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Most are originals, but some facsimiles are included."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_coll_ssim":["Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Harrisonburg-Rockingham Historical Society"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":112,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:34.491Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_412_c03_c01_c28"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Winston Family, 1830/1860","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 2. 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Financial and Legal Papers Packets","Individuals"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/1860"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1860"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":132,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#0/components#57","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1581.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191816","title_filing_ssi":"Morton-Halsey family papers","title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"text":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581","The collection is open for research use.","Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mildred E. Towe Tyner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 24 June 2021."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"extent_tesim":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nJoseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTopics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nRelated materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSelected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":239,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c02_c01_c01_c58"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Winston family correspondence, 1830/1867","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","parent_ssim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_265"],"title_filing_ssi":"Winston family correspondence","title_ssm":["Winston family correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Winston family correspondence"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Winston family correspondence, 1830/1867"],"text":["Winston family correspondence, 1830/1867","Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885","box 1","folder 5","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1830-1867"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":5,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 5"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["There are no restrictions"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_265","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_265.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/233","title_filing_ssi":"Slaughter, Daniel, French papers","title_ssm":["Daniel French Slaughter papers"],"title_tesim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1885"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1885"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1885"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"text":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885","MSS.15438","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/265","This collection is arranged by each family (Slaughter and Winston) and then by type of material, business,  and family papes, documents, slave papers, Civil War letters, indentures, and miscellaneous","Daniel French Slaughter 1805-1882 was a Senator of Virginia from 1828 to 1836, in the House of Delegates from 1846 to 1847, Director of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and a farmer and slave owner in Culpeper, Virginia.","He married Letitia Madison in 1825 and had two children, Phillip Madison Slaughter and James Edwin Slaughter (politician). Letitia died in 1828 and Daniel was remarried to Mary  Winston. They had five children Eliza French Slaughter, John Mercer Slaughter, Mary Wallace Slaughter, Caroline Slaughter, and Daniel Alexander Slaughter.","Daniel French Slaughter 1858-1963 was the son of Alexander Slaughter and married Caroline Nelson Strother, and was also a politician in Virginia.","This collection of the Daniel French Slaughet papers, 250 items, one half-size legal document box, .04 cubic feet and contains the business and family correspondence of the Slaughter family, the Winston family and papers related to slavery, and the Civil War. There is also correspondence of Lewis Rogers to John Rogers and Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton.","Slaughter business and political correspondence  Virginia Governor John M. Patton.","Of interest is receipt, 1855 Oct. 3, from Dickinson Hill \u0026 Co., Richmond, for the sale of four slaves (Emmeline, Aggy, Harriet, and Nelson) owned by Isaac Winston.","There are two civil war lettes, one written on August 17, 1861 by A. W. Winston about skirmishes at Falls Church and waiting for orders to advance; and the other written in August 1864 by [Halsey] that conveys hope for a victory and a revenge on Gen. Early for killing women and children.  Halsey's letter from Rapid Ann Station mentions rumors about the location of Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox and faith that Atlanta will be saved and Sherman's Army destroyed.","Lewis Rogers to his father John Rogers; Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton; J. R. Anderson to Jeremiah Morton","There are no restrictions","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"collection_ssim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827/1885"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS.15438","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/265"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS.15438","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/265"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection is a gift from John Thornton to the Small Special Collections at the University of Virginia Library on August 16, 2012."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".04 Cubic Feet 7 folders in one half of a legal size document box"],"extent_tesim":[".04 Cubic Feet 7 folders in one half of a legal size document box"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by each family (Slaughter and Winston) and then by type of material, business,  and family papes, documents, slave papers, Civil War letters, indentures, and miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by each family (Slaughter and Winston) and then by type of material, business,  and family papes, documents, slave papers, Civil War letters, indentures, and miscellaneous"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel French Slaughter 1805-1882 was a Senator of Virginia from 1828 to 1836, in the House of Delegates from 1846 to 1847, Director of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and a farmer and slave owner in Culpeper, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe married Letitia Madison in 1825 and had two children, Phillip Madison Slaughter and James Edwin Slaughter (politician). Letitia died in 1828 and Daniel was remarried to Mary  Winston. They had five children Eliza French Slaughter, John Mercer Slaughter, Mary Wallace Slaughter, Caroline Slaughter, and Daniel Alexander Slaughter. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDaniel French Slaughter 1858-1963 was the son of Alexander Slaughter and married Caroline Nelson Strother, and was also a politician in Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Daniel French Slaughter 1805-1882 was a Senator of Virginia from 1828 to 1836, in the House of Delegates from 1846 to 1847, Director of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, and a farmer and slave owner in Culpeper, Virginia.","He married Letitia Madison in 1825 and had two children, Phillip Madison Slaughter and James Edwin Slaughter (politician). Letitia died in 1828 and Daniel was remarried to Mary  Winston. They had five children Eliza French Slaughter, John Mercer Slaughter, Mary Wallace Slaughter, Caroline Slaughter, and Daniel Alexander Slaughter.","Daniel French Slaughter 1858-1963 was the son of Alexander Slaughter and married Caroline Nelson Strother, and was also a politician in Virginia."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDaniel French Slaughter papers, 1827-1885, MSS 15438, Small Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Daniel French Slaughter papers, 1827-1885, MSS 15438, Small Special Collections, University of Virginia Library, Charlottesville, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection of the Daniel French Slaughet papers, 250 items, one half-size legal document box, .04 cubic feet and contains the business and family correspondence of the Slaughter family, the Winston family and papers related to slavery, and the Civil War. There is also correspondence of Lewis Rogers to John Rogers and Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSlaughter business and political correspondence  Virginia Governor John M. Patton.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOf interest is receipt, 1855 Oct. 3, from Dickinson Hill \u0026amp; Co., Richmond, for the sale of four slaves (Emmeline, Aggy, Harriet, and Nelson) owned by Isaac Winston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are two civil war lettes, one written on August 17, 1861 by A. W. Winston about skirmishes at Falls Church and waiting for orders to advance; and the other written in August 1864 by [Halsey] that conveys hope for a victory and a revenge on Gen. Early for killing women and children.  Halsey's letter from Rapid Ann Station mentions rumors about the location of Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox and faith that Atlanta will be saved and Sherman's Army destroyed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLewis Rogers to his father John Rogers; Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton; J. R. Anderson to Jeremiah Morton\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection of the Daniel French Slaughet papers, 250 items, one half-size legal document box, .04 cubic feet and contains the business and family correspondence of the Slaughter family, the Winston family and papers related to slavery, and the Civil War. There is also correspondence of Lewis Rogers to John Rogers and Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton.","Slaughter business and political correspondence  Virginia Governor John M. Patton.","Of interest is receipt, 1855 Oct. 3, from Dickinson Hill \u0026 Co., Richmond, for the sale of four slaves (Emmeline, Aggy, Harriet, and Nelson) owned by Isaac Winston.","There are two civil war lettes, one written on August 17, 1861 by A. W. Winston about skirmishes at Falls Church and waiting for orders to advance; and the other written in August 1864 by [Halsey] that conveys hope for a victory and a revenge on Gen. Early for killing women and children.  Halsey's letter from Rapid Ann Station mentions rumors about the location of Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox and faith that Atlanta will be saved and Sherman's Army destroyed.","Lewis Rogers to his father John Rogers; Charles Cocke to Jeremiah Morton; J. R. Anderson to Jeremiah Morton"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":7,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:59.529Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_265_c05"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wirt Robinson's notes, 1825/1835","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01_c74","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01","parent_ssim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","Series 1: Letters to and from three generations of the Robinson family, their relatives and friends, generally relating to Moncure Robinson, together with other papers from 1787 to 1889, 1787/1889","Box 1, 1787/1963"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_8747_c01_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wirt Robinson's notes","title_ssm":["Wirt Robinson's notes"],"title_tesim":["Wirt Robinson's notes"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wirt Robinson's notes, 1825/1835"],"text":["Wirt Robinson's notes, 1825/1835","Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","Series 1: Letters to and from three generations of the Robinson family, their relatives and friends, generally relating to Moncure Robinson, together with other papers from 1787 to 1889, 1787/1889","Box 1, 1787/1963","Box 1","Folder 73A","Scope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","Series 1: Letters to and from three generations of the Robinson family, their relatives and friends, generally relating to Moncure Robinson, together with other papers from 1787 to 1889, 1787/1889","Box 1, 1787/1963"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","Series 1: Letters to and from three generations of the Robinson family, their relatives and friends, generally relating to Moncure Robinson, together with other papers from 1787 to 1889, 1787/1889","Box 1, 1787/1963"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1825/1835"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1825-1835"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":76,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 73A"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#73","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:47:28.567Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8747","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8747.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Robinson, Moncure Papers","title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1889"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1889"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1889"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"text":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889","01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747","Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks","3302 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.","Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.","See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.","Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.","Scope and Contents Family affairs.","Scope and Contents Antony and Betsy, brother and sister of John Robinson; need to move from Richmond in \"the sickly months.\"","Scope and Contents Nancy and Starkey, William and Anthony, brothers and sisters of John Robinson","Scope and Contents Marriage of Betsy, sister of John Robinson; warning him to be careful of the company he keeps.","Scope and Contents Brothers and sisters of John Robinson, living with W.M.","Scope and Contents The law training of John Robinson and his plans to marry; sending money to him.","Scope and Contents His law studies and Miss K ?","Scope and Contents The sessions of the U.S. Congress in New York.","Scope and Contents Decision of the Congress to move to Philadelphia for ten years while the new national capital is being built on Potowmac.","Scope and Contents His brother Starkey and family.","Scope and Contents Building of \"accomodations for Congress\" and the flourishing condition of the Union.","Scope and Contents Request that her brothers \"purchase a few things\" for her.","Scope and Contents The capture of a runaway slave, Nell.","Scope and Contents Family news: the return of the Negro, Nell; the  health of the sister of John Robinson; and commending Billy, the son of W.M.  .","Scope and Contents Notes that Wm. Harrison is an ensign of the Federal Troops at $18 per month, and is going South to fight the Indians. A bill is before the Congress to apportion the number of representatives from each state on the basis of the recent census.","Scope and Contents Sickness of the sister of John Robinson; concern for the son of W.M.; John Robinson's study of the law; and the sale of the Negro, Nell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Mrs. Mallory, the aunt of John Robinson; the Temple's ball; books and pamphlets.","Scope and Contents Her proposed marriage.","Scope and Contents \"To be left at the Halfway House between York and Hampton.\" Advised that he sell the cows and oxen for cash, and that he send up the three boys.","Scope and Contents The drunken condition of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson; of the marriage of the son of W.M.; and later of the recovery of Starkey and his sober reform.","Scope and Contents A request that John Robinson buy a copy of the first edition of the laws of Virginia.","Scope and Contents The threat of war between England and France; a visit by W. Hunter of Williamsburg; sickness in Pocoson and the return of Starkey to drink.","Scope and Contents Mrs. J. Robinson, this sister of J.M. and the two Robinson children, Moncure and Agnes.","Scope and Contents Signed by L.H. Girardin and Chiles Terrell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Advance of tuition for teaching French to his son, Moncure.","Scope and Contents Signed by Francis Galvan.","Scope and Contents Gives advice regarding his studies and corrects grammar and spelling; a discussion of the Polemic Society, the Library Society, and the Rhetoric Society, at the College of William and Mary; doubts the need for a library at the College; gives news from the papers of the reported destruction of the French ship \"L'Epervier\" by a \"British 74\" off Turk's Island and the ceding of \"The Floridas\" to England by Spain; news has just come of the death of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson","Scope and Contents A thesis written by John Robinson; supplies sent down from Richmond; advice for deportment at College; news that a Navy Yard is considered for York; advice on personal cleanliness. Enclosing newspapers recording the cession of the Floridas by Spain to Great Britain; warning not to read the papers to the detriment of his studies; reports Seneca on studies; reports the control of a house fire by a line of citizens passing water. A visit with Mr. Saunders; and advice to keep well so that nothing may interfere with his studies. A thesis by Moncure Robinson on \"Taste\" and the College President's comments on Moncure Robinson; advises reading \"Blair's Lectures\" in regard to sentence structure; notes that Moncure Robinson matriculated under the usual age; greetings from his brothers, Cary and Conway.","Scope and Contents Clothes sent to him; a thesis on \"Metaphor\"; his roommates Lundy and Goodwin.","Scope and Contents Christmas visit with his Aunt Cary in Warwick; mention of help in mathematics from Mr. Taylor; note on the inadequacy of his preparation for college by Mr. Terrel, especially in mathematics; and advice for the studies of his brothers, Cary and Conway.","Scope and Contents Arrangements for the \"Birthnight Ball\" in Williamsburg; the schooling of his brothers, Cary, Conway, and Edwin; visits with Mrs. Page and Mr. Coleman.","Scope and Contents A speech to a college society and assigned thesis on \"Suicide\"; reports of a near duel between Mr. Douthas and Mr. M. Cabell.","Scope and Contents The suspension of lectures in Chemistry due to insult of one student by others; threat of expulsion from College by whole class unless guilty one is discovered.","Scope and Contents A meeting of parents of students attending the College in regard to the trouble in the Chemistry lectures.","Scope and Contents News that the chemistry lectures are resumed, though trouble is not over.","Scope and Contents Having completed the examinations, he is to come to Richmond by steamboat.","Scope and Contents Arrangements to board with Mr. Brown; a dinner for Dr. Jones, who had been \"maltreated by the President\"; fees for attending lectures, professors' fees, $45.00 library subscription and fee to Franklinian Society.","Scope and Contents Requests that John Robinson sell two of her Negro men \"without sending him to a Back Woods Man, which I would not on any account do\"; suggests that Moncure is staying up too late with his studying.","Scope and Contents Reports prank of night ringing of College and church bells, for which Robert Pickett, R. Donthat, and Richard Cunningham were suspended because they knew who was guilty, but refused to inform authorities; Moncure Robinson asks permission to resign from the College if he is put in such a position.","Scope and Contents Signed by Ferdinand S. Campbell, Prof. of Math and Clk. of the Society.","Scope and Contents Reports the demand of Mr. Hare that each student pay $40 for a series of lectures for a portion of the year, the usual charge being $10; requests his father's permission to leave College and to continue his reading and study privately.","Scope and Contents Detailing the situation which arose from a written remonstrance to Dr. Hare regarding his high fees, signed by Moncure Robinson and 25 other students, for which all were suspended from the College.","Scope and Contents Announces the suspension of (Moncure Robinson) son of John Robinson, due to his act in signing a \"remonstrance\" petition to the Chemistry Professor (Dr. Hare) for his unfair fees.","Scope and Contents Reports the events which led up to the suspension of Moncure from the College, arising from a paper signed by several students regarding Dr. Hare who \"should have demanded only $10.\"","Scope and Contents The suspension of the students at William and Mary College; he regrets the situation but supports his son and thanks W.B. for his support and help.","Scope and Contents Reports that \"it was stated by the President that in the unfortunate affair the College lost some of its brightest ornaments, among whom everyone ranked Moncure\" and that a law had been enacted to prevent such demands (by professors) in the future.","Scope and Contents Property settled for Ben I. Gilbert by John Robinson; suggesting a political career for Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson who is visiting his uncle Moncure, suggests that he might attempt to qualify for the position of the Secretary of the Board of Public Works.","Scope and Contents The plans of Moncure Robinson to settle in N. Y. to take lessons in perspective drafting, disappointed in this prospect, Moncure Robinson plans to visit the N. Y. canal.","Scope and Contents Introducing Moncure Robinson, a Civil Engineer who wishes to examine the Great Western Canal.","Scope and Contents Property in N. Y. purchased by John Robinson; his trip of examination of part of the canal; and his impression of the Military Academy at West Point.","Scope and Contents Hopes for employment with the John Robinson Company, but until he hears he will use his time in copying off some of the plans used in the construction of the New York Canal.","Scope and Contents While waiting word on employment by the James River company, he continues his journey to Niagra and environs; plane to go to Philadelphia to examine \"specimens of mechanical ingenuity\" there.","Scope and Contents He plans to proceed to New York and Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents The John Robinson Co. and Col. Gamble; prospects of a position with them for Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents A paper regarding the estate of John Taylor, signed by Charles Cocke.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Personal letter, in which he expresses his interest in the promising future of Moncure, son of John Robinson","Scope and Contents Bank drafts; the news of the death of Lord Byron; and the destruction of the ship \"Hannibal\" by lightning while crossing the Atlantic.","Scope and Contents The plans of the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the U.S. and of the enmity and jealousy of him in France; the new work by Washington Irving is eagerly awaited in Europe.","Scope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad.","Scope and Contents Accounts of his visits with the President and Secretaries of State and War in Washington on his way to Europe; his examination of the docks in Havre de Grace.","Scope and Contents The sailing of Moncure Robinson on April 4; end of a fast trip by Conway Robinson to Richmond; he is now in a New York wholesale house.","Scope and Contents Describes a visit to Versailles, and attendance at the French Chamber of Deputies; relates his acquaintance with many of his fellow countrymen in Europe, even some fine people from states north of Virginia.","Scope and Contents Their father's \"favorite Villa\"; listing family at dinner; noting the death of Dr. Adams and Mr. Munford; family news.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson writes, \"in practical mechanics the French must be at least one hundred years behind the English.. Here I can travel in no direction but I come across some fine specimens of art executed in this land of dull and plodding people.\" He goes on to describe the technical wonders of the \"New London Bridge\" and the Thames Tunnel, including the method of digging under the Thames River; he plans to study the canals and railroads of England and Holland before returning for the lectures on mathematics and algebra at the Sorbonne.","Scope and Contents Visit to their uncle, John Moncure, and other family news.","Scope and Contents Family news; his visit to Virginia.","Scope and Contents Capt. Eustace, who has lost a child; asking about the tunnel under the Thames in London; Pennsylvania society for internal improvement has sent Mr. Strickland to England for information on Railways and Canals; Court Martial proceedings in Washington for Comdr. Porter (Comdr. Barron, President) and Comdr. Stewart; conflict between Gov. of Georgia and Pres. of U.S. in relation to Creek Indians, Genl. Gaines dispatched to protect the Indians; Genl. Lafayette departing the U.S. after a visit of more than a year.","Scope and Contents His traveling companions, John Ambler, Seybert and Chauncey; his study of the Chirk and Pontcysyllte aqueducts; he is entertained by Lord and Lady Dungannon at tea after meeting the Lord on his estate, and shown through the colleges of Oxford by a young Oxonian that he met in the Bodlean Library; he comments on the great wealth in England and the many world schemes put into operation by English capital.","Scope and Contents Recounts his hospitable reception in Holland, where he visited Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Antwerp; he met Lefevre, a distinguished Civil Engineer of Lyon, and received a letter of introduction to Baron Dupin, the author of the famous work on the institutions and public works of England; he describes the work of Napoleon in cutting a new channel for the Rhine River to the sea.","Scope and Contents First letter received from Moncure Robinson \"after nearly half a year\"; the poor of England; their cousin, Henry Wood Moncure, and news of mutual friends.","Scope and Contents The problems of steam boats on the upper James River; R.H. is a candidate for the state legislature of Virginia; he reports a visit to the family of Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Mr. R. Harrison has published some extracts of letters received from John Robinson, with his father's permission; reports that nothing will be done immediately in the improvement of the James River, but that there are opportunities for engineers on \"internal improvements\" elsewhere; suggestion of Moncure Robinson that a railroad be built from headwaters of the James River to the Kanawha River has been much discussed; \"Your account of the Steam Waggons towing 2 or 3 others on the railways of England, \u0026 heavily loaded, seems quite fascinating to the friends of internal improvement\"; news of panic in New York as a result of cotton speculations.","Scope and Contents News that John Tyler is Governor and John Randolph is Senator, replacing Col. Barbour, and other elections reported; news of an influenza epidemic in Richmond.","Scope and Contents His progress in French and his continued studies; his plans to visit the canals and public works of France before proceeding to Italy, where he will spend the next winter; reports that he dined with the U.S. minister, where he met General Lafayette.","Scope and Contents Describes his life in Paris, calls made on Mr. Michaux and the Baron Dupin and notes, \"It is really astonishing in a country where...so many such men exist, that they body of the nation should nevertheless be so little advanced in all the useful arts\"; he goes on to describe the poverty in Paris, the filth of the back streets and the like.","Scope and Contents He is studying the system of draining marshes in England, Holland, and Italy, as a basis for similar work along the seaboard of the Southern states in the U.S. and the mines of England; he reports his expenses and the joys of living in Paris.","Scope and Contents Asks his father to get some information on a Mr. Aubry for the U.S. Consul in Paris, Mr. Barbet; states the John Ambler with whom he has travelled much in England and in Europe will soon be returning to Virginia. Enclosed letter concerning Aubry, with copy of letter from L. Cany, Richmond, to Aubry, 1825 February 23. In French.","Scope and Contents His own indisposition.","Scope and Contents A brief letter sent with John Jacquelin Ambler, who was returning to Virginia.","Scope and Contents Tells of his failure to use billets to the King's Chapel where he would have been \"tea-table distance\" from His Majesty and the whole royal family, and of the few people he knows in Paris; he advises against his brother coming to France to make a living.","Scope and Contents The low spirits of Moncure Robinson reflected in his last letter; the embarrassed situation of Mr. Jefferson financially and of the public subscriptions for his benefit; of the visit of Mr. Monroe; of the \"Hardtimes\" that have hit the country; and the 50th anniversary celebration of U.S. Independence.","Scope and Contents The deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 50th anniversary of independence of the U.S.; of the failures of the business houses of Moncure \u0026 Robinson in New York, and Moncure Robinson \u0026 Pleasants in Richmond.","Scope and Contents More details regarding the failure of the Moncure \u0026 Robinson business houses in Ricmond and New York; the drunkeness of Frederick Pleasants. An additional note is added by John Robinson, father of Moncure Robinson, urging him to return home as soon as possible.","Scope and Contents Social letters in the first two of which there is much religious advice.","Scope and Contents More regarding the failure of the family business.","Scope and Contents His trip south, describing the lot of 1,800 gallery slaves of Rochefort chained n their cells, then the beauties of the cities of Bordeaux; he is examining the canals of south France.","Scope and Contents The failure of the business house of John Robinson and of a loan to that company made by the sister of B.I.G.","Scope and Contents One more winter, then to return home after visits to England and Holland.","Scope and Contents A debt on the business house of John Robinson which has recently failed.","Scope and Contents The failure of Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants mercantile house and urging Moncure Robinson to return home as soon as possible.","Scope and Contents Advises that John Robinson return home as soon as possible, in order to take advantage of the employment opportunities in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Possibility of action by the State Legislature on the James River Canal; enquiry regarding steam navigation.","Scope and Contents He advises his brother to stay on in Europe, to complete what he had undertaken; Conway Robinson is to undertake a law career and their father will become Clerk of the Superior Court.","Scope and Contents Recommends that Moncure Robinson stay in Europe until he finishes his course of study.","Scope and Contents Sends a remittance to Moncure Robinson and is hopeful of future mercantile success.","Scope and Contents He plans to look beyond Virginia for employment upon his return a year hence; the more he sees of France, the less he likes it.","Scope and Contents A professorship at the University of Virginia which might be available; the lessening of interest in \"internal improvement\" n the country, so less need for engineers; Virginia politics.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson has heard that the Governor is to appoint Mr. Crozet as chief engineer who \"as a civil engineer is the merest pretender\"; French engineering is far behind that of England and the U.S.; he expects to be free of his dependence upon Virginia when he returns.","Scope and Contents Reports that the better grounded he is in the practice of England and the theory of France (in engineering) the more completely will he insure himself of employment in \"some other quarter of our Union\" outside of Virginia; he is still trying to overcome the effects of the fevers he contracted while working on the James River improvement in previous years.","Scope and Contents Suggests that Moncure Robinson return in the summer because of their father's financial difficulties.","Scope and Contents Conway Robinson encourages Moncure Robinson to return and make application for a professorship at the University of Virginia; he discusses the political changes that have taken place in Virginia; John Robinson urges Moncure Robinson to apply for the position.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson doubts that he will be offered the position of Professor of Mathematics at Charlottesville (University of Virginia); he plans to leave at the end of the lecture period for another tour of English engineering examples; he tells of the political conflicts of France, of the King and the minister.","Scope and Contents A trip to Vichy over almost impossible roads, with humorous anecdotes of their experiences.","Scope and Contents His visit to the port engineering works at Cherbourg; fellow countrymen he has met in Paris; the election of Gen. La Fayette to the Chamber of Deputies by two votes.","Scope and Contents The members of his family in Philadelphia, whom Moncure Robinson is to meet on his return to the U.S. at the end of the summer.","Scope and Contents Interest in railways in Maryland, the election of the professor at the University of Virginia, and affairs at home; comment on the new government in Britain.","Scope and Contents The appointment of the professor at the University of Virginia; their mother's interest in the Conway family arms and the Conway Castle in Wales; the family troubles which includes the selling of the servants and real property in order to pay off the indebtedness of the failed mercantile enterprise.","Scope and Contents Includes an extract from a letter written by James Brown, U.S. Minister in Paris, in which Mr. Moncure Robinson is favorably mentioned. Franked by James Monroe.","Scope and Contents His inspection of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, England and his visits to iron works at Merthy and Tydril, where the proprietors were quite secretive about their processes; he reports a visit to Newstead Abbey, the former home of Lord Byron, with accounts of the house, the tomb of Byron, and some of his possessions; he is headed for visits to the collieries in Newcastle and Scotland.","Scope and Contents Acknowledging letter in which word regarding Moncure Robinson in Paris is quoted.","Scope and Contents Personal comments, mentioning relationships with Moncure Robinson; Wilkes, Arnold, and Sanders are mentioned. French and translation.","Scope and Contents Announcing his arrival after a 38 day crossing from England; he plans to look for a position in the Public Works activities in Pennsylvania. Moncure Robinson to his parents; to to John Robinson, Richmond, Virginia. His visit in New York; his plan to meet the leading men in the large cities looking to employment as an engineer; and his plans to visit the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal and the Baltimore Railway line.","Scope and Contents An offer of employment by the Canal Commissioners of Pennsylvania for \"a series of examinations between the waters of the Delaware and those of the North Branch of the Susquehanna with a view to their connexion by Railroad.\" The pay is to be $5 1/2 per day; this may lead to other employment; the country is rugged and mountainous; he is to bring his own \"levelling instrument.\"","Scope and Contents His recommendation of Moncure Robinson to Mr. McIlvaine, and that the Commissioners had nominated Moncure Robinson for a position.","Scope and Contents Introducing Henry Chester.","Scope and Contents Congratulates Moncure Robinson on his move to \"a commonwealth...whose citizens are full of energy and enterprise...as different alsmot from the Old Dominion as black is from white\"; he gives news of stock sales in a railroad and a manufacturing company.","Scope and Contents Expressing affection for his parents and his high hopes of advancement in Pennsylvania, despite their suspicion of those from outisde the state.","Scope and Contents Doubts that a railroad will be built very soon along the route being surveyed by Moncure Robinson; news of the family and of difficult business conditions in New York.","Scope and Contents The settling of the mercantile debts of John Robinson, the sale of all property except the town house and \"Poplar Vale,\" and other financial matters.","Scope and Contents Notification of deposit of $500 for Moncure Robinson; reports that \"your name and fame are well known to the Governor and Secretary of State.\"","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Offers financial help to his father; plans to return to Philadelphia when weather in the mountains drives him in; inquires of James River Improvement and of possibility of further employment in Pennsylvania. Reports that he has been appointed Engineer of the Allegheny Division of the Pennsylvania Improvements; he is to lay out a railroad right of way between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.","Scope and Contents Total cost estimate $1,068,895.34.","Scope and Contents The hospitality shown him in Philadelphia; requests that his \"library of professional books\" be sent to him, since he is now settled in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents Writes that nothing will be done by the Virginia Legislature on the subject of internal improvement.","Scope and Contents Sends money for his father and gifts of jewelry to his sisters; regarding the sale of one of the family houses, \"Upton.\"","Scope and Contents A letter of appreciation for \"gems\" given to A.R. and to her sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents Family news and news of his sale of some of his property to meet the continuing debts of his failed mercantile firm.","Scope and Contents The activities of Moncure Robinson and Conway Robinson to help meet their father's debts. Recent visit of Moncure Robinson to Richmond and visit of Conway Robinson to Williamsburg, where he was much impressed with the hospitality; and a trip with Jane to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Settling of debts of their father and their brother Cary; the ensuing marriage of Conway Robinson; he plans to lay out the line of the LeHigh Railroad and is willing also to undertake the works on the Chesterfield Railroad.","Scope and Contents His hope to find a satisfactory route for the railroad through the Allegheny mountains, \"a department of my profession, in which few American Engineers have as yet embarked\"; he hopes to help Cary in New York with capital, as well as helping to pay off his father's debts.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; and reaction to a report that \"the Jackson legislature of Pa. have turned out your Commissioners.\"","Scope and Contents Payment on a note. In French.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; congratulations on Moncure Robinson's new position.","Scope and Contents The location of the \"Allegheny Portage\" is nearly completed; he plans to be in Richmond in October; he has resigned his position with the Pennsylvania Canal Commissioners, but will be willing to return to execute the Allegheny Portage after he has completed the Chesterfield Railway.","Scope and Contents Family matters and the trip of Conway and Anna Jane to \"the top of the Catskills.\"","Scope and Contents A trip made with his brother and sister, Cary and Jane, to Niagara Falls and Saratoga.","Scope and Contents Included in the text is a transcript of a letter of instructions received by Moncure Robinson from Josiah White, Acting Manager of LeHigh Co. Proposals are made for the railway line to transport coal from a mine near Mauch Chunk.","Scope and Contents \"Examinations\" which have been suggested, with a statement of his charge for such servies of $10 per day and expenses.","Scope and Contents Social chit-chat, an exercise in French letter-writing. In French with translation.","Scope and Contents Regret that he cannot accept an invitation to visit in Richmond; news about their mutual friend, Seybert.","Scope and Contents Enquiry regarding the pay demanded by Moncure Robinson as Engineer for a proposed railroad from coal mines to the Schuylkill River for the Schuylkill Navigation Company.","Scope and Contents An enterprise for which T.B. is to advance the cash required on which he wants advice \"from a person in whom I place the utmost reliance.\"","Scope and Contents Signed by R. Shunke, Secy. Resolution to allow Moncure Robinson $2,250 per Annum.","Scope and Contents The iron rails and spikes used on the Chesterfield R. R.,  the former being ordered from Liverpool; and a discussion of the route of the Mount Carbon R.R.","Scope and Contents Affairs in Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Enquiring regarding the terms of Moncure Robinson for the laying out and superintending the building of 17 miles of railroad, double track, on the Little Schuylkill. Further regarding the contemplated railroad.","Scope and Contents Acknowledging receipt of a loan, and other financial matters; report of a visit to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Expressing hope that Moncure Robinson will return to Pennsylvania to pursue his engineering activities in that state.","Scope and Contents Defeat of railway appropriations in the Pennsylvania Legislation; Moncure Robinson was been appointed first Engineer of the Canal Commissioners and John Robinson hopes that he will accept.","Scope and Contents An offer of the position of Engineer to lay out a route for the railroad through the Allegheny Mountains, at the rate of $2,500 per annum.","Scope and Contents \"Report of the Engineer on the Survey of a Route of the Contemplated Rail-road from Petersburg to the Roanoke.\" Endorsed to Moncure Robinson, Esq., Hamburg, Berks Co.","Scope and Contents He returns a check given by Moncure Robinson to pay for a carriage given by W.M. to his sister, the mother of Conway Robinson and Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Having paid off all debts from the mercantile failures of his father and brother Cary, and having assisted Cary to start again in business in New York, he now wishes to hire an assistant for his father from his new salary of $4,000 per annum from the Chesterfield Railway.","Scope and Contents Recommends that a son of a friend be sent to \"West Point of some other first rate scientific institution;\" he is willing to take charge of the building of the Petersburg railway in Virginia, while still keeping his positions in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents His duties with the State of Pennsylvania and the Schuylkill R.R. and his elegant accomodations in a building built for him at Port Clinton by the R.R., with a servant, eight assistants, etc.; he encloses a check. His work with the Manchester and the Petersburg railroads, and with the Chesterfield R.R. as well as his duties in the Alleghenies as State Engineer; espresses interest in Eustace at West Point and offers to send Alfred to Yale, in both of which institutions he has friends on the faculty.","Scope and Contents An absurd plan of a certain colonel in a civil engineering project; and of the progress of Eustace, brother of Moncure Robinson, at the academy.","Scope and Contents He reminds his brother that he, Conway Robinson, is now in debt to his brothers to the amount of $17,000 and refuses any further advance.","Scope and Contents Asking for advice of Moncure Robinson, the consulting engineer, for the portage railroad over the Allegheny Mountains.","Scope and Contents His dispute with Col. Lay which very nearly ended in a duel. A planned visit to Richmond. Upon his return from the Richmond visit, he works on the location of the route of the Danville and Pottsville Railroad and the Little Schuylkill Rail Road.","Scope and Contents Family news, with reports of Eustace at West Point, Edwin, Cary, and Conway.","Scope and Contents A trip planned to the North by his brother, Conway, and sister, Jane.","Scope and Contents The visit of his brother, Conway, and his sisters on thier journey North; his plans to send his brother, Alfred, to the College of William and Mary in the Fall; encloses a check for his father.","Scope and Contents An ailment of Mr. Campbell.","Scope and Contents Expresses regret that he cannot attend the opening of the Little Schuylkill R.R., \"built under the direction of the first Master in the United States.\"","Scope and Contents Included is a copy of a letter from their brother, Cary, in New York, and the answer of Conway R. regarding the debts of Cary and need for more money for his mercantile enterprises in New York.","Scope and Contents Financial problems of Cary in New York and the school problems of Eustace at West Point Military Academy. The \"heavy blow\" that has fallen on the family, new notes written by Cary against his brother's account, and the troubles of Eustace; the interest of Moncure Robinson in a position on the New River R.R.","Scope and Contents His debts (letter copied off by Conway R. in his letter to Moncure R.). Cary Robinson to Conway Robinson. His deteriorating financial situation. Eustace, who is one of the 25 remaining of a class of 120 who entered West Point two years before, and Alfred at William \u0026 Mary.","Scope and Contents A strong letter written to Eustace, who must graduate from West Point if he wants a career as a Civil Engineer; and regarding the Danville \u0026 Pottsville Railroad.","Scope and Contents His pleasant life at William \u0026 Mary; his studies there; of students expelled; of a duel; and of the carrying of a horse to the second floor of the building.","Scope and Contents Listing the items of the family debt to $17,000 incurred by their brother Cary and plans for the joint repayment.","Scope and Contents The letter of Edwin and debts of Cary; news of the New River Railroad and of the James River Bill passed by the Virginia Legislature; news of brothers Alfred and Eustace.","Scope and Contents Requesting some money with which to buy cakes and pies for snacks at school.","Scope and Contents The troubles of their brother, Cary, of the Lynchburg and New River Railroad and the improvement of the James and Kanawha Rivers; of Saunders and John Page in politics; and of the public examination at the college.","Scope and Contents His plans to go to Sulphur Springs for his health, then on a trip with their sister, Jane; recommending the purchase of stock in the James River Scheme; of their sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents Reports of the college course; comment of the Cholera outbreak in Montreal, a threat to Northern cities in the U.S. * For a letter by Moncure Robinson of 7 October 1832, see addition to collection.","Scope and Contents Request for $500 for a trip to New Orleands made to brother Edwin, from which he has had no reply. His planned trip to New Orleads and need for funds to pay his debts in New York before he will be allowed to leave the city.","Scope and Contents Asking forgiveness if he has given offense; more regarding his planned trip to New Orleans.