{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1856\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1856\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04694_c91","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Item dated 1820/1865","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04694_c91#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vi_vi04694_c91","ref_ssm":["vi_vi04694_c91"],"id":"vi_vi04694_c91","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04694","_root_":"vi_vi04694","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04694","parent_ssi":"vi_vi04694","parent_ssim":["vi_vi04694"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vi_vi04694"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"text":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869","Item dated 1820/1865","box 9","folder 3"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1820-1865 [Oversize]"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1820/1865"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Item dated 1820/1865"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"date_range_isim":[1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865],"containers_ssim":["box 9","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#90","timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:52:55.685Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04694","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04694","_root_":"vi_vi04694","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04694","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04694.xml","title_ssm":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869\n"],"title_tesim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["APA 131\n"],"text":["APA 131\n","Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869","This collection is arranged chronologically.","On 15 December 1796 the General Assembly approved the purchase of land for the construction of \"a gaol and penitentiary house.\" Thomas Jefferson submitted plans for the institution based on prisons that he had seen in France, but these were not accepted. The General Assembly authorized a design competition and selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe to be the architect. Although inmates first entered the penitentiary in 1800, the structure was not completed until 1804.","In 1823 fire destroyed the interior of the penitentiary. Rebuilding began at once. New buildings were added and a wall was constructed around the perimeter of the facility. In 1833, however, Alexis de Touqueville called the penitentiary \"one of the bad prisons of the United States.\" The physical plant survived the Civil War, although the inmates looted and pillaged it during the Confederate army's evacuation of Richmond on 2-3 April 1865. After the war, new construction began to replace the Latrobe structure, and the last of the old buildings was demolished in 1928.","During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, inmates labored under a contract system and produced goods for sale by private firms. The penitentiary employed a series of agents across the state whose duties included selling the goods manufactured at the penitentiary and providing travel money to discharged inmates. Not all of the manufactured goods from the penitentiary were sold; clothing and household items of penitentiary manufacture were donated to the state mental hospitals at Williamsburg and Staunton.","Records, 1798-1869, including accounts, correspondence, receipts, vouchers, and warrants of the Virginia Penitentiary submitted to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The collection is arranged chronologically in nine boxes, with oversize materials arranged at the end. The bulk of the records relate to the purchase of food and supplies for prisoners, the building and expansion of the Penitentiary, and the sale of articles built by inmates. ","The records include accounts of rations furnished prisoners; invoices of materials purchased for the penitentiary; salaries paid to employees; bills for prisoner medical care; correspondence from Virginia governors ordering cash advances for discharged prisoners for travelling expenses; reports and resolutions from the Board of Directors; and lists of materials produced at the Penitentiary and sent to state mental hospitals. Also included are accounts of goods manufactured at the penitentiary and sold by agents throughout the state. The inmates made a variety of products for sale including shoes, nails, twine, horse collars, coats, and spikes, among others.","Of note are records, 1798-1800, detailing the costs of building the Penitentiary, from purchasing bricks, lime, and planks, to payments to contractors and construction workers. Included are accounts of payments to Benjamin Henry Latrobe for his travel expenses and salary for designing the structure. Also included are records detailing additions and repairs to the Penitentiary as well as the purchase of furniture for the facility. ","For additional records please see: Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970), LVA Accession 41558.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["APA 131\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"collection_title_tesim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"collection_ssim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts - Virginia Penitentiary Records, \n 1798-1869"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts\n"],"creator_ssim":["Virginia Auditor of Public Accounts\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Transferred from the Auditor of Public Accounts in 1913.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.2 cu. ft. (9 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["4.2 cu. ft. (9 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn 15 December 1796 the General Assembly approved the purchase of land for the construction of \"a gaol and penitentiary house.\" Thomas Jefferson submitted plans for the institution based on prisons that he had seen in France, but these were not accepted. The General Assembly authorized a design competition and selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe to be the architect. Although inmates first entered the penitentiary in 1800, the structure was not completed until 1804.