{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=4","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=3","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=5","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Polytechnic+Institute+and+State+University\u0026page=62"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":4,"next_page":5,"prev_page":3,"total_pages":62,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":30,"total_count":619,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2826.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Horn, Asa F. Account Book and Family Correspondence","title_ssm":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"title_tesim":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.072"],"text":["Ms.2012.072","Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,","Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type. The correspondence is in chronological order.","The Horn family lived in Acton, Maine, predating the 1790s. In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012.","The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill.","Permission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horn, Asa F. 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In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Horn family lived in Acton, Maine, predating the 1790s. In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence, Ms2012-071, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence, Ms2012-071, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e03f7489a19bbef7792972a4b92e330\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:33:02.120Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2826.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Horn, Asa F. Account Book and Family Correspondence","title_ssm":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"title_tesim":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2012.072"],"text":["Ms.2012.072","Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,","Collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type. The correspondence is in chronological order.","The Horn family lived in Acton, Maine, predating the 1790s. In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill.","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012.","The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill.","Permission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.","The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B.","English \n.    "],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2012.072"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"collection_title_tesim":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"collection_ssim":["Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence,"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"creator_ssim":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"creators_ssim":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was acquired by Special Collections prior to 2009."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type. The correspondence is in chronological order.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type. The correspondence is in chronological order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Horn family lived in Acton, Maine, predating the 1790s. In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Horn family lived in Acton, Maine, predating the 1790s. In 1790, the family opened up Acton's first saw mill, and in 1830 they started up an additional grist mill."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence, Ms2012-071, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence, Ms2012-071, Special Collections, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence was completed in November 2012."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman\" (perhaps Asa F.?) All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.  The letter (1861) from Emma Horn was dictated by a John, mentioned along with Freeman in the first of the Ricker letters, and discusses his illness and ongoings at their mill. In the Ricker letters (1860), Joel writes to Gilman about happenings in the town since Gilman left, including the fact that John and Freeman sold a mill."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish material from Asa F. Horn Account Book and Family Correspondence must be obtained from Special Collections, Virginia Tech."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5e03f7489a19bbef7792972a4b92e330\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection includes an account book belonging to Asa F. Horn in addition to three letters, two written from Joel B. Ricker to \"Cousin Gilman\" (possibly Gilman Horn) and one from Emma Horn to \"Brother Freeman.\" All are most likely from the area surrounding Acton, Maine, though it is unclear how they are related."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Horn, Asa F. (Acton, Maine)","Horn, Emma (Acton, Maine)","Ricker, Joel B."],"language_ssim":["English \n.    "],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:33:02.120Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2826"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1216.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1996","1958-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1962.001"],"text":["Ms.1962.001","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence ","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents","Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. ","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.","The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. ","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1962.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creators_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in multiple accruals between 1962 and 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/335\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Publications\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: AVPA General Files\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Historical Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Miscellaneous Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Oversize Documents\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence ","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSmithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. ","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2286.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Deed, Ms2005-014\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1986.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Papers, Ms1994-034\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1219.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1425.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1884.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eRobert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1979.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eWilliam Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. ","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99892500d53aacc16f6cb32c28f38312\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield."],"names_coll_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":174,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1216.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1996","1958-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1962.001"],"text":["Ms.1962.001","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence ","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents","Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. ","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.","The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. ","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1962.001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creators_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in multiple accruals between 1962 and 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/335\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Publications\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: AVPA General Files\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Historical Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Miscellaneous Documents\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Oversize Documents\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence ","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSmithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. ","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2286.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Deed, Ms2005-014\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1986.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Papers, Ms1994-034\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1219.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1425.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1884.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eRobert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1979.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eWilliam Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. ","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99892500d53aacc16f6cb32c28f38312\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield."],"names_coll_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":174,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:34:27.926Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"text":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers","\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D.","box 1","folder 3"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D.","title_ssm":["\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D."],"title_tesim":["\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1822-1922"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1822/1922"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"A Study of the Literature of West Virginia\" written by Mary Meek Atkeson, Ph.D."],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:51.143Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1999.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, Papers","title_ssm":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1812-1924, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1812-1924, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1995.012"],"text":["Ms.1995.012","Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers","Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","The collection is open to research.","One of the scrapbooks in this collection has been digitized and is  available online .","The collection is arranged chronologically. Undated materials are at located in boxes 3 and 4.","Daniel Bedinger Lucas, lawyer and poet, was born March 16, 1836, at \"Rion Hall\" in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia). He attended the University of Virginia, and then studied law under Judge John W. Brockenbrough of Lexington, Virginia. In 1859 he began practicing law at Charleston but moved the next year to Richmond. At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861 he joined the staff of General Henry A. Wise and took part in the Kanawha Valley campaign, but his physical disability from a childhood spine injury kept him from active service in the last years of the war. Toward the end of the war he ran the blockade to defend his friend John Yates Beall, accused of being a Confederate spy, but was unable to defend him against the charges. Beall was executed on Governors Island, New York.","In 1869, Lucas married Lena Tucker Brooke, of Richmond. Their only child, Virginia, was born in 1873. Barred from the practice of law until 1871, due to restrictions on the service of ex-Confederates, Lucas turned to literature and became co-editor of the Baltimore  Southern Metropolis . Many of his poems were published in this magazine. He reentered the practice of law in 1871 and took a prominent role in the Democratic party politics of West Virginia, acting as Democratic elector in the elections of 1872 and 1876, to the legislature in 1884 and 1886, and as a member of the supreme court of appeals from 1889 to 1893.","Lucas's volumes of poetry include  The Wreath of Eglantine  (1869), with poems of his sister, Virginia,  and  Ballads and Madrigals  (1884). He wrote three plays about the Civil War. His books include  The Memoir of John Yates Beall  (1865) and  Nicaragua, War of the Filibusters  (1896). He was known as the \"poet of the Shenandoah Valley.\" He died at Rion Hall on June 24, 1909.","The guide to the  Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers, commenced and was completed in July 1995. Additional materials were processed in October 1997. The 2014 addition was processed in 2017.","Virgina Lucas Letter, 1861 (Ms2018-021).  Finding aid  for this collection is available online.","The Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia Lucas, also a poet. Topics include Lucas's defense of John Yates Beall, the exploits of adventurer William Walker, the origin of General Robert E. Lee's horse Traveler; and West Virginia politics. There are examples of Lucas's poetry scattered throughout the papers. The 1860 scrapbook includes several interesting pressed flower designs.","Letter to John [Yates Beall], dated July 30, 1864 from Richmond. Lucas talks about recent personal and military events. Lucas defended Beall when was tried as a Confederate guerrilla and spy, but Beall was executed on February 4, 1865.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia\n        Lucas, also a poet.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1995.012"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"creator_ssim":["Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"creators_ssim":["Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers were donated to Special Collections in May 1995. Additional materials were donated in September 1995. An addtional letter was purchased in 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1.8 Cubic Feet 4 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOne of the scrapbooks in this collection has been digitized and is \u003cextref href=\"http://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/Appalachia/Ms1995-012_Scrapbook\"\u003eavailable online\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Alternate Form Available"],"altformavail_tesim":["One of the scrapbooks in this collection has been digitized and is  available online ."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged chronologically. Undated materials are at located in boxes 3 and 4.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged chronologically. Undated materials are at located in boxes 3 and 4."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel Bedinger Lucas, lawyer and poet, was born March 16, 1836, at \"Rion Hall\" in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia). He attended the University of Virginia, and then studied law under Judge John W. Brockenbrough of Lexington, Virginia. In 1859 he began practicing law at Charleston but moved the next year to Richmond. At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861 he joined the staff of General Henry A. Wise and took part in the Kanawha Valley campaign, but his physical disability from a childhood spine injury kept him from active service in the last years of the war. Toward the end of the war he ran the blockade to defend his friend John Yates Beall, accused of being a Confederate spy, but was unable to defend him against the charges. Beall was executed on Governors Island, New York.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1869, Lucas married Lena Tucker Brooke, of Richmond. Their only child, Virginia, was born in 1873. Barred from the practice of law until 1871, due to restrictions on the service of ex-Confederates, Lucas turned to literature and became co-editor of the Baltimore \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSouthern Metropolis\u003c/title\u003e. Many of his poems were published in this magazine. He reentered the practice of law in 1871 and took a prominent role in the Democratic party politics of West Virginia, acting as Democratic elector in the elections of 1872 and 1876, to the legislature in 1884 and 1886, and as a member of the supreme court of appeals from 1889 to 1893.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucas's volumes of poetry include \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Wreath of Eglantine\u003c/title\u003e (1869), with poems of his sister, Virginia,  and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBallads and Madrigals\u003c/title\u003e (1884). He wrote three plays about the Civil War. His books include \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Memoir of John Yates Beall\u003c/title\u003e (1865) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eNicaragua, War of the Filibusters\u003c/title\u003e (1896). He was known as the \"poet of the Shenandoah Valley.\" He died at Rion Hall on June 24, 1909.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel Bedinger Lucas, lawyer and poet, was born March 16, 1836, at \"Rion Hall\" in Charleston, Virginia (now West Virginia). He attended the University of Virginia, and then studied law under Judge John W. Brockenbrough of Lexington, Virginia. In 1859 he began practicing law at Charleston but moved the next year to Richmond. At the beginning of the Civil War in 1861 he joined the staff of General Henry A. Wise and took part in the Kanawha Valley campaign, but his physical disability from a childhood spine injury kept him from active service in the last years of the war. Toward the end of the war he ran the blockade to defend his friend John Yates Beall, accused of being a Confederate spy, but was unable to defend him against the charges. Beall was executed on Governors Island, New York.","In 1869, Lucas married Lena Tucker Brooke, of Richmond. Their only child, Virginia, was born in 1873. Barred from the practice of law until 1871, due to restrictions on the service of ex-Confederates, Lucas turned to literature and became co-editor of the Baltimore  Southern Metropolis . Many of his poems were published in this magazine. He reentered the practice of law in 1871 and took a prominent role in the Democratic party politics of West Virginia, acting as Democratic elector in the elections of 1872 and 1876, to the legislature in 1884 and 1886, and as a member of the supreme court of appeals from 1889 to 1893.","Lucas's volumes of poetry include  The Wreath of Eglantine  (1869), with poems of his sister, Virginia,  and  Ballads and Madrigals  (1884). He wrote three plays about the Civil War. His books include  The Memoir of John Yates Beall  (1865) and  Nicaragua, War of the Filibusters  (1896). He was known as the \"poet of the Shenandoah Valley.\" He died at Rion Hall on June 24, 1909."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the  Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the  Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers, Ms1995-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers, Ms1995-012, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers, commenced and was completed in July 1995. Additional materials were processed in October 1997. The 2014 addition was processed in 2017.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Daniel Bedinger Lucas Papers, commenced and was completed in July 1995. Additional materials were processed in October 1997. The 2014 addition was processed in 2017."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirgina Lucas Letter, 1861 (Ms2018-021). \u003cextref href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=vt/viblbv01959.xml\"\u003eFinding aid\u003c/extref\u003e for this collection is available online.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virgina Lucas Letter, 1861 (Ms2018-021).  Finding aid  for this collection is available online."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia Lucas, also a poet. Topics include Lucas's defense of John Yates Beall, the exploits of adventurer William Walker, the origin of General Robert E. Lee's horse Traveler; and West Virginia politics. There are examples of Lucas's poetry scattered throughout the papers. The 1860 scrapbook includes several interesting pressed flower designs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter to John [Yates Beall], dated July 30, 1864 from Richmond. Lucas talks about recent personal and military events. Lucas defended Beall when was tried as a Confederate guerrilla and spy, but Beall was executed on February 4, 1865.