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Answers an enquiry regarding Charles A. Jacobs; tells of the French-speaking Creole society of the city, of the many deaths from fever and cholera, the theatres, duels, and the bi-lingual state legislature; reports his own lack of success in business.","Scope and Contents His interest in Miss Charlotte Taylor; and of the prospects for the career of their cousin, Wirt, who is with Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents The cholera epidemic in the city; and of his buying tobacco in the city.","Scope and Contents C.E., Jr. asks Moncure Robinson for a job, to no effect. (See letters of 25 - 30 September 1836, which very nearly led to a duel between C.E., Jr. and Moncure Robinson).","Scope and Contents Family news, concerning the mother and the other brothers and sisters: Alfred, Edwin, Octavia, Conway, Margaret, Cornelia, Moore, Anna Jane, and Cary, and of their country house, \"Poplar Vale\".","Scope and Contents The ill health of Moncure Robinson; plans to take his father, John Robinson, on a extended tour of Pennsylvania and New York.","Scope and Contents Recommends travel \"to expand the mind and to elevate it above prejudice.\"","Scope and Contents The health of Moncure Robinson, about which Conway Robinson is concerned; report that one fourth of the population of New Orleans has died to yellow fever and cholera; his business prospects in New Orleans.","Scope and Contents Signed by L.M. Bent, Clerk. Refusal of the Directors to accept the resignation of Moncure Robinson as Chief Engineer of the Rail Road Company.","Scope and Contents Horses and carriage.","Scope and Contents The Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company.","Scope and Contents Request of the Board of Directors of the WInchester and Potomac R.R. for Moncure Robinson to continue his services as Chief Engineer.","Scope and Contents His ill health, blisters to relieve his cough; and of a trip to Boston, financed by Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Purchase of property in Virginia for a railroad; draft of letter to Thomas Green on the subject; suggestion that Alfred and Eustace be sent on a tour of Europe.","Scope and Contents Notifying Moncure Robinson of his election as principal engineer for the Lancaster and Portsmouth Rail Road.","Scope and Contents Plans to send Alfred to St. Augustine, Florida, for the winter, accompanied by their mother; prospect of marriage by Moncure Robinson * For letter by Moncure Robinson of 3 February 1835, see addition to collection.","Scope and Contents A leave of absence for the brother of Moncure Robinson, Eustace Robinson.","Scope and Contents Visit of brother Edwin; brother Eustace in the army, stationed at N.O.; the marriage of Moncure Robinson and the death of their brother Alfred, in St. Augustine, Florida.","Scope and Contents News of the suicide of Mr. Brown in Philadelphia; personal news and family news of Octavia, sister of Moncure Robinson, and Wirt Robinson, cousin of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents The sickness of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Personal news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents A request that Moncure Robinson visit the N.Y. and Erie R.R.","Scope and Contents Personal news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Announces the birth of his son, John Moncure.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents $120,000 to be paid by the P.W. R.R. Moncure Robinson to Conway Robinson. Requests for the services of Moncure Robinson by the City Point \u0026 Petersburg Railroad, the Blacksford \u0026 Fredericksburg Line, and the Winchester \u0026 Staunton route; and of their \"speculations.\" Purchase of stock in the Fredericksburg R.R. in the Swan Tavern Speculation, and in the Bermuda Hundred purchase.","Scope and Contents Acknowledgement of the receipt of a book sent by Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents A railroad to be built along the James River, and one from Richmond to Petersburg, as being before the Virginia Legislature, as well as other railroads in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Acceptance by directors of the Gaston \u0026 Raleigh Rail Road of proposition by Moncure Robinson for a salary of $3000.00 per annum as Consulting Engineer for the line.","Scope and Contents The buying and selling of stocks in railroads and of other investments; the organizational meeting of the Petersburg and Richmond Co.","Scope and Contents The scarcity of money and the favorable situation for \"our object of securing a majority of the stock (of the Petersburg R.R.) in the hands of our friends.\" Dishes sent to his sister; and some comments about the control of a \"Board\" (probably of a railway). Illness of \"our little Charley\" and his plans to come to Richmond for a railroad meeting.","Scope and Contents The purchase of the \"Bermuda Hundred\" and surrounding lands.","Scope and Contents Congratulates his brother on his engagement to Miss Leigh; plans for nuptials of Conway, Edwin and Jane.","Scope and Contents His disappointments in publishing and in receiving his pay check from a New York newspaper.","Scope and Contents Moves of Moncure Robinson to get a mail contract, now being held by a steamboat line; comments on details of railway cars.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for the financial help from Moncure Robinson; reactions to France, \"the French...are a despicable race...But a French woman is a delightful creature.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; comment on \"the baby.\"","Scope and Contents Advice upon starting at Peugnet's School in New York.","Scope and Contents The affair between Moncure Robinson and Mr. Ellet, which threatened to come to a head in a duel.","Scope and Contents The school of Moore Robinson in New York and social matters in Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Challenges and acceptances exchanged between Moncure Robinson and C. Ellett and P.S.G. Cocke for duels which were amicably settled by their friends. (See two letters of June-July 1833, in which C. Ellett applied to Moncure Robinson for a job, which was not forthcoming.)","Scope and Contents Report of the dismissal of Charles Ellett, Jr. from the New York and Erie Railroad Company in July 1835, and the reasons for it.","Scope and Contents Family news; Moncure Robinson is to sail for Europe; sister Anna Jane is married.","Scope and Contents Congratulations on the amicable settlement of the threatened duel.","Scope and Contents Family news, including \"Your cousin John R. is gone to William \u0026 Mary College, which has opened this season with much finer prospects than usual.\"","Scope and Contents The six months that Moncure Robinson is to be away; news of business uncertainty in the country; family and social news.","Scope and Contents Trouble on the Winchester Railroad; the war with the Indians; and Bonaparte's war in Europe; family news.","Scope and Contents Poblems with the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Petersburg Railroad, a day and a half late on the run from Fredericksburg to Richmond and other similar lost schedules, need for more engines, etc.","Scope and Contents Written the day after her Ball; she gives a list of the chief guests.","Scope and Contents Lists the many complaints regarding \"our Rail Road concern\" made by passengers from the South; engines out of order, no wood or water for engines, road badly built, etc.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents includes letter from Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson Family news; congratulations on the success of Moncure Robinson in England in \"obtaining a million\" there.","Scope and Contents Disturbed by reports sent by Conway Robinson of the Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road; he reports that new engines are being made and sent from England; need for a \"locomotive engine manufactory\" in Richmond; attempt to enlist engineers and mechanics in England for the Richmond road; other railway matters.","Scope and Contents A recent severe illness; Conway Robinson talks of giving up the presidency of the railroad, due to the trouble he has had; and of a dress and bonnet from Paris. Charlotte Robinson to Moncure Robinson, London. The baby and the expected return of Moncure Robinson in March. Has received no letter since December 25; news of Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents The effect of the cold Northern climate on Moncure Robinson at his school in New York; family news.","Scope and Contents Advice to the brother in school; plans to leave there at the end of April, arriving in the U.S. in June.","Scope and Contents Reports that Moncure R. has arrived in England after a 16 day passage; news of other members of the family.","Scope and Contents Includes a letter from his sister, Margaret Robinson. Included is a poem from A.C.R.","Scope and Contents Her plans to give a ball; and her pride in his success in London (in raising money for railroads).","Scope and Contents The recent ball given by Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson; congratulations on the success of his mission to England.","Scope and Contents Enclosing a check for pocket money; news of the scattered family.","Scope and Contents Advice regarding the hardships necessarily experienced at school; he is employed now on the Lake Michigan and Illinois Canal.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Expressed delight at the success of Moncure Robinson in raising investment capital in England; notes that a new engine has been received by the R.R.; his purchase of the R.R. stock.","Scope and Contents A request for the advice regardnig methods, costs, etc., for \"They are aware that the extension of the Railway System has been carried further in the United States than in any other country.\"","Scope and Contents The arrival of Mr. Robinson; scheduling of a meeting and a dinner with a few railroad engineers to meet Mr. R. In French","Scope and Contents Recommends that he vote for Mr. Sheppard as President of the Railroad, rather than Hopkins; family news.","Scope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to sell stock in England, on which is he allowed 2 1/2 percent commission. 2 copies.","Scope and Contents Trouble with Negroes on the plantation and the problem raised by the idea that they have, \"that Miss Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) says they are not to be whipped.\"","Scope and Contents Included is a note from their father, John Robinson. Little sister Fan; visit of Moncure R. to New York; other family news.","Scope and Contents Farm affairs and especially the oversight of the Negroes there.","Scope and Contents Plans to send his brother to William and Mary in the fall term, where he can get all the necessary courses in two years.","Scope and Contents Requesting the signature of Moncure Robinson on several notes for $5,000 each, as part of a liquidation of his business.","Scope and Contents A communication for Pres. Dew enclosing a resolution of the Board of Visitors of the College \"for preventing the students from purchasing articles on credit\" in Williamsburg.","Scope and Contents Her return to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Requesting more financial support for his business houses in Richmond and Baltimore; reports the marriage of their sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents The sending of half a barrel of apples via an oysterman.","Scope and Contents The sale of some woodlands adjoining the plantation; and other business matters.","Scope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to contract for a loan for the R.R.","Scope and Contents Railroad and other business. Conway Robinson to Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia. Affairs of the Richmond and Petersburg R. R. and of state assistance.","Scope and Contents News of the \"family circle.\"","Scope and Contents Advice given by Moncure Robinson and W.R. regarding the continuation of the railroad lines.","Scope and Contents Farm business, profits from crops, and drafts for payments.","Scope and Contents Family news with a postscript by \"your cousin, Virginia...Miss B.T.\"","Scope and Contents Business of the railroad, including an accident involving Mr. Brown on H. Street, Richmond.","Scope and Contents Advice, socially and financially; mention of Prof. Saunders and Prof. Millington of the faculty of W \u0026 M. Plans for Moore to leave the College at the end of the current session to start work; a recent assault on Moncure by Waller; advice regarding the circumstances in which a gentleman must offer a challenge and disqualification for state office of anyone involved in a duel.","Scope and Contents Financial matters and the current depression in prices for farm products.","Scope and Contents Destruction in the Harvard Chapel and bank scandals in Boston.","Scope and Contents Social and family affairs; Moncure is with them in Richmond for a short visit.","Scope and Contents Disappointment expressed by the acquittal of Waller, who had attacked Moncure Robinson in Richmond; railroad business and need of more engines from England.","Scope and Contents Announcing the birth of a second son, at which their mother had been present.","Scope and Contents Advice and family news.","Scope and Contents Waller case; railroad business and need for more engines.","Scope and Contents Edmund Randolph Robinson, new son of Moncure Robinson; other family news.","Scope and Contents Connections of the railroad with the steamboats; influence to be exerted on the new railroad lines in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Through tickets to Baltimore and New York, via the Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for advice given by Moncure Robinson regarding railroad construction and the use of engines in America; acknowledgment of his offer to assist th enew company in any way, even by a trip to the continent if required.","Scope and Contents Need for new rails; negotiations for notes on through tickets from New Orleans to New York. Enclosure: telegram from S.L. Fremont, Wilmington, NC, to Moncure Robinson regarding through tickets.","Scope and Contents Letter received from \"a small stockholder\"; suggests newspaper articles on the Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R. and the Raleigh \u0026 Eastern R.R. which \"would aid materially the sale of our bonds in England.\" Enclosure: \"A small stockholder,\" Richmond, to Elihu Chauncey, Philadelphia (1838 April 24). Complaint about the management of stock in the hands of Moncure Robinson; and the high salaries paid to the President and his assistants.","Scope and Contents William A. Bradley as author of anonymous letter; newspaper article; railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents Social and family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Buying of stock in the Winchester \u0026 Potomac R.R.; receipts of $10,000 in June on R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; competing activity of the Louisa Line. Copy of letter from Jos. M. Sheppard regarding coal company which Moncure Robinson is forming.","Scope and Contents Manipulation of railways on the route to Washington and New York; selling to tickets in N. Y. . Enclosure: article \"Is Virginia a Repudiating State,\" written by Moncure Robinson for insertion by E.R. in the Virginia Papers. The guarantee by the State that the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R. would have no competitors on the Richmond-Washington route.","Scope and Contents A meeting to be held in Baltimore; Moore R. is leaving the springs. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Conway Robinson, Halifax Ct. House, Va. The resignation of Conway Robinson as (President of the R.R.) and of his successor, Marx or Hopkins, and of the way that the election should be controlled.","Scope and Contents Through tickets and competition of Jackson in New York, where a \"battle of handbills\" is being waged; purchase of the Potomac Steamship Co.","Scope and Contents Instructs him to take an extended journey by horseback, to visit relatives and improve his health; his brothers will decide later whether Moore is to study medicine.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; investment of Moncure Robinson in the Reading Railroad; Charlotte Robinson has again forbidden the overseer, Jenkins, to whip any of the Negroes.","Scope and Contents Land in Illinois held under a soldier's right which would bring a profit of $5,000.","Scope and Contents Purchase of steamboat companies; competition with the Gordonsville R.R.; buying into the Baltimore \u0026 Potomac R.R.; letters ot the papers on R.R. problems.","Scope and Contents Negotiations for through tickets; plans to go to court on the matter of Virginia's original charter to the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; great grief at the death of wife of Edwin Robinson; offer to take the two daughters.","Scope and Contents Purchase of Turnpike stock; through tickets on Railroadand other Railroad business.","Scope and Contents Decision by his brother that Moore is to study medicine and his objection to it; other family news.","Scope and Contents Purchase from the Biddles, and other investments.","Scope and Contents Social letter mentioning Latrade, Strickland, and Mrs. Taylor, mother-in-law of Moncure Robinson; the policies of Van Buren; the reception of Lord Durham in N. Y. . In French. Mentions Guy Lussac; John, son of Moncure Robinson; and Moore, brother of Moncure Robinson; discusses political situation in N. Y. In French.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Publication of a pamphlet in R.R. competition; problems with Peter Daniel of Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R., Sanford, and Felton; R.R. conferences at Chatanooga; control of stock of the Seaboard \u0026 Roanoke R.R.; problems of through tickets.","Scope and Contents The election of Dr. Sheppard as President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; Moncure Robinson to be chief engineer of the Brunswick \u0026 Florida R.R. in Georgia; purchase of property in Richmond; building of the Southwestern R.R.","Scope and Contents His plan to study medicine; other family news.","Scope and Contents Requesting Moncure Robinson to make a statement to support the claims of the children of Robert Fulton, then pending before Congress.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Daniel, Joynes, Jackson, and Fremont on through tickets; purchase of bridge and turnpike in Baltimore.","Scope and Contents Through tickets; Felton of the Baltimore and Ohio R.R.; article by Daniel.","Scope and Contents News concerning the wife of Moncure Robinson, his two children, John Moncure nd Edmund, his brother, Moore, and a nephew of Susan B. Taylor; Peter Daniel; newspaper article quoted which derided the James River Company.","Scope and Contents Sent with a watch; family news.","Scope and Contents Social news.","Scope and Contents Pamphlet and newspaper articles; opinions of Daniel, Felton, Sanford, and Tyler in through ticket negotiations.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Receipts of the Potomac Steamship Co., negotiations with the Board of Public works; baggage checked through.","Scope and Contents Railroad business which is not clear from this one letter.","Scope and Contents The death of a grandson, and other family affairs.","Scope and Contents Can hardly leave the city to visit home for fear of being arrested by some of his creditors.","Scope and Contents Cost of through tickets; New York ticket office; purchase of rails for the R.R.; dividend return of 3 1/2 percent.","Scope and Contents Plans made by him and Conway Robinson \"not to breathe this to anyone\"; expenditures made to kept the equipment up to the increasing business. (Sheppard was President of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R.)","Scope and Contents Rails for the road; other railroad business.","Scope and Contents A position under Moncure Robinson for Eston, son of Randolph Harrison.","Scope and Contents Proposal to accompany the father of Moncure Robinson on a visit to Philadelphia; other social news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Possibility of selling \"Elmington\" and \"Ballston\" plantations; family news.","Scope and Contents Results of the Railroad Convention at Washington; negotiations for mail contracts; competition of steamboats from Baltimore to Richmond; through ticket negotiations.","Scope and Contents Social news from Boston.","Scope and Contents .","Scope and Contents Reporting the exchange of bonds payable in London for domestic seven percent bonds.","Scope and Contents Mention of Mrs. Edwin Robinson (second wife), and other social news.","Scope and Contents Things have not gone well with him and he is unable to make the payment on his debt to Moncure Robinson that Moncure Robinson has requested; the opportunity for their brother, Moore, to practice medicine in New Orleans.","Scope and Contents Report on the completion of the rail road route between Brunswick and Chatahoochie.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents News that the Philadelphia banks \"are suspending specie payments.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; brother Eustace has returned home from the West and recommends that Moore practice medicine in the West.","Scope and Contents \"You and the officers of the Railroad company must manage the affairs. I must stick to the law. . .gradually diminish my debts\"; lot in Richmond purchased with a loan from Moncure Robinson Enclosed a form of receipt to be signed by Moncure Robinson (not signed).","Scope and Contents The purchaser of \"Poplar Vale,\" the Robinson country house, agrees to execute notes to Moncure Robinson who is anxious to raise some money; \"the banks are doing very little.\"","Scope and Contents Expressing hope that Eustace has left Richmond for Washington in order to speed his recovery.","Scope and Contents The possible sale of \"Elmington.\"","Scope and Contents Stockholder's meeting of the railroad; need to borrow $25,000 to pay the running expenses of the road; suggestion that he, Conway Robinson, resign from the Board of Directors and that Moncure Robinson become the President of both Richmond \u0026 Petersburg and Richmond \u0026 Fredericksburg R.R. Co's.","Scope and Contents Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) and \"her sweet children.\"","Scope and Contents The collection of notes due Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents The Winchester \u0026 Potomac R.R. Co. and an application to Congress for an increase in mail pay.","Scope and Contents Her children, Agnes and Philip and her nephew, Conway; other family news. Octave (Octavia Robinson Haxall), Richmond, to Moore Robinson, Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Difficulties in getting a translation of Chevalier's work published in New York.","Scope and Contents Offer to accept the situation proposed by Moncure Robinson; has letters of recommendation to show to Mr. Byrd, President of the Company.","Scope and Contents Bills before the state legislature concerning the extension of railroads in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents His application to Mr. Bird, President of the Petersburg \u0026 Roanoke Railroad Co., for a position as his assistant. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Henry D. Bird, President Petersburg R.R. Co., Petersburg, Va. Enclosed in letter to Eustace Robinson with a recommendation.","Scope and Contents The railroad bill which is before the state legislature; the visit of Mr. Clay to Richmond; letter of resignation to be presented by Joseph M. Sheppard.","Scope and Contents Notifying him of his election of the Richmond, Fredericksburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad Co., resignation of Conway Robinson and appointment of Joseph M. Sheppard in his place. Included on same sheet: notification of the election of Moncure Robinson to be President of the Railroad; signed by Hilary Baker, Clerk.","Scope and Contents A bill before the State Legislature for the building of a railroad from Pottsville to Tuscarora, with an amendment by Andrew B. White that the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading R.R. Co. be authorized to build the same.","Scope and Contents Returning an offensive letter, Eustace Robinson asks \" the termination of all intercourse hereafter.\"","Scope and Contents Appreciation for hospitality during his sojourn in America. In French.","Scope and Contents Requesting information on some problems connected with a railroad from Halle to Cologne, noting that Mocure Robinson \"would not be unwilling to undertake the construction of the railroad.\"","Scope and Contents Trouble with Dr. Cocke and notices from the Farmers and Merchants Bank of notes of Moncure Robinson coming due.","Scope and Contents Social letter, mentioning Guy Lussac, Malexieux, Latrade, Colonel Melnikoff. In French.","Scope and Contents Further questions from the Postmaster General in Berlin concerning American railroads.","Scope and Contents Brief note.","Scope and Contents Documents from France that M. Chevalier has asked him to deliver to Moncure Robinson. In French.","Scope and Contents The health of Moore and a visit to \"Elmington.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) is to spend the winter with them.","Scope and Contents Instructions to Moore Concerning his movements with a check for $20.00.","Scope and Contents Place of Moore Robinson in the hospital; wagers on the Presidential election; Whig Rally on Bunker Hill with Webster speaking; the Phi Beta Kappa dinner at Harvard.","Scope and Contents The recovery of Moore Robinson from an eye injury.","Scope and Contents The accident, injuring the eye of Moore Robinson.","Scope and Contents Sympathy for the loss of an eye in an accident.","Scope and Contents Reporting that news has just reached Richmond of the death of the President; and family news.","Scope and Contents News of small pox in Philadelphia; family news. Her reading while ill; family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news; greetings to his two grandsons, children of Moore Robinson.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family affairs.","Scope and Contents Expresses concern for the health of his brother.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents More hopeful about his health; interested in the possibility of an appointment to the hospital.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; with a letter of 1 March 1841.","Scope and Contents Advice on way to achieve an appointment at the hospital.","Scope and Contents The failure of the Girard Bank in Philadelphia; family news.","Scope and Contents Appointing them commissioners to determine the advisability of expanding the Brooklyn Navy Yard.","Scope and Contents The letter is sent by Moncure Robinson, as Moore is sailing for Europe; news about the family at \"Poplar Vale\" and elsewhere.","Scope and Contents Reports of a trip through Europe.","Scope and Contents Recommends Moncure Robinson as a consulting engineer for railroad construction in the Austrian Empire. In French, with translation.","Scope and Contents Leaving \"Dogwood\" House to his son, Eustace, who is occupying same, \"Poplar Vales\" to his son-in-law, John N. Shields, the remainder of the estate to be administered by his sons, Moncure and Conway for the benefit of all the family.","Scope and Contents Expressing opposition to the purchase of a house in Philadelphia, which she considers a \"comfortless, gloomy place.\"","Scope and Contents Desire of Moncure Robinson for Mrs. S.B. Taylor to be with them.","Scope and Contents Her respect for her father; family news.","Scope and Contents Their long friendship.","Scope and Contents The slow recovery of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson, from a severe illness.","Scope and Contents Asking the opinion of Moncure Robinson on \"the proposed Rail Road from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, as a means of connecting Philadelphia with the Valley of the Mississippi.\"","Scope and Contents The illness of her mother and herself, and her children who are being cared for by Cornelia Robinson.","Scope and Contents Trouble with Bird about through tickets and Fontaine on Louisa Railroads connections; Moncure Robinson will agree only to rent telegraph wires erected by the R.R., or work them in shares with Mr. Kendall's company.","Scope and Contents Urges Edwin Robinson to influence the Governor, Board of Public Works, and legislators against supporting the telegraph lines of Kendall; opposing influence of Bird in Petersburg; against election of Wickham to the Railroad Board of Directors; proxies for stockholders meeting; 3 1/2 percent dividend; Mr. Sharp supervising Railroad rolling stock; all negotiations fro through ticket notes to be handled by Moncure Robinson; article by Moncure Robinson on telegraph in Railroad Journal.","Scope and Contents Mount Vernon Line and the River and Bay Line Steamboat Companies, as opposed to the Piney Point Line of Moncure Robinson, opposing election of Wickham to Railroad Directors, enclosing letter \"to the editors of The Whig\" opposing a steamboat race.","Scope and Contents Negotiations for mail control renewals, with refusal to take Virginia local mail unless through mail also on their railroad; machinations of Kendall; through ticket negotiations; relations with soon to be opened Louisa Line, the Portsmouth Road and Bird; instructs Edwin Robinson to charge double for corpses and encloses the copy for an advertisement of the Railroad; \"am so anxious for the success of your administration that I suggest ... everything that comes in my mind.\"","Scope and Contents Opposing Bird; reducing the fare on the Piney Point line to meet the fare on the Bay Line; Railroad financing negotiations with Fontaine and \"Old Cove.\"","Scope and Contents Mail controls, with threat that the \"mail would be thrown off the road,\" rates for through tickets; purchase of a steamboat; affairs of the Daville Railroad. Gen. MacRae and through tickets; mail contract; purchase of a steamboat.","Scope and Contents Plans for a visit to Richmond to see the Governor and Henshaw; articles to be inserted in the Richmond papers; the health of Charlotte, his wife.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts and problems with the papers of Richmond and the Pennsylvanian and Ledger in Philadelphia; the ill health of his sons, John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Included a resolution to be presented to the Senate. Competition with stages and steamboats in conveying the mail \"we have only to be firm...and the mail must come to us,\" the opposition of \"Old Cove, Mayo Co.,\" plans to prepare a bill to be presented by Goggin.","Scope and Contents Social affairs.","Scope and Contents Financial matters; family affairs, providing money for the family.","Scope and Contents The death of a child and the expected birth of another.","Scope and Contents The birth of a fourth son Moncure Robinson and \"recent affliction\" (death of a daughter); affairs of the steamboat company; through ticket notes.","Scope and Contents Stockholders; the bill before Congress; and family affairs.","Scope and Contents Payment on bonds. J.C.R. Taylor, Jefferson County, Charlestown, W. Va., to Moncure Robinson. More payments.","Scope and Contents Purchase of Bay Stock; opposition to Bird; visit of his son Edmund to the grandparent in Richmond.","Scope and Contents A visit from Edmund, son of Moncure Robinson; family news.","Scope and Contents Railroad business and details of running the road.","Scope and Contents Arrangements for through tickets between New York or Philadelphia and Charleston, S. C.","Scope and Contents Complaining about troubles in remodelling an old house that they have bought. Written while on a visit to her brother's house. Jane Randolph, a cousin.","Scope and Contents A servant, Joshua, who is working to buy his freedom.","Scope and Contents A letter to Governor Smith; difficulties with Bird; affairs before the Virginia Legislature that Moncure Robinson is attempting to influence.","Scope and Contents Illness of their mother, Mrs. Agnes Robinson, with contents of her will copied in the letters.","Scope and Contents Improved health of Mrs. Agnes Robinson, matters of Moncure Robinson; affairs of Public Works; \"Bird...is plainly convicted, not only of duplicity, but of actual falsehood.\"","Scope and Contents Her youngest son, Conway; social news.","Scope and Contents An interview with the new Post Master General. Mail pay to the railroad line; the steamboat lines are able to pay a 14 percent dividend; Affairs of the stockholders, advice that Edwin close out his mercantile house and devote full time to position of President of the Railroad.","Scope and Contents The railroad rates for freight and passengers; mail contracts; railroad finances.","Scope and Contents The support of a program of plank road building in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Repairs to a ship, Georgia.","Issuing of additional stock; stock manipulation on appeal of legal case.","Scope and Contents Railroad stock prices and sales.","Scope and Contents Family news. Their sons, John and Eddy.","Scope and Contents Activity to influence the Virginia State Legislature; defeat of Fontaine in action taken there; enclosing copy of a bill to be presented to the legislature.","Scope and Contents A ticket exchange. Forwarded to Edwin Robinson with instructions to sell some of the stock of Moncure Robinson \"who has little else\" in the way of railroadstock.","Scope and Contents A portrait of Moncure Robinson by Sully and one of his wife; draft of an article written against a bill to make a loan to the Louisa Co.; a bill incorporating the Chesapeake Steamship Co.; settlement of an insurance claim; stock sales by Prof. Tucker; special trains, return tickets, steamboat schedules; introducing Mr. Mariani, an Italian.","Scope and Contents Quotation of stock prices in the papers in competition with the Louisa Line; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for not agreeing with Moncure Robinson on stock manipulation; railroad expenses and need for economy; expressing concern for the health of their father.","Scope and Contents Purchase of rails in England for extending the railroad from Richmond to the junction; increase in price of the railroad stock and attempt to keep down price of Fontaine's stock; competition of steamship line of Moncure Robinson with the B. \u0026 O. R.R.","Scope and Contents Purchases of iron for rails and other railroad business; instructions to Worthington, agent for steamboat freight; stock owned by Moncure Robinson under other names; the health of his wife, Charlotte.","Scope and Contents Attempts to bring down the price of Fontaine's stocks; regrets at the dismissal of an employer by Edwin Robinson; threatened resignation of Captain McCausland of the Piney Point Line; opposition to \"the Alexandria Bill\" in Washginton.","Scope and Contents An attempt to hold up the extension of the Louisa Road until after Supreme Court decision, and \"to keep it in a crippled condition\"; the railroad stock of Moncure Robinson increasing in value; an article recommending a plank road from Richmond to Staunton.","Scope and Contents Acknowledgement of donations of two volumes to the library by Conway Robinson.","Scope and Contents Sale of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock by Chauncey at 98; hope to retard extension of Louisa Line at meeting of their stockholders; collecting proxies for Richmond and Petersburg R.R. meeting; competing with Rives, Bolling and Bird.","Scope and Contents Return of Charlotte from a trip to Richmond; move to influence the North Carolina Legislature for a railroad to connect with Danville, Va.; the best route from Richmond to the Ohio; the plank road to Charlottesville.","Scope and Contents Pressure of Louisa Line, includes a memorial to the Legislature to be signed by \"residents of Charlottesville etc.\"; sends Edwin Robinson explicit instructions. His reply to Rives.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. on through tickets to N. Y. ; claims of the Louisa Co. (Central R.R.) and suit against the insurance company; draft of a bill for the Virginia Legislature; newspaper reports to hurt value of Central R.R. stocks.","Scope and Contents Letter received from Dr. Collins, which he encloses. William Collins, Portsmouth, to Charles W. Falls. The building of a railroad line from the Carolina border; and some problems with W. Rives.","Scope and Contents Requesting her brother to come to act in her father's place to \"give her away\" in marriage. Cornelia Robinson to Moncure Robinson. The marriage to Mr. Cunningham; and the checks sent by Moncure Robinson, one of which is returned.","Scope and Contents Battle with Fontaine of the Louisa R.R., hoping to bring it to bankruptcy, but fear that it will win in the Virginia Legislature; court troubles; negotiations with Parker.","Scope and Contents An invitation to a Wistar party.","Scope and Contents Stockholders meeting held at Norfolk; issuing of bonds; building of two new boats.","Scope and Contents Recommending economics in running the R.R.; opposition to Bird and Fontaine, \"no prospect of rest from Fontaine until U. S. ? road gets into a delapidated condition\"; schedules for connecting trains in Washington, D.C.; introducing Julius Contin, a representative of the French Government who is making a study of railroads in America.","Scope and Contents Prices for tickets over the R.R. of Moncure Robinson; printed page of \"A Catalogue of Routes, Places, Time and Rates of Fares from Boston.\"","Scope and Contents Traveling with his mother (father has died), and death of daughter of his brother, Conway; negotiating mail contracts with Post Master General Dundas; Piney Point Line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed.","Scope and Contents A defense of his regimes as President of the railroad; and complaint of the manner and attitude of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Fontaine of Central R.R., Parker of the B. \u0026 O., and the Alexandria and Fredericksburg R.R. and Gordonsville Road; selling of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock and purchase of N.Y. \u0026 Erie R.R. stock.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents An inquiry concerning John Moncure; including a power of attorney; hoping for a visit from his sister Charlotte and the rest of the family.","Scope and Contents John, son of Moncure Robinson, advising that he be allowed to pursue a scientific direction rather than a classical one in his studies.","Scope and Contents Success of an application by his son John to VMI and the distress caused by this to his wife Charlotte; settlement with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. on through tickets; mail contracts still pending.","Scope and Contents Sent with a printed pamphlet autobiography. Draft of a reply of Moncure Robinson to Pierce Butler. Sympathetic with his problems.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Payment on a note from Moncure Robinson; family affairs.","Scope and Contents Social news; report of tight money in Boston, \"the cause is no doubt this wicked tariff.\"","Scope and Contents He has taken John, son of Moncure Robinson, to the Va. Military Institute.","Scope and Contents Finances of the railroad line and purchase of more rails; attempts to undermine newspaper support of Central railroad line west of Richmond; shipment of claret wine for friends and for use on Washington and Fredericksburg steamboat line.","Scope and Contents Need for the purchases of more rails, \"the old portion of our road is breaking up rapidly.\"","Scope and Contents Notice to yield possession of a house he is renting from Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Railroad. Details of tickets, routes, etc.","Scope and Contents Draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to write to Gen. MacRae concerning through baggage; the business of the Bay Line negotiations with Parker Falls and Dundas; trip with his wife, Charlotte, to visit their son, John, at VMI.","Scope and Contents Best route to Lexington via train or other conveyance.","Scope and Contents Sent to Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Cordial social letter.","Scope and Contents A meeting of the railroad presidents called by the Post Master General; transport of passengers and baggage in Washington, D.C.; schedules to the south; need for an ice boat; Fontaine seeking a loan of $200,000 for his R.R., \"we ought to put some blocks in the way of it.\"","Scope and Contents Through tickets, ice boat, profits of the Piney Point Line, buying railroad stock; negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. and Fontaine of the Central R.R. (Louisa Line).","Scope and Contents Mail contracts, through tickets; transfer of passengers in Washington; Capt. Macausland of the Steamboat Line and Gen. MacRae of a competing R.R.","Scope and Contents Railroad financing and the Piney Point Line with newspaper advertisement enclosed.","Scope and Contents The Petersburg and Richmond railroad bill before the Virginia legislature; expenses of the railroad cutting profits; trouble with Geo. Mattingly.","Scope and Contents Trouble made by Falls; attempt to rouse the Petersburg people against him; manipulation of stocks.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. for through tickets; the Ice Boat Bill; the Louisa Case before the courts; Fontaine, Bird, and MacRae. Family affairs--death of their sister, Cornelia; a box of clothes sent to John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI.","Scope and Contents Employees of the steamboat line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed; trouble with Falls of the Bay Line.","Scope and Contents Visit with John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI; defeat of Ice Boat Bill; bills before legislature of N. Carolina and S. Carolina; trouble with Falls about through tickets.","Scope and Contents Steamboat schedules from Richmond; attempt to buy Seaboard of Roanoke stock at a depressed price; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for changing railroad schedules; a resolution to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; Edwin Robinson is running for the Virginia State.","Scope and Contents Signed by J.H. Smith, Superintendant.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for \"kind favors\"; but still thinks that he is entitled to redress in the suit against the railroad.","Scope and Contents Urging passing of a resolution which will corner Alexandria trader for the Piney Point Line; enclosing copy from William Parker, stating that B. \u0026 O. R.R. will return to old arrangement on through tickets; the R.F. \u0026 P. stockholders to control Falls; through tickets from the south and connections at Alexandria.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; government ice boat on the Potomac; negotiations with MacRae, Falls, and the Lynchburg \u0026 Tenn. R.R.; problems with employees Sharp and Macausland opposing increase in salaries with enclosed letter from L.H. Minor supporting increase in salaries; urges work to pass Richmond and Petersburg R.R. line with draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to send.","Scope and Contents E. Caylus has suggested to Ch. Sedgewick that Moncure Robinson be asked to be director of the \"Universal Exposition\" planned for New York, and has been empowered to ask confidentially whether he will accept the position. Endorsement refers to it as \"International Mining Engineers Exposition.\"","Scope and Contents Request for a meeting to iron out problems.","Scope and Contents Regrets that Moncure Robinson is not interested in the position of Director of the New York Exposition. He is embarking on a wine importing business for which he seeks some capital from Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Instructions to Capt. Macausland of the steamboat and steamboat expenses; passage of Ice Boat Bill in the Senate; schedule changes by Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R.","Scope and Contents The demerits received by his son, John.","Scope and Contents The Directors for the new Richmond and Petersburg R.R.; bills before the Virginia Legislature; opposition of Rives.","Scope and Contents Examination of his John, before the Board of Visitors, and the risks of his dismissal.","Scope and Contents Reduced fares on through tickets; the organization of the Potomac and Bay Steamship Company.","Scope and Contents Regrets at not being able to attend a \"symposium.\"","Scope and Contents Introducing Samuel Keifer, Chief Engineer of the Board of Public Works in Canada.","Scope and Contents Expressing his willingness to accept a position on the condition that \"its duties will be discharged by me independently, according to my conscientious convictions.\"","Scope and Contents Trouble with Parker on  arrangments for through tickets.","Scope and Contents Which are to be continued despite Parker; a recent railroad accident; problems of employees Macausland and Sharp; details of steamboat line management.","Scope and Contents Salary of Moncure Robinson as Pres. of the W. \u0026 F. Steamboat Col; details of management; seeking control of the Bay and Seaboard Route and the Seaboard and Roanoke Line.","Scope and Contents Enclosed with an article that he sends.","Scope and Contents A planned visit of her son Edmund.","Scope and Contents Secret purchases of stock to gain control of Bay Line and \"S. \u0026 R.