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1823 fire destroyed the interior of the penitentiary. Rebuilding began at once. New buildings were added and a wall was constructed around the perimeter of the facility. In 1833, however, Alexis de Touqueville called the penitentiary \"one of the bad prisons of the United States.\" The physical plant survived the Civil War, although the inmates looted and pillaged it during the Confederate army's evacuation of Richmond on 2-3 April 1865. After the war, new construction began to replace the Latrobe structure, and the last of the old buildings was demolished in 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, inmates labored under a contract system and produced goods for sale by private firms. The penitentiary employed a series of agents across the state whose duties included selling the goods manufactured at the penitentiary and providing travel money to discharged inmates. Not all of the manufactured goods from the penitentiary were sold; clothing and household items of penitentiary manufacture were donated to the state mental hospitals at Williamsburg and Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On 15 December 1796 the General Assembly approved the purchase of land for the construction of \"a gaol and penitentiary house.\" Thomas Jefferson submitted plans for the institution based on prisons that he had seen in France, but these were not accepted. The General Assembly authorized a design competition and selected Benjamin Henry Latrobe to be the architect. Although inmates first entered the penitentiary in 1800, the structure was not completed until 1804.","In 1823 fire destroyed the interior of the penitentiary. Rebuilding began at once. New buildings were added and a wall was constructed around the perimeter of the facility. In 1833, however, Alexis de Touqueville called the penitentiary \"one of the bad prisons of the United States.\" The physical plant survived the Civil War, although the inmates looted and pillaged it during the Confederate army's evacuation of Richmond on 2-3 April 1865. After the war, new construction began to replace the Latrobe structure, and the last of the old buildings was demolished in 1928.","During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, inmates labored under a contract system and produced goods for sale by private firms. The penitentiary employed a series of agents across the state whose duties included selling the goods manufactured at the penitentiary and providing travel money to discharged inmates. Not all of the manufactured goods from the penitentiary were sold; clothing and household items of penitentiary manufacture were donated to the state mental hospitals at Williamsburg and Staunton."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords, 1798-1869, including accounts, correspondence, receipts, vouchers, and warrants of the Virginia Penitentiary submitted to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The collection is arranged chronologically in nine boxes, with oversize materials arranged at the end. The bulk of the records relate to the purchase of food and supplies for prisoners, the building and expansion of the Penitentiary, and the sale of articles built by inmates. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe records include accounts of rations furnished prisoners; invoices of materials purchased for the penitentiary; salaries paid to employees; bills for prisoner medical care; correspondence from Virginia governors ordering cash advances for discharged prisoners for travelling expenses; reports and resolutions from the Board of Directors; and lists of materials produced at the Penitentiary and sent to state mental hospitals. Also included are accounts of goods manufactured at the penitentiary and sold by agents throughout the state. The inmates made a variety of products for sale including shoes, nails, twine, horse collars, coats, and spikes, among others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are records, 1798-1800, detailing the costs of building the Penitentiary, from purchasing bricks, lime, and planks, to payments to contractors and construction workers. Included are accounts of payments to Benjamin Henry Latrobe for his travel expenses and salary for designing the structure. Also included are records detailing additions and repairs to the Penitentiary as well as the purchase of furniture for the facility. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor additional records please see: Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970), LVA Accession 41558.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records, 1798-1869, including accounts, correspondence, receipts, vouchers, and warrants of the Virginia Penitentiary submitted to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The collection is arranged chronologically in nine boxes, with oversize materials arranged at the end. The bulk of the records relate to the purchase of food and supplies for prisoners, the building and expansion of the Penitentiary, and the sale of articles built by inmates. ","The records include accounts of rations furnished prisoners; invoices of materials purchased for the penitentiary; salaries paid to employees; bills for prisoner medical care; correspondence from Virginia governors ordering cash advances for discharged prisoners for travelling expenses; reports and resolutions from the Board of Directors; and lists of materials produced at the Penitentiary and sent to state mental hospitals. Also included are accounts of goods manufactured at the penitentiary and sold by agents throughout the state. The inmates made a variety of products for sale including shoes, nails, twine, horse collars, coats, and spikes, among others.","Of note are records, 1798-1800, detailing the costs of building the Penitentiary, from purchasing bricks, lime, and planks, to payments to contractors and construction workers. Included are accounts of payments to Benjamin Henry Latrobe for his travel expenses and salary for designing the structure. Also included are records detailing additions and repairs to the Penitentiary as well as the purchase of furniture for the facility. ","For additional records please see: Records of the Virginia Penitentiary, 1796-1991 (bulk 1906-1970), LVA Accession 41558."