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia Lucas, also a poet. Topics include Lucas's defense of John Yates Beall, the exploits of adventurer William Walker, the origin of General Robert E. Lee's horse Traveler; and West Virginia politics. There are examples of Lucas's poetry scattered throughout the papers. The 1860 scrapbook includes several interesting pressed flower designs.","Letter to John [Yates Beall], dated July 30, 1864 from Richmond. Lucas talks about recent personal and military events. Lucas defended Beall when was tried as a Confederate guerrilla and spy, but Beall was executed on February 4, 1865."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7104eda4bc33b4c8beba1544b4b21031\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia\n        Lucas, also a poet.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Daniel Bedinger Lucas papers consist of scrapbooks, correspondence, poems and essays, newspapers, and other materials collected and created by Lucas, including several items created by his sister, Virginia\n        Lucas, also a poet."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Lucas, Daniel Bedinger, 1836-1909","Lucas, Virginia (Virginia Bedinger), 1838-1865"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":71,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:30:51.143Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1999_c03"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Atkinson - Stringfellow","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Series I. Correspondence","Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Series I. Correspondence","Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence"],"text":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Series I. Correspondence","Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence","Atkinson - Stringfellow","box 3","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Atkinson - Stringfellow","title_ssm":["Atkinson - Stringfellow"],"title_tesim":["Atkinson - Stringfellow"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1848-1874"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1848/1874"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Atkinson - Stringfellow"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":16,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":866,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874],"containers_ssim":["box 3","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-29T07:05:00.759Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4540.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Wharton and Radford Families Papers","title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1783-1906"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1783-1906"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"text":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540","Wharton and Radford Families Papers","Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)","The collection is open for research.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874. Subseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865. Subseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.","The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. ","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. ","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.","The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."," Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts. Subseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions.  Subseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2025.074","/repositories/2/resources/4540"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Wharton and Radford Families Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"creators_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"places_ssim":["Montgomery County (Va.)","Radford (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated in April 2025."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Confederate States of America","Confederate States of America -- Army -- Recruiting, enlistment, etc.","Slavery -- United States","Reconstruction (U.S. history, 1865-1877)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["7 Cubic Feet 3 boxes; 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. Arranged chronologically, this subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874. Subseries D: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865. Subseries E: Nannie (Radford) Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. Materials in this subseries are arranged alphabetically by author with the exception of materials relating to the Taylor family, which are grouped together for easier access.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAnne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Wharton and Radford families were prominent figures in Southwest Virginia, especially during the 19th century. Dr. John B. Radford is the namesake of Radford, Virginia. Both families had a hand in shaping Southwestern Virginia and leave a lasting legacy.","Gabriel Colvin Wharton (GCW) was born on July 23, 1824 in Culpepper, Virginia, to parents John Redd and Eliza Colvin Wharton. Gabriel (or, often, Gabe) attended private school and multiple academies before enrolling in the Virginia Military Institute in 1845. He graduated with distinction only two years later in 1847. Immediately after graduating, Gabriel held a number of teaching positions, tutoring children in Latin, French, math, and English. A year later, he took a job with the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, getting promoted soon after. By late 1856, Gabriel was chief engineer of the Washington and Alexandria Railroad. He worked in the southwestern United States as a civil engineer from 1857 to 1859 surveying possible road routes. Gabriel continued to work as a civil engineer, often surveying possible road routes until the beginning of the American Civil War. While he was not a staunch secessionist, he did support the economic and social institution of slavery.  A Virginia loyalist and slaveholder, Gabriel held the idea that secession was necessary if state rights were oppressed. In April of 1861, he travelled to Richmond and began working as a lieutenant of engineers, making topographical surveys to assist in siting and erecting fortifications. Gabriel soon became Major Wharton, then Colonel, organizing regiments and marching into battle with General Floyd. ","Anne Rebecca \"Nannie\" Radford was born on August 15, 1843 in the New River Valley of southwestern Virginia to parents Dr. John Blair Radford and Elizabeth Campbell Taylor Radford. Nannie enjoyed a privileged upbringing, attending school in Salem, Virginia, and later at Cedar Hill Academy in Montgomery County. The Radford family was well-off; Dr. Radford owned 68 enslaved people and had a net worth of almost $65,000 by 1863. Once the war began, Nannie herself was a staunch supporter of the Confederate cause. ","In early 1863, a friend introduced Nannie to Gabriel. By May 14, 1863, they were married. Soon after, he was promoted to brigadier general, effective July 8, 1863. Nannie and Gabriel had one child together, a son named William (Willie). Gabriel continued to serve in the Confederate forces, participating in operations in both the Western and Eastern Theaters, commanding divisions and brigades, and fighting in battles such as Cold Harbor, Monocacy, Cedar Creek, and Waynesboro. On June 4, 1865, Gabriel was paroled from Lynchburg, Virginia.","After the war, Gabriel went back to work at the railroad, overseeing the rebuilding of bridges damaged during the war. After a string of financial troubles, Gabriel ran for a seat in the House of Delegates, becoming a legislator in the Virginia General Assembly in 1871. During his time as state legislator, he helped establish the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, serving as a member of the Board of Visitors. Gabriel continued to run into business and financial trouble, borrowing money to start businesses like mills, hotels, and newspapers that failed, requiring the Whartons to sell or rent out much of their land to repay their debts. Nannie, frequently depressed and anxious about the state of their finances, managed their affairs when Gabriel went out West again in 1885 to work as an inspector of surveyors general and district land offices for the General Land Office in Washington. He continued to work away from home for the next few years, only returning to southwestern Virginia in 1889. On April 15th of the following year, Nannie died at the age of 46 after a long period of illness and emotional turmoil, most likely connected to earlier liver and bladder problems. After another failed business attempt, Gabriel ran for (and won) a seat in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1897, supporting coining gold and silver, education, and state pensions for Confederate veterans. After dropping from the race the following term, Gabriel began to be more active in Confederate veterans' affairs, still struggling with his own debts. Gabriel seemed to care more about preserving the history of the war than continuing it. On May 11, 1906, he passed away at the age of 80.","The Wharton and Radford families held many enslaved people over the years, including Emeline Pate and Tim Lewis. Emeline and Tim entered a slave marriage in 1858. Purchased by Nannie's uncle James L. Taylor in 1856, Emeline acted as Nannie's personal servant when Taylor died. Also after Taylor died, Tim went with John Radford in 1861 when he went to war. When Nannie and Gabriel were married, Tim and Emeline were given to them as a wedding present. Like Tim did with John Radford, he waited on Gabriel while he was away in the army. Little is known about how Tim and Emeline felt or what they thought about events in their lives, as we only have Nannie and Gabriel's interpretation. Tim and Emeline remained closely involved with the Whartons through the end of the war and after. Sometime in 1864, Tim began to go by William. When Nannie and Gabriel had their son, Emeline took over much of his care. Towards the end of the war, Gabriel told William that if he ever wanted to leave, that he would provide a horse, money, and a pass for William to go north \"as a man\" rather than sneaking away. After the war, like many freed people, William and Emeline stayed on with the Whartons working for wages. They legally reaffirmed their marriage in 1866, living next door to the Whartons while William worked on the Radford farm and Emeline worked as Nannie's housemaid. By 1875, the Lewises were no longer working for the Whartons, but still lived close by. In 1882, they moved to a house and lot in Christiansburg, severing any remaining ties or communication with the Whartons."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Wharton and Radford Families Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Wharton and Radford Families Papers, 1783-1906, Ms2025-074, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Wharton and Radford Families Papers was completed in December 2025."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003e Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.  \u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContent Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.\u003c/emph\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests.\u003c/li\u003e \n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n    \u003cli\u003eSubseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary.\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eSubseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Content Warning: This series does contain references to enslavement, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Gabriel C. and Nannie (Radford) Wharton, 1863-1865. This subseries includes correspondence between Gabriel C. and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, both during their engagement and after their marriage. The bulk of their correspondence takes place during the American Civil War while Gabriel C. Wharton (GCW) served in the Confederate Army. Their letters include discussions on the war and troop movements, news of home and family, references to enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of love.  Subseries B: Gabriel C. Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1842-1905, contains correspondence addressed to GCW. Topics include the railroad, the war, news of family and friends, the Reconstruction era, politics and pardons, provisions, grievances, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and invitations. Subseries C: Gabriel C. Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1842-1874, is made up of correspondence authored by GCW. Conversation topics include the war, news of friends and family, provisions, a request for a leave of absence, and a letter of reference. This subseries also includes unsent drafts. Subseries D: Nannie Radford Wharton Incoming Correspondence, 1861-1865, includes correspondence addressed to Nannie Radford Wharton, discussing news of the war, the death of Col. John Taylor Radford, news of friends and family, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and provisions.  Subseries E: Nannie Radford Wharton Outgoing Correspondence, 1861-1863. This subseries consists of letters authored by Nannie Radford Wharton, including an unfinished draft of an obituary. Conversation topics include politics and education. Subseries F: Radford Family, 1826-1900. This subseries includes correspondence both written by and written to members of the Radford family (with the exception of Nannie Radford Wharton). Topics discussed include politics and the war, provisions, news of family and friends, medicine, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, and expressions of sympathy.   Subseries G: Wharton Family, 1846-1864, contains correspondence written by and to members of the Wharton family (with the exception of Gabriel C. Wharton). Topics include politics, enslaved and formerly enslaved people, provisions, sickness, and news of family and friends. Subseries H: External Correspondence, 1797-1887. This subseries contains correspondence between individuals not closely related to either the Radford or Wharton families. It may include correspondence from cousins or more distant relations. This subseries contains references to enslaved people.","Content Warning: This series contains materials related to the sale of enslaved persons, which may be upsetting.","Subseries A: Receipts, Invoices, and Promissory Notes, 1813-1865, consists of transaction records for goods and services such as lodging, school supplies, seed, cloth, and food, as well as tax records. Subseries B: Land Grants and Deeds, 1783-1859. This subseries contains records of land transfers, including deeds, indentures, articles of agreements, and land grants. Subseries C: Enslaved Persons Documents, 1855-1857. This subseries contains records relating to the sale of enslaved persons. Subseries D: Legal Documents, 1845-1865, includes various documents such as an arrest warrant, record of a suit, and Dr. John Blair Radford's request for a special pardon from President Johnson.","Subseries A: Orders, 1861-1864, consists of orders and special orders, many addressed to GCW, from higher-ranking officers. These include requests for reports, rules and regulations for soldiers, instructions for troop movements, appointments, and authorizations for recruitment. Subseries B: Roll Calls and Reports, 1861-1864, 1902, contains roll calls, lists of wounded or killed, documents confirming the reporting of soldiers to their commands, and reports. Subseries C: Commission, Enlistment, and Transfer Requests, 1848-1864, includes documents such as lists of enlisted or reenlisted soldiers, commission certificates and appointments, and transfer requests. Subseries D: Passes, 1863-1865, contains documents used to allow passage through certain areas during the war.","Subseries A: Education, 1822-1862, includes materials such as report cards and a letter of acceptance to the Virginia Military Institute. Subseries B: Newspaper Clippings, 1842, 1904, 1906. This subseries consists of newspaper articles collected by the family that relate to family members or personal events, such as GCW's obituary. Subseries C: Ephemera, 1851-1902. This subseries contains Confederate States of America currency, stamps, a brochure, a railroad time table, and ephemera such as Confederate Reunion ribbons."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . ","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e618e9a9170b925d5ffa8d5c7635be0b\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection is made up of the personal and family papers of the Wharton and Radford families of Southwestern Virginia. While the bulk of the collection relates to Confederate General Gabriel C. Wharton and Anne (Nannie) Radford Wharton, it contains personal materials such as correspondence, financial documents, and family papers from other family members as well. This collection also contains materials related to Wharton's military service."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Wharton, Gabriel C. (Gabriel Colvin), 1824-1906","Radford, John Taylor, 1838-1864"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1313,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-29T07:05:00.759Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4540_c01_c03_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Autograph","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"text":["George Washington Morgan Autograph","Autograph","folder 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Autograph","title_ssm":["Autograph"],"title_tesim":["Autograph"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1840-1890"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1840/1890"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Autograph"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"containers_ssim":["folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:03.360Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2600.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Morgan, George Washington, Autograph","title_ssm":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"title_tesim":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1840-1890, n.d."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1840-1890, n.d."],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2010.047"],"text":["Ms.2010.047","George Washington Morgan Autograph","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged by material type.","George Washington Morgan was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1820. At the age of sixteen, Morgan left Washington College where he was studying to enlist for Houston in the War for Texan Independence. He entered as a lieutenant and was quickly appointed to captain. After his service, Morgan enrolled in the United States Military Academy. He stayed only two years, however, and began studying law under his future partner, J. K. Miller, in Mount Vernon, Ohio. Morgan was admitted to the bar and became the prosecutor for Knox County. Morgan held his position until he resigned to enlist as colonel of the 2nd Ohio Volunteers in the U.S.-Mexico War. At only twenty-seven years old, Morgan was commissioned Colonel of the 15th United States Infantry. Morgan was wounded at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and was named brigadier-general for his \"gallant and meritorious conduct.