\"; reprimands Edwin Robinson on his negotiations for through tickets; trouble with Parker; mention on Peter Daniel, new president of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents His visit to England and on friends of Moncure Robinson; visit to Eton College with description of the whipping stool; description of Hampton Court. Notes the election of Peter Daniel as president of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stock.","Scope and Contents Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R. in relation to the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; more trouble with Falls in connection with Seaboard and Bay stock; stock purchases by Prof. Tucker and Mr. Haxall; mail contracts; telegraph line; through tickets; John at Cambridge (Harvard University).","Scope and Contents Problems with Falls and Parker; baggage handling; Rogers and a new telegraph line.","Scope and Contents The cornering of stocks; problems with McHaffey.","Scope and Contents Printing of hand bills and advertisements.","Scope and Contents Payment on a note to Moncure Robinson and plans to move.","Scope and Contents Financial reports; passenger complaints on fares charged on the boats; mail connections; \"contemptible course of Falls in his effort to monopolize through travel.\"","Scope and Contents News that Conway Robinson sailed from Europe--expected in New York on October 11; news of other members of the Robinson family.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stocks and real estate; reports that travel has never been so good on the line as it has been this season.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stock; note owned by Caylus.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Loss (death of a child ?) sustained by Moncure Robinson and his wife Charlotte; accounts and schedules of the R.R.","Scope and Contents Accounts; a mail bill before Congress which would reduce payments to the railroads.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Schedules of steamboats; Capt. Macausland and Worthington; extension of Balto. \u0026 Wash. R.R. to the river; through tickets; stock sale; Daniel, Pres. of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Mr. Daniel and negotiations with Mr. Falls.","Scope and Contents Connecting trains and boats with enclosure from H.D. Bird and telegram from J.F. Simmons, Welden, to H.D. Bird; advice to Edwin Robinson on running the schedules; difficulty with Macausland; reason for Moncure Robinson's lack of confidence in Edwin Robinson.","Scope and Contents Railroad stocks and a meeting in Baltimore.","Scope and Contents Professional duties and high fees paid by Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Steamboat schedules; extension of the Washington road to the Potomac; insurance on the boats; opposition to the Central R.R.; Capt. Peck appointed for the line, but to be kept secret until after the Baltimore meeting. .","Scope and Contents Iron for rails for extension of the R.R. past the Junction; collection of tickets on trains and boats; countermanding decisions of Edwin Robinson; supporting Worthington; extension of the Washington Line to the Potomac; railroad investments and dividends.","Scope and Contents Price for transporting flour on the boats; competition of agents in Alexandria; uniformity of freight rates.","Scope and Contents Support for Capt. Peck against Mattingly; income of steam boat company reduced \"owing to the times throughout the country\"; strictest economy being observed.","Scope and Contents Lack of cost kept by Edwin Robinson for railroad iron; financial affairs of the Bay Co., Line; negotiations for Savage to buy out Falls; instructions for Bragg to get detailed instructions from Moncure Robinson for \"mode of connecting the rails.\"","Scope and Contents Meeting of the Board of the steamboat line; conflict over election of a director, finances, etc.","Scope and Contents A trip to Norfolk and Richmond, where he wishes to meet Edwin Robinson and Mr. Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. has now suggested through conductors from New York to Richmond, as well as through tickets.","Scope and Contents Mail contract and Bd. of Public Works; competition with the Central R.R. from Washington; negotiations with Dove of the Philadelphia and Baltimore R.R.; difficult relations with Peter Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.,and \"his board\"; number of accidents suggests that trains are running faster than they should.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; through tickets and Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R.; enclosing list of stockholders in the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. who own no R. \u0026 P. R.R. stock, urging Edwin Robinson to get they to buy in order to control both roads; criticism of the way rails were laid; more train accidents.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; influence with Board of Public Works directors and stockholders meetings; conflict with Rives; R.R. and steamboat line finances; newspaper schedule advertisements of connecting trains.","Scope and Contents Purchase of iron for tracks; R.R. and steamboat finances; R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock down to 70.","Scope and Contents Advice concerning studies leading to an engineering degree under Prof. Eustis; comparison of the abilities of John M. Robinson with those of his brother, Edmund, who is studying at the same place (Harvard University); enclosing a check for each son.","Scope and Contents Enclosing $100 to get John M. Robinson out of debt; advice on studies and criticism of letters; greetings of Agnes, Bev, and mother of John and Edmund. Advice concerning unworthy friends, especially Crawley, who has left a bill at the Brattle House; quoting scene from \"Hamlet\" at length; enclosing checks for John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Enclosing a check for John and his brother, Edmund, that might have to be cashed in Boston; advice on expenditures; advises that if he cannot graduate cum laude in January, that he wait another term. Advice on studies leading to graduation in July. Request for more money \"creates in me a good deal of surprise\"; \"unfortunate companions at Cambridge and \"you may have vices I have not before suspected\"; asks for an itemized statement. Candor of last letter from John M. Robinson; advice on expenses, studies and plans for graduation.","Scope and Contents Bills to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; the sharing of mail contracts with other lines; troubles with Fontaine of the Louisa Co., and with officials of other competing lines; financial problems of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Reprimand of Edwin Robinson on money matters; increasing financial problems; bill before the Virginia Senate and others before the Maryland Legislature; injunction case before the courts; enclosing letter from Anne W. Coleman and draft of letter from Moncure Robinson to C.W. MacMurdo, Jr.","Scope and Contents Degree to be received in July from Cambridge, working under Prof. Eustis; check enclosed for John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Bills before the Virginia and Maryland legislatures; railroad finances, railroad stocks and bonds; enclosed articles on railroad rates, problems of lost baggage, and danger of speed of 35 mph.","Scope and Contents Railroad bonds; bills before the Legislature; iron for rails.","Scope and Contents Enclosing check; advice on study; problem of Edmund and pistols.","Scope and Contents Effort of Falls to direct passengers to the Bay Line; an agent in the North to sell through tickets.","Scope and Contents Advice on ompanions and study; check enclosed for Edmund. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to his son, John M. Robinson. Letter from Charles Wadsworth concerning the Ecole des Mines, where John M. Robinson may go after taking his Bachelor of Science degree at Harvard.","Scope and Contents The future career of John M. Robinson and the possibility of his going to the School of Mines in France.","Scope and Contents Possibility that John M. Robinson will not get his degree; advice on a \"conversation\" with Prof. Eustis in this direction.","Scope and Contents Advice on the coming examination; comment on the assault of Brooks on Sumner and the pro-slavery feeling of the Southern members of Congress. Enclosing letter from Prof. Eustis giving assurance of a degree for John, which is to be kept secret from Edmund. Encouraging John M. Robinson; enclosing check.","Scope and Contents Reporting that Thompson Brown is recovering with the nursing Fanny; economy on railroad and boat line; contracts for rails and spikes; through tickets; plan to go to \"the new Philadelphia Bathing Place, Atlantic City.\"","Scope and Contents A mistake in interest payment made to Moncure Robinson by C.W. MacMurdo.","Scope and Contents An attempt to influence Fillmore vs. Buchanan votes by block-voting of the stockholders if R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. does not receive mail contract; selling bonds to meet the bills for rails purchased.","Scope and Contents Expressing confidence in his son; suggesting the possibility of an engineering position in Chile.","Scope and Contents Unanswered letter to Mr. MacMurdo.","Scope and Contents Offer of position for John M. Robinson on the Philadelphia and Reading R.R. by G.A. Niolls, General Superintendent; advice on smoking and drinking.","Scope and Contents His volunteer labor to gain experience; enclosing check. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Value of field work experience to an engineer. Value of learning the practical use of instruments. More advice with a check enclosed.","Scope and Contents Recommends that he enter University of Virginia for the next term for a course of general studies; enclosing two checks.","Scope and Contents Complaints about arrangements made by Edwin Robinson for baggage transportation and for through tickets from New York.","Scope and Contents Railroad finances and dividends; the impossibility of meeting current expenses out of current income; importance of the injunction case in court.","Scope and Contents The lectures of Professors McGuffey and Maupin (at the University of Virginia); the degree conferred on him at Harvard; arrangements for living with his uncle John. Opportunities in the Northwest.","Scope and Contents Course in chemistry under Dr. Maupin who is \"often unsuccessful in his experiments\" and Dr. McGuffey in belles lettres.","Scope and Contents The increased expenses and diminished income of the railroad.; need for retrenchment; negotiations of railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents A tip for Dan on leaving Charlottesville. Announcing the death of their old \"Mammy\"; advice on studies and religion.","Scope and Contents Finances; notes for payment to Reeves, Buch \u0026 Co., for rails; mail contracts, insurance policies; injunction case; need to raise fares in order to meet railroad costs.","Scope and Contents Returning letter of John M. Robinson with spelling and punctuation corrected. More advice on rhetoric; John M. Robinson will be with his grandmother in Richmond for Christmas. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Thankfulness for escape of John M. Robinson from injury in an accident; religious comments.","Scope and Contents Railroad finances, urging increase of rates and reduction of expenses; Increase in railroad accidents; mortal injuries to Sam Brown in Central R.R. accident, train going at excessive speed of 35 mph; danger of serious accident where Fontaine's Central R.R. crosses the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. at level crossing; attempt of Falls to take over Seaboard and Roanoke R.R. through stockholders of the Bay Line; slaves killed while working on R.R.; mail contracts, with enclosed newspaper article on \"The Great Southern Mail Route.\"","Scope and Contents Absence from lectures at University of Virginia; more on rhetoric. A coming ball in Philadelphia; chance that John M. Robinson will give \"his protection\" to Miss McFarland on the trip; check enclosed.","Scope and Contents Failure of mail due to \"the interruption of the railroads\"; Edmund is occupied with his law books; visit of John M. Robinson to Philadelphia. Enclosing a pass for the R.R.; asks John M. Robinson to pick up a nail brush he left at a hotel a month before.","Scope and Contents Trouble between Malcolm Macever and Beyland; Edmund accompanied Miss MacFarland to Richmond; advice on studies and recommending the reading of Addison for style in writing. Comment on essay sent to Moncure Robinson by John M. Robinson; Edmund plans to continue his preparation in law at Wilkes-Barre, Pa.","Scope and Contents Plans to send Edmund to France for the summer; the return of John M. Robinson from the University in the summer. Many meetings of the railroad and steamboat companies; correction of essay sent by John M. Robinson; riot at the University and type of young man there.","Scope and Contents Corrections made on a letter from John M. Robinson; sale of his mare to his uncle John Moncure. The possibility of a position for John M. Robinson after he leaves the University. Future plans for John M. Robinson; Democrats won election in Virginia, defeating Edwin Robinson, brother of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Reply to a letter from Edwin Robinson which \"has given me...a great deal of pain.\" Edwin Robinson is dissatisfied with the attitude of Moncure Robinson and has been \"placed in charge of the work at my instance.\" Recommending more economy and defending the interests of the stockholders.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Rejected plans for a \"horse railroad\" from the University to Charlottesville; the disappointment of Moncure Robinson in his investment in the \"Fredericksburg rail-road\" (the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.) due to the fact that Virginia did not keep faith to the company.","Scope and Contents Storm damage to the railroad line; threat to sell out his stock (in the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.) if the vote does not go his way, a vote involving Dr. Haxall.","Scope and Contents Stay of John M. Robinson in New York and Boston.","Scope and Contents A steam carriage for turnpikes which he is to see demonstrated at \"the Novelty Works.\"","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Care for his grandmother Robinson in Richmond. The purpose of his stay in Richmond--\"making yourself as thoroughly acquainted as possible with everything connected with the rail-road management.\" His return to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Handbills announcing the route from Washington to Richmond via Fredericksburg. Draft of the above.","Scope and Contents Handbills; the competition of the Orange R.R. Co.; and the discussions with Mr. Jackson in New York.","Scope and Contents The care of John M. Robinson for his sister, Agnes, at Atlantic City. Advice concerning his inferior position with the Philadelphia and Baltimore Rail Road; an account of the first work that Moncure Robinson did in railroad works; discussion of opportunities in Chile and Brazil.","Scope and Contents His interest in \"Lee's machine,\" a test of it on their line; resolutions of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. Co.; investigation of steamboat building yards.","Scope and Contents Comparative advantages to the stockholders of the Seaboard \u0026 Roanoke and Bay Line, the \"upper route,\" R.F. \u0026 P. R.R., and the Richmond and Petersburg Co., of through tickets which preferred one route over another.","Scope and Contents Report of amount due to R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. on through tickets sold at New York during the month of March 1859.","Scope and Contents Notification of the shipment of iron to Richmond.","Scope and Contents His meeting Mr. Bradford, the \"great English reformer,\" discussing Mr. Chevalier; summer plans.","Scope and Contents Good reports of the railroad and the Bay Line; his plans to go into the office of Biddle upon graduation.","Scope and Contents Social letter; concern about Virginia and \"fanatics south of Mason and Dixon's Line.\"","Scope and Contents Laments the rejection of Mr. Crittenden's proposition; believes the central states should mediate between the Cotton States and the New England States; \"if the Union must be dissolved, let it be with dignity\"; preparations for the family to be protected in case of war; he has finished his law course at Cambridge (Harvard).","Scope and Contents Insurance on a new boat which is to be opened to the public; instructions for Mattingly and Cap. Reynolds.","Scope and Contents The new position of John M. Robinson in Portsmouth, supervising the steamboat line and S. \u0026 R. R.R. activities at that place; no trains to run on Sunday; mention of Tazewell Taylor.","Scope and Contents An injunction received by action of the Court of Appeals; railroad and Bay Co. business; enclosed resolution about the debt of the railroadcompany in England.","Scope and Contents R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock; purchase of rails for the railroad; through tickets.","Scope and Contents Interest of John M. Robinson in the prosperity of the Petersburg R.R. and willingness of Mr. Sanford to acquaint him with his system; a limit on the number of free tickets; general advice. Relations with the Raleigh road and the Seaboardline; purchase of a new steamboat and repairs to an old one; Conway Robinson in court involving the Maryland turnpike; other R.R. and steamboat business.","Scope and Contents Through tickets to the South.","Scope and Contents Trouble with their competitors over through tickets; iron for rails; railroad finances; arrangments with S. M. Felton and Peter V. Daniel.","Scope and Contents Relationship between the Bay Line, S. \u0026 R. R.R., and the Baltimore line; mentions Wilson, Falls, Savage and Jackson; special notes of return tickets.","Scope and Contents Issuing of free tickets; and stock of the lines.","Scope and Contents Relationship of the Baltimore R.R. with the Seaboard line in carrying freight; concerning matters on the farm; relationship of the Bay Co. with the S. \u0026 R. R.R.","Scope and Contents Freight brought over the Petersburg R.R. to their road and ships; good financial condition of their enterprise. Freight; S. \u0026 R. R.R. bonds; advice.","Scope and Contents Calling him home to take care of farm business. Relationship of the Seaford Line and the Bay Line with the Seaboard R.R.; the steamboats on their line; a planned new line.","Scope and Contents A report of the visit of the Prince to Cambridge and discussion of the possible results of the recent election of Lincoln, danger to the Union.","Scope and Contents Freight business \"provided the present relations between Virginia and the northern states continue\"; mass meeting to be held in Independence Square to support the Union.","Scope and Contents His success in the management of the railroad and steamship company.","Scope and Contents Request for a power of attorney for shares of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock held in the name of John M. Robinson.","Scope and Contents Problems raised by the imminence of \"flagrant hositlities,\" including the seizure of the boats of the Potomac Steamboat Company, impounding of assets, etc.","Scope and Contents Drafts for payment of railroad accounts.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents He considers that the dissolution of the Union is impossible, but dreads a fratricidal war which seems now about to be inaugurated.","Scope and Contents A letter sent by flag of truce to Norfolk, Va. Edmund, brother of John M. Robinson, who is practicing law in New York; Bay Co., and railroad stocks and dividend payments.","Scope and Contents Finances of the Bay Co., and dividends to be paid; the confiscation Bill which has passed the U.S. Congress.","Scope and Contents Regret at inability to send dividends due to the war and English blockade of the Southern ports. The letter was sent via Tampico, Mexico.","Scope and Contents Dividends paid on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Daniel via Mexico.","Scope and Contents Payment of dividends on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Thomas Hankey \u0026 Co.","Scope and Contents Norfolk is about to be evacuated; new hope under George Randolph as Secretary of War; Moncure Robinson has been declared an enemy alien and his property transferred to his son, John M. Robinson, who is in the Confederate Forces, aide de camp to Maj. Gen. Loring with rank of Captain; farewell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Original letter withdrawn by Lydia Robinson and given to the Bermuda Historical Society. Son of Moncure Robinson whom he has seen in Richmond and who sends his regards to his brother, Edmund Robinson, in New York; suggestions concerning the affairs of Moncure Robinson. In French, typed translation included.","Scope and Contents Announcing the death of his grandmother, mother of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents John. M. Robinson has been placed in charge of the movement of stores from Portsmouth before it is abandoned to the Northern Forces; His battle in the Confederate Legislature to have his father's property come to him as a loyal southerner; his experiences at battle at Roanoke Island with a map of the island and the area around it.","Scope and Contents Report on his activities with the Confederate forces before being sent to Europe to procure railroad supplies for the Confederacy; his journey from Spain to England; the property of Moncure Robinson in the South, held by John M. Robinson. His business in England; chance that England may enter the war against the U.S.; has seen his uncle, Edwin Robinson, in London; letters from his brother, Edmund.","Scope and Contents His acquaintances in London, including Russell, Blake, Hankey, and Lord Somers; sympathy widespread for the South; English interest payments on railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents Reports that the case before Judge Haliburton has been decided in favor of John M. Robinson, so that all the assets of Moncure Robinson, Edmund and Beverly revert to John M. Robinson; railroad finances and management in the South; activities with the Confederate forces.","Scope and Contents Report of the attack on Petersburg by Grant, topped by the forces of Lee; destruction of Sheridan; thieving expeditions of Hunter; hope that \"the crazy people of the United States will come to their senses in the coming Presidential campaign,\" but willingness to fight on for five more years; report on activities of Cary, and death of Willy; settlement of railroad finances; hope to go to Europe if war ends in defeat of the South.","Scope and Contents The management of the affairs of the S. \u0026 R. R.R. and the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; his activity as General Military Supt. of railroads; the war's progress.","Scope and Contents Sons in war; railroad stock transactions; members of the family (names hidden because of war censorship).","Scope and Contents Dividends of the Seaboard and Roanoke Co.; concerning \"this useless war,\" the hope that the November election will \"disclose the fact that the majority have had enough of this mode of restoring the Union.\"","Scope and Contents Dividends and other affairs of the Seaboard line; negotiations with Rives, cousin Wirt Robinson and Wilson.","Scope and Contents Dividends of the S. \u0026 R. R.R. Co.","Scope and Contents Written via Barbados; shares of the R.F. \u0026 P. Co.; desire to rid self of interests in Virginia; possibility that family will reside in Europe after the war; Beverley's residence in Paris.","Scope and Contents A nephew, Henry, who had been taken a prisoner of war. Henry Robinson, Steamer Santiago de Cuba, to Mr. Walke. Enclosed with the above recounting his condition as a prisoner.","Scope and Contents Settlement of debts owed by John M. Robinson in the south; prospect of end of the war; suggestion that profits could be made by forming a company in England to run the blockade.","Scope and Contents Incomplete.","Scope and Contents Finances.","Scope and Contents Troubles of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R., trains over a day late; lack of engines, repair facilities; need for financing.","Scope and Contents Welcoming a son and daughter of his old friend, Moncure Robinson, upon their arrival in England, and inviting them to visit him in France. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Affairs of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. and the Pot. S.B. Co., of which companies Moncure Robinson is a large stockholder.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for a memoir of Mr. Chevalier read by Moncure Robinson at the Philosophical Society.","Scope and Contents Enclosing some copies of \"The Ledger\" in which there is a notice of a work by Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents A discussion of the charter of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Co.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Acknowledging the news of the death in America of her guardian, Mr. Seybert, and expressing grief. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents An inheritance left to her by Mr. Seybert. Enclosed is a copy of an article on the cremation of Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Information for an article by Moncure Robinson on Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included. Lucie de Saivre, Paris, to Moncure Robinson. Requesting a copy of the will of Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents More concerning the will of Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for the memoir of Mr. Seybert written by Moncure Robinson. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Social letter. In French, translation included. Incomplete.","Scope and Contents Condolences for the death of the brother of Moncure Robinson, Conway Robinson. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents The death of the father of Leigh Robinson; mention of an article in the Albany Law Journal.","Scope and Contents Settlement of debt to Moncure Robinson by widow and children of Conway Robinson; Moncure Robinson has refused to accept land for the debt.","Scope and Contents Arrangements to mortgage \"Vinelands\" for $20,000 in order to pay cash to Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents The settlement of debts of Conway Robinson to his brother, Moncure Robinson, by the widow and children of Conway Robinson, for $20,000 cash; appreciation for the generosity of this settlement.","Scope and Contents Recommending that son of Moncure Robinson, Jr., be \"president of the company.\" Incomplete.","Scope and Contents The name for a new company which is to benefit Petersburg and Richmond. Incomplete.","Scope and Contents The commencement of work on a new railroad.","Scope and Contents A problem of their sister Cornelia, who wishes to marry a man of whom the family does not approve.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents The transactions of Moncure Robinson as President of the Potomac Steamboat Co., and as attorney for stockholders in the Baltimore Steam Packet Co.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Social note.","Scope and Contents Notification of his election to the Story Association of Harvard University.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Concerning the meeting with his future wife, Charlotte Taylor.","Scope and Contents Concerning his marriage to Charlotte Taylor.","Scope and Contents","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"collection_ssim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, 1787/1889"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 65 R56, 77-14","/repositories/2/resources/8747"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_ssm":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"creators_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844","Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The materials in this collection were donated to William \u0026 Mary Special Collections Research Center numerous batches between the period of 1928 and 1977 by Miss Agnes Conway Robinson, Moncure Biddle (as a gift of the Moncure Robinson descendants), Wirt R. Robinson, and from University of Virginia Special Collections."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Agriculture--Southern States--History--19th century","Civil engineering--United States--History--19th century","Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Potomac Railroad","Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["3302 items"],"extent_ssm":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.00 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Financial records","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Moncure_Robinson\" title=\"Moncure Robinson\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026amp; Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["Moncure Robinson (1802-1891) was born in Richmond, Va. He was educated at the College of William and Mary and at the Sorbonne where he studied to be a civil engineer. He was a railroad planner and builder and a railroad and steamboat owner. His most noted project was the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. He retired from engineering work in 1847. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: .","Moncure Robinson is referred to as \"one of the most distinguished civil engineers in the United States\" and the \"genius of America's earliest railways.\" He was instrumental in the early development and growth of the country's great railroad system.","Unlike many of the engineers of the early nineteenth century, Robinson did not receive his engineering education at West Point. He acquired his engineering education through self-directed study and the observation of engineering projects throughout the United States and Europe. Within nine years of the introduction of the first steam locomotive in the United States, he surveyed, supervised the construction, or was the consulting engineer for 721 miles of track, or one-third the entire railroad track built to that time. At the time of his death in 1891, over 163,000 miles of track spanned the country.","The Robinson family presence in Virginia dates to 1688 at New Charles Parish. Moncure Robinson was born in Richmond, Virginia on February 2, 1802. He was the eldest son of John Robinson III and Agnes Conway Moncure.","Moncure entered The College of William and Mary in 1816 and was a student there until his expulsion in 1818. The College asked Moncure and 21 other students to leave after a dispute involving the charges for a lecture class. He was later exonerated, but never returned to the school and fulfill his father's expectation to follow his example and become an attorney.","In 1818, fascinated by the canal building that was taking place in Virginia, Robinson applied for a position with the Board of Public Works to survey a route from Richmond to the Ohio River. Denied a job because of his youth, the Board recognized his enthusiasm and allowed Robinson to accompany the surveyors as a volunteer. Three years later, the Board hired him to assist in locating an extension for the James River Canal. He traveled to New York to view the construction of the Erie Canal. That visit convinced him of the advantages of railroads over canals as a means of transportation and an aid to commerce. He submitted a report to the Virginia Board of Public Works disputing the benefits of the further development of canals, and praising the value of the railroad in its place. The Board did not view the report enthusiastically. He resigned his position and, at that moment, became devoted to the development of railroads.","George Stephenson, the inventor of the first steam locomotive for railways that he called, a \"steam propelled traveling engine,\" influenced Robinson greatly. In 1825, Robinson traveled to Europe to meet Stephenson, and attended lectures in mathematics and science at the Sorbonne in France. For three years, he would study the canal and bridges of England and Wales, the great port installations built by Napoleon in France and the dikes of Holland.","Upon his return to the America in 1828, the state of Pennsylvania commissioned Robinson to survey a railroad link over the Alleghany Mountains at Blair's Gap Summit to connect a section of canal at Hollidaysburg on the east with one at Johnstown, 37 miles to the west. Robinson's innovative survey and ingenious design consisted of five level and five inclined planes on either side of the mountain. Stationary steam engines pulled railroad cars up a series of incline planes on one side of the mountain and lowered them down along the inclined plane system on the other side. His design provided specifications for the first railroad tunnel in the United States-the 901 foot Staple Bend Tunnel. The Alleghany Portage, completed in 1834, was an important section of a 400-mile system of canal and rail connecting Philadelphia with Pittsburgh to compete with the Erie Canal.","During the next three years, Robinson engaged in building railroads in Virginia. He was responsible for building four of the first five railroads in the state. His lines connected Richmond with Roanoke, Petersburg, Fredericksburg, and points on the Potomac River. He is responsible for designing a bridge over the James River to accommodate the route from Richmond to Petersburg. The bridge, considered engineering marvel at the time, was 2,844 feet long and rose sixty feet above the river. The latticed superstructure consisted of 19 spans of lengths varying form 140 to 153 feet.","The American Philosophical Society recognized Robinson's engineering proficiency and elected him to membership in 1834.","In 1835, Robinson married Charlotte Randolph Taylor, the granddaughter of Edmund Randolph, the first Attorney General of the United States and Thomas Jefferson's successor as Secretary of State. The newly married Robinson settled in Philadelphia. The Robinsons had 11 children, 5 sons, and 6 daughters, 8 surviving infancy. The surviving children were John Moncure of Baltimore, Edmund Randolph of New York, Agnes Conway, who married Charles Chauncey, Beverley who married Anna Foster, Charles Randolph, Moncure of Philadelphia, Frances Brown who married Algernon Sydney Biddle and Nathalie who married Henry C. Boyer.","In the first year of his marriage, Robinson began work on his greatest engineering achievement-the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading Railroad. The railroad was intended to carry anthracite coal mined in northeastern Pennsylvania to market at Philadelphia. The 1,932 foot Black Rock Tunnel at Phoenixville, and a stone bridge of four, 72-foot long spans spanning the Schuylkill River are major engineering features the line. As Chief Consulting Engineer, Robinson formulated three fundamental rules for determining road grades and track curvatures, invented the iron freight car and was first to use stone for track ballast. In 1836, he traveled to England to obtain investments in the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading and returned with over two million dollars from investors. Robinson designed and named one of most powerful steam locomotives of the time, the \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\", for its two prominent English investors. The \"Gowan \u0026 Marx\" could pull forty times its own weight.","In 1839, he surveyed the route for a railroad from Brunswick, Georgia, on the Atlantic coast, to the Gulf of Mexico.","In 1840, Nicholas I, the Czar of Russia attempted to employ Robinson to oversee the building of a railroad system in Russia. Robinson declined the offer but consulted with Russian engineers on how to proceed.","By appointment of the Secretary of the Navy in 1842, Robinson, along with Commodores William Shubrick and David Conner served on commissions that eventually recommended Wallabout Bay as the site for a dry dock and naval station in New York harbor.","Robinson retired from active civil engineering in 1847 and moved to Philadelphia to devote his time to his personal investments. He left his profession as the leading railroad engineer in the United States, attained an international reputation for engineering excellence and marvelous executive talents, and was frequently consulted during his retirement on various railroad projects. He influenced Frederick List, called the \"Father of German Railroads\" and Michel Chevalier, the Minister of Public Works under Louis Philippe and the most eminent engineer in France.","In 1853, the American Society of Civil Engineers bestowed one of its highest honors on Robinson by electing him an honorary member.","Robinson purchased a large farm at Penllyn, north of Philadelphia and operated it as a Southern plantation. He was an open advocate of abolition and freed his slaves at the outset of the Civil War; however, he had sympathies with the South partly because of his investments in southern railroads. His son John Moncure, a Colonel in the Confederate army, went to England by order of Jefferson Davis to procure loans and purchase supplies for the South. Many of the John's contacts were the very same investors that his father had courted during the construction of the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading. While in Europe, John corresponded with his father and transferred large sums of money southern banks.","Moncure Robinson died on November 16, 1891. He is buried at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia. At the time of his death, there were over 163,000 miles of railroad track in the United States."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMoncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Moncure Robinson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information:"],"processinfo_tesim":["Box and folder inventory completed by Emily Eklund, SCRC staff, in January 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials:"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also; Robinson Family Papers (Mss. 39.1 R56), Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePersonal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Antony and Betsy, brother and sister of John Robinson; need to move from Richmond in \"the sickly months.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Nancy and Starkey, William and Anthony, brothers and sisters of John Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Marriage of Betsy, sister of John Robinson; warning him to be careful of the company he keeps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Brothers and sisters of John Robinson, living with W.M.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The law training of John Robinson and his plans to marry; sending money to him.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His law studies and Miss K ?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The sessions of the U.S. Congress in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Decision of the Congress to move to Philadelphia for ten years while the new national capital is being built on Potowmac.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His brother Starkey and family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Building of \"accomodations for Congress\" and the flourishing condition of the Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Request that her brothers \"purchase a few things\" for her.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The capture of a runaway slave, Nell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news: the return of the Negro, Nell; the  health of the sister of John Robinson; and commending Billy, the son of W.M.  .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notes that Wm. Harrison is an ensign of the Federal Troops at $18 per month, and is going South to fight the Indians. A bill is before the Congress to apportion the number of representatives from each state on the basis of the recent census.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sickness of the sister of John Robinson; concern for the son of W.M.; John Robinson's study of the law; and the sale of the Negro, Nell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mrs. Mallory, the aunt of John Robinson; the Temple's ball; books and pamphlets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her proposed marriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents \"To be left at the Halfway House between York and Hampton.\" Advised that he sell the cows and oxen for cash, and that he send up the three boys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The drunken condition of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson; of the marriage of the son of W.M.; and later of the recovery of Starkey and his sober reform.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A request that John Robinson buy a copy of the first edition of the laws of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The threat of war between England and France; a visit by W. Hunter of Williamsburg; sickness in Pocoson and the return of Starkey to drink.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mrs. J. Robinson, this sister of J.M. and the two Robinson children, Moncure and Agnes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by L.H. Girardin and Chiles Terrell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advance of tuition for teaching French to his son, Moncure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by Francis Galvan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Gives advice regarding his studies and corrects grammar and spelling; a discussion of the Polemic Society, the Library Society, and the Rhetoric Society, at the College of William and Mary; doubts the need for a library at the College; gives news from the papers of the reported destruction of the French ship \"L'Epervier\" by a \"British 74\" off Turk's Island and the ceding of \"The Floridas\" to England by Spain; news has just come of the death of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A thesis written by John Robinson; supplies sent down from Richmond; advice for deportment at College; news that a Navy Yard is considered for York; advice on personal cleanliness. Enclosing newspapers recording the cession of the Floridas by Spain to Great Britain; warning not to read the papers to the detriment of his studies; reports Seneca on studies; reports the control of a house fire by a line of citizens passing water. A visit with Mr. Saunders; and advice to keep well so that nothing may interfere with his studies. A thesis by Moncure Robinson on \"Taste\" and the College President's comments on Moncure Robinson; advises reading \"Blair's Lectures\" in regard to sentence structure; notes that Moncure Robinson matriculated under the usual age; greetings from his brothers, Cary and Conway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Clothes sent to him; a thesis on \"Metaphor\"; his roommates Lundy and Goodwin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Christmas visit with his Aunt Cary in Warwick; mention of help in mathematics from Mr. Taylor; note on the inadequacy of his preparation for college by Mr. Terrel, especially in mathematics; and advice for the studies of his brothers, Cary and Conway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Arrangements for the \"Birthnight Ball\" in Williamsburg; the schooling of his brothers, Cary, Conway, and Edwin; visits with Mrs. Page and Mr. Coleman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A speech to a college society and assigned thesis on \"Suicide\"; reports of a near duel between Mr. Douthas and Mr. M. Cabell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The suspension of lectures in Chemistry due to insult of one student by others; threat of expulsion from College by whole class unless guilty one is discovered.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A meeting of parents of students attending the College in regard to the trouble in the Chemistry lectures.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News that the chemistry lectures are resumed, though trouble is not over.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Having completed the examinations, he is to come to Richmond by steamboat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Arrangements to board with Mr. Brown; a dinner for Dr. Jones, who had been \"maltreated by the President\"; fees for attending lectures, professors' fees, $45.00 library subscription and fee to Franklinian Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requests that John Robinson sell two of her Negro men \"without sending him to a Back Woods Man, which I would not on any account do\"; suggests that Moncure is staying up too late with his studying.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports prank of night ringing of College and church bells, for which Robert Pickett, R. Donthat, and Richard Cunningham were suspended because they knew who was guilty, but refused to inform authorities; Moncure Robinson asks permission to resign from the College if he is put in such a position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by Ferdinand S. Campbell, Prof. of Math and Clk. of the Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports the demand of Mr. Hare that each student pay $40 for a series of lectures for a portion of the year, the usual charge being $10; requests his father's permission to leave College and to continue his reading and study privately.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Detailing the situation which arose from a written remonstrance to Dr. Hare regarding his high fees, signed by Moncure Robinson and 25 other students, for which all were suspended from the College.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Announces the suspension of (Moncure Robinson) son of John Robinson, due to his act in signing a \"remonstrance\" petition to the Chemistry Professor (Dr. Hare) for his unfair fees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports the events which led up to the suspension of Moncure from the College, arising from a paper signed by several students regarding Dr. Hare who \"should have demanded only $10.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The suspension of the students at William and Mary College; he regrets the situation but supports his son and thanks W.B. for his support and help.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports that \"it was stated by the President that in the unfortunate affair the College lost some of its brightest ornaments, among whom everyone ranked Moncure\" and that a law had been enacted to prevent such demands (by professors) in the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Property settled for Ben I. Gilbert by John Robinson; suggesting a political career for Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Moncure Robinson who is visiting his uncle Moncure, suggests that he might attempt to qualify for the position of the Secretary of the Board of Public Works.