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":91,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:52:55.685Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04694_c91"}},{"id":"vi_vi06373","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06373#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06373#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThese minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings. They include order of business; bills and resolutions introduced or acted upon; notations of correspondence, reports, and petitions read; ballots counted; appointments; and additional summaries of legislative action. The library has minute books for 1776-1860, 1900-1973 and 1975-1977. Volumes are also referred to as Order books. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06373#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06373","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06373","_root_":"vi_vi06373","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06373","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06373.xml","title_ssm":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"title_tesim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1860, 1900-1977."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1860, 1900-1977."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566"],"text":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566","Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,","95 v.","The House of Delegates' predecessor, the House of Burgesses, was modeled after the House of Commons, in Parliament. The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill.","These minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings.  They include order of business; bills and resolutions introduced or acted upon; notations of correspondence, reports, and petitions read; ballots counted; appointments; and additional summaries of legislative action. The library has minute books for 1776-1860, 1900-1973 and 1975-1977.  Volumes are also referred to as Order books.\n"],"unitid_tesim":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"collection_ssim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. 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The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The House of Delegates' predecessor, the House of Burgesses, was modeled after the House of Commons, in Parliament. The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings.  They include order of business; bills and resolutions introduced or acted upon; notations of correspondence, reports, and petitions read; ballots counted; appointments; and additional summaries of legislative action. The library has minute books for 1776-1860, 1900-1973 and 1975-1977.  Volumes are also referred to as Order books.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["These minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings.  They include order of business; bills and resolutions introduced or acted upon; notations of correspondence, reports, and petitions read; ballots counted; appointments; and additional summaries of legislative action. The library has minute books for 1776-1860, 1900-1973 and 1975-1977.  Volumes are also referred to as Order books.\n"],"total_component_count_is":104,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:40:10.200Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06373","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06373","_root_":"vi_vi06373","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06373","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06373.xml","title_ssm":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"title_tesim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1776-1860, 1900-1977."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1776-1860, 1900-1977."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566"],"text":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566","Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,","95 v.","The House of Delegates' predecessor, the House of Burgesses, was modeled after the House of Commons, in Parliament. The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill.","These minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings.  They include order of business; bills and resolutions introduced or acted upon; notations of correspondence, reports, and petitions read; ballots counted; appointments; and additional summaries of legislative action. The library has minute books for 1776-1860, 1900-1973 and 1975-1977.  Volumes are also referred to as Order books.\n"],"unitid_tesim":["25579, 27646, 28146, 35166, 35167, 35168, 35169, 37566"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"collection_ssim":["Minutes of the Virginia House of Delegates,"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates."],"creator_ssim":["Virginia. General Assembly. House of Delegates."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accession 35166 transferred prior to 1905; accessioned 1997 Oct 22.","Accession 35167 transferred c. 1937; accessioned 1997 Oct 22.","Accession 35168 transferred c. 1950; accessioned 1997 Oct 22.","Accession 25579 transferred 1962 June 8.","Accession 35169 transferred c. 1960; accessioned 1997 Oct 22.","Accession 27646 transferred 1971 Oct 20.","Accession 28146 transferred 1973 Nov 27.","Accession 37566 transferred 2000 Aug 15."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 v."],"date_range_isim":[1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe House of Delegates' predecessor, the House of Burgesses, was modeled after the House of Commons, in Parliament. The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The House of Delegates' predecessor, the House of Burgesses, was modeled after the House of Commons, in Parliament. The House of Burgesses existed from 1643 to 1776. The first session of the General Assembly, which took place in 1776, established the first constitution and made the House of Delegates the most powerful branch in state government. It was not until the constitution of 1851 was adopted that a more equitable balance among the branches of government was established. In the General Assembly, members of the House of Delegates and the Senate vote on legislation entered during the legislative session. Legislative bills can originate either in the House of Delegates or in the Senate, with both chambers having the ability to establish study committees. Each serves as a check upon the other to ensure a thorough debate on the merits of each bill."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese minute books document the daily recording of House of Delegates proceedings.  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