\" ","In 1848, Morgan returned to civilian life in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he farmed and practiced law. President Pierce appointed him consul at Marseilles in 1856, and he became minister to Lisbon two years later. Morgan resigned this post to take up arms for the Union in the American Civil War. He was appointed brigadier-general and given command of the 7th Division of Buell's Army of the Ohio, then a division in the Vicksburg campaign, and finally the XIII Corps. After battling illness and discontent with the policy of using African American troops, Morgan resigned from the service in 1863. ","Morgan was elected to Congress in 1866, serving until he was unseated in 1868. He was elected the following year, and served until 1873. After leaving Congress, Morgan returned to his law practice in Mount Vernon. Morgan was married to Sarah H. Hall and fathered two daughters. He died in Fortress Monroe, Virginia, in 1893.","The guide to the George Washington Morgan Autograph by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Washington Morgan Autograph commenced and was completed in June 2010.","The collection contains the signature of George Washington Morgan. Morgan signed his name, \"G. W. Morgan\", on a list of subscribers' names and requested 2000 copies of an item. Included in this collection is a brief biography of Morgan. Signatures of three other people are included in the collection. One signature appears to belong to Abram O. Miller, but the other two are unidentified.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The collection contains the signature and brief biographical note of George Washington Morgan. Three other unknown signatures are included.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)","The material in the collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2010.047"],"normalized_title_ssm":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"collection_title_tesim":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"collection_ssim":["George Washington Morgan Autograph"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"creator_ssim":["Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"creators_ssim":["Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The George Washington Morgan Autograph was obtained Special Collections prior to 2009."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.1 Cubic Feet 1 folder"],"date_range_isim":[1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged by material type.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged by material type."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Washington Morgan was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1820. At the age of sixteen, Morgan left Washington College where he was studying to enlist for Houston in the War for Texan Independence. He entered as a lieutenant and was quickly appointed to captain. After his service, Morgan enrolled in the United States Military Academy. He stayed only two years, however, and began studying law under his future partner, J. K. Miller, in Mount Vernon, Ohio. Morgan was admitted to the bar and became the prosecutor for Knox County. Morgan held his position until he resigned to enlist as colonel of the 2nd Ohio Volunteers in the U.S.-Mexico War. At only twenty-seven years old, Morgan was commissioned Colonel of the 15th United States Infantry. Morgan was wounded at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and was named brigadier-general for his \"gallant and meritorious conduct.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1848, Morgan returned to civilian life in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he farmed and practiced law. President Pierce appointed him consul at Marseilles in 1856, and he became minister to Lisbon two years later. Morgan resigned this post to take up arms for the Union in the American Civil War. He was appointed brigadier-general and given command of the 7th Division of Buell's Army of the Ohio, then a division in the Vicksburg campaign, and finally the XIII Corps. After battling illness and discontent with the policy of using African American troops, Morgan resigned from the service in 1863. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMorgan was elected to Congress in 1866, serving until he was unseated in 1868. He was elected the following year, and served until 1873. After leaving Congress, Morgan returned to his law practice in Mount Vernon. Morgan was married to Sarah H. Hall and fathered two daughters. He died in Fortress Monroe, Virginia, in 1893.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Washington Morgan was born in Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1820. At the age of sixteen, Morgan left Washington College where he was studying to enlist for Houston in the War for Texan Independence. He entered as a lieutenant and was quickly appointed to captain. After his service, Morgan enrolled in the United States Military Academy. He stayed only two years, however, and began studying law under his future partner, J. K. Miller, in Mount Vernon, Ohio. Morgan was admitted to the bar and became the prosecutor for Knox County. Morgan held his position until he resigned to enlist as colonel of the 2nd Ohio Volunteers in the U.S.-Mexico War. At only twenty-seven years old, Morgan was commissioned Colonel of the 15th United States Infantry. Morgan was wounded at the battles of Contreras and Churubusco, and was named brigadier-general for his \"gallant and meritorious conduct.\" ","In 1848, Morgan returned to civilian life in Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he farmed and practiced law. President Pierce appointed him consul at Marseilles in 1856, and he became minister to Lisbon two years later. Morgan resigned this post to take up arms for the Union in the American Civil War. He was appointed brigadier-general and given command of the 7th Division of Buell's Army of the Ohio, then a division in the Vicksburg campaign, and finally the XIII Corps. After battling illness and discontent with the policy of using African American troops, Morgan resigned from the service in 1863. ","Morgan was elected to Congress in 1866, serving until he was unseated in 1868. He was elected the following year, and served until 1873. After leaving Congress, Morgan returned to his law practice in Mount Vernon. Morgan was married to Sarah H. Hall and fathered two daughters. He died in Fortress Monroe, Virginia, in 1893."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the George Washington Morgan Autograph by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the George Washington Morgan Autograph by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Washington Morgan Autograph, Ms2010-047, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], George Washington Morgan Autograph, Ms2010-047, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the George Washington Morgan Autograph commenced and was completed in June 2010.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the George Washington Morgan Autograph commenced and was completed in June 2010."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains the signature of George Washington Morgan. Morgan signed his name, \"G. W. Morgan\", on a list of subscribers' names and requested 2000 copies of an item. Included in this collection is a brief biography of Morgan. Signatures of three other people are included in the collection. One signature appears to belong to Abram O. Miller, but the other two are unidentified.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains the signature of George Washington Morgan. Morgan signed his name, \"G. W. Morgan\", on a list of subscribers' names and requested 2000 copies of an item. Included in this collection is a brief biography of Morgan. Signatures of three other people are included in the collection. One signature appears to belong to Abram O. Miller, but the other two are unidentified."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_21a678cd10792a32cd88c07a6b8d7ea1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains the signature and brief biographical note of George Washington Morgan. Three other unknown signatures are included.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains the signature and brief biographical note of George Washington Morgan. Three other unknown signatures are included."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"persname_ssim":["Morgan, G. W.  (George Washington)"],"language_ssim":["The material in the collection is in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:22:03.360Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_2600_c01"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"A.W. Luster","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Series IV. Black Family Business Records","Account Books (5 ledgers)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Series IV. Black Family Business Records","Account Books (5 ledgers)"],"text":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Series IV. Black Family Business Records","Account Books (5 ledgers)","A.W. Luster","box 8","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son."],"title_filing_ssi":"A.W. Luster","title_ssm":["A.W. Luster"],"title_tesim":["A.W. Luster"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1886"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1854/1886"],"normalized_title_ssm":["A.W. Luster"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":72,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886],"containers_ssim":["box 8"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:26.069Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1290.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1779-1984"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1779-1984"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1974.003"],"text":["Ms.1974.003","Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers","Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)","Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.","The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.","In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.","The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"","See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040","The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1974.003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"collection_ssim":["Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)","Huntsville (Ala.)","Marion (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers were donated to Virginia Tech from 1955 to 1990. The American Civil War letters of Harvey Black and the Civil War diaries of John Apperson were donated in 1974."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","Folk, historical, and patent medicine","Genealogy","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Medicine","Medicine, Military -- History","Montgomery County (Va.)","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Diaries","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 7 Cubic Feet 21 boxes and 1 oversize folder"],"date_range_isim":[1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca show=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/38\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","A microfilm edition of the diary, 1847-1850, of Harvey Black and the American Civil War diaries of John S. Apperson was made by the Library of Virginia in January 1976 and is available at the Library of Virginia in Richmond. The Civil War letters of Harvey Black were published in 1995 in a volume edited by Glenn L. McMullen, which is available in the Rare Book Collection and in Newman Library."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries include the following:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII. Alexander Apperson Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is arranged by format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged alphabetically by name of family being researched.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The papers are arranged into series corresponding to the creators of the material and subseries by type of material.","Series include the following:","Series I. Harvey Black Papers Series II. Black Family Papers Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers Series IV. Black Family Business Records Series V. John S. Apperson Papers Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company Series X. Assorted Papers","This series is arranged by format.","This series is arranged by format.","Arranged alphabetically by name of family being researched."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOn August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHarvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGermanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSources\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eGlenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eA Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eBiographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003e\"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1889, Elizabeth Black of Blacksburg, Virginia, married John Apperson of Marion, joining the Black and Kent families of Blacksburg with the Apperson family. Elizabeth Black's father Harvey Black and John S. Apperson served together in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade during the American Civil War. Black was a regimental surgeon and Apperson was a hospital steward under his command.","Harvey Black (1827-1888) was a native of Blacksburg and a grandson of town founder John Black. (Harvey Black did not use the e in his given name, but as an adult he regularly signed his name as H. Black and he was almost always identified publicly as Harvey Black.) After attending local schools, he began studying medicine under two local doctors. In 1847, he volunteered to serve in the Mexican War in the 1st Regiment Virginia Volunteers; three months later, he was made a hospital steward. He entered medical school at the University of Virginia in 1848 and graduated in June 1849. That fall, he took a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through the upper Mid-West as far west as Iowa. He decided to settle in Blacksburg and opened a medical practice there in 1852. The same year, he married Mary Kent of Blacksburg.","On August 2, 1861, Harvey Black was appointed regimental surgeon in the 4th Virginia, 1st Brigade, known as the Stonewall Brigade. John Apperson, who had enlisted with the Smyth Blues of Smyth County, Virginia, in April 1861, was appointed hospital steward under the command of Harvey Black in March 1862. Black and Apperson served together with the 4th regiment until late 1862. They provided medical care to the wounded at first Manassas, second Manassas, and the Battle of Fredericksburg. In late 1862, Black was appointed surgeon of the field hospital of the Second Corps, Army of Northern Virginia, and brought Apperson with him. Both served in this hospital until the end of the war, taking care of recuperating soldiers who were wounded of the Second Corps' major engagements, including the Battle of Chancellorsville in 1863 and the Spotsylvania Campaign in 1864. Black assisted Hunter Holmes McGuire with the amputation of Stonewall Jackson's arm on May 3, 1863.","After the Civil War, Harvey Black resumed his medical practice in Blacksburg. He was elected president of the Medical Society of Virginia in 1872. He played an instrumental role in the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg in 1872. He was the first rector of the Board of Visitors.","From 1786 to 1882, Harvey Black was Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg. In 1884, he was appointed to the board of a proposed state mental hospital for southwestern Virginia. In 1885, he was elected to represent Montgomery County in the House of Delegates and served two sessions. In the House, he influenced the decision to locate the new hospital in Marion. In 1887, Black became the first superintendent of the new Southwestern State Lunatic Asylum in Marion. He appointed John S. Apperson assistant physician there. Harvey Black died in Richmond in October 1888 and was buried in Westview Cemetery in Blacksburg.","John S. Apperson (1837-1908) was born in Locust Grove, Virginia, and moved to Smyth County in 1859. He took a job splitting rails and began to study medicine under local physician William Faris. In 1861, Apperson enlisted in the Smyth Blues, organized as Company D, 4th Virginia. After the Civil War, he studied medicine at the University of Virginia, earning a degree in 1867. He returned to Smyth County and married Victoria Hull in 1868. They lived in Chilhowie, and Apperson practiced medicine and farmed. They had seven children.","John Apperson's first wife died in 1887. The same year, he took a job as assistant physician under Harvey Black at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia in Marion. When Harvey Black died in 1888, Apperson resigned his position at the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum and established a medical practice in Marion. In 1889, he married Elizabeth, daughter of his friend and mentor Harvey Black. They had four children: Harvey, Alexander, Kent, and Mary.","After his second marriage, John Apperson pursued a career in business. He was one of eight founders of Staley's Creek Manganese and Iron Company. In 1906, he expanded the operations of the Marion Foundry and Milling Company into the Marion Foundry and Machine Works. He also promoted the building of the Marion and Rye Valley Railroad.","In 1892, the Virginia Board of World's Fair Managers employed Apperson to collect items and transport Virginia exhibits to the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. John Apperson died in Marion in 1908. His wife Elizabeth died in Blacksburg in 1942.","Harvey Black Apperson (1890-1948), the oldest child of John Apperson and Elizabeth Black, lived in Salem, Virginia, and practiced law in Roanoke for thirty years. He became active in Democratic Party politics in the 1920s. In a special election in 1933, he was elected to represent Floyd, Franklin, Montgomery, and Roanoke counties and the cities of Radford and Roanoke in the State Senate. He served on the State Corporation Commission from 1944 to 1947 and was Chairman of the Commission from June 1944 to 1947. Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General in August 1947, and he took office October 7, 1947. He died suddenly of a heart attack at his home in Richmond on February 2, 1948. Alexander Apperson worked at the Marion Foundry and Machine Works for a period and later moved to Birmingham, Alabama.","Germanicus Kent (1791-1861) and Arabella Amiss Kent (1809-1951), parents of Harvey Black's wife Mary, are also documented in this collection. Germanicus Kent was born in Suffield, Connecticut, and attended Yale College. Circa 1822, he moved to Huntsville, Alabama, and worked as a cotton merchant. In 1827, he married Arabella Amiss of Blacksburg. According to a family account, Germanicus Kent left Huntsville in 1834 at the insistence of his brother Aratus Kent, a missionary in Illinois who opposed slavery. Aratus Kent was a founder of Beloit and Rockford colleges in Illinois. The family moved to Illinois in 1834. Lewis Kent (also known as Lewis Lemon), who was enslaved by Germanicus Kent in North Carolina when he was a boy, moved with the family and later purchased his freedom and settled in Iowa. Germanicus Kent is considered a founder of the town of Rockford, Illinois, and served in the Illinois state legislature. Mary Kent, born in 1836, was the first child of European ancestry born in Rockford. The family returned to Arabella's hometown of Blacksburg in 1843.","Sources Glenn L. McMullen, \"Tending the Wounded: Two Virginians in the Confederate Medical Corps,\" Virginia Cavalcade, Vol. 40, No. 4 (Spring 1991), 172-183 A Surgeon with Stonewall Jackson: The Civil War Letters of Dr. Harvey Black, edited by Glenn L. McMullen (Baltimore: Butternut and Blue, 1995) Biographical sketches of John S. Apperson by Glenn McMullen and of Harvey Black Apperson, by Crandall Shiflett in John T. Kneebone, J. Jefferson Looney, Brent Tartar, and Sandra Gioia Treadway, eds., Dictionary of Virginia Biography, Vol. 1 (The Library of Virginia, 1998), 181-183 \"Germanicus A. Kent: Founder of Rockford, Illinois,\" published by the Rockford Historical Society, n.d."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-003, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThree boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The papers were previously organized into three collections: the Black Family Papers, Ms1974-003; the Apperson Family Papers, Ms1974-017; and the Kent Family Papers, Ms1974-018. They were further processed and merged into one collection in 2002. Additional description was completed in 2021.","Three boxes are unprocessed. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for more information.","This item was previously listed on the finding aid as \"General Store, Blacksburg, 1857-1862.