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The plans of Moncure Robinson to settle in N. Y. to take lessons in perspective drafting, disappointed in this prospect, Moncure Robinson plans to visit the N. Y. canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Introducing Moncure Robinson, a Civil Engineer who wishes to examine the Great Western Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Property in N. Y. purchased by John Robinson; his trip of examination of part of the canal; and his impression of the Military Academy at West Point.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Hopes for employment with the John Robinson Company, but until he hears he will use his time in copying off some of the plans used in the construction of the New York Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents While waiting word on employment by the James River company, he continues his journey to Niagra and environs; plane to go to Philadelphia to examine \"specimens of mechanical ingenuity\" there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He plans to proceed to New York and Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The John Robinson Co. and Col. Gamble; prospects of a position with them for Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A paper regarding the estate of John Taylor, signed by Charles Cocke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Personal letter, in which he expresses his interest in the promising future of Moncure, son of John Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Bank drafts; the news of the death of Lord Byron; and the destruction of the ship \"Hannibal\" by lightning while crossing the Atlantic.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The plans of the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the U.S. and of the enmity and jealousy of him in France; the new work by Washington Irving is eagerly awaited in Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Accounts of his visits with the President and Secretaries of State and War in Washington on his way to Europe; his examination of the docks in Havre de Grace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The sailing of Moncure Robinson on April 4; end of a fast trip by Conway Robinson to Richmond; he is now in a New York wholesale house.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Describes a visit to Versailles, and attendance at the French Chamber of Deputies; relates his acquaintance with many of his fellow countrymen in Europe, even some fine people from states north of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Their father's \"favorite Villa\"; listing family at dinner; noting the death of Dr. Adams and Mr. Munford; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Moncure Robinson writes, \"in practical mechanics the French must be at least one hundred years behind the English.. Here I can travel in no direction but I come across some fine specimens of art executed in this land of dull and plodding people.\" He goes on to describe the technical wonders of the \"New London Bridge\" and the Thames Tunnel, including the method of digging under the Thames River; he plans to study the canals and railroads of England and Holland before returning for the lectures on mathematics and algebra at the Sorbonne.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Visit to their uncle, John Moncure, and other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; his visit to Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Capt. Eustace, who has lost a child; asking about the tunnel under the Thames in London; Pennsylvania society for internal improvement has sent Mr. Strickland to England for information on Railways and Canals; Court Martial proceedings in Washington for Comdr. Porter (Comdr. Barron, President) and Comdr. Stewart; conflict between Gov. of Georgia and Pres. of U.S. in relation to Creek Indians, Genl. Gaines dispatched to protect the Indians; Genl. Lafayette departing the U.S. after a visit of more than a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His traveling companions, John Ambler, Seybert and Chauncey; his study of the Chirk and Pontcysyllte aqueducts; he is entertained by Lord and Lady Dungannon at tea after meeting the Lord on his estate, and shown through the colleges of Oxford by a young Oxonian that he met in the Bodlean Library; he comments on the great wealth in England and the many world schemes put into operation by English capital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recounts his hospitable reception in Holland, where he visited Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Antwerp; he met Lefevre, a distinguished Civil Engineer of Lyon, and received a letter of introduction to Baron Dupin, the author of the famous work on the institutions and public works of England; he describes the work of Napoleon in cutting a new channel for the Rhine River to the sea.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents First letter received from Moncure Robinson \"after nearly half a year\"; the poor of England; their cousin, Henry Wood Moncure, and news of mutual friends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The problems of steam boats on the upper James River; R.H. is a candidate for the state legislature of Virginia; he reports a visit to the family of Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mr. R. Harrison has published some extracts of letters received from John Robinson, with his father's permission; reports that nothing will be done immediately in the improvement of the James River, but that there are opportunities for engineers on \"internal improvements\" elsewhere; suggestion of Moncure Robinson that a railroad be built from headwaters of the James River to the Kanawha River has been much discussed; \"Your account of the Steam Waggons towing 2 or 3 others on the railways of England, \u0026amp; heavily loaded, seems quite fascinating to the friends of internal improvement\"; news of panic in New York as a result of cotton speculations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News that John Tyler is Governor and John Randolph is Senator, replacing Col. Barbour, and other elections reported; news of an influenza epidemic in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His progress in French and his continued studies; his plans to visit the canals and public works of France before proceeding to Italy, where he will spend the next winter; reports that he dined with the U.S. minister, where he met General Lafayette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Describes his life in Paris, calls made on Mr. Michaux and the Baron Dupin and notes, \"It is really astonishing in a country where...so many such men exist, that they body of the nation should nevertheless be so little advanced in all the useful arts\"; he goes on to describe the poverty in Paris, the filth of the back streets and the like.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He is studying the system of draining marshes in England, Holland, and Italy, as a basis for similar work along the seaboard of the Southern states in the U.S. and the mines of England; he reports his expenses and the joys of living in Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asks his father to get some information on a Mr. Aubry for the U.S. Consul in Paris, Mr. Barbet; states the John Ambler with whom he has travelled much in England and in Europe will soon be returning to Virginia. Enclosed letter concerning Aubry, with copy of letter from L. Cany, Richmond, to Aubry, 1825 February 23. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His own indisposition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A brief letter sent with John Jacquelin Ambler, who was returning to Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Tells of his failure to use billets to the King's Chapel where he would have been \"tea-table distance\" from His Majesty and the whole royal family, and of the few people he knows in Paris; he advises against his brother coming to France to make a living.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The low spirits of Moncure Robinson reflected in his last letter; the embarrassed situation of Mr. Jefferson financially and of the public subscriptions for his benefit; of the visit of Mr. Monroe; of the \"Hardtimes\" that have hit the country; and the 50th anniversary celebration of U.S. Independence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 50th anniversary of independence of the U.S.; of the failures of the business houses of Moncure \u0026amp; Robinson in New York, and Moncure Robinson \u0026amp; Pleasants in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents More details regarding the failure of the Moncure \u0026amp; Robinson business houses in Ricmond and New York; the drunkeness of Frederick Pleasants. An additional note is added by John Robinson, father of Moncure Robinson, urging him to return home as soon as possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social letters in the first two of which there is much religious advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents More regarding the failure of the family business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His trip south, describing the lot of 1,800 gallery slaves of Rochefort chained n their cells, then the beauties of the cities of Bordeaux; he is examining the canals of south France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The failure of the business house of John Robinson and of a loan to that company made by the sister of B.I.G.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents One more winter, then to return home after visits to England and Holland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A debt on the business house of John Robinson which has recently failed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The failure of Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants mercantile house and urging Moncure Robinson to return home as soon as possible.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advises that John Robinson return home as soon as possible, in order to take advantage of the employment opportunities in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Possibility of action by the State Legislature on the James River Canal; enquiry regarding steam navigation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He advises his brother to stay on in Europe, to complete what he had undertaken; Conway Robinson is to undertake a law career and their father will become Clerk of the Superior Court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends that Moncure Robinson stay in Europe until he finishes his course of study.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sends a remittance to Moncure Robinson and is hopeful of future mercantile success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He plans to look beyond Virginia for employment upon his return a year hence; the more he sees of France, the less he likes it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A professorship at the University of Virginia which might be available; the lessening of interest in \"internal improvement\" n the country, so less need for engineers; Virginia politics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Moncure Robinson has heard that the Governor is to appoint Mr. Crozet as chief engineer who \"as a civil engineer is the merest pretender\"; French engineering is far behind that of England and the U.S.; he expects to be free of his dependence upon Virginia when he returns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports that the better grounded he is in the practice of England and the theory of France (in engineering) the more completely will he insure himself of employment in \"some other quarter of our Union\" outside of Virginia; he is still trying to overcome the effects of the fevers he contracted while working on the James River improvement in previous years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Suggests that Moncure Robinson return in the summer because of their father's financial difficulties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Conway Robinson encourages Moncure Robinson to return and make application for a professorship at the University of Virginia; he discusses the political changes that have taken place in Virginia; John Robinson urges Moncure Robinson to apply for the position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Moncure Robinson doubts that he will be offered the position of Professor of Mathematics at Charlottesville (University of Virginia); he plans to leave at the end of the lecture period for another tour of English engineering examples; he tells of the political conflicts of France, of the King and the minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A trip to Vichy over almost impossible roads, with humorous anecdotes of their experiences.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His visit to the port engineering works at Cherbourg; fellow countrymen he has met in Paris; the election of Gen. La Fayette to the Chamber of Deputies by two votes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The members of his family in Philadelphia, whom Moncure Robinson is to meet on his return to the U.S. at the end of the summer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Interest in railways in Maryland, the election of the professor at the University of Virginia, and affairs at home; comment on the new government in Britain.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The appointment of the professor at the University of Virginia; their mother's interest in the Conway family arms and the Conway Castle in Wales; the family troubles which includes the selling of the servants and real property in order to pay off the indebtedness of the failed mercantile enterprise.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Includes an extract from a letter written by James Brown, U.S. Minister in Paris, in which Mr. Moncure Robinson is favorably mentioned. Franked by James Monroe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His inspection of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, England and his visits to iron works at Merthy and Tydril, where the proprietors were quite secretive about their processes; he reports a visit to Newstead Abbey, the former home of Lord Byron, with accounts of the house, the tomb of Byron, and some of his possessions; he is headed for visits to the collieries in Newcastle and Scotland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acknowledging letter in which word regarding Moncure Robinson in Paris is quoted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Personal comments, mentioning relationships with Moncure Robinson; Wilkes, Arnold, and Sanders are mentioned. French and translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Announcing his arrival after a 38 day crossing from England; he plans to look for a position in the Public Works activities in Pennsylvania. Moncure Robinson to his parents; to to John Robinson, Richmond, Virginia. His visit in New York; his plan to meet the leading men in the large cities looking to employment as an engineer; and his plans to visit the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal and the Baltimore Railway line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An offer of employment by the Canal Commissioners of Pennsylvania for \"a series of examinations between the waters of the Delaware and those of the North Branch of the Susquehanna with a view to their connexion by Railroad.\" The pay is to be $5 1/2 per day; this may lead to other employment; the country is rugged and mountainous; he is to bring his own \"levelling instrument.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His recommendation of Moncure Robinson to Mr. McIlvaine, and that the Commissioners had nominated Moncure Robinson for a position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Introducing Henry Chester.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Congratulates Moncure Robinson on his move to \"a commonwealth...whose citizens are full of energy and enterprise...as different alsmot from the Old Dominion as black is from white\"; he gives news of stock sales in a railroad and a manufacturing company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing affection for his parents and his high hopes of advancement in Pennsylvania, despite their suspicion of those from outisde the state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Doubts that a railroad will be built very soon along the route being surveyed by Moncure Robinson; news of the family and of difficult business conditions in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The settling of the mercantile debts of John Robinson, the sale of all property except the town house and \"Poplar Vale,\" and other financial matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notification of deposit of $500 for Moncure Robinson; reports that \"your name and fame are well known to the Governor and Secretary of State.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Offers financial help to his father; plans to return to Philadelphia when weather in the mountains drives him in; inquires of James River Improvement and of possibility of further employment in Pennsylvania. Reports that he has been appointed Engineer of the Allegheny Division of the Pennsylvania Improvements; he is to lay out a railroad right of way between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Total cost estimate $1,068,895.34.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The hospitality shown him in Philadelphia; requests that his \"library of professional books\" be sent to him, since he is now settled in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Writes that nothing will be done by the Virginia Legislature on the subject of internal improvement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sends money for his father and gifts of jewelry to his sisters; regarding the sale of one of the family houses, \"Upton.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A letter of appreciation for \"gems\" given to A.R. and to her sister, Octavia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news and news of his sale of some of his property to meet the continuing debts of his failed mercantile firm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The activities of Moncure Robinson and Conway Robinson to help meet their father's debts. Recent visit of Moncure Robinson to Richmond and visit of Conway Robinson to Williamsburg, where he was much impressed with the hospitality; and a trip with Jane to Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Settling of debts of their father and their brother Cary; the ensuing marriage of Conway Robinson; he plans to lay out the line of the LeHigh Railroad and is willing also to undertake the works on the Chesterfield Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His hope to find a satisfactory route for the railroad through the Allegheny mountains, \"a department of my profession, in which few American Engineers have as yet embarked\"; he hopes to help Cary in New York with capital, as well as helping to pay off his father's debts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs; and reaction to a report that \"the Jackson legislature of Pa. have turned out your Commissioners.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Payment on a note. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs; congratulations on Moncure Robinson's new position.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The location of the \"Allegheny Portage\" is nearly completed; he plans to be in Richmond in October; he has resigned his position with the Pennsylvania Canal Commissioners, but will be willing to return to execute the Allegheny Portage after he has completed the Chesterfield Railway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family matters and the trip of Conway and Anna Jane to \"the top of the Catskills.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A trip made with his brother and sister, Cary and Jane, to Niagara Falls and Saratoga.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Included in the text is a transcript of a letter of instructions received by Moncure Robinson from Josiah White, Acting Manager of LeHigh Co. Proposals are made for the railway line to transport coal from a mine near Mauch Chunk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents \"Examinations\" which have been suggested, with a statement of his charge for such servies of $10 per day and expenses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social chit-chat, an exercise in French letter-writing. In French with translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Regret that he cannot accept an invitation to visit in Richmond; news about their mutual friend, Seybert.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enquiry regarding the pay demanded by Moncure Robinson as Engineer for a proposed railroad from coal mines to the Schuylkill River for the Schuylkill Navigation Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An enterprise for which T.B. is to advance the cash required on which he wants advice \"from a person in whom I place the utmost reliance.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by R. Shunke, Secy. Resolution to allow Moncure Robinson $2,250 per Annum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The iron rails and spikes used on the Chesterfield R. R.,  the former being ordered from Liverpool; and a discussion of the route of the Mount Carbon R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Affairs in Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enquiring regarding the terms of Moncure Robinson for the laying out and superintending the building of 17 miles of railroad, double track, on the Little Schuylkill. Further regarding the contemplated railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acknowledging receipt of a loan, and other financial matters; report of a visit to Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing hope that Moncure Robinson will return to Pennsylvania to pursue his engineering activities in that state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Defeat of railway appropriations in the Pennsylvania Legislation; Moncure Robinson was been appointed first Engineer of the Canal Commissioners and John Robinson hopes that he will accept.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An offer of the position of Engineer to lay out a route for the railroad through the Allegheny Mountains, at the rate of $2,500 per annum.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents \"Report of the Engineer on the Survey of a Route of the Contemplated Rail-road from Petersburg to the Roanoke.\" Endorsed to Moncure Robinson, Esq., Hamburg, Berks Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He returns a check given by Moncure Robinson to pay for a carriage given by W.M. to his sister, the mother of Conway Robinson and Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Having paid off all debts from the mercantile failures of his father and brother Cary, and having assisted Cary to start again in business in New York, he now wishes to hire an assistant for his father from his new salary of $4,000 per annum from the Chesterfield Railway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends that a son of a friend be sent to \"West Point of some other first rate scientific institution;\" he is willing to take charge of the building of the Petersburg railway in Virginia, while still keeping his positions in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His duties with the State of Pennsylvania and the Schuylkill R.R. and his elegant accomodations in a building built for him at Port Clinton by the R.R., with a servant, eight assistants, etc.; he encloses a check. His work with the Manchester and the Petersburg railroads, and with the Chesterfield R.R. as well as his duties in the Alleghenies as State Engineer; espresses interest in Eustace at West Point and offers to send Alfred to Yale, in both of which institutions he has friends on the faculty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An absurd plan of a certain colonel in a civil engineering project; and of the progress of Eustace, brother of Moncure Robinson, at the academy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He reminds his brother that he, Conway Robinson, is now in debt to his brothers to the amount of $17,000 and refuses any further advance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asking for advice of Moncure Robinson, the consulting engineer, for the portage railroad over the Allegheny Mountains.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His dispute with Col. Lay which very nearly ended in a duel. A planned visit to Richmond. Upon his return from the Richmond visit, he works on the location of the route of the Danville and Pottsville Railroad and the Little Schuylkill Rail Road.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news, with reports of Eustace at West Point, Edwin, Cary, and Conway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A trip planned to the North by his brother, Conway, and sister, Jane.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The visit of his brother, Conway, and his sisters on thier journey North; his plans to send his brother, Alfred, to the College of William and Mary in the Fall; encloses a check for his father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An ailment of Mr. Campbell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expresses regret that he cannot attend the opening of the Little Schuylkill R.R., \"built under the direction of the first Master in the United States.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Included is a copy of a letter from their brother, Cary, in New York, and the answer of Conway R. regarding the debts of Cary and need for more money for his mercantile enterprises in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Financial problems of Cary in New York and the school problems of Eustace at West Point Military Academy. The \"heavy blow\" that has fallen on the family, new notes written by Cary against his brother's account, and the troubles of Eustace; the interest of Moncure Robinson in a position on the New River R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His debts (letter copied off by Conway R. in his letter to Moncure R.). Cary Robinson to Conway Robinson. His deteriorating financial situation. Eustace, who is one of the 25 remaining of a class of 120 who entered West Point two years before, and Alfred at William \u0026amp; Mary.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A strong letter written to Eustace, who must graduate from West Point if he wants a career as a Civil Engineer; and regarding the Danville \u0026amp; Pottsville Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His pleasant life at William \u0026amp; Mary; his studies there; of students expelled; of a duel; and of the carrying of a horse to the second floor of the building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Listing the items of the family debt to $17,000 incurred by their brother Cary and plans for the joint repayment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The letter of Edwin and debts of Cary; news of the New River Railroad and of the James River Bill passed by the Virginia Legislature; news of brothers Alfred and Eustace.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting some money with which to buy cakes and pies for snacks at school.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The troubles of their brother, Cary, of the Lynchburg and New River Railroad and the improvement of the James and Kanawha Rivers; of Saunders and John Page in politics; and of the public examination at the college.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His plans to go to Sulphur Springs for his health, then on a trip with their sister, Jane; recommending the purchase of stock in the James River Scheme; of their sister, Octavia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports of the college course; comment of the Cholera outbreak in Montreal, a threat to Northern cities in the U.S. * For a letter by Moncure Robinson of 7 October 1832, see addition to collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Request for $500 for a trip to New Orleands made to brother Edwin, from which he has had no reply. His planned trip to New Orleads and need for funds to pay his debts in New York before he will be allowed to leave the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asking forgiveness if he has given offense; more regarding his planned trip to New Orleans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Answers an enquiry regarding Charles A. Jacobs; tells of the French-speaking Creole society of the city, of the many deaths from fever and cholera, the theatres, duels, and the bi-lingual state legislature; reports his own lack of success in business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His interest in Miss Charlotte Taylor; and of the prospects for the career of their cousin, Wirt, who is with Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The cholera epidemic in the city; and of his buying tobacco in the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents C.E., Jr. asks Moncure Robinson for a job, to no effect. (See letters of 25 - 30 September 1836, which very nearly led to a duel between C.E., Jr. and Moncure Robinson).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news, concerning the mother and the other brothers and sisters: Alfred, Edwin, Octavia, Conway, Margaret, Cornelia, Moore, Anna Jane, and Cary, and of their country house, \"Poplar Vale\".\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The ill health of Moncure Robinson; plans to take his father, John Robinson, on a extended tour of Pennsylvania and New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends travel \"to expand the mind and to elevate it above prejudice.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The health of Moncure Robinson, about which Conway Robinson is concerned; report that one fourth of the population of New Orleans has died to yellow fever and cholera; his business prospects in New Orleans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by L.M. Bent, Clerk. Refusal of the Directors to accept the resignation of Moncure Robinson as Chief Engineer of the Rail Road Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Horses and carriage.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Request of the Board of Directors of the WInchester and Potomac R.R. for Moncure Robinson to continue his services as Chief Engineer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His ill health, blisters to relieve his cough; and of a trip to Boston, financed by Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of property in Virginia for a railroad; draft of letter to Thomas Green on the subject; suggestion that Alfred and Eustace be sent on a tour of Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notifying Moncure Robinson of his election as principal engineer for the Lancaster and Portsmouth Rail Road.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Plans to send Alfred to St. Augustine, Florida, for the winter, accompanied by their mother; prospect of marriage by Moncure Robinson * For letter by Moncure Robinson of 3 February 1835, see addition to collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A leave of absence for the brother of Moncure Robinson, Eustace Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Visit of brother Edwin; brother Eustace in the army, stationed at N.O.; the marriage of Moncure Robinson and the death of their brother Alfred, in St. Augustine, Florida.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News of the suicide of Mr. Brown in Philadelphia; personal news and family news of Octavia, sister of Moncure Robinson, and Wirt Robinson, cousin of Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The sickness of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A request that Moncure Robinson visit the N.Y. and Erie R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Personal news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Announces the birth of his son, John Moncure.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents $120,000 to be paid by the P.W. R.R. Moncure Robinson to Conway Robinson. Requests for the services of Moncure Robinson by the City Point \u0026amp; Petersburg Railroad, the Blacksford \u0026amp; Fredericksburg Line, and the Winchester \u0026amp; Staunton route; and of their \"speculations.\" Purchase of stock in the Fredericksburg R.R. in the Swan Tavern Speculation, and in the Bermuda Hundred purchase.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acknowledgement of the receipt of a book sent by Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A railroad to be built along the James River, and one from Richmond to Petersburg, as being before the Virginia Legislature, as well as other railroads in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acceptance by directors of the Gaston \u0026amp; Raleigh Rail Road of proposition by Moncure Robinson for a salary of $3000.00 per annum as Consulting Engineer for the line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The buying and selling of stocks in railroads and of other investments; the organizational meeting of the Petersburg and Richmond Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The scarcity of money and the favorable situation for \"our object of securing a majority of the stock (of the Petersburg R.R.) in the hands of our friends.\" Dishes sent to his sister; and some comments about the control of a \"Board\" (probably of a railway). Illness of \"our little Charley\" and his plans to come to Richmond for a railroad meeting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The purchase of the \"Bermuda Hundred\" and surrounding lands.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Congratulates his brother on his engagement to Miss Leigh; plans for nuptials of Conway, Edwin and Jane.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His disappointments in publishing and in receiving his pay check from a New York newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Moves of Moncure Robinson to get a mail contract, now being held by a steamboat line; comments on details of railway cars.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for the financial help from Moncure Robinson; reactions to France, \"the French...are a despicable race...But a French woman is a delightful creature.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; comment on \"the baby.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice upon starting at Peugnet's School in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The affair between Moncure Robinson and Mr. Ellet, which threatened to come to a head in a duel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The school of Moore Robinson in New York and social matters in Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Challenges and acceptances exchanged between Moncure Robinson and C. Ellett and P.S.G. Cocke for duels which were amicably settled by their friends. (See two letters of June-July 1833, in which C. Ellett applied to Moncure Robinson for a job, which was not forthcoming.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Report of the dismissal of Charles Ellett, Jr. from the New York and Erie Railroad Company in July 1835, and the reasons for it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; Moncure Robinson is to sail for Europe; sister Anna Jane is married.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Congratulations on the amicable settlement of the threatened duel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news, including \"Your cousin John R. is gone to William \u0026amp; Mary College, which has opened this season with much finer prospects than usual.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The six months that Moncure Robinson is to be away; news of business uncertainty in the country; family and social news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble on the Winchester Railroad; the war with the Indians; and Bonaparte's war in Europe; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Poblems with the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Petersburg Railroad, a day and a half late on the run from Fredericksburg to Richmond and other similar lost schedules, need for more engines, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Written the day after her Ball; she gives a list of the chief guests.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Lists the many complaints regarding \"our Rail Road concern\" made by passengers from the South; engines out of order, no wood or water for engines, road badly built, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents includes letter from Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson Family news; congratulations on the success of Moncure Robinson in England in \"obtaining a million\" there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Disturbed by reports sent by Conway Robinson of the Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road; he reports that new engines are being made and sent from England; need for a \"locomotive engine manufactory\" in Richmond; attempt to enlist engineers and mechanics in England for the Richmond road; other railway matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A recent severe illness; Conway Robinson talks of giving up the presidency of the railroad, due to the trouble he has had; and of a dress and bonnet from Paris. Charlotte Robinson to Moncure Robinson, London. The baby and the expected return of Moncure Robinson in March. Has received no letter since December 25; news of Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The effect of the cold Northern climate on Moncure Robinson at his school in New York; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice to the brother in school; plans to leave there at the end of April, arriving in the U.S. in June.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports that Moncure R. has arrived in England after a 16 day passage; news of other members of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Includes a letter from his sister, Margaret Robinson. Included is a poem from A.C.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her plans to give a ball; and her pride in his success in London (in raising money for railroads).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The recent ball given by Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson; congratulations on the success of his mission to England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosing a check for pocket money; news of the scattered family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice regarding the hardships necessarily experienced at school; he is employed now on the Lake Michigan and Illinois Canal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressed delight at the success of Moncure Robinson in raising investment capital in England; notes that a new engine has been received by the R.R.; his purchase of the R.R. stock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A request for the advice regardnig methods, costs, etc., for \"They are aware that the extension of the Railway System has been carried further in the United States than in any other country.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The arrival of Mr. Robinson; scheduling of a meeting and a dinner with a few railroad engineers to meet Mr. R. In French\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends that he vote for Mr. Sheppard as President of the Railroad, rather than Hopkins; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to sell stock in England, on which is he allowed 2 1/2 percent commission. 2 copies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble with Negroes on the plantation and the problem raised by the idea that they have, \"that Miss Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) says they are not to be whipped.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Included is a note from their father, John Robinson. Little sister Fan; visit of Moncure R. to New York; other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Farm affairs and especially the oversight of the Negroes there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Plans to send his brother to William and Mary in the fall term, where he can get all the necessary courses in two years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting the signature of Moncure Robinson on several notes for $5,000 each, as part of a liquidation of his business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A communication for Pres. Dew enclosing a resolution of the Board of Visitors of the College \"for preventing the students from purchasing articles on credit\" in Williamsburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her return to Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting more financial support for his business houses in Richmond and Baltimore; reports the marriage of their sister, Octavia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The sending of half a barrel of apples via an oysterman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The sale of some woodlands adjoining the plantation; and other business matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to contract for a loan for the R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad and other business. Conway Robinson to Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia. Affairs of the Richmond and Petersburg R. R. and of state assistance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News of the \"family circle.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice given by Moncure Robinson and W.R. regarding the continuation of the railroad lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Farm business, profits from crops, and drafts for payments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news with a postscript by \"your cousin, Virginia...Miss B.T.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Business of the railroad, including an accident involving Mr. Brown on H. Street, Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice, socially and financially; mention of Prof. Saunders and Prof. Millington of the faculty of W \u0026amp; M. Plans for Moore to leave the College at the end of the current session to start work; a recent assault on Moncure by Waller; advice regarding the circumstances in which a gentleman must offer a challenge and disqualification for state office of anyone involved in a duel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Financial matters and the current depression in prices for farm products.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Destruction in the Harvard Chapel and bank scandals in Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social and family affairs; Moncure is with them in Richmond for a short visit.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Disappointment expressed by the acquittal of Waller, who had attacked Moncure Robinson in Richmond; railroad business and need of more engines from England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Announcing the birth of a second son, at which their mother had been present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Waller case; railroad business and need for more engines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Edmund Randolph Robinson, new son of Moncure Robinson; other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Connections of the railroad with the steamboats; influence to be exerted on the new railroad lines in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Through tickets to Baltimore and New York, via the Richmond \u0026amp; Petersburg R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for advice given by Moncure Robinson regarding railroad construction and the use of engines in America; acknowledgment of his offer to assist th enew company in any way, even by a trip to the continent if required.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Need for new rails; negotiations for notes on through tickets from New Orleans to New York. Enclosure: telegram from S.L. Fremont, Wilmington, NC, to Moncure Robinson regarding through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Letter received from \"a small stockholder\"; suggests newspaper articles on the Richmond \u0026amp; Petersburg R.R. and the Raleigh \u0026amp; Eastern R.R. which \"would aid materially the sale of our bonds in England.\" Enclosure: \"A small stockholder,\" Richmond, to Elihu Chauncey, Philadelphia (1838 April 24). Complaint about the management of stock in the hands of Moncure Robinson; and the high salaries paid to the President and his assistants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents William A. Bradley as author of anonymous letter; newspaper article; railroad bonds. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Buying of stock in the Winchester \u0026amp; Potomac R.R.; receipts of $10,000 in June on R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; competing activity of the Louisa Line. Copy of letter from Jos. M. Sheppard regarding coal company which Moncure Robinson is forming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Manipulation of railways on the route to Washington and New York; selling to tickets in N. Y. . Enclosure: article \"Is Virginia a Repudiating State,\" written by Moncure Robinson for insertion by E.R. in the Virginia Papers. The guarantee by the State that the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R. would have no competitors on the Richmond-Washington route.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A meeting to be held in Baltimore; Moore R. is leaving the springs. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Conway Robinson, Halifax Ct. House, Va. The resignation of Conway Robinson as (President of the R.R.) and of his successor, Marx or Hopkins, and of the way that the election should be controlled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Through tickets and competition of Jackson in New York, where a \"battle of handbills\" is being waged; purchase of the Potomac Steamship Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Instructs him to take an extended journey by horseback, to visit relatives and improve his health; his brothers will decide later whether Moore is to study medicine.