in the orderly book dated July 16, 1943 indicates that it was found in a trunk inside \"Prospect,\" an old Woodson family home in Prince Edward County, Virginia, ca. 1939. The names Nannie W. Venable and Nathaniel B. Venable are inscribed in the front of the book."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["10.5 linear inches"],"extent_ssm":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.2 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"date_range_isim":[1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eScrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMiscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Manuscript Orderly Book, 1814-1820: Brigade, batallion, regiment, and general orders for the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Prince Edward County, Virginia Militia. The series also contains Charles Woodson's account of rations for the \"8th Regiment, 2nd Battalion in the 8th Regiment 4th Brigade, Virginia Militia\" while stationed at Camp Carters near Richmond in the fall of 1814 and a \"Memorandum of various incidents etcetera of Charles Woodson major from the 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment called into service of the state August 1814,\" a record of money spent for daily rations for the battalion while in service at Camp Carters. Included are a record of payments made to a physician for services rendered to two soldiers who died in the infirmary and payments for ammunitions delivered. The orders are in the front of the book. They do not always follow chronological order. The other materials were entered in the back of the book, upside down.","Scrapbook, ca. 1852-ca. 1861: Newspaper clippings of poetry, religious writings, essays on manners and morals, illustrations, historical sketches, and accounts of the first battles of the Civil War, probably kept by Nannie Venable, granddaughter of Charles Woodson.","Miscellaneous, 1804-1836, n.d. : Scraps of paper that contain accounts and receipts and militia orders, and a handmade lace cap."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWoodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCharles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWoodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Sources"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Woodson (1781-1838) was born and reared in Prince Edward County. He was s commissioned a captain in the Virginia Militia, Prince Edward County in 1803 and a colonel in 1818. His battalion was called into service in August 1814 and traveled to Tappahannock, then camped at a place he refers to as Camp Carters, near Richmond, probably from 30 August 1814 to 28 December 1814.","Woodson served in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1811-1812 and was a member of the Prince Edward County Republican Committee of Correspondence in 1816 and the Jackson Committee of Correspondence and Vigilance in 1827, and sheriff of Prince Edward County in 1837. He was known for his agricultural experimentation and contributed to the Farmers Register, an agricultural journal. He died at his home in Prince Edward County in 1838.","Charles Woodson married Nancy Jackson about 1803 and they had six children, only one of whom married and had children. Mary Thompson Woodson, the eldest child, married Nathaniel Venable, whose name is inscribed in the Woodson ledger. They, in turn, had two daughters, Nannie B. Venable, whose name is also inscribed in the ledger, and Mollie Venable the only grandchildren of Charles Woodson and Nancy Jackson.","Charles Woodsons' parents were Tarleton Woodson, who was born in 1754 in Henrico County, and Anne Van Der Veer of Long Island, New York. Tarleton Woodson was a major in the Continental Army during the Revolution and a British prisoner of war on Long Island, where he met his wife. After the war they settled in Prince Edward County and had two sons, Charles and Tarleton. In 1794 Tarleton Woodson (senior) was married a second time, to Anne Friend.","Bradshaw, Herbert Clarence. History of Prince Edward County, Virginia (Richmond, Va: The Dietz Press), 1955.","Woodson, Henry Morton. Historical Genealogy of the Woodsons and their Connections, Vol. 1, supplement 1990 by Grace Woodson Curd. Printed in Roanoke, Virginia, 1991."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection, Ms2002-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection, Ms2002-014, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Charles Woodson Manuscript Collection consists of a manuscript orderly book, 50 scrapbook pages of newspaper clippings, eight loose manuscript pages, and an early handmade lace cap.","The orderly book dates from 1814 to 1820. It contains battalion and regiment orders, records of the commissions and resignations of officers, including the commissioning of William Venable, records of expenditures for medical care and arms for the battalion, and an account of provisions purchased for the battalion while it was encamped at a location he refers to as \"Camp Carters, near Richmond.\" It contains information about daily camp life for a militia batallion called to duty during the war of 1812 and the administration of a unit of the Virginia militia.","The eight loose manuscript pages contain regimental orders from 1815 and miscellaneous accounts and receipts from the period 1804 to 1836.","The scrapbook pages consist of 50 pages of newspaper clippings that were probably kept by Nannie W. Venable, Charles Woodson's granddaughter, whose name is inscribed in the front of the book. They include historical accounts of Revolutionary war battles, contemporary of accounts of early Civil War battles, poetry, and articles on religion and manners.","The collection also includes a handmade lace cap that may have belonged to someone in the Woodson or Venable families."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_fe758f25e44e11f68ff4f439ba61103b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes a manuscript orderly book kept by Major Charles Woodson, 2nd Battalion, 63rd Regiment, Virginia Militia, from 1814 to 1820, scrapbook of newspaper clippings ca. 1852-1861, miscellaneous accounts and receipts, and an early handmade lace cap."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Woodson, Charles, 1781-1838"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:16:30.532Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2210"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","value":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","hits":1423},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"15th Virginia Infantry History","value":"15th Virginia Infantry History","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=15th+Virginia+Infantry+History\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"17th Precinct (The Bowery), New York City Police Blotter,","value":"17th Precinct (The Bowery), New York City Police Blotter,","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=17th+Precinct+%28The+Bowery%29%2C+New+York+City+Police+Blotter%2C\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"42nd Virginia Infantry Muster and Descriptive Roll","value":"42nd Virginia Infantry Muster and Descriptive Roll","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=42nd+Virginia+Infantry+Muster+and+Descriptive+Roll\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A New Bird's Eye View of the Seat of War","value":"A New Bird's Eye View of the Seat of War","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=A+New+Bird%27s+Eye+View+of+the+Seat+of+War\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University"}},{"attributes":{"label":"A. 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