\""],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1474.xml\"\u003eJames Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1779.xml\"\u003eElizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2503.xml\"\u003eMedical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_2361.xml\"\u003eBell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See the following materials related to these families, which are also at Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives:","James Randal Kent Papers, Ms1987-031","Elizabeth Kent Adams Papers, Ms1990-045","Medical Bill Signed by Dr. Harvey Black, Ms2009-084","Bell, Kent, Cloyd, Withrow Family Collection, Ms2008-040"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeneral Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Christian Union\u003c/emph\u003e publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026amp; Son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFile contains three items in French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFive scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Contents note","Scope and Contents note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Black, Kent, and Apperson Family Papers, 1779-1984 (bulk 1821-1948) documents the families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection comprises American Civil War letters of Dr. Harvey Black, Civil War diaries of John Apperson, records and correspondence pertaining to nineteenth-century Blacksburg residents Edwin Amiss, his sister Arabella Amiss Kent, and her husband Germanicus Kent, cotton trader and Rockford, Illinois pioneer; and account books, correspondence, and photographs of several members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion, Virginia. The collection is divided into the following major series: Harvey Black Papers, Black Family Papers, Germanicus Kent Papers, Black Family Business Records, John S. Apperson Papers, Mary E. Apperson Papers, Alexander Apperson Papers, and Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks.","Series I. Harvey Black Papers, 1847-1888, contains the following subseries: Diaries, Civil War Letters, General Correspondence, Medical Career Records, and Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College. It also includes one photograph, ca. 1865, of Harvey Black.","Dating 1861 to 1864, the Civil War Letters document Black's experiences as a regimental surgeon in the Stonewall Brigade and as surgeon in charge of the Second Corps field hospital. The series comprises letters Black wrote to his wife Mary (Molly) in Blacksburg. Black usually wrote to his wife two to three days after a major battle and reported who, from Blacksburg, had been killed or wounded. He describes the effects of disease on the troops, looking for his brother-in-law Lewis Kent among the Union wounded at the Battle of Fredericksburg, the delirium of Stonewall Jackson as he lay dying at Guinea Station, and the difficulties of keeping his family clothed and fed during the war.","The Diaries consist of a short diary Black kept of his journey from Christiansburg to Mexico to fight in the Mexican War and a diary of a four-month journey, on horseback, from western Virginia through West Virginia, Ohio, Wisconsin, Michigan, Illinois, Iowa, Missouri, and Tennessee in the fall of 1849. The Mexican War diary details Black's trip from Christiansburg to Norfolk and eventually Buena Vista, but provides little information about serving in the war. Both diaries contain mainly Black's observations about the towns and cities he passes through. The diary of the trip west compares culture and society in Virginia and the West and references encounters with Virginians who had moved west.","General Correspondence, 1847-1871, comprises two letters Black wrote while he was studying medicine at the University of Virginia, his proposal of marriage to Mary (Molly) Kent, and a folder of letters Black received from family members between 1848 and 1871. One letter describes pioneering in Island County, Washington Territory, in 1853; and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regard the establishment of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, forerunner of Virginia Tech, in Blacksburg.","The Medical Career Records, dating 1848 to 1888, documents Harvey Black's medical career before and after the Civil War and letters of recommendation for the position of Superintendent of the Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia and the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia. This series also contains an 1887 annual report for the Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia.","The Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College Records span the years 1870 to 1873. This small series consists of a subscription list for the Preston and Olin Institute, an early history of the founding of the Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College, and certificates of appointment to the college's Board of Visitors.","Series II. Black Family Papers, 1779-1911 (bulk 1845-1911): Materials include an 1845 bill of sale for an enslaved girl named Adaline; an 1856 letter from Charles to Alexander Black; photographs of Alexander Black, Kent Black, and Kent's wife Mary Bell Black; a 1911 letter from Mary Kent to her children; and a quilt given to Kent Black by his medical patients, ca. 1890. Additionally, the series has the wedding register of Mary and Kent Black and an invitation to the 1885 Blacksburg Grand Annual Ball.","Series III. Germanicus Kent Papers, 1818-1899: The series comprises Germanicus Kent's cotton books and correspondence with his sons Lewis and John, his brother Aratus Kent, and his brother-in- law Edwin Amiss. The cotton books document Kent's experience as a cotton merchant based in Huntsville, Alabama, 1821 to 1823. They provide lists of cotton prices and copies of correspondence to clients in Nashville and New Orleans. The correspondence describes life in Blacksburg in the 1830s, the Kent family's decision to settle in Virginia after living in Illinois, and Kent's business investments in the west and in Blacksburg. Letters from Edwin Amiss to Arabella and Germanicus Kent pertain to Arabella Kent continuing to enslave people by inheriting her mother's estate. An 1860 letter from Germanicus Kent to Aratus Kent discusses Germanicus Kent's desire to establish contact with the man he formerly enslaved Lewis Lemon Kent, then living in Iowa.","Series IV. Black Family Business Records, 1832-1924: Account books for mercantile establishments in Blacksburg make up the bulk of this series.. It also contains an account book for A.W. Luster; a 1908 inventory for W. Stone \u0026 Son; and a copy of an undated newspaper advertisement for A. Black and Company.","Series V. John S. Apperson Papers, 1858-1915: John Apperson's Civil War Diary is the centerpiece. The diary consist of Apperson's account of his journey, in 1859, from his home in Locust Grove, Virginia to Smyth County in Southwest Virginia. In the Civil War diaries, he describes medical care of soldiers and lists monthly figures of wounded and dead for the Second Corps field hospital. He discusses going onto the battlefield after the fighting stopped at First Manassas, the scene on the morning of the Battle of Fredericksburg, December 13, 1862; performing his first amputation; and his efforts to continue his medical education during the Civil War. Additionally, this series contains correspondence about Apperson's business career, 1900 and 1910, a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, and photographs of John Apperson, Elizabeth Black, and their children.","Series VI. Mary E. Apperson Papers, 1889-1977, and Series VII. Alexander Apperson Papers, 1827-1984: Research files on the Black, Kent, and Apperson families of Blacksburg and Marion compose the bulk of these two series. Materials also include publications pertaining to family history; correspondence with the Rockford, Illinois Historical Society regarding research on Germanicus Kent; correspondence related to other genealogy research; the recollections of Elizabeth Black Apperson about Blacksburg history and buildings; family photographs and a photograph, ca. 1900, of the Alexander Black house in Blacksburg; and family artifacts.","Series VIII. Harvey B. Apperson Political Scrapbooks, 1933-1950: The scrapbooks largely consist of newspaper clippings detailing Harvey B. Apperson's political career and Democratic Party politics in the Roanoke area in the 1930s and in Richmond in the 1940s. Additionally, there are letters and telegrams of congratulation Apperson received when he was appointed Attorney General of Virginia in 1947, telegrams and letters of condolence his wife received upon his death four months later, photographs, and political ephemera.","Series IX. Blacksburg Mining and Manufacturing Company, 1826-1965: Legal documents and correspondence pertain to the division of proceeds of mining investments among the Apperson descendants of Harvey Black. The series also contains maps of Black and Apperson property in Blacksburg, ca. 1949.","Series X. Assorted Papers, 1872, 1912: The last series includes two items, the Louise Caton Travel Diary, 1912, and  The Christian Union  publication, 1872. The diary of Louise Caton's four-month tour of Europe in 1912 describes her voyage from New York to Genoa on the Laxmia and from Liverpool back to New York on the Celtic. The relationship of Louise Caton to the Black, Kent, and Apperson families is unknown.","This small series includes a letter Harvey Black received from family who had settled in Wisconsin; a letter from a member of the Crockett family pioneering in Washington Territory, and two letters from Virginia State Senator John Penn regarding the establishment of Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in Blacksburg.","In this subseries of five letters from Germanicus Kent to his sons and his brother Aratus, Kent discusses investments, family, and Lewis Lemon (Kent), who bought his freedom from Kent ca. 1835.","This folder contains four family letters presumed to pertain to the extended Kent Amiss family. The correspondents are Edith Boggs, David and E. Cook, Mary Sloutermires, William G., and his son Nelson.","Accounts and correspondence in these two bound cotton books detail Germanicus Kent's business as a cotton merchant in Huntsville, Alabama.","Materials corncern the Kent family's move from Alabama to Illinois.","This file contains a contract outlining the terms of a proposed business partnership between Edwin Amiss and Germanicus Kent and a contract to build a home in Blacksburg.","This series is composed primarily of five ledgers containing alphabetically indexed customer account histories for various mercantile establishments, probably in Blacksburg. Also included are documents and correspondence pertaining to Black family investments in oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This ledger includes an inventory, July 1908, for W. Stone \u0026 Son.","This subseries comprises documents pertaining to investments in the Radford Land Improvement Company, 1889; the Radford West End Land Company, 1909; and oil drilling operations in Texas, 1912-1924.","This subseries comprises miscellaneous receipts, 1862; Business Correspondence, 1900-1910; and a catalog for the Marion Foundry and Machine Works, 1915.","These letters discuss the illness of the daughter of Mrs. Cyprus McCormick and John S. Apperson.","This file contains newspaper clippings on Blacksburg history and members of the Black, Kent, and Apperson families.","The Directory's cover illustration is a photograph of a sculpture commemorating the role played by Germanicus Kent and Lewis Lemon, Kent's former slave, in the founding of Rockford, Illinois.","This series is primarily composed of research files on the genealogy of the Black, Kent, Apperson and related families. It also contains family photographs, including a picture of the Alexander Black House, later burned, ca. 1900; a folder of correspondence pertaining to Alexander Black's service on the vestry of Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954; a 1914 edition of \"The X-Ray,\" the yearbook of Marion High School; and a program from the 1962 annual convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy.","This subseries contains one folder of correspondence pertaining to a proposed memorial to Harvey Black at Virginia Tech from 1953; one folder of correspondence concerning Mountainbrook Methodist Church in Birmingham, Alabama, 1944-1954, and one letter, 1934, from A.J. Oliver to Harvey Black Apperson, discussing Oliver's father, who worked for Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College in the 1870s and helped plant the first trees on the campus.","This subseries includes the Marion High School yearbook, 1914; and a program from the Sixty-seventh Annual Convention of the Virginia Division of the United Daughters of the Confederacy, 1962.","This subseries comprises correspondence, applications to family heritage organizations, and copies of documents regarding genealogy research on the Black, Kent, Apperson, and related families.","File contains three items in French.","Documents in this subseries pertain to applications, by members of the Black family, for membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution, Huguenot Society, Magna Carta Barons, National Society of Colonial Wars, and the Society of Colonial Dames.","Scrapbooks contain newspaper clippings, incoming correspondence and telegrams, photographs, and ephemera documenting Harvey Apperson's political career from 1933, when he ran for the State Senate, to his death in 1948, four months after Governor William Tuck appointed him Attorney General.","Five scrapbooks and one box of items removed from the scrapbooks and copied for preservation. Photographs and ephemera removed from the scrapbooks are stored in Box 15.","This series is comprised of deeds, reports, correspondence, lease agreements, and receipts pertaining to Apperson family investments in mining operations at Poverty Hollow, Tom's Creek Road, the Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company, and M.C. Slusser and Company. It also contains maps of Blacksburg Manufacturing and Mining Company coal land sold to the Hoge heirs in 1928 and maps showing property owned by the Alexander and Lizzie O. Black estate and Apperson Properties in 1937 and 1948.","The diary is an account of Louise Caton's voyage from New York to Genoa, Italy, her travels through Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, France, and England, and her return from Liverpool to New York in the summer of 1912."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_36b4a62ab56ab232aa259e6ea40349e2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers and artifacts of an interrelated family prominent in Blacksburg's history. It includes the American Civil War letters of Confederate surgeon Dr. Harvey Black, the Civil War diary of hospital steward John S. Apperson, cotton books and correspondence of Germanicus Kent, nineteenth-century account books of a Blacksburg general store, 1912 European travel diary, and the political scrapbooks of State Senator and Attorney General Harvey B. Apperson."],"names_coll_ssim":["A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son","Apperson family","Black family","Kent family","Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","A. W. Luster","Confederate States of America. Army. Stonewall Brigade","Eastern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia","Marion Foundry and Machine Works (Marion, Va.)","Preston and Olin Institute (Blacksburg, Va.)","Southwestern Lunatic Asylum of Virginia (1887-1935)","Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (1872-1896)","W. Stone \u0026 Son"],"famname_ssim":["Apperson family","Black family","Kent family"],"persname_ssim":["Amiss, Edwin","Apperson, Alex","Apperson, Elizabeth Black","Apperson, Harvey Black, 1890-1948","Apperson, John Samuel, 1837-1904","Apperson, Mary","Black, Harvey, 1827-1888","Black, Kent, active 1876-1890","Black, Mary Kent, b.1836","Caton, Louise","Kent, Germanicus, 1791-1862","Lemon, Lewis","Kent, Lewis (enslaved person)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":172,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:25:26.069Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1290_c04_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bailey, Harold Balch - papers","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","Subseries B. Alphabetical Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","Subseries B. Alphabetical Files"],"text":["Bailey-Law Collection","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files","Subseries B. Alphabetical Files","Bailey, Harold Balch - papers","box 19","folder 2","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]"],"title_filing_ssi":"Bailey, Harold Balch - papers","title_ssm":["Bailey, Harold Balch - papers"],"title_tesim":["Bailey, Harold Balch - papers"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1836-1929, n.d."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1836/1929"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey, Harold Balch - papers"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":866,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"containers_ssim":["box 19","folder 2"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#3","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:51.534Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1363.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bailey-Law Collection","title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1982.002"],"text":["Ms.1982.002","Bailey-Law Collection","Ornithology","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.","The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.","Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. ","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]","The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1982.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bailey-Law Collection was obtained in several separate accruals. The lithographed plates from Bailey's  The Birds of Florida  were donated to Special Collections in 1980. The bulk of the collection, however, was received via transfers from Virginia Tech's Department of Biology in 1982 and from the Virginia Museum of Natural History at Virginia Tech in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/368\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThough he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLaw married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note - Harold Harris Bailey","Biographical Note - John Eugene Law"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's \u003cextref href=\"https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"online catalog\"\u003eonline catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1913) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History\u003c/title\u003e, together with sample issues of the publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eContains signatures of:\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eUlysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmbrose E. Burnside [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhilip H. Sheridan [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Tyler\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Davis\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLevi P. Morton [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Claflin [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDouglas Sladen [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[S. W. Lincoln Jr.?]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrover Cleveland [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRutherford B. Hayes [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn J. Audubon [naturalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBenjamin F. Butler [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWalter Harriman [New Hampshire governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHorace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoseph [W.?] Donahue\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames M. Harvey [Kansas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn Hoffman [New York governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHans von Bulow [pianist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobert W. Chambers [American author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry Huntly Haight [California governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCharles [illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eE. M. Pease [Texas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eH. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Gaston [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry W. Longfellow [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Dean Howells [author][with poem]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMargaret J. Preston [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem] \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMarshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMorrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAsa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames Parton [author/biographer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBayard Taylor [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eThomas Hughes [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrank Stockton [author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam R. Marshall [Minnesota governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eW. L. Champney [artist][with drawing]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eP. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes original artwork] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[\"Notes \u0026amp; Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[2 folders]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[bound collection of individual checklists]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-crowned night heron\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue Jay\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIndigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast bittern\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMeadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eOrchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePewee [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWoodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlder flaycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmerican coot n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eArkansas goldfinch 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle 1927\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBank swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBarn swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-necked stilt n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBob white n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCalifornia towhee 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eClapper rail n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDuck hawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDusky seaside sparrow 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [6 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bald eagle 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bob white n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida meadowlark 1922 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida nighthawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida red-shouldered hawk 1928\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida redwing 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrasshopper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat white heron 1924\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGround dove n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHermit thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird 1902\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eLaughing gull 1910\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLazuli bunting n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMagnolia warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMyrtle warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eNashville warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNorthern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive-sided flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe 1902 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePrairie warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-billed tropic bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-cockaded woodpecker 1918\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-winged blackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuby-throat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuddy [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRusset-backed thrush 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSage grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSalt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSamuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSand swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScarlet tanager n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eTennessee warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eTowhee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVermillion flycatcher 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVesper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern mockingbird 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-throated sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWorm-eating warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanvasback duck 1917\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlicker n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida cormorant n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida jay n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFoster's tern n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGannet n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat blue heron 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreen heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHarlequin ducks n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLittle blue heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMan o'war bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePelican 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eShrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSong sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSpotted sandpiper n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWater ouzel 1905\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhistling swan 1917 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite ibis n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite pelican n.d.[2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWild turkey n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1967).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1972).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f419c7b4e4e2820af0c941b645e14b03\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1290,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:51.534Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363_c03_c02_c04"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bailey-Law Collection","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003cem\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/em\u003e and \u003cem\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/em\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1363.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bailey-Law Collection","title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1982.002"],"text":["Ms.1982.002","Bailey-Law Collection","Ornithology","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.","The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.","Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. ","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]","The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1982.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bailey-Law Collection was obtained in several separate accruals. The lithographed plates from Bailey's  The Birds of Florida  were donated to Special Collections in 1980. The bulk of the collection, however, was received via transfers from Virginia Tech's Department of Biology in 1982 and from the Virginia Museum of Natural History at Virginia Tech in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/368\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThough he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLaw married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note - Harold Harris Bailey","Biographical Note - John Eugene Law"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's \u003cextref href=\"https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"online catalog\"\u003eonline catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1913) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History\u003c/title\u003e, together with sample issues of the publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eContains signatures of:\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eUlysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmbrose E. Burnside [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhilip H. Sheridan [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Tyler\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Davis\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLevi P. Morton [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Claflin [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDouglas Sladen [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[S. W. Lincoln Jr.?]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrover Cleveland [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRutherford B. Hayes [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn J. Audubon [naturalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBenjamin F. Butler [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWalter Harriman [New Hampshire governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHorace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoseph [W.?] Donahue\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames M. Harvey [Kansas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn Hoffman [New York governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHans von Bulow [pianist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobert W. Chambers [American author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry Huntly Haight [California governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCharles [illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eE. M. Pease [Texas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eH. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Gaston [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry W. Longfellow [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Dean Howells [author][with poem]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMargaret J. Preston [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem] \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMarshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMorrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAsa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames Parton [author/biographer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBayard Taylor [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eThomas Hughes [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrank Stockton [author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam R. Marshall [Minnesota governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eW. L. Champney [artist][with drawing]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eP. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes original artwork] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[\"Notes \u0026amp; Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[2 folders]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[bound collection of individual checklists]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-crowned night heron\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue Jay\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIndigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast bittern\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMeadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eOrchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePewee [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWoodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlder flaycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmerican coot n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eArkansas goldfinch 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle 1927\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBank swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBarn swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-necked stilt n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBob white n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCalifornia towhee 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eClapper rail n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDuck hawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDusky seaside sparrow 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [6 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bald eagle 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bob white n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida meadowlark 1922 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida nighthawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida red-shouldered hawk 1928\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida redwing 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrasshopper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat white heron 1924\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGround dove n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHermit thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird 1902\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eLaughing gull 1910\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLazuli bunting n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMagnolia warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMyrtle warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eNashville warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNorthern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive-sided flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe 1902 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePrairie warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-billed tropic bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-cockaded woodpecker 1918\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-winged blackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuby-throat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuddy [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRusset-backed thrush 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSage grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSalt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSamuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSand swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScarlet tanager n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eTennessee warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eTowhee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVermillion flycatcher 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVesper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern mockingbird 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-throated sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWorm-eating warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanvasback duck 1917\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlicker n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida cormorant n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida jay n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFoster's tern n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGannet n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat blue heron 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreen heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHarlequin ducks n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLittle blue heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMan o'war bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePelican 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eShrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSong sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSpotted sandpiper n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWater ouzel 1905\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhistling swan 1917 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite ibis n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite pelican n.d.[2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWild turkey n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1967).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1972).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f419c7b4e4e2820af0c941b645e14b03\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1290,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:51.534Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1363.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Bailey-Law Collection","title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1825-1971"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1825-1971"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1982.002"],"text":["Ms.1982.002","Bailey-Law Collection","Ornithology","Science and Technology","The collection is open for research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.","The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.","Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. ","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]","The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931","The materials in the collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1982.002"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Bailey-Law Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"creators_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Bailey-Law Collection was obtained in several separate accruals. The lithographed plates from Bailey's  The Birds of Florida  were donated to Special Collections in 1980. The bulk of the collection, however, was received via transfers from Virginia Tech's Department of Biology in 1982 and from the Virginia Museum of Natural History at Virginia Tech in 2003."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ornithology","Science and Technology"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 Cubic Feet 36 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/368\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThough he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLaw married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note - Harold Harris Bailey","Biographical Note - John Eugene Law"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in East Orange, New Jersey on October 13, 1878, Harold Harris Bailey was the son of Harold Balch Bailey and Lillie Adams Taylor. As a child, Bailey moved with his parents to Newport News, Virginia, and in 1906, he married Ida Margaret Eschenburg. Bailey worked as a naval architect and ship broker, perhaps while living in California, then returned to Newport News. He served four years as game inspector for Virginia and Maryland before resigning in 1918 to devote all of his time to the management of his farm on the James River in Virginia. Meanwhile, inheriting an interest in ornithology from his father, Bailey had published The Birds of Virginia in 1913.","Bailey moved with his wife and children to Miami, Florida, where he worked with the Bureau of Biological Survey and published The Birds of Florida in 1925. During his years in Florida, Bailey was instrumental in the establishment of Everglades National Park.","In 1937, Bailey married Laura Beatty Law, and the couple in 1942 moved with their extensive collections to Goshen, Virginia, where they renovated the abandoned Rockbridge Alum Springs mineral spa and established the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. In 1961, Bailey established the Bailey Research Trust (later the Bailey Wildlife Foundation). Following Harold Bailey's death on July 24, 1962, Laura Bailey oversaw curatorial duties for the collection and presented it to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1969. She died in Lexington, Virginia on September 18, 1975.","John Eugene Law, son of John and Katherine E. Law, was born in Forest City, Iowa, on August 26, 1877. After graduating from high school in Perry, Iowa, Law attended the University of Wisconsin and Stanford University. Obtaining an A. B. in 1900, he held a series of bank positions in Pomona and Hollywood, California for the next several years before retiring from business in 1914. In 1919, he joined the California Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Paid one dollar a year, Law served first as a curator in osteology and later as a curator in ptilology. ","Though he conducted considerable research (particularly in California and the Chiricahua Mountains of Arizona), published a number of papers and amassed a sizable collection of specimens, a great portion of Law's time was devoted to administrative duties for the Western Bird-banding Association and, to a greater extent, the Cooper Ornithological Club. He joined the COC in 1900 and would hold several key positions (Southern Division president, 1905, 1913-1915; vice-president, 1916-1917; secretary, 1906-1912; business manager, 1907-1925; president, board of governors, 1925). ","Law married Laura Mauldin Beatty (1886-1975) in Los Angeles on January 20, 1915. Sharing an interest in ornithology, the couple often performed field work together, especially in bird-banding. John Eugene Law died on November 14, 1931. In 1937, Laura Beatty Law married another ornithologist, Harold Bailey."