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs; investment of Moncure Robinson in the Reading Railroad; Charlotte Robinson has again forbidden the overseer, Jenkins, to whip any of the Negroes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Land in Illinois held under a soldier's right which would bring a profit of $5,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of steamboat companies; competition with the Gordonsville R.R.; buying into the Baltimore \u0026amp; Potomac R.R.; letters ot the papers on R.R. problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations for through tickets; plans to go to court on the matter of Virginia's original charter to the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; great grief at the death of wife of Edwin Robinson; offer to take the two daughters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of Turnpike stock; through tickets on Railroadand other Railroad business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Decision by his brother that Moore is to study medicine and his objection to it; other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase from the Biddles, and other investments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social letter mentioning Latrade, Strickland, and Mrs. Taylor, mother-in-law of Moncure Robinson; the policies of Van Buren; the reception of Lord Durham in N. Y. . In French. Mentions Guy Lussac; John, son of Moncure Robinson; and Moore, brother of Moncure Robinson; discusses political situation in N. Y. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Publication of a pamphlet in R.R. competition; problems with Peter Daniel of Richmond \u0026amp; Petersburg R.R., Sanford, and Felton; R.R. conferences at Chatanooga; control of stock of the Seaboard \u0026amp; Roanoke R.R.; problems of through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The election of Dr. Sheppard as President of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; Moncure Robinson to be chief engineer of the Brunswick \u0026amp; Florida R.R. in Georgia; purchase of property in Richmond; building of the Southwestern R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His plan to study medicine; other family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting Moncure Robinson to make a statement to support the claims of the children of Robert Fulton, then pending before Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations with Daniel, Joynes, Jackson, and Fremont on through tickets; purchase of bridge and turnpike in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Through tickets; Felton of the Baltimore and Ohio R.R.; article by Daniel. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News concerning the wife of Moncure Robinson, his two children, John Moncure nd Edmund, his brother, Moore, and a nephew of Susan B. Taylor; Peter Daniel; newspaper article quoted which derided the James River Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sent with a watch; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Pamphlet and newspaper articles; opinions of Daniel, Felton, Sanford, and Tyler in through ticket negotiations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Receipts of the Potomac Steamship Co., negotiations with the Board of Public works; baggage checked through.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad business which is not clear from this one letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The death of a grandson, and other family affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Can hardly leave the city to visit home for fear of being arrested by some of his creditors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Cost of through tickets; New York ticket office; purchase of rails for the R.R.; dividend return of 3 1/2 percent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Plans made by him and Conway Robinson \"not to breathe this to anyone\"; expenditures made to kept the equipment up to the increasing business. (Sheppard was President of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Rails for the road; other railroad business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A position under Moncure Robinson for Eston, son of Randolph Harrison.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Proposal to accompany the father of Moncure Robinson on a visit to Philadelphia; other social news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Possibility of selling \"Elmington\" and \"Ballston\" plantations; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Results of the Railroad Convention at Washington; negotiations for mail contracts; competition of steamboats from Baltimore to Richmond; through ticket negotiations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social news from Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reporting the exchange of bonds payable in London for domestic seven percent bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mention of Mrs. Edwin Robinson (second wife), and other social news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Things have not gone well with him and he is unable to make the payment on his debt to Moncure Robinson that Moncure Robinson has requested; the opportunity for their brother, Moore, to practice medicine in New Orleans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Report on the completion of the rail road route between Brunswick and Chatahoochie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News that the Philadelphia banks \"are suspending specie payments.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; brother Eustace has returned home from the West and recommends that Moore practice medicine in the West.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents \"You and the officers of the Railroad company must manage the affairs. I must stick to the law. . .gradually diminish my debts\"; lot in Richmond purchased with a loan from Moncure Robinson Enclosed a form of receipt to be signed by Moncure Robinson (not signed).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The purchaser of \"Poplar Vale,\" the Robinson country house, agrees to execute notes to Moncure Robinson who is anxious to raise some money; \"the banks are doing very little.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing hope that Eustace has left Richmond for Washington in order to speed his recovery.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The possible sale of \"Elmington.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Stockholder's meeting of the railroad; need to borrow $25,000 to pay the running expenses of the road; suggestion that he, Conway Robinson, resign from the Board of Directors and that Moncure Robinson become the President of both Richmond \u0026amp; Petersburg and Richmond \u0026amp; Fredericksburg R.R. Co's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) and \"her sweet children.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The collection of notes due Moncure Robinson\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The Winchester \u0026amp; Potomac R.R. Co. and an application to Congress for an increase in mail pay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her children, Agnes and Philip and her nephew, Conway; other family news. Octave (Octavia Robinson Haxall), Richmond, to Moore Robinson, Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Difficulties in getting a translation of Chevalier's work published in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Offer to accept the situation proposed by Moncure Robinson; has letters of recommendation to show to Mr. Byrd, President of the Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Bills before the state legislature concerning the extension of railroads in Pennsylvania.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His application to Mr. Bird, President of the Petersburg \u0026amp; Roanoke Railroad Co., for a position as his assistant. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Henry D. Bird, President Petersburg R.R. Co., Petersburg, Va. Enclosed in letter to Eustace Robinson with a recommendation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The railroad bill which is before the state legislature; the visit of Mr. Clay to Richmond; letter of resignation to be presented by Joseph M. Sheppard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notifying him of his election of the Richmond, Fredericksburg \u0026amp; Potomac Railroad Co., resignation of Conway Robinson and appointment of Joseph M. Sheppard in his place. Included on same sheet: notification of the election of Moncure Robinson to be President of the Railroad; signed by Hilary Baker, Clerk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A bill before the State Legislature for the building of a railroad from Pottsville to Tuscarora, with an amendment by Andrew B. White that the Philadelphia \u0026amp; Reading R.R. Co. be authorized to build the same.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Returning an offensive letter, Eustace Robinson asks \" the termination of all intercourse hereafter.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for hospitality during his sojourn in America. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting information on some problems connected with a railroad from Halle to Cologne, noting that Mocure Robinson \"would not be unwilling to undertake the construction of the railroad.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble with Dr. Cocke and notices from the Farmers and Merchants Bank of notes of Moncure Robinson coming due.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social letter, mentioning Guy Lussac, Malexieux, Latrade, Colonel Melnikoff. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Further questions from the Postmaster General in Berlin concerning American railroads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Brief note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Documents from France that M. Chevalier has asked him to deliver to Moncure Robinson. In French.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The health of Moore and a visit to \"Elmington.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) is to spend the winter with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Instructions to Moore Concerning his movements with a check for $20.00.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Place of Moore Robinson in the hospital; wagers on the Presidential election; Whig Rally on Bunker Hill with Webster speaking; the Phi Beta Kappa dinner at Harvard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The recovery of Moore Robinson from an eye injury.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The accident, injuring the eye of Moore Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sympathy for the loss of an eye in an accident.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reporting that news has just reached Richmond of the death of the President; and family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News of small pox in Philadelphia; family news. Her reading while ill; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news; greetings to his two grandsons, children of Moore Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expresses concern for the health of his brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents More hopeful about his health; interested in the possibility of an appointment to the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family affairs; with a letter of 1 March 1841.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice on way to achieve an appointment at the hospital.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The failure of the Girard Bank in Philadelphia; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appointing them commissioners to determine the advisability of expanding the Brooklyn Navy Yard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The letter is sent by Moncure Robinson, as Moore is sailing for Europe; news about the family at \"Poplar Vale\" and elsewhere.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports of a trip through Europe.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends Moncure Robinson as a consulting engineer for railroad construction in the Austrian Empire. In French, with translation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Leaving \"Dogwood\" House to his son, Eustace, who is occupying same, \"Poplar Vales\" to his son-in-law, John N. Shields, the remainder of the estate to be administered by his sons, Moncure and Conway for the benefit of all the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing opposition to the purchase of a house in Philadelphia, which she considers a \"comfortless, gloomy place.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Desire of Moncure Robinson for Mrs. S.B. Taylor to be with them.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her respect for her father; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Their long friendship.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The slow recovery of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson, from a severe illness.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Asking the opinion of Moncure Robinson on \"the proposed Rail Road from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, as a means of connecting Philadelphia with the Valley of the Mississippi.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The illness of her mother and herself, and her children who are being cared for by Cornelia Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble with Bird about through tickets and Fontaine on Louisa Railroads connections; Moncure Robinson will agree only to rent telegraph wires erected by the R.R., or work them in shares with Mr. Kendall's company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Urges Edwin Robinson to influence the Governor, Board of Public Works, and legislators against supporting the telegraph lines of Kendall; opposing influence of Bird in Petersburg; against election of Wickham to the Railroad Board of Directors; proxies for stockholders meeting; 3 1/2 percent dividend; Mr. Sharp supervising Railroad rolling stock; all negotiations fro through ticket notes to be handled by Moncure Robinson; article by Moncure Robinson on telegraph in Railroad Journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mount Vernon Line and the River and Bay Line Steamboat Companies, as opposed to the Piney Point Line of Moncure Robinson, opposing election of Wickham to Railroad Directors, enclosing letter \"to the editors of The Whig\" opposing a steamboat race.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations for mail control renewals, with refusal to take Virginia local mail unless through mail also on their railroad; machinations of Kendall; through ticket negotiations; relations with soon to be opened Louisa Line, the Portsmouth Road and Bird; instructs Edwin Robinson to charge double for corpses and encloses the copy for an advertisement of the Railroad; \"am so anxious for the success of your administration that I suggest ... everything that comes in my mind.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Opposing Bird; reducing the fare on the Piney Point line to meet the fare on the Bay Line; Railroad financing negotiations with Fontaine and \"Old Cove.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail controls, with threat that the \"mail would be thrown off the road,\" rates for through tickets; purchase of a steamboat; affairs of the Daville Railroad. Gen. MacRae and through tickets; mail contract; purchase of a steamboat.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Plans for a visit to Richmond to see the Governor and Henshaw; articles to be inserted in the Richmond papers; the health of Charlotte, his wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contracts and problems with the papers of Richmond and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePennsylvanian\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLedge\u003c/emph\u003er in Philadelphia; the ill health of his sons, John and Edmund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Included a resolution to be presented to the Senate. Competition with stages and steamboats in conveying the mail \"we have only to be firm...and the mail must come to us,\" the opposition of \"Old Cove, Mayo Co.,\" plans to prepare a bill to be presented by Goggin. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Financial matters; family affairs, providing money for the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The death of a child and the expected birth of another.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The birth of a fourth son Moncure Robinson and \"recent affliction\" (death of a daughter); affairs of the steamboat company; through ticket notes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Stockholders; the bill before Congress; and family affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Payment on bonds. J.C.R. Taylor, Jefferson County, Charlestown, W. Va., to Moncure Robinson. More payments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of Bay Stock; opposition to Bird; visit of his son Edmund to the grandparent in Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A visit from Edmund, son of Moncure Robinson; family news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad business and details of running the road.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Arrangements for through tickets between New York or Philadelphia and Charleston, S. C.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Complaining about troubles in remodelling an old house that they have bought. Written while on a visit to her brother's house. Jane Randolph, a cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A servant, Joshua, who is working to buy his freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A letter to Governor Smith; difficulties with Bird; affairs before the Virginia Legislature that Moncure Robinson is attempting to influence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Illness of their mother, Mrs. Agnes Robinson, with contents of her will copied in the letters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Improved health of Mrs. Agnes Robinson, matters of Moncure Robinson; affairs of Public Works; \"Bird...is plainly convicted, not only of duplicity, but of actual falsehood.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Her youngest son, Conway; social news.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An interview with the new Post Master General. Mail pay to the railroad line; the steamboat lines are able to pay a 14 percent dividend; Affairs of the stockholders, advice that Edwin close out his mercantile house and devote full time to position of President of the Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The railroad rates for freight and passengers; mail contracts; railroad finances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The support of a program of plank road building in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Repairs to a ship, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eGeorgia\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIssuing of additional stock; stock manipulation on appeal of legal case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad stock prices and sales.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Family news. Their sons, John and Eddy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Activity to influence the Virginia State Legislature; defeat of Fontaine in action taken there; enclosing copy of a bill to be presented to the legislature.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A ticket exchange. Forwarded to Edwin Robinson with instructions to sell some of the stock of Moncure Robinson \"who has little else\" in the way of railroadstock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A portrait of Moncure Robinson by Sully and one of his wife; draft of an article written against a bill to make a loan to the Louisa Co.; a bill incorporating the Chesapeake Steamship Co.; settlement of an insurance claim; stock sales by Prof. Tucker; special trains, return tickets, steamboat schedules; introducing Mr. Mariani, an Italian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Quotation of stock prices in the papers in competition with the Louisa Line; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for not agreeing with Moncure Robinson on stock manipulation; railroad expenses and need for economy; expressing concern for the health of their father.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of rails in England for extending the railroad from Richmond to the junction; increase in price of the railroad stock and attempt to keep down price of Fontaine's stock; competition of steamship line of Moncure Robinson with the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchases of iron for rails and other railroad business; instructions to Worthington, agent for steamboat freight; stock owned by Moncure Robinson under other names; the health of his wife, Charlotte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Attempts to bring down the price of Fontaine's stocks; regrets at the dismissal of an employer by Edwin Robinson; threatened resignation of Captain McCausland of the Piney Point Line; opposition to \"the Alexandria Bill\" in Washginton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An attempt to hold up the extension of the Louisa Road until after Supreme Court decision, and \"to keep it in a crippled condition\"; the railroad stock of Moncure Robinson increasing in value; an article recommending a plank road from Richmond to Staunton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acknowledgement of donations of two volumes to the library by Conway Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sale of R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock by Chauncey at 98; hope to retard extension of Louisa Line at meeting of their stockholders; collecting proxies for Richmond and Petersburg R.R. meeting; competing with Rives, Bolling and Bird.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Return of Charlotte from a trip to Richmond; move to influence the North Carolina Legislature for a railroad to connect with Danville, Va.; the best route from Richmond to the Ohio; the plank road to Charlottesville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Pressure of Louisa Line, includes a memorial to the Legislature to be signed by \"residents of Charlottesville etc.\"; sends Edwin Robinson explicit instructions. His reply to Rives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. on through tickets to N. Y. ; claims of the Louisa Co. (Central R.R.) and suit against the insurance company; draft of a bill for the Virginia Legislature; newspaper reports to hurt value of Central R.R. stocks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Letter received from Dr. Collins, which he encloses. William Collins, Portsmouth, to Charles W. Falls. The building of a railroad line from the Carolina border; and some problems with W. Rives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Requesting her brother to come to act in her father's place to \"give her away\" in marriage. Cornelia Robinson to Moncure Robinson. The marriage to Mr. Cunningham; and the checks sent by Moncure Robinson, one of which is returned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Battle with Fontaine of the Louisa R.R., hoping to bring it to bankruptcy, but fear that it will win in the Virginia Legislature; court troubles; negotiations with Parker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An invitation to a Wistar party.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Stockholders meeting held at Norfolk; issuing of bonds; building of two new boats.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommending economics in running the R.R.; opposition to Bird and Fontaine, \"no prospect of rest from Fontaine until U. S. ? road gets into a delapidated condition\"; schedules for connecting trains in Washington, D.C.; introducing Julius Contin, a representative of the French Government who is making a study of railroads in America.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Prices for tickets over the R.R. of Moncure Robinson; printed page of \"A Catalogue of Routes, Places, Time and Rates of Fares from Boston.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Traveling with his mother (father has died), and death of daughter of his brother, Conway; negotiating mail contracts with Post Master General Dundas; Piney Point Line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A defense of his regimes as President of the railroad; and complaint of the manner and attitude of Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations with Fontaine of Central R.R., Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O., and the Alexandria and Fredericksburg R.R. and Gordonsville Road; selling of R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock and purchase of N.Y. \u0026amp; Erie R.R. stock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An inquiry concerning John Moncure; including a power of attorney; hoping for a visit from his sister Charlotte and the rest of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents John, son of Moncure Robinson, advising that he be allowed to pursue a scientific direction rather than a classical one in his studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Success of an application by his son John to VMI and the distress caused by this to his wife Charlotte; settlement with Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. on through tickets; mail contracts still pending.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sent with a printed pamphlet autobiography. Draft of a reply of Moncure Robinson to Pierce Butler. Sympathetic with his problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Payment on a note from Moncure Robinson; family affairs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social news; report of tight money in Boston, \"the cause is no doubt this wicked tariff.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He has taken John, son of Moncure Robinson, to the Va. Military Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Finances of the railroad line and purchase of more rails; attempts to undermine newspaper support of Central railroad line west of Richmond; shipment of claret wine for friends and for use on Washington and Fredericksburg steamboat line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Need for the purchases of more rails, \"the old portion of our road is breaking up rapidly.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notice to yield possession of a house he is renting from Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad. Details of tickets, routes, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to write to Gen. MacRae concerning through baggage; the business of the Bay Line negotiations with Parker Falls and Dundas; trip with his wife, Charlotte, to visit their son, John, at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Best route to Lexington via train or other conveyance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sent to Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Cordial social letter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A meeting of the railroad presidents called by the Post Master General; transport of passengers and baggage in Washington, D.C.; schedules to the south; need for an ice boat; Fontaine seeking a loan of $200,000 for his R.R., \"we ought to put some blocks in the way of it.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Through tickets, ice boat, profits of the Piney Point Line, buying railroad stock; negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. and Fontaine of the Central R.R. (Louisa Line).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contracts, through tickets; transfer of passengers in Washington; Capt. Macausland of the Steamboat Line and Gen. MacRae of a competing R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad financing and the Piney Point Line with newspaper advertisement enclosed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The Petersburg and Richmond railroad bill before the Virginia legislature; expenses of the railroad cutting profits; trouble with Geo. Mattingly.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble made by Falls; attempt to rouse the Petersburg people against him; manipulation of stocks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. for through tickets; the Ice Boat Bill; the Louisa Case before the courts; Fontaine, Bird, and MacRae. Family affairs--death of their sister, Cornelia; a box of clothes sent to John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Employees of the steamboat line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed; trouble with Falls of the Bay Line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Visit with John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI; defeat of Ice Boat Bill; bills before legislature of N. Carolina and S. Carolina; trouble with Falls about through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Steamboat schedules from Richmond; attempt to buy Seaboard of Roanoke stock at a depressed price; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for changing railroad schedules; a resolution to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; Edwin Robinson is running for the Virginia State.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Signed by J.H. Smith, Superintendant.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for \"kind favors\"; but still thinks that he is entitled to redress in the suit against the railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Urging passing of a resolution which will corner Alexandria trader for the Piney Point Line; enclosing copy from William Parker, stating that B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. will return to old arrangement on through tickets; the R.F. \u0026amp; P. stockholders to control Falls; through tickets from the south and connections at Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contracts; government ice boat on the Potomac; negotiations with MacRae, Falls, and the Lynchburg \u0026amp; Tenn. R.R.; problems with employees Sharp and Macausland opposing increase in salaries with enclosed letter from L.H. Minor supporting increase in salaries; urges work to pass Richmond and Petersburg R.R. line with draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to send.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents E. Caylus has suggested to Ch. Sedgewick that Moncure Robinson be asked to be director of the \"Universal Exposition\" planned for New York, and has been empowered to ask confidentially whether he will accept the position. Endorsement refers to it as \"International Mining Engineers Exposition.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Request for a meeting to iron out problems.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Regrets that Moncure Robinson is not interested in the position of Director of the New York Exposition. He is embarking on a wine importing business for which he seeks some capital from Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Instructions to Capt. Macausland of the steamboat and steamboat expenses; passage of Ice Boat Bill in the Senate; schedule changes by Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The demerits received by his son, John.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The Directors for the new Richmond and Petersburg R.R.; bills before the Virginia Legislature; opposition of Rives.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Examination of his John, before the Board of Visitors, and the risks of his dismissal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reduced fares on through tickets; the organization of the Potomac and Bay Steamship Company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Regrets at not being able to attend a \"symposium.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Introducing Samuel Keifer, Chief Engineer of the Board of Public Works in Canada.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing his willingness to accept a position on the condition that \"its duties will be discharged by me independently, according to my conscientious convictions.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble with Parker on  arrangments for through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Which are to be continued despite Parker; a recent railroad accident; problems of employees Macausland and Sharp; details of steamboat line management.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Salary of Moncure Robinson as Pres. of the W. \u0026amp; F. Steamboat Col; details of management; seeking control of the Bay and Seaboard Route and the Seaboard and Roanoke Line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosed with an article that he sends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A planned visit of her son Edmund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Secret purchases of stock to gain control of Bay Line and \"S. \u0026amp; R.\"; reprimands Edwin Robinson on his negotiations for through tickets; trouble with Parker; mention on Peter Daniel, new president of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His visit to England and on friends of Moncure Robinson; visit to Eton College with description of the whipping stool; description of Hampton Court. Notes the election of Peter Daniel as president of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of stock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Richmond \u0026amp; Petersburg R.R. in relation to the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; more trouble with Falls in connection with Seaboard and Bay stock; stock purchases by Prof. Tucker and Mr. Haxall; mail contracts; telegraph line; through tickets; John at Cambridge (Harvard University).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Problems with Falls and Parker; baggage handling; Rogers and a new telegraph line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The cornering of stocks; problems with McHaffey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Printing of hand bills and advertisements.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Payment on a note to Moncure Robinson and plans to move.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Financial reports; passenger complaints on fares charged on the boats; mail connections; \"contemptible course of Falls in his effort to monopolize through travel.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents News that Conway Robinson sailed from Europe--expected in New York on October 11; news of other members of the Robinson family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of stocks and real estate; reports that travel has never been so good on the line as it has been this season.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of stock; note owned by Caylus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Loss (death of a child ?) sustained by Moncure Robinson and his wife Charlotte; accounts and schedules of the R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Accounts; a mail bill before Congress which would reduce payments to the railroads.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Schedules of steamboats; Capt. Macausland and Worthington; extension of Balto. \u0026amp; Wash. R.R. to the river; through tickets; stock sale; Daniel, Pres. of R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mr. Daniel and negotiations with Mr. Falls.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Connecting trains and boats with enclosure from H.D. Bird and telegram from J.F. Simmons, Welden, to H.D. Bird; advice to Edwin Robinson on running the schedules; difficulty with Macausland; reason for Moncure Robinson's lack of confidence in Edwin Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad stocks and a meeting in Baltimore.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Professional duties and high fees paid by Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Steamboat schedules; extension of the Washington road to the Potomac; insurance on the boats; opposition to the Central R.R.; Capt. Peck appointed for the line, but to be kept secret until after the Baltimore meeting. .\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Iron for rails for extension of the R.R. past the Junction; collection of tickets on trains and boats; countermanding decisions of Edwin Robinson; supporting Worthington; extension of the Washington Line to the Potomac; railroad investments and dividends.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Price for transporting flour on the boats; competition of agents in Alexandria; uniformity of freight rates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Support for Capt. Peck against Mattingly; income of steam boat company reduced \"owing to the times throughout the country\"; strictest economy being observed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Lack of cost kept by Edwin Robinson for railroad iron; financial affairs of the Bay Co., Line; negotiations for Savage to buy out Falls; instructions for Bragg to get detailed instructions from Moncure Robinson for \"mode of connecting the rails.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Meeting of the Board of the steamboat line; conflict over election of a director, finances, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A trip to Norfolk and Richmond, where he wishes to meet Edwin Robinson and Mr. Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R. has now suggested through conductors from New York to Richmond, as well as through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contract and Bd. of Public Works; competition with the Central R.R. from Washington; negotiations with Dove of the Philadelphia and Baltimore R.R.; difficult relations with Peter Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.,and \"his board\"; number of accidents suggests that trains are running faster than they should. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contracts; through tickets and Parker of the B. \u0026amp; O. R.R.; enclosing list of stockholders in the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. who own no R. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock, urging Edwin Robinson to get they to buy in order to control both roads; criticism of the way rails were laid; more train accidents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Mail contracts; influence with Board of Public Works directors and stockholders meetings; conflict with Rives; R.R. and steamboat line finances; newspaper schedule advertisements of connecting trains. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Purchase of iron for tracks; R.R. and steamboat finances; R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock down to 70.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice concerning studies leading to an engineering degree under Prof. Eustis; comparison of the abilities of John M. Robinson with those of his brother, Edmund, who is studying at the same place (Harvard University); enclosing a check for each son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosing $100 to get John M. Robinson out of debt; advice on studies and criticism of letters; greetings of Agnes, Bev, and mother of John and Edmund. Advice concerning unworthy friends, especially Crawley, who has left a bill at the Brattle House; quoting scene from \"Hamlet\" at length; enclosing checks for John and Edmund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosing a check for John and his brother, Edmund, that might have to be cashed in Boston; advice on expenditures; advises that if he cannot graduate cum laude in January, that he wait another term. Advice on studies leading to graduation in July. Request for more money \"creates in me a good deal of surprise\"; \"unfortunate companions at Cambridge and \"you may have vices I have not before suspected\"; asks for an itemized statement. Candor of last letter from John M. Robinson; advice on expenses, studies and plans for graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Bills to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; the sharing of mail contracts with other lines; troubles with Fontaine of the Louisa Co., and with officials of other competing lines; financial problems of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reprimand of Edwin Robinson on money matters; increasing financial problems; bill before the Virginia Senate and others before the Maryland Legislature; injunction case before the courts; enclosing letter from Anne W. Coleman and draft of letter from Moncure Robinson to C.W. MacMurdo, Jr. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Degree to be received in July from Cambridge, working under Prof. Eustis; check enclosed for John and Edmund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Bills before the Virginia and Maryland legislatures; railroad finances, railroad stocks and bonds; enclosed articles on railroad rates, problems of lost baggage, and danger of speed of 35 mph.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad bonds; bills before the Legislature; iron for rails.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosing check; advice on study; problem of Edmund and pistols.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Effort of Falls to direct passengers to the Bay Line; an agent in the North to sell through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice on ompanions and study; check enclosed for Edmund. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to his son, John M. Robinson. Letter from Charles Wadsworth concerning the Ecole des Mines, where John M. Robinson may go after taking his Bachelor of Science degree at Harvard.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The future career of John M. Robinson and the possibility of his going to the School of Mines in France.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Possibility that John M. Robinson will not get his degree; advice on a \"conversation\" with Prof. Eustis in this direction.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Advice on the coming examination; comment on the assault of Brooks on Sumner and the pro-slavery feeling of the Southern members of Congress. Enclosing letter from Prof. Eustis giving assurance of a degree for John, which is to be kept secret from Edmund. Encouraging John M. Robinson; enclosing check.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reporting that Thompson Brown is recovering with the nursing Fanny; economy on railroad and boat line; contracts for rails and spikes; through tickets; plan to go to \"the new Philadelphia Bathing Place, Atlantic City.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A mistake in interest payment made to Moncure Robinson by C.W. MacMurdo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An attempt to influence Fillmore vs. Buchanan votes by block-voting of the stockholders if R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. does not receive mail contract; selling bonds to meet the bills for rails purchased.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Expressing confidence in his son; suggesting the possibility of an engineering position in Chile.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Unanswered letter to Mr. MacMurdo.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Offer of position for John M. Robinson on the Philadelphia and Reading R.R. by G.A. Niolls, General Superintendent; advice on smoking and drinking.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His volunteer labor to gain experience; enclosing check. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Value of field work experience to an engineer. Value of learning the practical use of instruments. More advice with a check enclosed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommends that he enter University of Virginia for the next term for a course of general studies; enclosing two checks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Complaints about arrangements made by Edwin Robinson for baggage transportation and for through tickets from New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad finances and dividends; the impossibility of meeting current expenses out of current income; importance of the injunction case in court.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The lectures of Professors McGuffey and Maupin (at the University of Virginia); the degree conferred on him at Harvard; arrangements for living with his uncle John. Opportunities in the Northwest.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Course in chemistry under Dr. Maupin who is \"often unsuccessful in his experiments\" and Dr. McGuffey in belles lettres.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The increased expenses and diminished income of the railroad.; need for retrenchment; negotiations of railroad bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A tip for Dan on leaving Charlottesville. Announcing the death of their old \"Mammy\"; advice on studies and religion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Finances; notes for payment to Reeves, Buch \u0026amp; Co., for rails; mail contracts, insurance policies; injunction case; need to raise fares in order to meet railroad costs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Returning letter of John M. Robinson with spelling and punctuation corrected. More advice on rhetoric; John M. Robinson will be with his grandmother in Richmond for Christmas. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Thankfulness for escape of John M. Robinson from injury in an accident; religious comments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Railroad finances, urging increase of rates and reduction of expenses; Increase in railroad accidents; mortal injuries to Sam Brown in Central R.R. accident, train going at excessive speed of 35 mph; danger of serious accident where Fontaine's Central R.R. crosses the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. at level crossing; attempt of Falls to take over Seaboard and Roanoke R.R. through stockholders of the Bay Line; slaves killed while working on R.R.; mail contracts, with enclosed newspaper article on \"The Great Southern Mail Route.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Absence from lectures at University of Virginia; more on rhetoric. A coming ball in Philadelphia; chance that John M. Robinson will give \"his protection\" to Miss McFarland on the trip; check enclosed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Failure of mail due to \"the interruption of the railroads\"; Edmund is occupied with his law books; visit of John M. Robinson to Philadelphia. Enclosing a pass for the R.R.; asks John M. Robinson to pick up a nail brush he left at a hotel a month before.