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Bailey-Law Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Bailey-Law Collection, Ms1982-002, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement and description of the Bailey-Law Collection commenced in June 2009 and was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBooks from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's \u003cextref href=\"https://catalog.lib.vt.edu/\" title=\"online catalog\"\u003eonline catalog\u003c/extref\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. \u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Books from the Bailey-Law Collection may be found by performing a keyword search on \"Bailey-Law Collection\" in the library's  online catalog . ","The extensive collection of bird skins, bird eggs, and mammal skins amassed by Law and Bailey were given to Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University's Department of Biology in 1969. In 1990, the collection was transferred to the Virginia Tech branch of the Virginia Museum of Natural History. When the branch closed in 2003, most of the collection was transferred to the Virginia Museum of Natural History in Martinsville; the remainder was retained by Virginia Tech's Department of Biology. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following series: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e (1913) and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eBulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History\u003c/title\u003e, together with sample issues of the publication. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUnique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSubseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e. The photographs have been divided among the following categories: \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e, nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003chead\u003eContains signatures of:\u003c/head\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eUlysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmbrose E. Burnside [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhilip H. Sheridan [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Tyler\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJ. Davis\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLevi P. Morton [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Claflin [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDouglas Sladen [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[S. W. Lincoln Jr.?]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrover Cleveland [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRutherford B. Hayes [United States president]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn J. Audubon [naturalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBenjamin F. Butler [Union Army general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWalter Harriman [New Hampshire governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHorace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJoseph [W.?] Donahue\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames M. Harvey [Kansas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJohn Hoffman [New York governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHans von Bulow [pianist]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobert W. Chambers [American author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry Huntly Haight [California governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGeo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCharles [illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eE. M. Pease [Texas governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eH. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Gaston [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHenry W. Longfellow [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Dean Howells [author][with poem]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMargaret J. Preston [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem] \u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMarshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMorrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAsa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJames Parton [author/biographer]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBayard Taylor [poet]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eThomas Hughes [English author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[illegible]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFrank Stockton [author]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilliam R. Marshall [Minnesota governor]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eW. L. Champney [artist][with drawing]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eP. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[includes original artwork] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[\"Notes \u0026amp; Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[see also Oversize Materials]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[2 folders]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[bound collection of individual checklists]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-crowned night heron\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue Jay\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIndigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast bittern\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMeadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eOrchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePewee [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWoodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eAlder flaycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eAmerican coot n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eArkansas goldfinch 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle 1927\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBank swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBarn swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack-necked stilt n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBob white n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCalifornia towhee 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanadian warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eClapper rail n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDuck hawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eDusky seaside sparrow 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [6 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bald eagle 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida bob white n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida meadowlark 1922 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida nighthawk n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida red-shouldered hawk 1928\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida redwing 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eGrasshopper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat white heron 1924\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGround dove n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHermit thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingbird 1902\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eLaughing gull 1910\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLazuli bunting n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMagnolia warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMyrtle warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eNashville warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNorthern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOlive-sided flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe 1902 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePrairie warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-billed tropic bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-cockaded woodpecker 1918\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-winged blackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuby-throat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuddy [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRusset-backed thrush 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSage grouse n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSalt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSamuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSand swallow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScarlet tanager n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eTennessee warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eTowhee n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVermillion flycatcher 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVesper sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern flycatcher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern mockingbird 1920\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite-throated sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWilson's warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWorm-eating warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-billed cuckoo n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanvasback duck 1917\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCatbird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChestnut-sided warbler n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChickadee n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChimney swift n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eChipping sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eDowny woodpecker n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eField sparrow n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlamingo n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlicker n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida cormorant n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFlorida jay n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFoster's tern n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGannet n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreat blue heron 1904\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreen heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHarlequin ducks n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHooded warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHouse wren n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eKingfisher n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLeast tern n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLittle blue heron n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLoggerhead shrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLouisiana water thrush n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMan o'war bird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOvenbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePelican 1935\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhoebe n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eRed-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRedstart n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRobin n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eScreech owl n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eShrike n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSong sparrow n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e[Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSpotted sandpiper n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWater ouzel 1905\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWestern yellowthroat n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhip-poor-will n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhistling swan 1917 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite ibis n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhite pelican n.d.[2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWild turkey n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood ibis n.d. [4 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWood thrush n.d. [3 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eYellow warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBald eagle n.d. [2 copies]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaltimore oriole n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlack albatross 1913 [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlackbird n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-footed booby n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBlue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBluebird n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBridled tern 1921\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown pelican n.d.\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBrown thrasher n.d. [2 items]\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content","Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.","The collection is organized into the following series: ","Series I. John Eugene Law Papers, 1891-1931. This series is arranged in three subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1902-1930. Most significant among Law's correspondence is a large collection of letters between Law and Joseph Grinnell, director of the University of California's Museum of Vertebrate Zoology. Also included is correspondence with a handful of other naturalists. Arranged by correspondent name.","Subseries B. Subject files, 1912-1930. This subseries, containing mostly handwritten notes, consists of a collection of subject files maintained by Law concerning bird species, behavior and physiology. Included are large files on toxostoma (probably from Law's 1928 article on the curve-billed thrasher) as well as the Chiricahua Mountains of New Mexico, to which Law devoted a number of research trips. Arranged alphabetically by subject matter.","Subseries C. Research and field work, 1891-1931. This subseries includes materials produced by Law while performing ornithological research in the library and the field. Included are a series of research notebooks consisting largely of data gleaned from published sources. Among the field journals also contained in this subseries are notes on bird, nest and egg observations and collections made in California, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin and unidentified locations. Arranged by document type.","Series II. Harold Harris Bailey Papers, 1910-1967. This series is arranged in five subseries:","Subseries A. Correspondence, 1915-1959. This small set of letters relates to ornithology as well as more general matters. Arranged chronologically.","Subseries B. Field and Research Work, 1911-1967. Bailey's field notes are contained in this subseries, as are a collection of bird banding records (which were likely commenced by John Eugene Law before being continued by Bailey), and various materials relating to Bailey's collections, including a case--used by both Bailey and his father--for collecting eggs.","Subseries C. Subject Files, 1910-1953. This brief subseries includes a handful of topics on which Bailey collected materials. Foremost among the topics is Bailey's longstanding, albeit seemingly one-sided, feud with the American Ornithologists' Union and the Cooper Ornithological Club, resulting from Bailey's stance on the 1931 A.O.U. checklist and other matters. ","Subseries D. Publications, 1913-1947. Included within these files are materials arising from the publication of Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia  (1913) and  The Birds of Florida  (1925). The subseries contains production correspondence, promotional material, and sales records. Also included are correspondence and lists relating to the  Bulletin of the Bailey Museum and Library of Natural History , together with sample issues of the publication. ","Subseries E. Rockbridge Alum Springs, 1945-1962. Various topics relating to the Baileys' establishment and operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory are contained in this subseries. Included are files on Bailey's attempt to have a flyway lake constructed at the springs, an ongoing battle with trespassing hunters, requests for game and fish stock, the possible acquisition of adjoining lands, and the creation of a naturalists portrait gallery. Throughout the correspondence in this subseries, as elsewhere within the collection, Bailey's letters overflow with vitriol and belligerence, particularly against the academic naturalist establishment. When not criticizing fellow naturalists, he directs barbs against such general topics as the New Deal, the Civil Rights Movement, and communism.","Series III. Naturalists Biographical Files, 1825-1971. Comprising the core of the collection, the biographical files represent the Baileys' attempt to compile reference files on 19th- and 20- century naturalists. (The Baileys had titled the collection the Naturalist Autograph Files, but because the collection comprises more than autographs, it was given a broader title during processing.) The collection contains a broad scope of materials, ranging from correspondence to field notes, biographical sketches, printed materials, and photographs. Included among these are items that the Baileys \"inherited\" from other naturalists, as well as materials on a few individuals not known as naturalists, including letters signed by U. S. President Herbert Hoover and author James Branch Cabell, as well as a painting by artist Carl Moon.","Unique among the materials in this series is an autograph book maintained by Harold Balch Bailey, containing the autographs of notable 19th-century personages, including U. S. presidents and other political leaders; Union Army generals; authors; musicians; and artists. Also among the elder Bailey's papers are some documents regarding a 19th-century Massachusetts militia, including an item signed by John Quincy Adams. Other unusual items include Charles Townsend's file of material on Easter Island and a notebook of natural science observations maintained by Herman Haupt Jr. The series is arranged in two subseries:","Subseries A. Numerical files, 1825-1970. The files in this subseries comprise the Baileys' original \"Naturalist Autograph Files\" and remain as the couple compiled them. Each name is associated with a unique number, and the files are arranged numerically, with two indexes to the collection at the end. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries II. ","Subseries B. Alphabetical files, 1836-1971. The files in this subseries were compiled from materials found loose within the collection. The items seem to have been intended by the Baileys for their autograph files but had yet to be integrated. The collection includes the same types of materials found in the numbered folders but is arranged alphabetically. Many of the names represented in these files may also be found in Subseries I. At the end of the subseries is a bound set of various collectors' egg catalogs.","Series IV. Printed Material, 1882-1969. This series includes a small selection of printed materials deemed best left with the manuscript collection when other printed materials were transferred to the Rare Book Collection. Most significant among the holdings are materials of the Cooper Ornithological Club / Cooper Ornithological Society and a collection of catalogs offering bird eggs, bird skins, cabinetry, and supplies for ornithologists, naturalists and taxidermists. Arranged by subject matter.","Series V. Images, 1904-1942. This series is arranged by format in two subseries: ","Subseries A. Color Plates and Other Illustrations, 1913-1922. This subseries consists largely of color plates detached from various illustrated publications, as well as sets of color prints. Other illustrations and paintings associated with individuals may be found in Series III.","Subseries B. Photographs, 1902-1937. Considering the breadth of Bailey and Law's research and collecting activities during a span of several decades, the collection contains relatively few photographs. Included is are full sets of original photos and half-tones used for Bailey's  The Birds of Virginia . The photographs have been divided among the following categories:  The Birds of Virginia , nests and eggs, birds, people, exhibits, specimens, and scenery. Included among the scenery are a few photos and postcards of Mountain Lake, the Cascades and Castle Rock in Giles County, Virginia. Photographs made by and of identified naturalists may be found in Series III.","[includes material relating to 19th-century Massachusetts militia units, one item bearing the signature of John Quincy Adams]","Contains signatures of: Ulysses S. Grant [Union Army general and United States president] Ambrose E. Burnside [Union Army general] William Tecumseh Sherman [Union Army general] Philip H. Sheridan [Union Army general] J. Tyler J. Davis Henry P. Baldwin [Michigan governor] Levi P. Morton [United States vice-president] Hannibal Hamlin [United States vice-president] William Claflin [Massachusetts governor] Douglas Sladen [English author] [S. W. Lincoln Jr.?] Grover Cleveland [United States president] Frances Folsom Cleveland [United States first lady] Rutherford B. Hayes [United States president] John J. Audubon [naturalist] Joshua L. Chamberlain [Maine governor] Benjamin F. Butler [Union Army general] Geo. H. Hepworth [minister and journalist] Walter Harriman [New Hampshire governor] Horace Greeley [newspaper editor; 1872 presidential candidate] Joseph [W.?] Donahue James M. Harvey [Kansas governor] John W. Geary [Pennsylvania governor] John Hoffman [New York governor] Hans von Bulow [pianist] Lucius Fairchild [Wisconsin governor] Robert W. Chambers [American author] Henry Huntly Haight [California governor] Geo. S. Boutwell [United States secretary of the treasury] Henry L. Pierce [Massachusetts congressman] Charles [illegible] E. M. Pease [Texas governor] H. L. Dawes [Massachusetts senator] William Gaston [Massachusetts governor] Alexander H. Rice [Massachusetts governor] Henry W. Longfellow [poet] William Dean Howells [author][with poem] Margaret J. Preston [poet] Oliver Wendall Holmes [United States Supreme Court justice][with poem]  William Cullen Bryant [poet and newspaper editor] Nathaniel B. Shurtleff [Boston mayor] Aaron V. Brown [United States postmaster-general] Marshall Jewell [United States postmaster-general] Morrison Remick Waite [United States Supreme Court chief justice] William Worth Belknap [United States secretary of war] Asa Gray [Harvard University professor of botany] Olive Thorne Miller [naturalist and children's writer] James Parton [author/biographer] Bayard Taylor [poet] Thomas Hughes [English author] [illegible] Frank Stockton [author] William R. Marshall [Minnesota governor] W. L. Champney [artist][with drawing] P. A. Rearick [United States Navy captain]","[notebook containing color plates extracted from unidentified publication]","[includes original artwork] ","[see also Oversize Materials]","[\"Notes \u0026 Memoranda Relating to Natural Science in General as Observed and Collected\"]","[see also Oversize Materials]","[photographs and research materials relating to Rapa Nui (also known as Easter Island)] ","[2 folders]","[bound collection of individual checklists]","[identified by Bailey as being from reports of the New York Fish Commission]","Baltimore oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Blackbird Black-crowned night heron Blue Jay Bluebird [2 items] Bobolink [accompanied by black-and-white original] Brown thrasher [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Catbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Chimney swift [accompanied by black-and-white original Chipping sparrow Crow Field sparrow Indigo bunting [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Kingbird [accompanied by black-and-white original] Kingfisher [accompanied by black-and-white original] Least bittern Louisiana water thrush [accompanied by black-and-white original Meadowlark [accompanied by black-and-white original]","Orchard oriole [accompanied by black-and-white original] Ovenbird Pewee [accompanied by black-and-white original] Red-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Robin","Whip-poor-will [accompanied by black-and-white original] White-eyed vireo [accompanied by black-and-white original] Woodcock [accompanied by black-and-white original Yellow-billed cuckoo Yellow-breasted chat [accompanied by black-and-white original","Alder flaycatcher n.d. American coot n.d. [2 items] Arkansas goldfinch 1904 Bald eagle 1927 Bank swallow n.d. Barn swallow n.d.","Black and white warbler (with cowbird) n.d. Black-billed cuckoo n.d. Black-headed grosbeak n.d. [2 copies] Black-necked stilt n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. Bob white n.d. [2 items]","California towhee 1904 Canadian grouse n.d. Canadian warbler n.d. Cape sable seaside sparrow 1921, n.d.","Chestnut-sided warbler 1902, n.d. [3 items] Chickadee n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Clapper rail n.d. Downy woodpecker n.d. Duck hawk n.d. Dusky seaside sparrow 1920","Field sparrow n.d. Flamingo n.d. [6 items] Florida bald eagle 1921 Florida bob white n.d. Florida meadowlark 1922 [2 items] Florida nighthawk n.d. Florida red-shouldered hawk 1928 Florida redwing 1920","Grasshopper sparrow n.d. Great white heron 1924 Ground dove n.d. [2 items] Hermit thrush n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. House wren n.d. Kingbird 1902 Kingfisher n.d.","Laughing gull 1910 Lazuli bunting n.d. Least flycatcher (with cowbird) n.d. Least tern n.d. [2 items] Loggerhead shrike n.d. Magnolia warbler n.d. Myrtle warbler n.d.","Nashville warbler n.d. Northern yellowthroat n.d. Olive-sided flycatcher n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Phoebe 1902 [2 items] Prairie warbler n.d.","Red-billed tropic bird n.d. Red-cockaded woodpecker 1918 Red-winged blackbird n.d. Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. Ruby-throat n.d. Ruddy [2 items] Russet-backed thrush 1904","Sage grouse n.d. Salt marsh yellow throat n.d. [2 items] Samuel's song sparrow n.d. [2 items] Sand swallow n.d. Scarlet tanager n.d. Screech owl n.d.","Tennessee warbler n.d. Towhee n.d. Vermillion flycatcher 1935 Vesper sparrow n.d. Western flycatcher n.d. Western mockingbird 1920 Western red-tailed hawk 1904 [2 copies] White-crowned pigeon 1921, n.d. White-throated sparrow n.d.","Wilson's plover 1932 n.d. [3 items] Wilson's thrush n.d. Wilson's warbler n.d. Wood ibis n.d. [2 items] Wood thrush n.d. Worm-eating warbler n.d. Yellow-billed cuckoo n.d. Yellow warbler n.d.","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","Canada goose 1917, n.d. [3 items] Canvasback duck 1917 Catbird n.d. [2 items] Chestnut-sided warbler n.d. Chickadee n.d. [2 items] Chimney swift n.d. Chipping sparrow n.d. Crow n.d.","Downy woodpecker n.d. Field sparrow n.d. [3 items] Flamingo n.d. [3 items] Flicker n.d. [2 items]","Florida burrowing owl 1920, n.d. [2 items] Florida cormorant n.d. Florida jay n.d. Foster's tern n.d. Gannet n.d. [2 items] Great blue heron 1904 Green heron n.d. Harlequin ducks n.d. Hooded warbler n.d. [2 items] House wren n.d.","Kingfisher n.d. Least tern n.d. [3 items] Little blue heron n.d. Loggerhead shrike n.d. Louisiana water thrush n.d. Man o'war bird n.d. Ovenbird n.d. Pelican 1935 Phoebe n.d. [3 items]","Red-eyed vireo n.d. [4 items] Redstart n.d. Robin n.d. [3 items] Rose-breasted grosbeak n.d. [2 items]","Screech owl n.d. [3 items] Shrike n.d. Song sparrow n.d. [Southeastern American kestrel] n.d. [4 items] Spotted sandpiper n.d.","Water ouzel 1905 Western yellowthroat n.d. Whip-poor-will n.d. Whistling swan 1917 [2 items] White albatross 1913 [2 items] White ibis n.d. White pelican n.d.[2 items] Wild turkey n.d. [2 items]","Wood ibis n.d. [4 items] Wood thrush n.d. [3 items] Yellow-breasted chat n.d. [2 items] Yellow warbler n.d. [2 items]","Bald eagle n.d. [2 copies] Baltimore oriole n.d. Black albatross 1913 [2 items] Blackbird n.d. Blue-footed booby n.d. Blue-winged warbler n.d. [2 items] Bluebird n.d. [2 items] Bridled tern 1921 Brown pelican n.d. Brown thrasher n.d. [2 items]","[artist unknown; given to Bailey by Charles Townsend]"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n\u003clist\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1967).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026amp; Co., 1972).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003e\nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Material"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following maps from the collection were transferred to the Historical Map Collection:\n \nAlleghany County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBland County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nBotetourt County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCarroll County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nCraig County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1967).\n \nDelaware - Maryland - Virginia - West Virginia ([S.l.]: Rand McNally \u0026 Co., 1972).\n \nDelaware, Maryland, Virginia-West Virginia (San Jose, CA: H. M. Gousha Co., 1973).\n \nFloyd County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGeological Map of the Dominion of Canada ([Ottawa]: Department of the Interior, 1909).\n \nGeorge Washington National Forest, Virginia-West Virginia ([Washington, DC]: U. S. Department of Agriculture, 1950).\n \nGiles County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nGrayson County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nMap of Mexico (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1916).\n \nMap of the New Balkan States and Central Europe ([S.l.: National Geographic Society, [1914?]).\n \nMaryland, Delaware, District of Columbia, Virginia, and West Virginia Road Map for 1930 (New York: General Drafting Co., 1938).\n \nMillboro, Virginia Quadrangle (Washington, DC: U. S. Geological Survey, 1949).\n \nThe National Geographic Magazine Map of Mexico ([Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1911?]).\n \nPatrick County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1941).\n \nPittsylvania County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1942).\n \nPittsylvania County [subdivisions] (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1942?]).\n \nPresenting Your Map of Rockbridge County, Virginia (Portland, OR: Western States Map Company, [n.d.]).\n \nPulaski County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n \nRoanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1940).\n \nShell Official Road Map of Delaware - Maryland - Virginia - W. Virginia, n.d. (Chicago: H. M. Gousha Co., [1938].\n \nSovereignty and Mandate Boundary Lines in 1921 of the Islands of the Pacific (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 1921).\n \nSubdivisions of Roanoke County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, [1940]).\n \nTerritory of Arizona ([Washington, D.C.: Government Land Office], 1903).\n \nTopographical Map of the Guy's Run Iron Lands, Rockbridge Co., Va. (Staunton, VA: Eng. Office of Jed. Hotchkiss, 1878). [reproduction]\n \nWise County, Showing the Primary and Secondary Highway Systems (Richmond: Virginia Department of Highways, 1947).\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction . Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form:  http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f419c7b4e4e2820af0c941b645e14b03\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books, \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Virginia\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Birds of Florida\u003c/title\u003e, as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains the papers of ornithologists John Eugene Law and Harold H. Bailey, including notes on bird species, habitat, and behavior; correspondence; field journals; printed materials; photographs and other images. Among Bailey's papers are files relating to his books,  The Birds of Virginia  and  The Birds of Florida , as well as his operation of the Rockbridge Alum Springs Biological Laboratory. Also includes biographical files on hundreds of other naturalists and ornithologists, including such materials as correspondence, writings, photographs, field notes, and biographical sketches."],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"persname_ssim":["Bailey, Harold H. (Harold Harris), 1878-1962","Law, John Eugene, 1877-1931"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1290,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:18:51.534Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1363"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Barbara Brotherton, Sister","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01","viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Brotherton Family Collection","Series I: Correspondences","William H. Brotherton"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Brotherton Family Collection","Series I: Correspondences","William H. Brotherton"],"text":["Brotherton Family Collection","Series I: Correspondences","William H. Brotherton","Barbara Brotherton, Sister","box 1","folder 26"],"title_filing_ssi":"Barbara Brotherton, Sister","title_ssm":["Barbara Brotherton, Sister"],"title_tesim":["Barbara Brotherton, Sister"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1855-1856"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1855/1856"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barbara Brotherton, Sister"],"component_level_isim":[3],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":32,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1855,1856],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 26"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#1","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:19:11.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4273.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Brotherton Family Collection","title_ssm":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"title_tesim":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1854-1887"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1854-1887"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2024.062"],"text":["Ms.2024.062","Brotherton Family Collection","Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Poems","The collection is open for research.","The collection is arranged into three series, Correspondences, Newspapers, and Papers. The Correspondences are organized by who received the letters, and most letters were sent to Sadie Brotherton and William H. Brotherton. Within that, the letters are organized by author and are in chronological order. Papers contains primarily handwritten documents, and these are organized by the type of document.","The Brotherton family resided in Pennsylvania. William H. Brotherton was born on October 01, 1833. He worked as a store merchant.  In 1863, he was drafted into the Union Army in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Some of his letters were written to Sadie during his service during the Civil War. After the war, he passed away on December 12, 1867. ","Susan \"Sadie\" Smith Brotherton born on April 27, 1841. After her husband's death, she lived with her brother and children until her death on January 16, 1907. ","Bibliography","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC, USA; Consolidated Lists of Civil War Draft Registration Records (Provost Marshal General's Bureau; Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865); Record Group: 110; Collection Name: Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865 (Civil War Union Draft Records); NAI: 4213514; Archive Volume Number: 1 of 4.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: M653_1112; Page: 990; Family History Library Film: 805112.  Ancestry . ","Ancestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.  Ancestry . ","Ancestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.  Ancestry .","Year: 1880; Census Place: Waynesborough, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1132; Page: 590b; Enumeration District: 115.  Ancestry .","Year: 1900; Census Place: Waynesboro Ward 3, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1413; Page: 3; Enumeration District: 0065.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171b.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171a.  Ancestry","The guide to the Brotherton Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Brotherton Family Collection was completed in June 2024.","The Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters, newspaper clippings, newspapers, and family papers. The letters were written in the 1850s and 1860s by friends and family of William H. and Sadie Brotherton. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joseph and Sitting Bull. ","The collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.","There are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays. ","Series I: Correspondences contains letters written to Sadie and William Brotherton, along with a few letters written to others. Some of these letters do not specify who it written to or from. These additional letters are sorted together in chronological order. All other letters are organized by the recepient, Sadie Brotherton or William H. Brotherton. Sadie's letters primarily consist of letters from William, her immediate family, including one of her sisters and two of her brothers, her extended family members, and her friends. William H. Brotherton's letters were primarily written by his siblings, especially his brother James. He also received letters from extended family members, friends, and Sadie. ","Series II: Newspapers primarily contains newspaper clippings of poems. There is also a copy of the New York Tribute from 1887. Another folder contains a newspaper clipping that held a lock of hair inside of it, and the hair is included in the folder. ","Series III: Papers consists of family paper documents. There are business cards for William H. Brotherton, committee papers, financial documents, printed flyers, written fragments, a marriage announcement for William and Sadie's daughter Helen Brotherton, and writings. The writings consist of poems, songs, and essays. They are not attributed to a specific author and do not have dates. One poem example is a romantic poem, with one stanza, \"I look around, and feel along / And then there falls a tear / For oh! Thou art not here my love / For oh! Thou art not here.\" One of the handwritten song lyrics papers includes a reference to the 'chorus.'","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters written during the 1850s and 1860s by members of the William H. and Sadie Brotherton family. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joesph and Sitting Bull. \n\nThe collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.\n\nThere are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center","Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)","Materials in this collection are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2024.062"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"collection_title_tesim":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"collection_ssim":["Brotherton Family Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"creator_ssm":["Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center","Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"creator_ssim":["Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center","Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"creators_ssim":["Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center","Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by the Montgomery Museum of Art and History to Special Collections in August 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Poems"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil War","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Correspondence","Poems"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.4 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["1.4 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Poems"],"date_range_isim":[1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into three series, Correspondences, Newspapers, and Papers. The Correspondences are organized by who received the letters, and most letters were sent to Sadie Brotherton and William H. Brotherton. Within that, the letters are organized by author and are in chronological order. Papers contains primarily handwritten documents, and these are organized by the type of document.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into three series, Correspondences, Newspapers, and Papers. The Correspondences are organized by who received the letters, and most letters were sent to Sadie Brotherton and William H. Brotherton. Within that, the letters are organized by author and are in chronological order. Papers contains primarily handwritten documents, and these are organized by the type of document."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Brotherton family resided in Pennsylvania. William H. Brotherton was born on October 01, 1833. He worked as a store merchant.  In 1863, he was drafted into the Union Army in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Some of his letters were written to Sadie during his service during the Civil War. After the war, he passed away on December 12, 1867. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSusan \"Sadie\" Smith Brotherton born on April 27, 1841. After her husband's death, she lived with her brother and children until her death on January 16, 1907. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBibliography\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC, USA; Consolidated Lists of Civil War Draft Registration Records (Provost Marshal General's Bureau; Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865); Record Group: 110; Collection Name: Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865 (Civil War Union Draft Records); NAI: 4213514; Archive Volume Number: 1 of 4. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/1055230:1666?tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=4178c6ad-8593-463e-84c9-e3396d9beac0\u0026amp;_phsrc=sRZ59\u0026amp;_phstart=successSource\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: M653_1112; Page: 990; Family History Library Film: 805112. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/3736552:7667\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAncestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/10518198:60525?tid=\u0026amp;pid=\u0026amp;queryId=4178c6ad-8593-463e-84c9-e3396d9beac0\u0026amp;_phsrc=sRZ59\u0026amp;_phstart=successSource\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAncestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/9982245:60525\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYear: 1880; Census Place: Waynesborough, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1132; Page: 590b; Enumeration District: 115. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/37404981:6742\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eYear: 1900; Census Place: Waynesboro Ward 3, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1413; Page: 3; Enumeration District: 0065. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/46819027:7602\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171b. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/156918:8054\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171a. \u003ca href=\"https://www.ancestrylibrary.com/discoveryui-content/view/156895:8054\"\u003eAncestry\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Brotherton family resided in Pennsylvania. William H. Brotherton was born on October 01, 1833. He worked as a store merchant.  In 1863, he was drafted into the Union Army in Franklin County, Pennsylvania. Some of his letters were written to Sadie during his service during the Civil War. After the war, he passed away on December 12, 1867. ","Susan \"Sadie\" Smith Brotherton born on April 27, 1841. After her husband's death, she lived with her brother and children until her death on January 16, 1907. ","Bibliography","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Washington, DC, USA; Consolidated Lists of Civil War Draft Registration Records (Provost Marshal General's Bureau; Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865); Record Group: 110; Collection Name: Consolidated Enrollment Lists, 1863-1865 (Civil War Union Draft Records); NAI: 4213514; Archive Volume Number: 1 of 4.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington D.C.; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M653; Residence Date: 1860; Home in 1860: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: M653_1112; Page: 990; Family History Library Film: 805112.  Ancestry . ","Ancestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.  Ancestry . ","Ancestry.com. U.S., Find a Grave® Index, 1600s-Current [database on-line]. Lehi, UT, USA: Ancestry.com Operations, Inc., 2012.  Ancestry .","Year: 1880; Census Place: Waynesborough, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1132; Page: 590b; Enumeration District: 115.  Ancestry .","Year: 1900; Census Place: Waynesboro Ward 3, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 1413; Page: 3; Enumeration District: 0065.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171b.  Ancestry .","The National Archives in Washington, DC; Record Group: Records of the Bureau of the Census; Record Group Number: 29; Series Number: M432; Residence Date: 1850; Home in 1850: Waynesboro, Franklin, Pennsylvania; Roll: 781; Page: 171a.  Ancestry"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Brotherton Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Brotherton Family Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Brotherton Family Collection, 1854-1887, Ms2024-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Brotherton Family Collection, 1854-1887, Ms2024-062, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Brotherton Family Collection was completed in June 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Brotherton Family Collection was completed in June 2024."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters, newspaper clippings, newspapers, and family papers. The letters were written in the 1850s and 1860s by friends and family of William H. and Sadie Brotherton. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joseph and Sitting Bull. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondences contains letters written to Sadie and William Brotherton, along with a few letters written to others. Some of these letters do not specify who it written to or from. These additional letters are sorted together in chronological order. All other letters are organized by the recepient, Sadie Brotherton or William H. Brotherton. Sadie's letters primarily consist of letters from William, her immediate family, including one of her sisters and two of her brothers, her extended family members, and her friends. William H. Brotherton's letters were primarily written by his siblings, especially his brother James. He also received letters from extended family members, friends, and Sadie. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Newspapers primarily contains newspaper clippings of poems. There is also a copy of the New York Tribute from 1887. Another folder contains a newspaper clipping that held a lock of hair inside of it, and the hair is included in the folder. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Papers consists of family paper documents. There are business cards for William H. Brotherton, committee papers, financial documents, printed flyers, written fragments, a marriage announcement for William and Sadie's daughter Helen Brotherton, and writings. The writings consist of poems, songs, and essays. They are not attributed to a specific author and do not have dates. One poem example is a romantic poem, with one stanza, \"I look around, and feel along / And then there falls a tear / For oh! Thou art not here my love / For oh! Thou art not here.\" One of the handwritten song lyrics papers includes a reference to the 'chorus.'\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters, newspaper clippings, newspapers, and family papers. The letters were written in the 1850s and 1860s by friends and family of William H. and Sadie Brotherton. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joseph and Sitting Bull. ","The collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.","There are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays. ","Series I: Correspondences contains letters written to Sadie and William Brotherton, along with a few letters written to others. Some of these letters do not specify who it written to or from. These additional letters are sorted together in chronological order. All other letters are organized by the recepient, Sadie Brotherton or William H. Brotherton. Sadie's letters primarily consist of letters from William, her immediate family, including one of her sisters and two of her brothers, her extended family members, and her friends. William H. Brotherton's letters were primarily written by his siblings, especially his brother James. He also received letters from extended family members, friends, and Sadie. ","Series II: Newspapers primarily contains newspaper clippings of poems. There is also a copy of the New York Tribute from 1887. Another folder contains a newspaper clipping that held a lock of hair inside of it, and the hair is included in the folder. ","Series III: Papers consists of family paper documents. There are business cards for William H. Brotherton, committee papers, financial documents, printed flyers, written fragments, a marriage announcement for William and Sadie's daughter Helen Brotherton, and writings. The writings consist of poems, songs, and essays. They are not attributed to a specific author and do not have dates. One poem example is a romantic poem, with one stanza, \"I look around, and feel along / And then there falls a tear / For oh! Thou art not here my love / For oh! Thou art not here.\" One of the handwritten song lyrics papers includes a reference to the 'chorus.'"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_365378f1ecb38fd9b475eb83b6b4ff16\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters written during the 1850s and 1860s by members of the William H. and Sadie Brotherton family. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joesph and Sitting Bull. \n\nThe collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.\n\nThere are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Brotherton Family Collection contains over 300 letters written during the 1850s and 1860s by members of the William H. and Sadie Brotherton family. The letters represent the Civil War era with letters that discuss the election of Abraham Lincoln and letters written by William Brotherton from a Confederate Prison at Richmond, Virginia. Most letters were written prior to the Civil War. There are also post-war letters written to William from his brother David, who served in the Army during the battles with the Navajo in New Mexico. He was part of the pursuit and capture of Chief Joesph and Sitting Bull. \n\nThe collection also contains newspaper clippings and copies of newspapers.\n\nThere are also handwritten papers, with many written by William Brotherton. These consist of papers related to a committee that William participated in, some financial documents, flyers, fragments, and other writings. The writings contain poems, songs, and essays."],"names_coll_ssim":["Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center","Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Montgomery Museum and Lewis Miller Regional Art Center"],"famname_ssim":["Brotherton family (Pennsylvania)"],"language_ssim":["Materials in this collection are in English."],"total_component_count_is":70,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:19:11.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4273_c01_c04_c02"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Barclay Shipping Ledger","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081_c01","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081_c01"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081_c01","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","parent_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"text":["Barclay Shipping Ledger","Barclay Shipping Ledger","box 1"],"title_filing_ssi":"Barclay Shipping Ledger","title_ssm":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1878"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1847/1878"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"component_level_isim":[1],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\nhttp://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:16:47.557Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4081","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4081.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Barclay Shipping Ledger","title_ssm":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"title_tesim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"unitdate_ssm":["1847-1878"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1847-1878"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2023.036"],"text":["Ms.2023.036","Barclay Shipping Ledger","Norfolk (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slave trade","Slavery -- United States","Ledgers (account books)","The collection is open for research.","The Barclay family included Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia. ","There are a Solomon T. Barclay (1818-1874) and a Lewis B. Barclay (1855-1918) buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia.","External sources:","\"Solomon Tatem Barclay\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/191510492/solomon-tatem-barclay , accessed June 8, 2023.","\"Lewis Boutwell Barclay Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/38100253/lewis-boutwell-barclay , accessed June 8, 2023.","The guide to the Barclay Shipping Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ ).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Barclay Shipping Ledger was completed in June 2023.","The Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going throughout Virginia from 1847-1878. The ledger includes records of auctioneers of enslaved persons and other agents involved in Virginia trade. The ledger also contains personal prayers, poems and debts owed to members of the Barclay family, to include Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going through Virginia from 1847-1878. The ledger includes records of auctioneers of enslaved persons.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Barclay family (Virginia)","The material in this collection is in English."],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2023.036"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"collection_title_tesim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"collection_ssim":["Barclay Shipping Ledger"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Barclay family (Virginia)"],"creator_ssim":["Barclay family (Virginia)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Barclay family (Virginia)"],"creators_ssim":["Barclay family (Virginia)"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Barclay Shipping Ledger was purchased by Special Collections and University Archives in August 2017."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slave trade","Slavery -- United States","Ledgers (account books)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Slave trade","Slavery -- United States","Ledgers (account books)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.4 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.4 Cubic Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Ledgers (account books)"],"date_range_isim":[1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Barclay family included Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere are a Solomon T. Barclay (1818-1874) and a Lewis B. Barclay (1855-1918) buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eExternal sources:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Solomon Tatem Barclay\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/191510492/solomon-tatem-barclay\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/191510492/solomon-tatem-barclay\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 8, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"Lewis Boutwell Barclay Sr.\", Findagrave.com, \u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/38100253/lewis-boutwell-barclay\"\u003ehttps://www.findagrave.com/memorial/38100253/lewis-boutwell-barclay\u003c/a\u003e, accessed June 8, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note "],"bioghist_tesim":["The Barclay family included Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia. ","There are a Solomon T. Barclay (1818-1874) and a Lewis B. Barclay (1855-1918) buried in Oak Grove Cemetery, Portsmouth, Virginia.","External sources:","\"Solomon Tatem Barclay\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/191510492/solomon-tatem-barclay , accessed June 8, 2023.","\"Lewis Boutwell Barclay Sr.\", Findagrave.com,  https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/38100253/lewis-boutwell-barclay , accessed June 8, 2023."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Barclay Shipping Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Barclay Shipping Ledger by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 ( https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/ )."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Barclay Shipping Ledger, 1847-1878, Ms2023-036, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Barclay Shipping Ledger, 1847-1878, Ms2023-036, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Barclay Shipping Ledger was completed in June 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Barclay Shipping Ledger was completed in June 2023."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going throughout Virginia from 1847-1878. The ledger includes records of auctioneers of enslaved persons and other agents involved in Virginia trade. The ledger also contains personal prayers, poems and debts owed to members of the Barclay family, to include Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going throughout Virginia from 1847-1878. The ledger includes records of auctioneers of enslaved persons and other agents involved in Virginia trade. The ledger also contains personal prayers, poems and debts owed to members of the Barclay family, to include Solomon T. Barclay and Lewis B. Barclay from Hampton Roads, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n\u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions\nmay apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for\nassistance in determining the use of these materials. ","Reproduction or\ndigitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using\nour reproduction/digitization form:  http://bit.ly/scuareproduction .","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can\nbe requested using our publication/exhibition form:\n http://bit.ly/scuapublication . Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5900a5fb46fa18b8335225cf18904daa\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going through Virginia from 1847-1878. The ledger includes records of auctioneers of enslaved persons.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Barclay Shipping Ledger from Norfolk, Virginia, covers shipments going through Virginia from 1847-1878. 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