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble between Malcolm Macever and Beyland; Edmund accompanied Miss MacFarland to Richmond; advice on studies and recommending the reading of Addison for style in writing. Comment on essay sent to Moncure Robinson by John M. Robinson; Edmund plans to continue his preparation in law at Wilkes-Barre, Pa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Plans to send Edmund to France for the summer; the return of John M. Robinson from the University in the summer. Many meetings of the railroad and steamboat companies; correction of essay sent by John M. Robinson; riot at the University and type of young man there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Corrections made on a letter from John M. Robinson; sale of his mare to his uncle John Moncure. The possibility of a position for John M. Robinson after he leaves the University. Future plans for John M. Robinson; Democrats won election in Virginia, defeating Edwin Robinson, brother of Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reply to a letter from Edwin Robinson which \"has given me...a great deal of pain.\" Edwin Robinson is dissatisfied with the attitude of Moncure Robinson and has been \"placed in charge of the work at my instance.\" Recommending more economy and defending the interests of the stockholders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Rejected plans for a \"horse railroad\" from the University to Charlottesville; the disappointment of Moncure Robinson in his investment in the \"Fredericksburg rail-road\" (the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.) due to the fact that Virginia did not keep faith to the company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Storm damage to the railroad line; threat to sell out his stock (in the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.) if the vote does not go his way, a vote involving Dr. Haxall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Stay of John M. Robinson in New York and Boston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A steam carriage for turnpikes which he is to see demonstrated at \"the Novelty Works.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Care for his grandmother Robinson in Richmond. The purpose of his stay in Richmond--\"making yourself as thoroughly acquainted as possible with everything connected with the rail-road management.\" His return to Philadelphia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Handbills announcing the route from Washington to Richmond via Fredericksburg. Draft of the above.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Handbills; the competition of the Orange R.R. Co.; and the discussions with Mr. Jackson in New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The care of John M. Robinson for his sister, Agnes, at Atlantic City. Advice concerning his inferior position with the Philadelphia and Baltimore Rail Road; an account of the first work that Moncure Robinson did in railroad works; discussion of opportunities in Chile and Brazil.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His interest in \"Lee's machine,\" a test of it on their line; resolutions of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. Co.; investigation of steamboat building yards.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Comparative advantages to the stockholders of the Seaboard \u0026amp; Roanoke and Bay Line, the \"upper route,\" R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R., and the Richmond and Petersburg Co., of through tickets which preferred one route over another.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Report of amount due to R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. on through tickets sold at New York during the month of March 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notification of the shipment of iron to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His meeting Mr. Bradford, the \"great English reformer,\" discussing Mr. Chevalier; summer plans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Good reports of the railroad and the Bay Line; his plans to go into the office of Biddle upon graduation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social letter; concern about Virginia and \"fanatics south of Mason and Dixon's Line.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Laments the rejection of Mr. Crittenden's proposition; believes the central states should mediate between the Cotton States and the New England States; \"if the Union must be dissolved, let it be with dignity\"; preparations for the family to be protected in case of war; he has finished his law course at Cambridge (Harvard).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Insurance on a new boat which is to be opened to the public; instructions for Mattingly and Cap. Reynolds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The new position of John M. Robinson in Portsmouth, supervising the steamboat line and S. \u0026amp; R. R.R. activities at that place; no trains to run on Sunday; mention of Tazewell Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An injunction received by action of the Court of Appeals; railroad and Bay Co. business; enclosed resolution about the debt of the railroadcompany in England.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock; purchase of rails for the railroad; through tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Interest of John M. Robinson in the prosperity of the Petersburg R.R. and willingness of Mr. Sanford to acquaint him with his system; a limit on the number of free tickets; general advice. Relations with the Raleigh road and the Seaboardline; purchase of a new steamboat and repairs to an old one; Conway Robinson in court involving the Maryland turnpike; other R.R. and steamboat business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Through tickets to the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Trouble with their competitors over through tickets; iron for rails; railroad finances; arrangments with S. M. Felton and Peter V. Daniel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relationship between the Bay Line, S. \u0026amp; R. R.R., and the Baltimore line; mentions Wilson, Falls, Savage and Jackson; special notes of return tickets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Issuing of free tickets; and stock of the lines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Relationship of the Baltimore R.R. with the Seaboard line in carrying freight; concerning matters on the farm; relationship of the Bay Co. with the S. \u0026amp; R. R.R.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Freight brought over the Petersburg R.R. to their road and ships; good financial condition of their enterprise. Freight; S. \u0026amp; R. R.R. bonds; advice.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Calling him home to take care of farm business. Relationship of the Seaford Line and the Bay Line with the Seaboard R.R.; the steamboats on their line; a planned new line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A report of the visit of the Prince to Cambridge and discussion of the possible results of the recent election of Lincoln, danger to the Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Freight business \"provided the present relations between Virginia and the northern states continue\"; mass meeting to be held in Independence Square to support the Union.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His success in the management of the railroad and steamship company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Request for a power of attorney for shares of R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. stock held in the name of John M. Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Problems raised by the imminence of \"flagrant hositlities,\" including the seizure of the boats of the Potomac Steamboat Company, impounding of assets, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Drafts for payment of railroad accounts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents He considers that the dissolution of the Union is impossible, but dreads a fratricidal war which seems now about to be inaugurated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A letter sent by flag of truce to Norfolk, Va. Edmund, brother of John M. Robinson, who is practicing law in New York; Bay Co., and railroad stocks and dividend payments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Finances of the Bay Co., and dividends to be paid; the confiscation Bill which has passed the U.S. Congress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Regret at inability to send dividends due to the war and English blockade of the Southern ports. The letter was sent via Tampico, Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dividends paid on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Daniel via Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Payment of dividends on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Thomas Hankey \u0026amp; Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Norfolk is about to be evacuated; new hope under George Randolph as Secretary of War; Moncure Robinson has been declared an enemy alien and his property transferred to his son, John M. Robinson, who is in the Confederate Forces, aide de camp to Maj. Gen. Loring with rank of Captain; farewell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Original letter withdrawn by Lydia Robinson and given to the Bermuda Historical Society. Son of Moncure Robinson whom he has seen in Richmond and who sends his regards to his brother, Edmund Robinson, in New York; suggestions concerning the affairs of Moncure Robinson. In French, typed translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Announcing the death of his grandmother, mother of Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents John. M. Robinson has been placed in charge of the movement of stores from Portsmouth before it is abandoned to the Northern Forces; His battle in the Confederate Legislature to have his father's property come to him as a loyal southerner; his experiences at battle at Roanoke Island with a map of the island and the area around it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Report on his activities with the Confederate forces before being sent to Europe to procure railroad supplies for the Confederacy; his journey from Spain to England; the property of Moncure Robinson in the South, held by John M. Robinson. His business in England; chance that England may enter the war against the U.S.; has seen his uncle, Edwin Robinson, in London; letters from his brother, Edmund.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents His acquaintances in London, including Russell, Blake, Hankey, and Lord Somers; sympathy widespread for the South; English interest payments on railroad bonds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Reports that the case before Judge Haliburton has been decided in favor of John M. Robinson, so that all the assets of Moncure Robinson, Edmund and Beverly revert to John M. Robinson; railroad finances and management in the South; activities with the Confederate forces.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Report of the attack on Petersburg by Grant, topped by the forces of Lee; destruction of Sheridan; thieving expeditions of Hunter; hope that \"the crazy people of the United States will come to their senses in the coming Presidential campaign,\" but willingness to fight on for five more years; report on activities of Cary, and death of Willy; settlement of railroad finances; hope to go to Europe if war ends in defeat of the South.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The management of the affairs of the S. \u0026amp; R. R.R. and the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R.; his activity as General Military Supt. of railroads; the war's progress.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Sons in war; railroad stock transactions; members of the family (names hidden because of war censorship).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dividends of the Seaboard and Roanoke Co.; concerning \"this useless war,\" the hope that the November election will \"disclose the fact that the majority have had enough of this mode of restoring the Union.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dividends and other affairs of the Seaboard line; negotiations with Rives, cousin Wirt Robinson and Wilson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Dividends of the S. \u0026amp; R. R.R. Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Written via Barbados; shares of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. Co.; desire to rid self of interests in Virginia; possibility that family will reside in Europe after the war; Beverley's residence in Paris.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A nephew, Henry, who had been taken a prisoner of war. Henry Robinson, Steamer Santiago de Cuba, to Mr. Walke. Enclosed with the above recounting his condition as a prisoner.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Settlement of debts owed by John M. Robinson in the south; prospect of end of the war; suggestion that profits could be made by forming a company in England to run the blockade.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Finances.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Troubles of R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R., trains over a day late; lack of engines, repair facilities; need for financing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Welcoming a son and daughter of his old friend, Moncure Robinson, upon their arrival in England, and inviting them to visit him in France. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Affairs of the R.F. \u0026amp; P. R.R. and the Pot. S.B. Co., of which companies Moncure Robinson is a large stockholder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for a memoir of Mr. Chevalier read by Moncure Robinson at the Philosophical Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Enclosing some copies of \"The Ledger\" in which there is a notice of a work by Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A discussion of the charter of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Acknowledging the news of the death in America of her guardian, Mr. Seybert, and expressing grief. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents An inheritance left to her by Mr. Seybert. Enclosed is a copy of an article on the cremation of Seybert. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Information for an article by Moncure Robinson on Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included. Lucie de Saivre, Paris, to Moncure Robinson. Requesting a copy of the will of Seybert. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents More concerning the will of Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Appreciation for the memoir of Mr. Seybert written by Moncure Robinson. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social letter. In French, translation included. Incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Condolences for the death of the brother of Moncure Robinson, Conway Robinson. In French, translation included.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The death of the father of Leigh Robinson; mention of an article in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAlbany Law Journal.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Settlement of debt to Moncure Robinson by widow and children of Conway Robinson; Moncure Robinson has refused to accept land for the debt.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Arrangements to mortgage \"Vinelands\" for $20,000 in order to pay cash to Moncure Robinson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The settlement of debts of Conway Robinson to his brother, Moncure Robinson, by the widow and children of Conway Robinson, for $20,000 cash; appreciation for the generosity of this settlement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Recommending that son of Moncure Robinson, Jr., be \"president of the company.\" Incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The name for a new company which is to benefit Petersburg and Richmond. Incomplete.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The commencement of work on a new railroad.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents A problem of their sister Cornelia, who wishes to marry a man of whom the family does not approve.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents The transactions of Moncure Robinson as President of the Potomac Steamboat Co., and as attorney for stockholders in the Baltimore Steam Packet Co.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Social note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Notification of his election to the Story Association of Harvard University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Concerning the meeting with his future wife, Charlotte Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents Concerning his marriage to Charlotte Taylor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eScope and Contents\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and 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Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Personal and professional papers of Moncure Robinson dealing mostly with management of Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac Railroad in which he held controlling interest. Prominent correspondents include James Buchanan, Washington Irving, Dennis Hart Mahan, Winfield Scott and Abel Parker Upshur. Also included is the correspondence of his father, John Robinson (including letters from William C. C. Claiborne), his brothers, Cary, Edwin, Conway and Eustace Robinson and his brother-in-law John C. R. Taylor whose letters concern plantation management. Also included are notebooks of Wirt Robinson.","Scope and Contents Family affairs.","Scope and Contents Antony and Betsy, brother and sister of John Robinson; need to move from Richmond in \"the sickly months.\"","Scope and Contents Nancy and Starkey, William and Anthony, brothers and sisters of John Robinson","Scope and Contents Marriage of Betsy, sister of John Robinson; warning him to be careful of the company he keeps.","Scope and Contents Brothers and sisters of John Robinson, living with W.M.","Scope and Contents The law training of John Robinson and his plans to marry; sending money to him.","Scope and Contents His law studies and Miss K ?","Scope and Contents The sessions of the U.S. Congress in New York.","Scope and Contents Decision of the Congress to move to Philadelphia for ten years while the new national capital is being built on Potowmac.","Scope and Contents His brother Starkey and family.","Scope and Contents Building of \"accomodations for Congress\" and the flourishing condition of the Union.","Scope and Contents Request that her brothers \"purchase a few things\" for her.","Scope and Contents The capture of a runaway slave, Nell.","Scope and Contents Family news: the return of the Negro, Nell; the  health of the sister of John Robinson; and commending Billy, the son of W.M.  .","Scope and Contents Notes that Wm. Harrison is an ensign of the Federal Troops at $18 per month, and is going South to fight the Indians. A bill is before the Congress to apportion the number of representatives from each state on the basis of the recent census.","Scope and Contents Sickness of the sister of John Robinson; concern for the son of W.M.; John Robinson's study of the law; and the sale of the Negro, Nell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Mrs. Mallory, the aunt of John Robinson; the Temple's ball; books and pamphlets.","Scope and Contents Her proposed marriage.","Scope and Contents \"To be left at the Halfway House between York and Hampton.\" Advised that he sell the cows and oxen for cash, and that he send up the three boys.","Scope and Contents The drunken condition of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson; of the marriage of the son of W.M.; and later of the recovery of Starkey and his sober reform.","Scope and Contents A request that John Robinson buy a copy of the first edition of the laws of Virginia.","Scope and Contents The threat of war between England and France; a visit by W. Hunter of Williamsburg; sickness in Pocoson and the return of Starkey to drink.","Scope and Contents Mrs. J. Robinson, this sister of J.M. and the two Robinson children, Moncure and Agnes.","Scope and Contents Signed by L.H. Girardin and Chiles Terrell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Advance of tuition for teaching French to his son, Moncure.","Scope and Contents Signed by Francis Galvan.","Scope and Contents Gives advice regarding his studies and corrects grammar and spelling; a discussion of the Polemic Society, the Library Society, and the Rhetoric Society, at the College of William and Mary; doubts the need for a library at the College; gives news from the papers of the reported destruction of the French ship \"L'Epervier\" by a \"British 74\" off Turk's Island and the ceding of \"The Floridas\" to England by Spain; news has just come of the death of Starkey Robinson, brother of John Robinson","Scope and Contents A thesis written by John Robinson; supplies sent down from Richmond; advice for deportment at College; news that a Navy Yard is considered for York; advice on personal cleanliness. Enclosing newspapers recording the cession of the Floridas by Spain to Great Britain; warning not to read the papers to the detriment of his studies; reports Seneca on studies; reports the control of a house fire by a line of citizens passing water. A visit with Mr. Saunders; and advice to keep well so that nothing may interfere with his studies. A thesis by Moncure Robinson on \"Taste\" and the College President's comments on Moncure Robinson; advises reading \"Blair's Lectures\" in regard to sentence structure; notes that Moncure Robinson matriculated under the usual age; greetings from his brothers, Cary and Conway.","Scope and Contents Clothes sent to him; a thesis on \"Metaphor\"; his roommates Lundy and Goodwin.","Scope and Contents Christmas visit with his Aunt Cary in Warwick; mention of help in mathematics from Mr. Taylor; note on the inadequacy of his preparation for college by Mr. Terrel, especially in mathematics; and advice for the studies of his brothers, Cary and Conway.","Scope and Contents Arrangements for the \"Birthnight Ball\" in Williamsburg; the schooling of his brothers, Cary, Conway, and Edwin; visits with Mrs. Page and Mr. Coleman.","Scope and Contents A speech to a college society and assigned thesis on \"Suicide\"; reports of a near duel between Mr. Douthas and Mr. M. Cabell.","Scope and Contents The suspension of lectures in Chemistry due to insult of one student by others; threat of expulsion from College by whole class unless guilty one is discovered.","Scope and Contents A meeting of parents of students attending the College in regard to the trouble in the Chemistry lectures.","Scope and Contents News that the chemistry lectures are resumed, though trouble is not over.","Scope and Contents Having completed the examinations, he is to come to Richmond by steamboat.","Scope and Contents Arrangements to board with Mr. Brown; a dinner for Dr. Jones, who had been \"maltreated by the President\"; fees for attending lectures, professors' fees, $45.00 library subscription and fee to Franklinian Society.","Scope and Contents Requests that John Robinson sell two of her Negro men \"without sending him to a Back Woods Man, which I would not on any account do\"; suggests that Moncure is staying up too late with his studying.","Scope and Contents Reports prank of night ringing of College and church bells, for which Robert Pickett, R. Donthat, and Richard Cunningham were suspended because they knew who was guilty, but refused to inform authorities; Moncure Robinson asks permission to resign from the College if he is put in such a position.","Scope and Contents Signed by Ferdinand S. Campbell, Prof. of Math and Clk. of the Society.","Scope and Contents Reports the demand of Mr. Hare that each student pay $40 for a series of lectures for a portion of the year, the usual charge being $10; requests his father's permission to leave College and to continue his reading and study privately.","Scope and Contents Detailing the situation which arose from a written remonstrance to Dr. Hare regarding his high fees, signed by Moncure Robinson and 25 other students, for which all were suspended from the College.","Scope and Contents Announces the suspension of (Moncure Robinson) son of John Robinson, due to his act in signing a \"remonstrance\" petition to the Chemistry Professor (Dr. Hare) for his unfair fees.","Scope and Contents Reports the events which led up to the suspension of Moncure from the College, arising from a paper signed by several students regarding Dr. Hare who \"should have demanded only $10.\"","Scope and Contents The suspension of the students at William and Mary College; he regrets the situation but supports his son and thanks W.B. for his support and help.","Scope and Contents Reports that \"it was stated by the President that in the unfortunate affair the College lost some of its brightest ornaments, among whom everyone ranked Moncure\" and that a law had been enacted to prevent such demands (by professors) in the future.","Scope and Contents Property settled for Ben I. Gilbert by John Robinson; suggesting a political career for Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson who is visiting his uncle Moncure, suggests that he might attempt to qualify for the position of the Secretary of the Board of Public Works.","Scope and Contents The plans of Moncure Robinson to settle in N. Y. to take lessons in perspective drafting, disappointed in this prospect, Moncure Robinson plans to visit the N. Y. canal.","Scope and Contents Introducing Moncure Robinson, a Civil Engineer who wishes to examine the Great Western Canal.","Scope and Contents Property in N. Y. purchased by John Robinson; his trip of examination of part of the canal; and his impression of the Military Academy at West Point.","Scope and Contents Hopes for employment with the John Robinson Company, but until he hears he will use his time in copying off some of the plans used in the construction of the New York Canal.","Scope and Contents While waiting word on employment by the James River company, he continues his journey to Niagra and environs; plane to go to Philadelphia to examine \"specimens of mechanical ingenuity\" there.","Scope and Contents He plans to proceed to New York and Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents The John Robinson Co. and Col. Gamble; prospects of a position with them for Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents A paper regarding the estate of John Taylor, signed by Charles Cocke.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Personal letter, in which he expresses his interest in the promising future of Moncure, son of John Robinson","Scope and Contents Bank drafts; the news of the death of Lord Byron; and the destruction of the ship \"Hannibal\" by lightning while crossing the Atlantic.","Scope and Contents The plans of the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the U.S. and of the enmity and jealousy of him in France; the new work by Washington Irving is eagerly awaited in Europe.","Scope and Contents James River and Kanawha Canal and Chesterfield Railroad.","Scope and Contents Accounts of his visits with the President and Secretaries of State and War in Washington on his way to Europe; his examination of the docks in Havre de Grace.","Scope and Contents The sailing of Moncure Robinson on April 4; end of a fast trip by Conway Robinson to Richmond; he is now in a New York wholesale house.","Scope and Contents Describes a visit to Versailles, and attendance at the French Chamber of Deputies; relates his acquaintance with many of his fellow countrymen in Europe, even some fine people from states north of Virginia.","Scope and Contents Their father's \"favorite Villa\"; listing family at dinner; noting the death of Dr. Adams and Mr. Munford; family news.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson writes, \"in practical mechanics the French must be at least one hundred years behind the English.. Here I can travel in no direction but I come across some fine specimens of art executed in this land of dull and plodding people.\" He goes on to describe the technical wonders of the \"New London Bridge\" and the Thames Tunnel, including the method of digging under the Thames River; he plans to study the canals and railroads of England and Holland before returning for the lectures on mathematics and algebra at the Sorbonne.","Scope and Contents Visit to their uncle, John Moncure, and other family news.","Scope and Contents Family news; his visit to Virginia.","Scope and Contents Capt. Eustace, who has lost a child; asking about the tunnel under the Thames in London; Pennsylvania society for internal improvement has sent Mr. Strickland to England for information on Railways and Canals; Court Martial proceedings in Washington for Comdr. Porter (Comdr. Barron, President) and Comdr. Stewart; conflict between Gov. of Georgia and Pres. of U.S. in relation to Creek Indians, Genl. Gaines dispatched to protect the Indians; Genl. Lafayette departing the U.S. after a visit of more than a year.","Scope and Contents His traveling companions, John Ambler, Seybert and Chauncey; his study of the Chirk and Pontcysyllte aqueducts; he is entertained by Lord and Lady Dungannon at tea after meeting the Lord on his estate, and shown through the colleges of Oxford by a young Oxonian that he met in the Bodlean Library; he comments on the great wealth in England and the many world schemes put into operation by English capital.","Scope and Contents Recounts his hospitable reception in Holland, where he visited Rotterdam, Amsterdam and Antwerp; he met Lefevre, a distinguished Civil Engineer of Lyon, and received a letter of introduction to Baron Dupin, the author of the famous work on the institutions and public works of England; he describes the work of Napoleon in cutting a new channel for the Rhine River to the sea.","Scope and Contents First letter received from Moncure Robinson \"after nearly half a year\"; the poor of England; their cousin, Henry Wood Moncure, and news of mutual friends.","Scope and Contents The problems of steam boats on the upper James River; R.H. is a candidate for the state legislature of Virginia; he reports a visit to the family of Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Mr. R. Harrison has published some extracts of letters received from John Robinson, with his father's permission; reports that nothing will be done immediately in the improvement of the James River, but that there are opportunities for engineers on \"internal improvements\" elsewhere; suggestion of Moncure Robinson that a railroad be built from headwaters of the James River to the Kanawha River has been much discussed; \"Your account of the Steam Waggons towing 2 or 3 others on the railways of England, \u0026 heavily loaded, seems quite fascinating to the friends of internal improvement\"; news of panic in New York as a result of cotton speculations.","Scope and Contents News that John Tyler is Governor and John Randolph is Senator, replacing Col. Barbour, and other elections reported; news of an influenza epidemic in Richmond.","Scope and Contents His progress in French and his continued studies; his plans to visit the canals and public works of France before proceeding to Italy, where he will spend the next winter; reports that he dined with the U.S. minister, where he met General Lafayette.","Scope and Contents Describes his life in Paris, calls made on Mr. Michaux and the Baron Dupin and notes, \"It is really astonishing in a country where...so many such men exist, that they body of the nation should nevertheless be so little advanced in all the useful arts\"; he goes on to describe the poverty in Paris, the filth of the back streets and the like.","Scope and Contents He is studying the system of draining marshes in England, Holland, and Italy, as a basis for similar work along the seaboard of the Southern states in the U.S. and the mines of England; he reports his expenses and the joys of living in Paris.","Scope and Contents Asks his father to get some information on a Mr. Aubry for the U.S. Consul in Paris, Mr. Barbet; states the John Ambler with whom he has travelled much in England and in Europe will soon be returning to Virginia. Enclosed letter concerning Aubry, with copy of letter from L. Cany, Richmond, to Aubry, 1825 February 23. In French.","Scope and Contents His own indisposition.","Scope and Contents A brief letter sent with John Jacquelin Ambler, who was returning to Virginia.","Scope and Contents Tells of his failure to use billets to the King's Chapel where he would have been \"tea-table distance\" from His Majesty and the whole royal family, and of the few people he knows in Paris; he advises against his brother coming to France to make a living.","Scope and Contents The low spirits of Moncure Robinson reflected in his last letter; the embarrassed situation of Mr. Jefferson financially and of the public subscriptions for his benefit; of the visit of Mr. Monroe; of the \"Hardtimes\" that have hit the country; and the 50th anniversary celebration of U.S. Independence.","Scope and Contents The deaths of John Adams and Thomas Jefferson on July 4, 50th anniversary of independence of the U.S.; of the failures of the business houses of Moncure \u0026 Robinson in New York, and Moncure Robinson \u0026 Pleasants in Richmond.","Scope and Contents More details regarding the failure of the Moncure \u0026 Robinson business houses in Ricmond and New York; the drunkeness of Frederick Pleasants. An additional note is added by John Robinson, father of Moncure Robinson, urging him to return home as soon as possible.","Scope and Contents Social letters in the first two of which there is much religious advice.","Scope and Contents More regarding the failure of the family business.","Scope and Contents His trip south, describing the lot of 1,800 gallery slaves of Rochefort chained n their cells, then the beauties of the cities of Bordeaux; he is examining the canals of south France.","Scope and Contents The failure of the business house of John Robinson and of a loan to that company made by the sister of B.I.G.","Scope and Contents One more winter, then to return home after visits to England and Holland.","Scope and Contents A debt on the business house of John Robinson which has recently failed.","Scope and Contents The failure of Moncure, Robinson, and Pleasants mercantile house and urging Moncure Robinson to return home as soon as possible.","Scope and Contents Advises that John Robinson return home as soon as possible, in order to take advantage of the employment opportunities in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Possibility of action by the State Legislature on the James River Canal; enquiry regarding steam navigation.","Scope and Contents He advises his brother to stay on in Europe, to complete what he had undertaken; Conway Robinson is to undertake a law career and their father will become Clerk of the Superior Court.","Scope and Contents Recommends that Moncure Robinson stay in Europe until he finishes his course of study.","Scope and Contents Sends a remittance to Moncure Robinson and is hopeful of future mercantile success.","Scope and Contents He plans to look beyond Virginia for employment upon his return a year hence; the more he sees of France, the less he likes it.","Scope and Contents A professorship at the University of Virginia which might be available; the lessening of interest in \"internal improvement\" n the country, so less need for engineers; Virginia politics.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson has heard that the Governor is to appoint Mr. Crozet as chief engineer who \"as a civil engineer is the merest pretender\"; French engineering is far behind that of England and the U.S.; he expects to be free of his dependence upon Virginia when he returns.","Scope and Contents Reports that the better grounded he is in the practice of England and the theory of France (in engineering) the more completely will he insure himself of employment in \"some other quarter of our Union\" outside of Virginia; he is still trying to overcome the effects of the fevers he contracted while working on the James River improvement in previous years.","Scope and Contents Suggests that Moncure Robinson return in the summer because of their father's financial difficulties.","Scope and Contents Conway Robinson encourages Moncure Robinson to return and make application for a professorship at the University of Virginia; he discusses the political changes that have taken place in Virginia; John Robinson urges Moncure Robinson to apply for the position.","Scope and Contents Moncure Robinson doubts that he will be offered the position of Professor of Mathematics at Charlottesville (University of Virginia); he plans to leave at the end of the lecture period for another tour of English engineering examples; he tells of the political conflicts of France, of the King and the minister.","Scope and Contents A trip to Vichy over almost impossible roads, with humorous anecdotes of their experiences.","Scope and Contents His visit to the port engineering works at Cherbourg; fellow countrymen he has met in Paris; the election of Gen. La Fayette to the Chamber of Deputies by two votes.","Scope and Contents The members of his family in Philadelphia, whom Moncure Robinson is to meet on his return to the U.S. at the end of the summer.","Scope and Contents Interest in railways in Maryland, the election of the professor at the University of Virginia, and affairs at home; comment on the new government in Britain.","Scope and Contents The appointment of the professor at the University of Virginia; their mother's interest in the Conway family arms and the Conway Castle in Wales; the family troubles which includes the selling of the servants and real property in order to pay off the indebtedness of the failed mercantile enterprise.","Scope and Contents Includes an extract from a letter written by James Brown, U.S. Minister in Paris, in which Mr. Moncure Robinson is favorably mentioned. Franked by James Monroe.","Scope and Contents His inspection of the Navy Yard at Portsmouth, England and his visits to iron works at Merthy and Tydril, where the proprietors were quite secretive about their processes; he reports a visit to Newstead Abbey, the former home of Lord Byron, with accounts of the house, the tomb of Byron, and some of his possessions; he is headed for visits to the collieries in Newcastle and Scotland.","Scope and Contents Acknowledging letter in which word regarding Moncure Robinson in Paris is quoted.","Scope and Contents Personal comments, mentioning relationships with Moncure Robinson; Wilkes, Arnold, and Sanders are mentioned. French and translation.","Scope and Contents Announcing his arrival after a 38 day crossing from England; he plans to look for a position in the Public Works activities in Pennsylvania. Moncure Robinson to his parents; to to John Robinson, Richmond, Virginia. His visit in New York; his plan to meet the leading men in the large cities looking to employment as an engineer; and his plans to visit the Delaware and Chesapeake Canal and the Baltimore Railway line.","Scope and Contents An offer of employment by the Canal Commissioners of Pennsylvania for \"a series of examinations between the waters of the Delaware and those of the North Branch of the Susquehanna with a view to their connexion by Railroad.\" The pay is to be $5 1/2 per day; this may lead to other employment; the country is rugged and mountainous; he is to bring his own \"levelling instrument.\"","Scope and Contents His recommendation of Moncure Robinson to Mr. McIlvaine, and that the Commissioners had nominated Moncure Robinson for a position.","Scope and Contents Introducing Henry Chester.","Scope and Contents Congratulates Moncure Robinson on his move to \"a commonwealth...whose citizens are full of energy and enterprise...as different alsmot from the Old Dominion as black is from white\"; he gives news of stock sales in a railroad and a manufacturing company.","Scope and Contents Expressing affection for his parents and his high hopes of advancement in Pennsylvania, despite their suspicion of those from outisde the state.","Scope and Contents Doubts that a railroad will be built very soon along the route being surveyed by Moncure Robinson; news of the family and of difficult business conditions in New York.","Scope and Contents The settling of the mercantile debts of John Robinson, the sale of all property except the town house and \"Poplar Vale,\" and other financial matters.","Scope and Contents Notification of deposit of $500 for Moncure Robinson; reports that \"your name and fame are well known to the Governor and Secretary of State.\"","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Offers financial help to his father; plans to return to Philadelphia when weather in the mountains drives him in; inquires of James River Improvement and of possibility of further employment in Pennsylvania. Reports that he has been appointed Engineer of the Allegheny Division of the Pennsylvania Improvements; he is to lay out a railroad right of way between Philadelphia and Pittsburgh.","Scope and Contents Total cost estimate $1,068,895.34.","Scope and Contents The hospitality shown him in Philadelphia; requests that his \"library of professional books\" be sent to him, since he is now settled in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents Writes that nothing will be done by the Virginia Legislature on the subject of internal improvement.","Scope and Contents Sends money for his father and gifts of jewelry to his sisters; regarding the sale of one of the family houses, \"Upton.\"","Scope and Contents A letter of appreciation for \"gems\" given to A.R. and to her sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents Family news and news of his sale of some of his property to meet the continuing debts of his failed mercantile firm.","Scope and Contents The activities of Moncure Robinson and Conway Robinson to help meet their father's debts. Recent visit of Moncure Robinson to Richmond and visit of Conway Robinson to Williamsburg, where he was much impressed with the hospitality; and a trip with Jane to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Settling of debts of their father and their brother Cary; the ensuing marriage of Conway Robinson; he plans to lay out the line of the LeHigh Railroad and is willing also to undertake the works on the Chesterfield Railroad.","Scope and Contents His hope to find a satisfactory route for the railroad through the Allegheny mountains, \"a department of my profession, in which few American Engineers have as yet embarked\"; he hopes to help Cary in New York with capital, as well as helping to pay off his father's debts.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; and reaction to a report that \"the Jackson legislature of Pa. have turned out your Commissioners.\"","Scope and Contents Payment on a note. In French.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; congratulations on Moncure Robinson's new position.","Scope and Contents The location of the \"Allegheny Portage\" is nearly completed; he plans to be in Richmond in October; he has resigned his position with the Pennsylvania Canal Commissioners, but will be willing to return to execute the Allegheny Portage after he has completed the Chesterfield Railway.","Scope and Contents Family matters and the trip of Conway and Anna Jane to \"the top of the Catskills.\"","Scope and Contents A trip made with his brother and sister, Cary and Jane, to Niagara Falls and Saratoga.","Scope and Contents Included in the text is a transcript of a letter of instructions received by Moncure Robinson from Josiah White, Acting Manager of LeHigh Co. Proposals are made for the railway line to transport coal from a mine near Mauch Chunk.","Scope and Contents \"Examinations\" which have been suggested, with a statement of his charge for such servies of $10 per day and expenses.","Scope and Contents Social chit-chat, an exercise in French letter-writing. In French with translation.","Scope and Contents Regret that he cannot accept an invitation to visit in Richmond; news about their mutual friend, Seybert.","Scope and Contents Enquiry regarding the pay demanded by Moncure Robinson as Engineer for a proposed railroad from coal mines to the Schuylkill River for the Schuylkill Navigation Company.","Scope and Contents An enterprise for which T.B. is to advance the cash required on which he wants advice \"from a person in whom I place the utmost reliance.\"","Scope and Contents Signed by R. Shunke, Secy. Resolution to allow Moncure Robinson $2,250 per Annum.","Scope and Contents The iron rails and spikes used on the Chesterfield R. R.,  the former being ordered from Liverpool; and a discussion of the route of the Mount Carbon R.R.","Scope and Contents Affairs in Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Enquiring regarding the terms of Moncure Robinson for the laying out and superintending the building of 17 miles of railroad, double track, on the Little Schuylkill. Further regarding the contemplated railroad.","Scope and Contents Acknowledging receipt of a loan, and other financial matters; report of a visit to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Expressing hope that Moncure Robinson will return to Pennsylvania to pursue his engineering activities in that state.","Scope and Contents Defeat of railway appropriations in the Pennsylvania Legislation; Moncure Robinson was been appointed first Engineer of the Canal Commissioners and John Robinson hopes that he will accept.","Scope and Contents An offer of the position of Engineer to lay out a route for the railroad through the Allegheny Mountains, at the rate of $2,500 per annum.","Scope and Contents \"Report of the Engineer on the Survey of a Route of the Contemplated Rail-road from Petersburg to the Roanoke.\" Endorsed to Moncure Robinson, Esq., Hamburg, Berks Co.","Scope and Contents He returns a check given by Moncure Robinson to pay for a carriage given by W.M. to his sister, the mother of Conway Robinson and Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Having paid off all debts from the mercantile failures of his father and brother Cary, and having assisted Cary to start again in business in New York, he now wishes to hire an assistant for his father from his new salary of $4,000 per annum from the Chesterfield Railway.","Scope and Contents Recommends that a son of a friend be sent to \"West Point of some other first rate scientific institution;\" he is willing to take charge of the building of the Petersburg railway in Virginia, while still keeping his positions in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents His duties with the State of Pennsylvania and the Schuylkill R.R. and his elegant accomodations in a building built for him at Port Clinton by the R.R., with a servant, eight assistants, etc.; he encloses a check. His work with the Manchester and the Petersburg railroads, and with the Chesterfield R.R. as well as his duties in the Alleghenies as State Engineer; espresses interest in Eustace at West Point and offers to send Alfred to Yale, in both of which institutions he has friends on the faculty.","Scope and Contents An absurd plan of a certain colonel in a civil engineering project; and of the progress of Eustace, brother of Moncure Robinson, at the academy.","Scope and Contents He reminds his brother that he, Conway Robinson, is now in debt to his brothers to the amount of $17,000 and refuses any further advance.","Scope and Contents Asking for advice of Moncure Robinson, the consulting engineer, for the portage railroad over the Allegheny Mountains.","Scope and Contents His dispute with Col. Lay which very nearly ended in a duel. A planned visit to Richmond. Upon his return from the Richmond visit, he works on the location of the route of the Danville and Pottsville Railroad and the Little Schuylkill Rail Road.","Scope and Contents Family news, with reports of Eustace at West Point, Edwin, Cary, and Conway.","Scope and Contents A trip planned to the North by his brother, Conway, and sister, Jane.","Scope and Contents The visit of his brother, Conway, and his sisters on thier journey North; his plans to send his brother, Alfred, to the College of William and Mary in the Fall; encloses a check for his father.","Scope and Contents An ailment of Mr. Campbell.","Scope and Contents Expresses regret that he cannot attend the opening of the Little Schuylkill R.R., \"built under the direction of the first Master in the United States.\"","Scope and Contents Included is a copy of a letter from their brother, Cary, in New York, and the answer of Conway R. regarding the debts of Cary and need for more money for his mercantile enterprises in New York.","Scope and Contents Financial problems of Cary in New York and the school problems of Eustace at West Point Military Academy. The \"heavy blow\" that has fallen on the family, new notes written by Cary against his brother's account, and the troubles of Eustace; the interest of Moncure Robinson in a position on the New River R.R.","Scope and Contents His debts (letter copied off by Conway R. in his letter to Moncure R.). Cary Robinson to Conway Robinson. His deteriorating financial situation. Eustace, who is one of the 25 remaining of a class of 120 who entered West Point two years before, and Alfred at William \u0026 Mary.","Scope and Contents A strong letter written to Eustace, who must graduate from West Point if he wants a career as a Civil Engineer; and regarding the Danville \u0026 Pottsville Railroad.","Scope and Contents His pleasant life at William \u0026 Mary; his studies there; of students expelled; of a duel; and of the carrying of a horse to the second floor of the building.","Scope and Contents Listing the items of the family debt to $17,000 incurred by their brother Cary and plans for the joint repayment.","Scope and Contents The letter of Edwin and debts of Cary; news of the New River Railroad and of the James River Bill passed by the Virginia Legislature; news of brothers Alfred and Eustace.","Scope and Contents Requesting some money with which to buy cakes and pies for snacks at school.","Scope and Contents The troubles of their brother, Cary, of the Lynchburg and New River Railroad and the improvement of the James and Kanawha Rivers; of Saunders and John Page in politics; and of the public examination at the college.","Scope and Contents His plans to go to Sulphur Springs for his health, then on a trip with their sister, Jane; recommending the purchase of stock in the James River Scheme; of their sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents Reports of the college course; comment of the Cholera outbreak in Montreal, a threat to Northern cities in the U.S. * For a letter by Moncure Robinson of 7 October 1832, see addition to collection.","Scope and Contents Request for $500 for a trip to New Orleands made to brother Edwin, from which he has had no reply. His planned trip to New Orleads and need for funds to pay his debts in New York before he will be allowed to leave the city.","Scope and Contents Asking forgiveness if he has given offense; more regarding his planned trip to New Orleans.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Answers an enquiry regarding Charles A. Jacobs; tells of the French-speaking Creole society of the city, of the many deaths from fever and cholera, the theatres, duels, and the bi-lingual state legislature; reports his own lack of success in business.","Scope and Contents His interest in Miss Charlotte Taylor; and of the prospects for the career of their cousin, Wirt, who is with Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents The cholera epidemic in the city; and of his buying tobacco in the city.","Scope and Contents C.E., Jr. asks Moncure Robinson for a job, to no effect. (See letters of 25 - 30 September 1836, which very nearly led to a duel between C.E., Jr. and Moncure Robinson).","Scope and Contents Family news, concerning the mother and the other brothers and sisters: Alfred, Edwin, Octavia, Conway, Margaret, Cornelia, Moore, Anna Jane, and Cary, and of their country house, \"Poplar Vale\".","Scope and Contents The ill health of Moncure Robinson; plans to take his father, John Robinson, on a extended tour of Pennsylvania and New York.","Scope and Contents Recommends travel \"to expand the mind and to elevate it above prejudice.\"","Scope and Contents The health of Moncure Robinson, about which Conway Robinson is concerned; report that one fourth of the population of New Orleans has died to yellow fever and cholera; his business prospects in New Orleans.","Scope and Contents Signed by L.M. Bent, Clerk. Refusal of the Directors to accept the resignation of Moncure Robinson as Chief Engineer of the Rail Road Company.","Scope and Contents Horses and carriage.","Scope and Contents The Winchester and Potomac Railroad Company.","Scope and Contents Request of the Board of Directors of the WInchester and Potomac R.R. for Moncure Robinson to continue his services as Chief Engineer.","Scope and Contents His ill health, blisters to relieve his cough; and of a trip to Boston, financed by Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents Purchase of property in Virginia for a railroad; draft of letter to Thomas Green on the subject; suggestion that Alfred and Eustace be sent on a tour of Europe.","Scope and Contents Notifying Moncure Robinson of his election as principal engineer for the Lancaster and Portsmouth Rail Road.","Scope and Contents Plans to send Alfred to St. Augustine, Florida, for the winter, accompanied by their mother; prospect of marriage by Moncure Robinson * For letter by Moncure Robinson of 3 February 1835, see addition to collection.","Scope and Contents A leave of absence for the brother of Moncure Robinson, Eustace Robinson.","Scope and Contents Visit of brother Edwin; brother Eustace in the army, stationed at N.O.; the marriage of Moncure Robinson and the death of their brother Alfred, in St. Augustine, Florida.","Scope and Contents News of the suicide of Mr. Brown in Philadelphia; personal news and family news of Octavia, sister of Moncure Robinson, and Wirt Robinson, cousin of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents The sickness of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Personal news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents A request that Moncure Robinson visit the N.Y. and Erie R.R.","Scope and Contents Personal news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Announces the birth of his son, John Moncure.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents $120,000 to be paid by the P.W. R.R. Moncure Robinson to Conway Robinson. Requests for the services of Moncure Robinson by the City Point \u0026 Petersburg Railroad, the Blacksford \u0026 Fredericksburg Line, and the Winchester \u0026 Staunton route; and of their \"speculations.\" Purchase of stock in the Fredericksburg R.R. in the Swan Tavern Speculation, and in the Bermuda Hundred purchase.","Scope and Contents Acknowledgement of the receipt of a book sent by Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents A railroad to be built along the James River, and one from Richmond to Petersburg, as being before the Virginia Legislature, as well as other railroads in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Acceptance by directors of the Gaston \u0026 Raleigh Rail Road of proposition by Moncure Robinson for a salary of $3000.00 per annum as Consulting Engineer for the line.","Scope and Contents The buying and selling of stocks in railroads and of other investments; the organizational meeting of the Petersburg and Richmond Co.","Scope and Contents The scarcity of money and the favorable situation for \"our object of securing a majority of the stock (of the Petersburg R.R.) in the hands of our friends.\" Dishes sent to his sister; and some comments about the control of a \"Board\" (probably of a railway). Illness of \"our little Charley\" and his plans to come to Richmond for a railroad meeting.","Scope and Contents The purchase of the \"Bermuda Hundred\" and surrounding lands.","Scope and Contents Congratulates his brother on his engagement to Miss Leigh; plans for nuptials of Conway, Edwin and Jane.","Scope and Contents His disappointments in publishing and in receiving his pay check from a New York newspaper.","Scope and Contents Moves of Moncure Robinson to get a mail contract, now being held by a steamboat line; comments on details of railway cars.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for the financial help from Moncure Robinson; reactions to France, \"the French...are a despicable race...But a French woman is a delightful creature.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; comment on \"the baby.\"","Scope and Contents Advice upon starting at Peugnet's School in New York.","Scope and Contents The affair between Moncure Robinson and Mr. Ellet, which threatened to come to a head in a duel.","Scope and Contents The school of Moore Robinson in New York and social matters in Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Challenges and acceptances exchanged between Moncure Robinson and C. Ellett and P.S.G. Cocke for duels which were amicably settled by their friends. (See two letters of June-July 1833, in which C. Ellett applied to Moncure Robinson for a job, which was not forthcoming.)","Scope and Contents Report of the dismissal of Charles Ellett, Jr. from the New York and Erie Railroad Company in July 1835, and the reasons for it.","Scope and Contents Family news; Moncure Robinson is to sail for Europe; sister Anna Jane is married.","Scope and Contents Congratulations on the amicable settlement of the threatened duel.","Scope and Contents Family news, including \"Your cousin John R. is gone to William \u0026 Mary College, which has opened this season with much finer prospects than usual.\"","Scope and Contents The six months that Moncure Robinson is to be away; news of business uncertainty in the country; family and social news.","Scope and Contents Trouble on the Winchester Railroad; the war with the Indians; and Bonaparte's war in Europe; family news.","Scope and Contents Poblems with the Richmond, Fredericksburg, and Petersburg Railroad, a day and a half late on the run from Fredericksburg to Richmond and other similar lost schedules, need for more engines, etc.","Scope and Contents Written the day after her Ball; she gives a list of the chief guests.","Scope and Contents Lists the many complaints regarding \"our Rail Road concern\" made by passengers from the South; engines out of order, no wood or water for engines, road badly built, etc.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents includes letter from Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson Family news; congratulations on the success of Moncure Robinson in England in \"obtaining a million\" there.","Scope and Contents Disturbed by reports sent by Conway Robinson of the Richmond and Fredericksburg Rail Road; he reports that new engines are being made and sent from England; need for a \"locomotive engine manufactory\" in Richmond; attempt to enlist engineers and mechanics in England for the Richmond road; other railway matters.","Scope and Contents A recent severe illness; Conway Robinson talks of giving up the presidency of the railroad, due to the trouble he has had; and of a dress and bonnet from Paris. Charlotte Robinson to Moncure Robinson, London. The baby and the expected return of Moncure Robinson in March. Has received no letter since December 25; news of Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents The effect of the cold Northern climate on Moncure Robinson at his school in New York; family news.","Scope and Contents Advice to the brother in school; plans to leave there at the end of April, arriving in the U.S. in June.","Scope and Contents Reports that Moncure R. has arrived in England after a 16 day passage; news of other members of the family.","Scope and Contents Includes a letter from his sister, Margaret Robinson. Included is a poem from A.C.R.","Scope and Contents Her plans to give a ball; and her pride in his success in London (in raising money for railroads).","Scope and Contents The recent ball given by Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson; congratulations on the success of his mission to England.","Scope and Contents Enclosing a check for pocket money; news of the scattered family.","Scope and Contents Advice regarding the hardships necessarily experienced at school; he is employed now on the Lake Michigan and Illinois Canal.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Expressed delight at the success of Moncure Robinson in raising investment capital in England; notes that a new engine has been received by the R.R.; his purchase of the R.R. stock.","Scope and Contents A request for the advice regardnig methods, costs, etc., for \"They are aware that the extension of the Railway System has been carried further in the United States than in any other country.\"","Scope and Contents The arrival of Mr. Robinson; scheduling of a meeting and a dinner with a few railroad engineers to meet Mr. R. In French","Scope and Contents Recommends that he vote for Mr. Sheppard as President of the Railroad, rather than Hopkins; family news.","Scope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to sell stock in England, on which is he allowed 2 1/2 percent commission. 2 copies.","Scope and Contents Trouble with Negroes on the plantation and the problem raised by the idea that they have, \"that Miss Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) says they are not to be whipped.\"","Scope and Contents Included is a note from their father, John Robinson. Little sister Fan; visit of Moncure R. to New York; other family news.","Scope and Contents Farm affairs and especially the oversight of the Negroes there.","Scope and Contents Plans to send his brother to William and Mary in the fall term, where he can get all the necessary courses in two years.","Scope and Contents Requesting the signature of Moncure Robinson on several notes for $5,000 each, as part of a liquidation of his business.","Scope and Contents A communication for Pres. Dew enclosing a resolution of the Board of Visitors of the College \"for preventing the students from purchasing articles on credit\" in Williamsburg.","Scope and Contents Her return to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Requesting more financial support for his business houses in Richmond and Baltimore; reports the marriage of their sister, Octavia.","Scope and Contents The sending of half a barrel of apples via an oysterman.","Scope and Contents The sale of some woodlands adjoining the plantation; and other business matters.","Scope and Contents Authorizing Moncure Robinson to contract for a loan for the R.R.","Scope and Contents Railroad and other business. Conway Robinson to Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia. Affairs of the Richmond and Petersburg R. R. and of state assistance.","Scope and Contents News of the \"family circle.\"","Scope and Contents Advice given by Moncure Robinson and W.R. regarding the continuation of the railroad lines.","Scope and Contents Farm business, profits from crops, and drafts for payments.","Scope and Contents Family news with a postscript by \"your cousin, Virginia...Miss B.T.\"","Scope and Contents Business of the railroad, including an accident involving Mr. Brown on H. Street, Richmond.","Scope and Contents Advice, socially and financially; mention of Prof. Saunders and Prof. Millington of the faculty of W \u0026 M. Plans for Moore to leave the College at the end of the current session to start work; a recent assault on Moncure by Waller; advice regarding the circumstances in which a gentleman must offer a challenge and disqualification for state office of anyone involved in a duel.","Scope and Contents Financial matters and the current depression in prices for farm products.","Scope and Contents Destruction in the Harvard Chapel and bank scandals in Boston.","Scope and Contents Social and family affairs; Moncure is with them in Richmond for a short visit.","Scope and Contents Disappointment expressed by the acquittal of Waller, who had attacked Moncure Robinson in Richmond; railroad business and need of more engines from England.","Scope and Contents Announcing the birth of a second son, at which their mother had been present.","Scope and Contents Advice and family news.","Scope and Contents Waller case; railroad business and need for more engines.","Scope and Contents Edmund Randolph Robinson, new son of Moncure Robinson; other family news.","Scope and Contents Connections of the railroad with the steamboats; influence to be exerted on the new railroad lines in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Through tickets to Baltimore and New York, via the Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for advice given by Moncure Robinson regarding railroad construction and the use of engines in America; acknowledgment of his offer to assist th enew company in any way, even by a trip to the continent if required.","Scope and Contents Need for new rails; negotiations for notes on through tickets from New Orleans to New York. Enclosure: telegram from S.L. Fremont, Wilmington, NC, to Moncure Robinson regarding through tickets.","Scope and Contents Letter received from \"a small stockholder\"; suggests newspaper articles on the Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R. and the Raleigh \u0026 Eastern R.R. which \"would aid materially the sale of our bonds in England.\" Enclosure: \"A small stockholder,\" Richmond, to Elihu Chauncey, Philadelphia (1838 April 24). Complaint about the management of stock in the hands of Moncure Robinson; and the high salaries paid to the President and his assistants.","Scope and Contents William A. Bradley as author of anonymous letter; newspaper article; railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents Social and family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Buying of stock in the Winchester \u0026 Potomac R.R.; receipts of $10,000 in June on R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; competing activity of the Louisa Line. Copy of letter from Jos. M. Sheppard regarding coal company which Moncure Robinson is forming.","Scope and Contents Manipulation of railways on the route to Washington and New York; selling to tickets in N. Y. . Enclosure: article \"Is Virginia a Repudiating State,\" written by Moncure Robinson for insertion by E.R. in the Virginia Papers. The guarantee by the State that the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R. would have no competitors on the Richmond-Washington route.","Scope and Contents A meeting to be held in Baltimore; Moore R. is leaving the springs. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Conway Robinson, Halifax Ct. House, Va. The resignation of Conway Robinson as (President of the R.R.) and of his successor, Marx or Hopkins, and of the way that the election should be controlled.","Scope and Contents Through tickets and competition of Jackson in New York, where a \"battle of handbills\" is being waged; purchase of the Potomac Steamship Co.","Scope and Contents Instructs him to take an extended journey by horseback, to visit relatives and improve his health; his brothers will decide later whether Moore is to study medicine.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; investment of Moncure Robinson in the Reading Railroad; Charlotte Robinson has again forbidden the overseer, Jenkins, to whip any of the Negroes.","Scope and Contents Land in Illinois held under a soldier's right which would bring a profit of $5,000.","Scope and Contents Purchase of steamboat companies; competition with the Gordonsville R.R.; buying into the Baltimore \u0026 Potomac R.R.; letters ot the papers on R.R. problems.","Scope and Contents Negotiations for through tickets; plans to go to court on the matter of Virginia's original charter to the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; great grief at the death of wife of Edwin Robinson; offer to take the two daughters.","Scope and Contents Purchase of Turnpike stock; through tickets on Railroadand other Railroad business.","Scope and Contents Decision by his brother that Moore is to study medicine and his objection to it; other family news.","Scope and Contents Purchase from the Biddles, and other investments.","Scope and Contents Social letter mentioning Latrade, Strickland, and Mrs. Taylor, mother-in-law of Moncure Robinson; the policies of Van Buren; the reception of Lord Durham in N. Y. . In French. Mentions Guy Lussac; John, son of Moncure Robinson; and Moore, brother of Moncure Robinson; discusses political situation in N. Y. In French.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Publication of a pamphlet in R.R. competition; problems with Peter Daniel of Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R., Sanford, and Felton; R.R. conferences at Chatanooga; control of stock of the Seaboard \u0026 Roanoke R.R.; problems of through tickets.","Scope and Contents The election of Dr. Sheppard as President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; Moncure Robinson to be chief engineer of the Brunswick \u0026 Florida R.R. in Georgia; purchase of property in Richmond; building of the Southwestern R.R.","Scope and Contents His plan to study medicine; other family news.","Scope and Contents Requesting Moncure Robinson to make a statement to support the claims of the children of Robert Fulton, then pending before Congress.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Daniel, Joynes, Jackson, and Fremont on through tickets; purchase of bridge and turnpike in Baltimore.","Scope and Contents Through tickets; Felton of the Baltimore and Ohio R.R.; article by Daniel.","Scope and Contents News concerning the wife of Moncure Robinson, his two children, John Moncure nd Edmund, his brother, Moore, and a nephew of Susan B. Taylor; Peter Daniel; newspaper article quoted which derided the James River Company.","Scope and Contents Sent with a watch; family news.","Scope and Contents Social news.","Scope and Contents Pamphlet and newspaper articles; opinions of Daniel, Felton, Sanford, and Tyler in through ticket negotiations.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Receipts of the Potomac Steamship Co., negotiations with the Board of Public works; baggage checked through.","Scope and Contents Railroad business which is not clear from this one letter.","Scope and Contents The death of a grandson, and other family affairs.","Scope and Contents Can hardly leave the city to visit home for fear of being arrested by some of his creditors.","Scope and Contents Cost of through tickets; New York ticket office; purchase of rails for the R.R.; dividend return of 3 1/2 percent.","Scope and Contents Plans made by him and Conway Robinson \"not to breathe this to anyone\"; expenditures made to kept the equipment up to the increasing business. (Sheppard was President of the Richmond, Fredericksburg and Potomac R.R.)","Scope and Contents Rails for the road; other railroad business.","Scope and Contents A position under Moncure Robinson for Eston, son of Randolph Harrison.","Scope and Contents Proposal to accompany the father of Moncure Robinson on a visit to Philadelphia; other social news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Possibility of selling \"Elmington\" and \"Ballston\" plantations; family news.","Scope and Contents Results of the Railroad Convention at Washington; negotiations for mail contracts; competition of steamboats from Baltimore to Richmond; through ticket negotiations.","Scope and Contents Social news from Boston.","Scope and Contents .","Scope and Contents Reporting the exchange of bonds payable in London for domestic seven percent bonds.","Scope and Contents Mention of Mrs. Edwin Robinson (second wife), and other social news.","Scope and Contents Things have not gone well with him and he is unable to make the payment on his debt to Moncure Robinson that Moncure Robinson has requested; the opportunity for their brother, Moore, to practice medicine in New Orleans.","Scope and Contents Report on the completion of the rail road route between Brunswick and Chatahoochie.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents News that the Philadelphia banks \"are suspending specie payments.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; brother Eustace has returned home from the West and recommends that Moore practice medicine in the West.","Scope and Contents \"You and the officers of the Railroad company must manage the affairs. I must stick to the law. . .gradually diminish my debts\"; lot in Richmond purchased with a loan from Moncure Robinson Enclosed a form of receipt to be signed by Moncure Robinson (not signed).","Scope and Contents The purchaser of \"Poplar Vale,\" the Robinson country house, agrees to execute notes to Moncure Robinson who is anxious to raise some money; \"the banks are doing very little.\"","Scope and Contents Expressing hope that Eustace has left Richmond for Washington in order to speed his recovery.","Scope and Contents The possible sale of \"Elmington.\"","Scope and Contents Stockholder's meeting of the railroad; need to borrow $25,000 to pay the running expenses of the road; suggestion that he, Conway Robinson, resign from the Board of Directors and that Moncure Robinson become the President of both Richmond \u0026 Petersburg and Richmond \u0026 Fredericksburg R.R. Co's.","Scope and Contents Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) and \"her sweet children.\"","Scope and Contents The collection of notes due Moncure Robinson","Scope and Contents The Winchester \u0026 Potomac R.R. Co. and an application to Congress for an increase in mail pay.","Scope and Contents Her children, Agnes and Philip and her nephew, Conway; other family news. Octave (Octavia Robinson Haxall), Richmond, to Moore Robinson, Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Difficulties in getting a translation of Chevalier's work published in New York.","Scope and Contents Offer to accept the situation proposed by Moncure Robinson; has letters of recommendation to show to Mr. Byrd, President of the Company.","Scope and Contents Bills before the state legislature concerning the extension of railroads in Pennsylvania.","Scope and Contents His application to Mr. Bird, President of the Petersburg \u0026 Roanoke Railroad Co., for a position as his assistant. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to Henry D. Bird, President Petersburg R.R. Co., Petersburg, Va. Enclosed in letter to Eustace Robinson with a recommendation.","Scope and Contents The railroad bill which is before the state legislature; the visit of Mr. Clay to Richmond; letter of resignation to be presented by Joseph M. Sheppard.","Scope and Contents Notifying him of his election of the Richmond, Fredericksburg \u0026 Potomac Railroad Co., resignation of Conway Robinson and appointment of Joseph M. Sheppard in his place. Included on same sheet: notification of the election of Moncure Robinson to be President of the Railroad; signed by Hilary Baker, Clerk.","Scope and Contents A bill before the State Legislature for the building of a railroad from Pottsville to Tuscarora, with an amendment by Andrew B. White that the Philadelphia \u0026 Reading R.R. Co. be authorized to build the same.","Scope and Contents Returning an offensive letter, Eustace Robinson asks \" the termination of all intercourse hereafter.\"","Scope and Contents Appreciation for hospitality during his sojourn in America. In French.","Scope and Contents Requesting information on some problems connected with a railroad from Halle to Cologne, noting that Mocure Robinson \"would not be unwilling to undertake the construction of the railroad.\"","Scope and Contents Trouble with Dr. Cocke and notices from the Farmers and Merchants Bank of notes of Moncure Robinson coming due.","Scope and Contents Social letter, mentioning Guy Lussac, Malexieux, Latrade, Colonel Melnikoff. In French.","Scope and Contents Further questions from the Postmaster General in Berlin concerning American railroads.","Scope and Contents Brief note.","Scope and Contents Documents from France that M. Chevalier has asked him to deliver to Moncure Robinson. In French.","Scope and Contents The health of Moore and a visit to \"Elmington.\"","Scope and Contents Family news; Charlotte (Mrs. Moncure Robinson) is to spend the winter with them.","Scope and Contents Instructions to Moore Concerning his movements with a check for $20.00.","Scope and Contents Place of Moore Robinson in the hospital; wagers on the Presidential election; Whig Rally on Bunker Hill with Webster speaking; the Phi Beta Kappa dinner at Harvard.","Scope and Contents The recovery of Moore Robinson from an eye injury.","Scope and Contents The accident, injuring the eye of Moore Robinson.","Scope and Contents Sympathy for the loss of an eye in an accident.","Scope and Contents Reporting that news has just reached Richmond of the death of the President; and family news.","Scope and Contents News of small pox in Philadelphia; family news. Her reading while ill; family news.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family news; greetings to his two grandsons, children of Moore Robinson.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents Family affairs.","Scope and Contents Expresses concern for the health of his brother.","Scope and Contents Family news.","Scope and Contents More hopeful about his health; interested in the possibility of an appointment to the hospital.","Scope and Contents Family affairs; with a letter of 1 March 1841.","Scope and Contents Advice on way to achieve an appointment at the hospital.","Scope and Contents The failure of the Girard Bank in Philadelphia; family news.","Scope and Contents Appointing them commissioners to determine the advisability of expanding the Brooklyn Navy Yard.","Scope and Contents The letter is sent by Moncure Robinson, as Moore is sailing for Europe; news about the family at \"Poplar Vale\" and elsewhere.","Scope and Contents Reports of a trip through Europe.","Scope and Contents Recommends Moncure Robinson as a consulting engineer for railroad construction in the Austrian Empire. In French, with translation.","Scope and Contents Leaving \"Dogwood\" House to his son, Eustace, who is occupying same, \"Poplar Vales\" to his son-in-law, John N. Shields, the remainder of the estate to be administered by his sons, Moncure and Conway for the benefit of all the family.","Scope and Contents Expressing opposition to the purchase of a house in Philadelphia, which she considers a \"comfortless, gloomy place.\"","Scope and Contents Desire of Moncure Robinson for Mrs. S.B. Taylor to be with them.","Scope and Contents Her respect for her father; family news.","Scope and Contents Their long friendship.","Scope and Contents The slow recovery of Charlotte, wife of Moncure Robinson, from a severe illness.","Scope and Contents Asking the opinion of Moncure Robinson on \"the proposed Rail Road from Harrisburg to Pittsburg, as a means of connecting Philadelphia with the Valley of the Mississippi.\"","Scope and Contents The illness of her mother and herself, and her children who are being cared for by Cornelia Robinson.","Scope and Contents Trouble with Bird about through tickets and Fontaine on Louisa Railroads connections; Moncure Robinson will agree only to rent telegraph wires erected by the R.R., or work them in shares with Mr. Kendall's company.","Scope and Contents Urges Edwin Robinson to influence the Governor, Board of Public Works, and legislators against supporting the telegraph lines of Kendall; opposing influence of Bird in Petersburg; against election of Wickham to the Railroad Board of Directors; proxies for stockholders meeting; 3 1/2 percent dividend; Mr. Sharp supervising Railroad rolling stock; all negotiations fro through ticket notes to be handled by Moncure Robinson; article by Moncure Robinson on telegraph in Railroad Journal.","Scope and Contents Mount Vernon Line and the River and Bay Line Steamboat Companies, as opposed to the Piney Point Line of Moncure Robinson, opposing election of Wickham to Railroad Directors, enclosing letter \"to the editors of The Whig\" opposing a steamboat race.","Scope and Contents Negotiations for mail control renewals, with refusal to take Virginia local mail unless through mail also on their railroad; machinations of Kendall; through ticket negotiations; relations with soon to be opened Louisa Line, the Portsmouth Road and Bird; instructs Edwin Robinson to charge double for corpses and encloses the copy for an advertisement of the Railroad; \"am so anxious for the success of your administration that I suggest ... everything that comes in my mind.\"","Scope and Contents Opposing Bird; reducing the fare on the Piney Point line to meet the fare on the Bay Line; Railroad financing negotiations with Fontaine and \"Old Cove.\"","Scope and Contents Mail controls, with threat that the \"mail would be thrown off the road,\" rates for through tickets; purchase of a steamboat; affairs of the Daville Railroad. Gen. MacRae and through tickets; mail contract; purchase of a steamboat.","Scope and Contents Plans for a visit to Richmond to see the Governor and Henshaw; articles to be inserted in the Richmond papers; the health of Charlotte, his wife.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts and problems with the papers of Richmond and the Pennsylvanian and Ledger in Philadelphia; the ill health of his sons, John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Included a resolution to be presented to the Senate. Competition with stages and steamboats in conveying the mail \"we have only to be firm...and the mail must come to us,\" the opposition of \"Old Cove, Mayo Co.,\" plans to prepare a bill to be presented by Goggin.","Scope and Contents Social affairs.","Scope and Contents Financial matters; family affairs, providing money for the family.","Scope and Contents The death of a child and the expected birth of another.","Scope and Contents The birth of a fourth son Moncure Robinson and \"recent affliction\" (death of a daughter); affairs of the steamboat company; through ticket notes.","Scope and Contents Stockholders; the bill before Congress; and family affairs.","Scope and Contents Payment on bonds. J.C.R. Taylor, Jefferson County, Charlestown, W. Va., to Moncure Robinson. More payments.","Scope and Contents Purchase of Bay Stock; opposition to Bird; visit of his son Edmund to the grandparent in Richmond.","Scope and Contents A visit from Edmund, son of Moncure Robinson; family news.","Scope and Contents Railroad business and details of running the road.","Scope and Contents Arrangements for through tickets between New York or Philadelphia and Charleston, S. C.","Scope and Contents Complaining about troubles in remodelling an old house that they have bought. Written while on a visit to her brother's house. Jane Randolph, a cousin.","Scope and Contents A servant, Joshua, who is working to buy his freedom.","Scope and Contents A letter to Governor Smith; difficulties with Bird; affairs before the Virginia Legislature that Moncure Robinson is attempting to influence.","Scope and Contents Illness of their mother, Mrs. Agnes Robinson, with contents of her will copied in the letters.","Scope and Contents Improved health of Mrs. Agnes Robinson, matters of Moncure Robinson; affairs of Public Works; \"Bird...is plainly convicted, not only of duplicity, but of actual falsehood.\"","Scope and Contents Her youngest son, Conway; social news.","Scope and Contents An interview with the new Post Master General. Mail pay to the railroad line; the steamboat lines are able to pay a 14 percent dividend; Affairs of the stockholders, advice that Edwin close out his mercantile house and devote full time to position of President of the Railroad.","Scope and Contents The railroad rates for freight and passengers; mail contracts; railroad finances.","Scope and Contents The support of a program of plank road building in Virginia.","Scope and Contents Repairs to a ship, Georgia.","Issuing of additional stock; stock manipulation on appeal of legal case.","Scope and Contents Railroad stock prices and sales.","Scope and Contents Family news. Their sons, John and Eddy.","Scope and Contents Activity to influence the Virginia State Legislature; defeat of Fontaine in action taken there; enclosing copy of a bill to be presented to the legislature.","Scope and Contents A ticket exchange. Forwarded to Edwin Robinson with instructions to sell some of the stock of Moncure Robinson \"who has little else\" in the way of railroadstock.","Scope and Contents A portrait of Moncure Robinson by Sully and one of his wife; draft of an article written against a bill to make a loan to the Louisa Co.; a bill incorporating the Chesapeake Steamship Co.; settlement of an insurance claim; stock sales by Prof. Tucker; special trains, return tickets, steamboat schedules; introducing Mr. Mariani, an Italian.","Scope and Contents Quotation of stock prices in the papers in competition with the Louisa Line; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for not agreeing with Moncure Robinson on stock manipulation; railroad expenses and need for economy; expressing concern for the health of their father.","Scope and Contents Purchase of rails in England for extending the railroad from Richmond to the junction; increase in price of the railroad stock and attempt to keep down price of Fontaine's stock; competition of steamship line of Moncure Robinson with the B. \u0026 O. R.R.","Scope and Contents Purchases of iron for rails and other railroad business; instructions to Worthington, agent for steamboat freight; stock owned by Moncure Robinson under other names; the health of his wife, Charlotte.","Scope and Contents Attempts to bring down the price of Fontaine's stocks; regrets at the dismissal of an employer by Edwin Robinson; threatened resignation of Captain McCausland of the Piney Point Line; opposition to \"the Alexandria Bill\" in Washginton.","Scope and Contents An attempt to hold up the extension of the Louisa Road until after Supreme Court decision, and \"to keep it in a crippled condition\"; the railroad stock of Moncure Robinson increasing in value; an article recommending a plank road from Richmond to Staunton.","Scope and Contents Acknowledgement of donations of two volumes to the library by Conway Robinson.","Scope and Contents Sale of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock by Chauncey at 98; hope to retard extension of Louisa Line at meeting of their stockholders; collecting proxies for Richmond and Petersburg R.R. meeting; competing with Rives, Bolling and Bird.","Scope and Contents Return of Charlotte from a trip to Richmond; move to influence the North Carolina Legislature for a railroad to connect with Danville, Va.; the best route from Richmond to the Ohio; the plank road to Charlottesville.","Scope and Contents Pressure of Louisa Line, includes a memorial to the Legislature to be signed by \"residents of Charlottesville etc.\"; sends Edwin Robinson explicit instructions. His reply to Rives.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. on through tickets to N. Y. ; claims of the Louisa Co. (Central R.R.) and suit against the insurance company; draft of a bill for the Virginia Legislature; newspaper reports to hurt value of Central R.R. stocks.","Scope and Contents Letter received from Dr. Collins, which he encloses. William Collins, Portsmouth, to Charles W. Falls. The building of a railroad line from the Carolina border; and some problems with W. Rives.","Scope and Contents Requesting her brother to come to act in her father's place to \"give her away\" in marriage. Cornelia Robinson to Moncure Robinson. The marriage to Mr. Cunningham; and the checks sent by Moncure Robinson, one of which is returned.","Scope and Contents Battle with Fontaine of the Louisa R.R., hoping to bring it to bankruptcy, but fear that it will win in the Virginia Legislature; court troubles; negotiations with Parker.","Scope and Contents An invitation to a Wistar party.","Scope and Contents Stockholders meeting held at Norfolk; issuing of bonds; building of two new boats.","Scope and Contents Recommending economics in running the R.R.; opposition to Bird and Fontaine, \"no prospect of rest from Fontaine until U. S. ? road gets into a delapidated condition\"; schedules for connecting trains in Washington, D.C.; introducing Julius Contin, a representative of the French Government who is making a study of railroads in America.","Scope and Contents Prices for tickets over the R.R. of Moncure Robinson; printed page of \"A Catalogue of Routes, Places, Time and Rates of Fares from Boston.\"","Scope and Contents Traveling with his mother (father has died), and death of daughter of his brother, Conway; negotiating mail contracts with Post Master General Dundas; Piney Point Line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed.","Scope and Contents A defense of his regimes as President of the railroad; and complaint of the manner and attitude of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Fontaine of Central R.R., Parker of the B. \u0026 O., and the Alexandria and Fredericksburg R.R. and Gordonsville Road; selling of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock and purchase of N.Y. \u0026 Erie R.R. stock.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents An inquiry concerning John Moncure; including a power of attorney; hoping for a visit from his sister Charlotte and the rest of the family.","Scope and Contents John, son of Moncure Robinson, advising that he be allowed to pursue a scientific direction rather than a classical one in his studies.","Scope and Contents Success of an application by his son John to VMI and the distress caused by this to his wife Charlotte; settlement with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. on through tickets; mail contracts still pending.","Scope and Contents Sent with a printed pamphlet autobiography. Draft of a reply of Moncure Robinson to Pierce Butler. Sympathetic with his problems.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Payment on a note from Moncure Robinson; family affairs.","Scope and Contents Social news; report of tight money in Boston, \"the cause is no doubt this wicked tariff.\"","Scope and Contents He has taken John, son of Moncure Robinson, to the Va. Military Institute.","Scope and Contents Finances of the railroad line and purchase of more rails; attempts to undermine newspaper support of Central railroad line west of Richmond; shipment of claret wine for friends and for use on Washington and Fredericksburg steamboat line.","Scope and Contents Need for the purchases of more rails, \"the old portion of our road is breaking up rapidly.\"","Scope and Contents Notice to yield possession of a house he is renting from Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Railroad. Details of tickets, routes, etc.","Scope and Contents Draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to write to Gen. MacRae concerning through baggage; the business of the Bay Line negotiations with Parker Falls and Dundas; trip with his wife, Charlotte, to visit their son, John, at VMI.","Scope and Contents Best route to Lexington via train or other conveyance.","Scope and Contents Sent to Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Cordial social letter.","Scope and Contents A meeting of the railroad presidents called by the Post Master General; transport of passengers and baggage in Washington, D.C.; schedules to the south; need for an ice boat; Fontaine seeking a loan of $200,000 for his R.R., \"we ought to put some blocks in the way of it.\"","Scope and Contents Through tickets, ice boat, profits of the Piney Point Line, buying railroad stock; negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. and Fontaine of the Central R.R. (Louisa Line).","Scope and Contents Mail contracts, through tickets; transfer of passengers in Washington; Capt. Macausland of the Steamboat Line and Gen. MacRae of a competing R.R.","Scope and Contents Railroad financing and the Piney Point Line with newspaper advertisement enclosed.","Scope and Contents The Petersburg and Richmond railroad bill before the Virginia legislature; expenses of the railroad cutting profits; trouble with Geo. Mattingly.","Scope and Contents Trouble made by Falls; attempt to rouse the Petersburg people against him; manipulation of stocks.","Scope and Contents Negotiations with Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. for through tickets; the Ice Boat Bill; the Louisa Case before the courts; Fontaine, Bird, and MacRae. Family affairs--death of their sister, Cornelia; a box of clothes sent to John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI.","Scope and Contents Employees of the steamboat line with letter from Geo. Mattingly enclosed; trouble with Falls of the Bay Line.","Scope and Contents Visit with John, son of Moncure Robinson, at VMI; defeat of Ice Boat Bill; bills before legislature of N. Carolina and S. Carolina; trouble with Falls about through tickets.","Scope and Contents Steamboat schedules from Richmond; attempt to buy Seaboard of Roanoke stock at a depressed price; reprimanding Edwin Robinson for changing railroad schedules; a resolution to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; Edwin Robinson is running for the Virginia State.","Scope and Contents Signed by J.H. Smith, Superintendant.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for \"kind favors\"; but still thinks that he is entitled to redress in the suit against the railroad.","Scope and Contents Urging passing of a resolution which will corner Alexandria trader for the Piney Point Line; enclosing copy from William Parker, stating that B. \u0026 O. R.R. will return to old arrangement on through tickets; the R.F. \u0026 P. stockholders to control Falls; through tickets from the south and connections at Alexandria.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; government ice boat on the Potomac; negotiations with MacRae, Falls, and the Lynchburg \u0026 Tenn. R.R.; problems with employees Sharp and Macausland opposing increase in salaries with enclosed letter from L.H. Minor supporting increase in salaries; urges work to pass Richmond and Petersburg R.R. line with draft of letter for Edwin Robinson to send.","Scope and Contents E. Caylus has suggested to Ch. Sedgewick that Moncure Robinson be asked to be director of the \"Universal Exposition\" planned for New York, and has been empowered to ask confidentially whether he will accept the position. Endorsement refers to it as \"International Mining Engineers Exposition.\"","Scope and Contents Request for a meeting to iron out problems.","Scope and Contents Regrets that Moncure Robinson is not interested in the position of Director of the New York Exposition. He is embarking on a wine importing business for which he seeks some capital from Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Instructions to Capt. Macausland of the steamboat and steamboat expenses; passage of Ice Boat Bill in the Senate; schedule changes by Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R.","Scope and Contents The demerits received by his son, John.","Scope and Contents The Directors for the new Richmond and Petersburg R.R.; bills before the Virginia Legislature; opposition of Rives.","Scope and Contents Examination of his John, before the Board of Visitors, and the risks of his dismissal.","Scope and Contents Reduced fares on through tickets; the organization of the Potomac and Bay Steamship Company.","Scope and Contents Regrets at not being able to attend a \"symposium.\"","Scope and Contents Introducing Samuel Keifer, Chief Engineer of the Board of Public Works in Canada.","Scope and Contents Expressing his willingness to accept a position on the condition that \"its duties will be discharged by me independently, according to my conscientious convictions.\"","Scope and Contents Trouble with Parker on  arrangments for through tickets.","Scope and Contents Which are to be continued despite Parker; a recent railroad accident; problems of employees Macausland and Sharp; details of steamboat line management.","Scope and Contents Salary of Moncure Robinson as Pres. of the W. \u0026 F. Steamboat Col; details of management; seeking control of the Bay and Seaboard Route and the Seaboard and Roanoke Line.","Scope and Contents Enclosed with an article that he sends.","Scope and Contents A planned visit of her son Edmund.","Scope and Contents Secret purchases of stock to gain control of Bay Line and \"S. \u0026 R.\"; reprimands Edwin Robinson on his negotiations for through tickets; trouble with Parker; mention on Peter Daniel, new president of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents His visit to England and on friends of Moncure Robinson; visit to Eton College with description of the whipping stool; description of Hampton Court. Notes the election of Peter Daniel as president of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stock.","Scope and Contents Richmond \u0026 Petersburg R.R. in relation to the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; more trouble with Falls in connection with Seaboard and Bay stock; stock purchases by Prof. Tucker and Mr. Haxall; mail contracts; telegraph line; through tickets; John at Cambridge (Harvard University).","Scope and Contents Problems with Falls and Parker; baggage handling; Rogers and a new telegraph line.","Scope and Contents The cornering of stocks; problems with McHaffey.","Scope and Contents Printing of hand bills and advertisements.","Scope and Contents Payment on a note to Moncure Robinson and plans to move.","Scope and Contents Financial reports; passenger complaints on fares charged on the boats; mail connections; \"contemptible course of Falls in his effort to monopolize through travel.\"","Scope and Contents News that Conway Robinson sailed from Europe--expected in New York on October 11; news of other members of the Robinson family.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stocks and real estate; reports that travel has never been so good on the line as it has been this season.","Scope and Contents Purchase of stock; note owned by Caylus.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Loss (death of a child ?) sustained by Moncure Robinson and his wife Charlotte; accounts and schedules of the R.R.","Scope and Contents Accounts; a mail bill before Congress which would reduce payments to the railroads.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Schedules of steamboats; Capt. Macausland and Worthington; extension of Balto. \u0026 Wash. R.R. to the river; through tickets; stock sale; Daniel, Pres. of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Mr. Daniel and negotiations with Mr. Falls.","Scope and Contents Connecting trains and boats with enclosure from H.D. Bird and telegram from J.F. Simmons, Welden, to H.D. Bird; advice to Edwin Robinson on running the schedules; difficulty with Macausland; reason for Moncure Robinson's lack of confidence in Edwin Robinson.","Scope and Contents Railroad stocks and a meeting in Baltimore.","Scope and Contents Professional duties and high fees paid by Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Steamboat schedules; extension of the Washington road to the Potomac; insurance on the boats; opposition to the Central R.R.; Capt. Peck appointed for the line, but to be kept secret until after the Baltimore meeting. .","Scope and Contents Iron for rails for extension of the R.R. past the Junction; collection of tickets on trains and boats; countermanding decisions of Edwin Robinson; supporting Worthington; extension of the Washington Line to the Potomac; railroad investments and dividends.","Scope and Contents Price for transporting flour on the boats; competition of agents in Alexandria; uniformity of freight rates.","Scope and Contents Support for Capt. Peck against Mattingly; income of steam boat company reduced \"owing to the times throughout the country\"; strictest economy being observed.","Scope and Contents Lack of cost kept by Edwin Robinson for railroad iron; financial affairs of the Bay Co., Line; negotiations for Savage to buy out Falls; instructions for Bragg to get detailed instructions from Moncure Robinson for \"mode of connecting the rails.\"","Scope and Contents Meeting of the Board of the steamboat line; conflict over election of a director, finances, etc.","Scope and Contents A trip to Norfolk and Richmond, where he wishes to meet Edwin Robinson and Mr. Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R. has now suggested through conductors from New York to Richmond, as well as through tickets.","Scope and Contents Mail contract and Bd. of Public Works; competition with the Central R.R. from Washington; negotiations with Dove of the Philadelphia and Baltimore R.R.; difficult relations with Peter Daniel, President of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.,and \"his board\"; number of accidents suggests that trains are running faster than they should.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; through tickets and Parker of the B. \u0026 O. R.R.; enclosing list of stockholders in the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. who own no R. \u0026 P. R.R. stock, urging Edwin Robinson to get they to buy in order to control both roads; criticism of the way rails were laid; more train accidents.","Scope and Contents Mail contracts; influence with Board of Public Works directors and stockholders meetings; conflict with Rives; R.R. and steamboat line finances; newspaper schedule advertisements of connecting trains.","Scope and Contents Purchase of iron for tracks; R.R. and steamboat finances; R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock down to 70.","Scope and Contents Advice concerning studies leading to an engineering degree under Prof. Eustis; comparison of the abilities of John M. Robinson with those of his brother, Edmund, who is studying at the same place (Harvard University); enclosing a check for each son.","Scope and Contents Enclosing $100 to get John M. Robinson out of debt; advice on studies and criticism of letters; greetings of Agnes, Bev, and mother of John and Edmund. Advice concerning unworthy friends, especially Crawley, who has left a bill at the Brattle House; quoting scene from \"Hamlet\" at length; enclosing checks for John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Enclosing a check for John and his brother, Edmund, that might have to be cashed in Boston; advice on expenditures; advises that if he cannot graduate cum laude in January, that he wait another term. Advice on studies leading to graduation in July. Request for more money \"creates in me a good deal of surprise\"; \"unfortunate companions at Cambridge and \"you may have vices I have not before suspected\"; asks for an itemized statement. Candor of last letter from John M. Robinson; advice on expenses, studies and plans for graduation.","Scope and Contents Bills to be presented to the Virginia Legislature; the sharing of mail contracts with other lines; troubles with Fontaine of the Louisa Co., and with officials of other competing lines; financial problems of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Reprimand of Edwin Robinson on money matters; increasing financial problems; bill before the Virginia Senate and others before the Maryland Legislature; injunction case before the courts; enclosing letter from Anne W. Coleman and draft of letter from Moncure Robinson to C.W. MacMurdo, Jr.","Scope and Contents Degree to be received in July from Cambridge, working under Prof. Eustis; check enclosed for John and Edmund.","Scope and Contents Bills before the Virginia and Maryland legislatures; railroad finances, railroad stocks and bonds; enclosed articles on railroad rates, problems of lost baggage, and danger of speed of 35 mph.","Scope and Contents Railroad bonds; bills before the Legislature; iron for rails.","Scope and Contents Enclosing check; advice on study; problem of Edmund and pistols.","Scope and Contents Effort of Falls to direct passengers to the Bay Line; an agent in the North to sell through tickets.","Scope and Contents Advice on ompanions and study; check enclosed for Edmund. Moncure Robinson, Philadelphia, to his son, John M. Robinson. Letter from Charles Wadsworth concerning the Ecole des Mines, where John M. Robinson may go after taking his Bachelor of Science degree at Harvard.","Scope and Contents The future career of John M. Robinson and the possibility of his going to the School of Mines in France.","Scope and Contents Possibility that John M. Robinson will not get his degree; advice on a \"conversation\" with Prof. Eustis in this direction.","Scope and Contents Advice on the coming examination; comment on the assault of Brooks on Sumner and the pro-slavery feeling of the Southern members of Congress. Enclosing letter from Prof. Eustis giving assurance of a degree for John, which is to be kept secret from Edmund. Encouraging John M. Robinson; enclosing check.","Scope and Contents Reporting that Thompson Brown is recovering with the nursing Fanny; economy on railroad and boat line; contracts for rails and spikes; through tickets; plan to go to \"the new Philadelphia Bathing Place, Atlantic City.\"","Scope and Contents A mistake in interest payment made to Moncure Robinson by C.W. MacMurdo.","Scope and Contents An attempt to influence Fillmore vs. Buchanan votes by block-voting of the stockholders if R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. does not receive mail contract; selling bonds to meet the bills for rails purchased.","Scope and Contents Expressing confidence in his son; suggesting the possibility of an engineering position in Chile.","Scope and Contents Unanswered letter to Mr. MacMurdo.","Scope and Contents Offer of position for John M. Robinson on the Philadelphia and Reading R.R. by G.A. Niolls, General Superintendent; advice on smoking and drinking.","Scope and Contents His volunteer labor to gain experience; enclosing check. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Value of field work experience to an engineer. Value of learning the practical use of instruments. More advice with a check enclosed.","Scope and Contents Recommends that he enter University of Virginia for the next term for a course of general studies; enclosing two checks.","Scope and Contents Complaints about arrangements made by Edwin Robinson for baggage transportation and for through tickets from New York.","Scope and Contents Railroad finances and dividends; the impossibility of meeting current expenses out of current income; importance of the injunction case in court.","Scope and Contents The lectures of Professors McGuffey and Maupin (at the University of Virginia); the degree conferred on him at Harvard; arrangements for living with his uncle John. Opportunities in the Northwest.","Scope and Contents Course in chemistry under Dr. Maupin who is \"often unsuccessful in his experiments\" and Dr. McGuffey in belles lettres.","Scope and Contents The increased expenses and diminished income of the railroad.; need for retrenchment; negotiations of railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents A tip for Dan on leaving Charlottesville. Announcing the death of their old \"Mammy\"; advice on studies and religion.","Scope and Contents Finances; notes for payment to Reeves, Buch \u0026 Co., for rails; mail contracts, insurance policies; injunction case; need to raise fares in order to meet railroad costs.","Scope and Contents Returning letter of John M. Robinson with spelling and punctuation corrected. More advice on rhetoric; John M. Robinson will be with his grandmother in Richmond for Christmas. Moncure Robinson to his son, John M. Robinson. Thankfulness for escape of John M. Robinson from injury in an accident; religious comments.","Scope and Contents Railroad finances, urging increase of rates and reduction of expenses; Increase in railroad accidents; mortal injuries to Sam Brown in Central R.R. accident, train going at excessive speed of 35 mph; danger of serious accident where Fontaine's Central R.R. crosses the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. at level crossing; attempt of Falls to take over Seaboard and Roanoke R.R. through stockholders of the Bay Line; slaves killed while working on R.R.; mail contracts, with enclosed newspaper article on \"The Great Southern Mail Route.\"","Scope and Contents Absence from lectures at University of Virginia; more on rhetoric. A coming ball in Philadelphia; chance that John M. Robinson will give \"his protection\" to Miss McFarland on the trip; check enclosed.","Scope and Contents Failure of mail due to \"the interruption of the railroads\"; Edmund is occupied with his law books; visit of John M. Robinson to Philadelphia. Enclosing a pass for the R.R.; asks John M. Robinson to pick up a nail brush he left at a hotel a month before.","Scope and Contents Trouble between Malcolm Macever and Beyland; Edmund accompanied Miss MacFarland to Richmond; advice on studies and recommending the reading of Addison for style in writing. Comment on essay sent to Moncure Robinson by John M. Robinson; Edmund plans to continue his preparation in law at Wilkes-Barre, Pa.","Scope and Contents Plans to send Edmund to France for the summer; the return of John M. Robinson from the University in the summer. Many meetings of the railroad and steamboat companies; correction of essay sent by John M. Robinson; riot at the University and type of young man there.","Scope and Contents Corrections made on a letter from John M. Robinson; sale of his mare to his uncle John Moncure. The possibility of a position for John M. Robinson after he leaves the University. Future plans for John M. Robinson; Democrats won election in Virginia, defeating Edwin Robinson, brother of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents Reply to a letter from Edwin Robinson which \"has given me...a great deal of pain.\" Edwin Robinson is dissatisfied with the attitude of Moncure Robinson and has been \"placed in charge of the work at my instance.\" Recommending more economy and defending the interests of the stockholders.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Rejected plans for a \"horse railroad\" from the University to Charlottesville; the disappointment of Moncure Robinson in his investment in the \"Fredericksburg rail-road\" (the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.) due to the fact that Virginia did not keep faith to the company.","Scope and Contents Storm damage to the railroad line; threat to sell out his stock (in the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.) if the vote does not go his way, a vote involving Dr. Haxall.","Scope and Contents Stay of John M. Robinson in New York and Boston.","Scope and Contents A steam carriage for turnpikes which he is to see demonstrated at \"the Novelty Works.\"","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Care for his grandmother Robinson in Richmond. The purpose of his stay in Richmond--\"making yourself as thoroughly acquainted as possible with everything connected with the rail-road management.\" His return to Philadelphia.","Scope and Contents Handbills announcing the route from Washington to Richmond via Fredericksburg. Draft of the above.","Scope and Contents Handbills; the competition of the Orange R.R. Co.; and the discussions with Mr. Jackson in New York.","Scope and Contents The care of John M. Robinson for his sister, Agnes, at Atlantic City. Advice concerning his inferior position with the Philadelphia and Baltimore Rail Road; an account of the first work that Moncure Robinson did in railroad works; discussion of opportunities in Chile and Brazil.","Scope and Contents His interest in \"Lee's machine,\" a test of it on their line; resolutions of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. Co.; investigation of steamboat building yards.","Scope and Contents Comparative advantages to the stockholders of the Seaboard \u0026 Roanoke and Bay Line, the \"upper route,\" R.F. \u0026 P. R.R., and the Richmond and Petersburg Co., of through tickets which preferred one route over another.","Scope and Contents Report of amount due to R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. on through tickets sold at New York during the month of March 1859.","Scope and Contents Notification of the shipment of iron to Richmond.","Scope and Contents His meeting Mr. Bradford, the \"great English reformer,\" discussing Mr. Chevalier; summer plans.","Scope and Contents Good reports of the railroad and the Bay Line; his plans to go into the office of Biddle upon graduation.","Scope and Contents Social letter; concern about Virginia and \"fanatics south of Mason and Dixon's Line.\"","Scope and Contents Laments the rejection of Mr. Crittenden's proposition; believes the central states should mediate between the Cotton States and the New England States; \"if the Union must be dissolved, let it be with dignity\"; preparations for the family to be protected in case of war; he has finished his law course at Cambridge (Harvard).","Scope and Contents Insurance on a new boat which is to be opened to the public; instructions for Mattingly and Cap. Reynolds.","Scope and Contents The new position of John M. Robinson in Portsmouth, supervising the steamboat line and S. \u0026 R. R.R. activities at that place; no trains to run on Sunday; mention of Tazewell Taylor.","Scope and Contents An injunction received by action of the Court of Appeals; railroad and Bay Co. business; enclosed resolution about the debt of the railroadcompany in England.","Scope and Contents R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock; purchase of rails for the railroad; through tickets.","Scope and Contents Interest of John M. Robinson in the prosperity of the Petersburg R.R. and willingness of Mr. Sanford to acquaint him with his system; a limit on the number of free tickets; general advice. Relations with the Raleigh road and the Seaboardline; purchase of a new steamboat and repairs to an old one; Conway Robinson in court involving the Maryland turnpike; other R.R. and steamboat business.","Scope and Contents Through tickets to the South.","Scope and Contents Trouble with their competitors over through tickets; iron for rails; railroad finances; arrangments with S. M. Felton and Peter V. Daniel.","Scope and Contents Relationship between the Bay Line, S. \u0026 R. R.R., and the Baltimore line; mentions Wilson, Falls, Savage and Jackson; special notes of return tickets.","Scope and Contents Issuing of free tickets; and stock of the lines.","Scope and Contents Relationship of the Baltimore R.R. with the Seaboard line in carrying freight; concerning matters on the farm; relationship of the Bay Co. with the S. \u0026 R. R.R.","Scope and Contents Freight brought over the Petersburg R.R. to their road and ships; good financial condition of their enterprise. Freight; S. \u0026 R. R.R. bonds; advice.","Scope and Contents Calling him home to take care of farm business. Relationship of the Seaford Line and the Bay Line with the Seaboard R.R.; the steamboats on their line; a planned new line.","Scope and Contents A report of the visit of the Prince to Cambridge and discussion of the possible results of the recent election of Lincoln, danger to the Union.","Scope and Contents Freight business \"provided the present relations between Virginia and the northern states continue\"; mass meeting to be held in Independence Square to support the Union.","Scope and Contents His success in the management of the railroad and steamship company.","Scope and Contents Request for a power of attorney for shares of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. stock held in the name of John M. Robinson.","Scope and Contents Problems raised by the imminence of \"flagrant hositlities,\" including the seizure of the boats of the Potomac Steamboat Company, impounding of assets, etc.","Scope and Contents Drafts for payment of railroad accounts.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents He considers that the dissolution of the Union is impossible, but dreads a fratricidal war which seems now about to be inaugurated.","Scope and Contents A letter sent by flag of truce to Norfolk, Va. Edmund, brother of John M. Robinson, who is practicing law in New York; Bay Co., and railroad stocks and dividend payments.","Scope and Contents Finances of the Bay Co., and dividends to be paid; the confiscation Bill which has passed the U.S. Congress.","Scope and Contents Regret at inability to send dividends due to the war and English blockade of the Southern ports. The letter was sent via Tampico, Mexico.","Scope and Contents Dividends paid on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Daniel via Mexico.","Scope and Contents Payment of dividends on English railroad bonds in reply to letter from Thomas Hankey \u0026 Co.","Scope and Contents Norfolk is about to be evacuated; new hope under George Randolph as Secretary of War; Moncure Robinson has been declared an enemy alien and his property transferred to his son, John M. Robinson, who is in the Confederate Forces, aide de camp to Maj. Gen. Loring with rank of Captain; farewell.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Original letter withdrawn by Lydia Robinson and given to the Bermuda Historical Society. Son of Moncure Robinson whom he has seen in Richmond and who sends his regards to his brother, Edmund Robinson, in New York; suggestions concerning the affairs of Moncure Robinson. In French, typed translation included.","Scope and Contents Announcing the death of his grandmother, mother of Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents John. M. Robinson has been placed in charge of the movement of stores from Portsmouth before it is abandoned to the Northern Forces; His battle in the Confederate Legislature to have his father's property come to him as a loyal southerner; his experiences at battle at Roanoke Island with a map of the island and the area around it.","Scope and Contents Report on his activities with the Confederate forces before being sent to Europe to procure railroad supplies for the Confederacy; his journey from Spain to England; the property of Moncure Robinson in the South, held by John M. Robinson. His business in England; chance that England may enter the war against the U.S.; has seen his uncle, Edwin Robinson, in London; letters from his brother, Edmund.","Scope and Contents His acquaintances in London, including Russell, Blake, Hankey, and Lord Somers; sympathy widespread for the South; English interest payments on railroad bonds.","Scope and Contents Reports that the case before Judge Haliburton has been decided in favor of John M. Robinson, so that all the assets of Moncure Robinson, Edmund and Beverly revert to John M. Robinson; railroad finances and management in the South; activities with the Confederate forces.","Scope and Contents Report of the attack on Petersburg by Grant, topped by the forces of Lee; destruction of Sheridan; thieving expeditions of Hunter; hope that \"the crazy people of the United States will come to their senses in the coming Presidential campaign,\" but willingness to fight on for five more years; report on activities of Cary, and death of Willy; settlement of railroad finances; hope to go to Europe if war ends in defeat of the South.","Scope and Contents The management of the affairs of the S. \u0026 R. R.R. and the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R.; his activity as General Military Supt. of railroads; the war's progress.","Scope and Contents Sons in war; railroad stock transactions; members of the family (names hidden because of war censorship).","Scope and Contents Dividends of the Seaboard and Roanoke Co.; concerning \"this useless war,\" the hope that the November election will \"disclose the fact that the majority have had enough of this mode of restoring the Union.\"","Scope and Contents Dividends and other affairs of the Seaboard line; negotiations with Rives, cousin Wirt Robinson and Wilson.","Scope and Contents Dividends of the S. \u0026 R. R.R. Co.","Scope and Contents Written via Barbados; shares of the R.F. \u0026 P. Co.; desire to rid self of interests in Virginia; possibility that family will reside in Europe after the war; Beverley's residence in Paris.","Scope and Contents A nephew, Henry, who had been taken a prisoner of war. Henry Robinson, Steamer Santiago de Cuba, to Mr. Walke. Enclosed with the above recounting his condition as a prisoner.","Scope and Contents Settlement of debts owed by John M. Robinson in the south; prospect of end of the war; suggestion that profits could be made by forming a company in England to run the blockade.","Scope and Contents Incomplete.","Scope and Contents Finances.","Scope and Contents Troubles of R.F. \u0026 P. R.R., trains over a day late; lack of engines, repair facilities; need for financing.","Scope and Contents Welcoming a son and daughter of his old friend, Moncure Robinson, upon their arrival in England, and inviting them to visit him in France. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Affairs of the R.F. \u0026 P. R.R. and the Pot. S.B. Co., of which companies Moncure Robinson is a large stockholder.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for a memoir of Mr. Chevalier read by Moncure Robinson at the Philosophical Society.","Scope and Contents Enclosing some copies of \"The Ledger\" in which there is a notice of a work by Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents A discussion of the charter of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal Co.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Acknowledging the news of the death in America of her guardian, Mr. Seybert, and expressing grief. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents An inheritance left to her by Mr. Seybert. Enclosed is a copy of an article on the cremation of Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Information for an article by Moncure Robinson on Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included. Lucie de Saivre, Paris, to Moncure Robinson. Requesting a copy of the will of Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents More concerning the will of Mr. Seybert. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Appreciation for the memoir of Mr. Seybert written by Moncure Robinson. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents Social letter. In French, translation included. Incomplete.","Scope and Contents Condolences for the death of the brother of Moncure Robinson, Conway Robinson. In French, translation included.","Scope and Contents The death of the father of Leigh Robinson; mention of an article in the Albany Law Journal.","Scope and Contents Settlement of debt to Moncure Robinson by widow and children of Conway Robinson; Moncure Robinson has refused to accept land for the debt.","Scope and Contents Arrangements to mortgage \"Vinelands\" for $20,000 in order to pay cash to Moncure Robinson.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents The settlement of debts of Conway Robinson to his brother, Moncure Robinson, by the widow and children of Conway Robinson, for $20,000 cash; appreciation for the generosity of this settlement.","Scope and Contents Recommending that son of Moncure Robinson, Jr., be \"president of the company.\" Incomplete.","Scope and Contents The name for a new company which is to benefit Petersburg and Richmond. Incomplete.","Scope and Contents The commencement of work on a new railroad.","Scope and Contents A problem of their sister Cornelia, who wishes to marry a man of whom the family does not approve.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents The transactions of Moncure Robinson as President of the Potomac Steamboat Co., and as attorney for stockholders in the Baltimore Steam Packet Co.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Social note.","Scope and Contents Notification of his election to the Story Association of Harvard University.","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents Concerning the meeting with his future wife, Charlotte Taylor.","Scope and Contents Concerning his marriage to Charlotte Taylor.","Scope and Contents"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Reserach Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae"],"names_coll_ssim":["College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"famname_ssim":["Robinson family"],"persname_ssim":["Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. (Abel Parker), 1790-1844"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center","College of William and Mary--Alumni and alumnae","Robinson family","Robinson, Moncure, 1802-1891","Robinson Family","Buchanan, James, 1791-1868","Scott, Winfield, 1786-1866","Upshur, A. P. 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George H. Denny, Prof. David C. Humphreys, Theodore Carl Link, William Henry Reid, the W\u0026L Power plant, and W\u0026L Reid Hall.","Earlier this building was the Carnegie Library, then McCormick Library, later Williams School, and then Huntley Hall.","Includes Cedar Hill, Paxton house at Glen Maury, and the Dickinson house named Savernake.","Includes 707 South Main Street, 116 North Main and Jefferson Streets, South Main, and 107 North Main Streets.","Houses include Old Monmouth Presbyterian Church, Liberty Hall Academy, James Davis house (501 Lime Kiln Road), Keith Shillington house (on road off of Frank Parsons Way), and Matt Paxton, Jr. house (815 Ross Road).","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University--Students","Sheridan, John, 1847 - 1929","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Student Architectural papers collection, 1960/2011"],"collection_ssim":["Student Architectural papers collection, 1960/2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.RG.38","/repositories/5/resources/616"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.RG.38","/repositories/5/resources/616"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Lexington (Va.)","Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"geogname_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)","Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"places_ssim":["Lexington (Va.)","Virginia -- Rockbridge County"],"creator_ssm":["Washington and Lee University--Students"],"creator_ssim":["Washington and Lee University--Students"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Sheridan, John, 1847 - 1929"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University--Students"],"creators_ssim":["Sheridan, John, 1847 - 1929","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University--Students"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of W\u0026L Prof. Pam Simpson."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architecture"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architecture"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["18.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["18.50 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese student architecture papers were done for Art classes at Washington and Lee, mostly taught by Prof. Pam Simpson. The papers include homes and buildings in Lexington and other places in Rockbridge County, Virginia.  Included in the papers are deed tracings, social and architectural history, maps and photographs. Prof. Simpson and Royster Lyle published the book, The Architecture of Historic Lexington in 1977.  This book and these papers are an invaluable resource for researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These student architecture papers were done for Art classes at Washington and Lee, mostly taught by Prof. Pam Simpson. The papers include homes and buildings in Lexington and other places in Rockbridge County, Virginia.  Included in the papers are deed tracings, social and architectural history, maps and photographs. Prof. Simpson and Royster Lyle published the book, The Architecture of Historic Lexington in 1977.  This book and these papers are an invaluable resource for researchers."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePaxton house\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Spring Meadows house is located two and a half miles southwest of Lexington, fourth a mile of Route 251,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Spring Meadows house is located two and a half miles southwest of Lexington, fourth a mile of Route 251,\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuilding earlier Carnegie Library and McCormick Library, and later Williams School, and then Huntley Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe building was later the Ruscio Center for Global Learning with additions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other student authors are Amy Bohutinsky, Sarah Feinberg, Sarah Saalfield, Catherine Ruth Fetton, and Ginger Baker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other student authors are Tofer Harrison, Alex McManimen, Ashley Marano, Patrick Mickler, and Travis Winfrey.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General","General","General","General","General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Paxton house","The Spring Meadows house is located two and a half miles southwest of Lexington, fourth a mile of Route 251,","The Spring Meadows house is located two and a half miles southwest of Lexington, fourth a mile of Route 251,","Building earlier Carnegie Library and McCormick Library, and later Williams School, and then Huntley Hall.","The building was later the Ruscio Center for Global Learning with additions.","The other student authors are Amy Bohutinsky, Sarah Feinberg, Sarah Saalfield, Catherine Ruth Fetton, and Ginger Baker.","The other student authors are Tofer Harrison, Alex McManimen, Ashley Marano, Patrick Mickler, and Travis Winfrey."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Student Architectural Papers Collection (RG 38), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Student Architectural Papers Collection (RG 38), Special Collections and Archives, James G. Leyburn Library, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group contains papers and projects created by students as part of their coursework, such as honors theses and capstone papers.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e203-205 1/2 Huffman's Nationwide, Buck's Barbershop, Tom's Taxi; 207-211 McCoy house; 215 Tomlinson house; 217 State Farm Insurance; 221 Andre Studio; 223 Flower Center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Denmark west of Lexington, Decatur north of Lexington, Cornwall east of Lexington, and Springfield south of Lexington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMotels included are the Black and White log cabins in Fairfield, Lee-Way, Buffalo Creek, and Stevesville Drive-In.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHouses include Old Monmouth Presbyterian Church, Liberty Hall Academy, James Davis house (501 Lime Kiln Road), Keith Shillington house (on road off of Frank Parsons Way), and Matt Paxton, Jr. house (815 Ross Road).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes information of Pres. George H. Denny, Prof. David C. Humphreys, Theodore Carl Link, William Henry Reid, the W\u0026amp;L Power plant, and W\u0026amp;L Reid Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEarlier this building was the Carnegie Library, then McCormick Library, later Williams School, and then Huntley Hall.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes Cedar Hill, Paxton house at Glen Maury, and the Dickinson house named Savernake.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes 707 South Main Street, 116 North Main and Jefferson Streets, South Main, and 107 North Main Streets.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHouses include Old Monmouth Presbyterian Church, Liberty Hall Academy, James Davis house (501 Lime Kiln Road), Keith Shillington house (on road off of Frank Parsons Way), and Matt Paxton, Jr. house (815 Ross Road).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group contains papers and projects created by students as part of their coursework, such as honors theses and capstone papers.","203-205 1/2 Huffman's Nationwide, Buck's Barbershop, Tom's Taxi; 207-211 McCoy house; 215 Tomlinson house; 217 State Farm Insurance; 221 Andre Studio; 223 Flower Center.","Includes Denmark west of Lexington, Decatur north of Lexington, Cornwall east of Lexington, and Springfield south of Lexington.","Motels included are the Black and White log cabins in Fairfield, Lee-Way, Buffalo Creek, and Stevesville Drive-In.","Houses include Old Monmouth Presbyterian Church, Liberty Hall Academy, James Davis house (501 Lime Kiln Road), Keith Shillington house (on road off of Frank Parsons Way), and Matt Paxton, Jr. house (815 Ross Road).","Includes information of Pres. George H. Denny, Prof. David C. Humphreys, Theodore Carl Link, William Henry Reid, the W\u0026L Power plant, and W\u0026L Reid Hall.","Earlier this building was the Carnegie Library, then McCormick Library, later Williams School, and then Huntley Hall.","Includes Cedar Hill, Paxton house at Glen Maury, and the Dickinson house named Savernake.","Includes 707 South Main Street, 116 North Main and Jefferson Streets, South Main, and 107 North Main Streets.","Houses include Old Monmouth Presbyterian Church, Liberty Hall Academy, James Davis house (501 Lime Kiln Road), Keith Shillington house (on road off of Frank Parsons Way), and Matt Paxton, Jr. house (815 Ross Road)."],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University--Students"],"persname_ssim":["Sheridan, John, 1847 - 1929"],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Washington and Lee University--Students","Sheridan, John, 1847 - 1929"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1048,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:02:14.389Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_616_c02_c421"}},{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wood County Papers, 1800/1900","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995","Series 1. Historical Documents, 1717/1988","Series 1. Historical Documents -- West Virginia Documents"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wood County Papers","title_ssm":["Wood County Papers"],"title_tesim":["Wood County Papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wood County Papers, 1800/1900"],"text":["Wood County Papers, 1800/1900","Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995","Series 1. Historical Documents, 1717/1988","Series 1. Historical Documents -- West Virginia Documents","Box 1","Folder 12"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995","Series 1. Historical Documents, 1717/1988","Series 1. Historical Documents -- West Virginia Documents"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995","Series 1. Historical Documents, 1717/1988","Series 1. Historical Documents -- West Virginia Documents"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1900"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-1900"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":13,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995"],"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 12"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Box 93 cannot be retrieved for use at this time. Please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center for more information.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:04.936Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_5370.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/198658","title_ssm":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers"],"title_tesim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1650-1671, 1717-2003, undated","ca. 1850-1995"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1650-1671, 1717-2003, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["ca. 1850-1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995"],"text":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995","A\u0026M 2600","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5370","Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Fairmont (W. Va.)","Marshall County (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wheeling (W. Va.)","Banks and banking","General stores","Glass manufacture","Mexican War, 1846-1848","Newspapers.","Political campaigns","Propaganda, Soviet","Whiskey decanters","Box 93 cannot be retrieved for use at this time. Please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center for more information.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Lucy Elizabeth Prichard (October 26, 1876 - July 29, 1964) was born in Cattlettsburg, Kentucky. Daughter of Robert H. and Mary Prichard, she had a brother, Karl, and a sister-in-law, Elizabeth. Lucy taught at Huntington High School from 1899-1913, and taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College (now Marshall University) from 1914-1941. Marshall's Prichard Hall was named in her honor.","Louis Eckert Reed (born October 1, 1899 in Wirt County, WV; died January 31, 1979 in Elizabeth, WV) served as a sergeant in the US Army during WWI, served as Administrative Assistant to Senator Chapman Revercomb, and worked as a prosecuting attorney in Wirt County, WV. He also wrote for Atlantic Monthly.","James Franklin \"Jim\" Comstock was born to Harry Clinton and Myrtle Blanche in Richwood, West Virginia on February 25, 1911. He married Miss Ola Stowers in Huntington, WV, on October 18, 1933; they would have two daughters, Sandra Ferguson and Elaine Nagy, and a son, Jay. In 1934, Comstock received B.A. from Marshall College (now Marshall University). From 1938-1942, he taught at Richwood High School and wrote for the Clarksburg Telegram. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944-1946, and upon returning home he founded the Nicholas County News Leader (originally News Letter) with Bronson D. McClung (1920-2004), a former student of his. On December 25, 1963, the Nicholas County News Leader combined with Nicholas Republican; in 1984, it became the Richwood News Leader. Comstock remained an active part of the paper till his death on May 22, 1996.\n \n In 1957, Comstock founded the weekly West Virginia Hillbilly with McClung, and became its editor. The paper included feature articles, columns of special interest to West Virginians, book notes, and the \"Comstock Load,\" the editor's own column on the back page. Comstock first tried to sell the Hillbilly in 1976. In 1981, he sold it to the South Charleston Publishing Company. On February 25, 1986, he repurchased and began resuscitating the Hillbilly. In 1992, he sold the Hillbilly to Sandy McCauley. In 2001, the Hillbilly ceased publication.","Comstock was involved in many endeavors in addition to his newspaper editing and reporting activities. In 1963, he ran unsuccessfully for Congress on the Republican ticket. He wrote, edited, and contributed to various books, including Pa and Ma and Mr. Kennedy, a 50-volume West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia, and a collection of newspaper highlights entitled Best of Hillbilly. He was also involved in republishing books by West Virginian authors. He campaigned to purchase and preserve author Pearl S. Buck's birthplace at Hillsboro, and he helped save the Cass Scenic Railroad. He also founded the University of Hard Knocks, a lighthearted honorary society that recognizes the accomplishments of people who have succeeded in life without a college degree.","Papers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the West Virginia Hillbilly and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers.","Materials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]).","An addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note.","Series 1. Historical Documents; 1717, 1754-1988, undated (includes facsimiles); box 1 - box 3, folder 2.\nSeries 2. Lucy Prichard Papers; 1913-1936, undated; box 3, folders 3-8.\nSeries 3. Louis Reed Papers; ca. 1960-1975, undated; boxes 4-5.\nSeries 4. Account Books; 1830-1938; boxes 6-17.\nSeries 5. Printed Material; 1829-1995, undated; boxes 18-25.\nSeries 6. Comstock Correspondence; 1882-1995, undated (bulk 1950-1995); boxes 26-72.\nSeries 7. Photographs; ca. 1850s-1995, undated; boxes 73-81.\nSeries 8. Motion Pictures; undated; box 82.\nSeries 9. Microfilm; undated; box 82.\nSeries 10. Cassette Tapes; undated; box 82.\nSeries 11. Glass Lantern Slides; 1871-1897, undated; boxes 83-85.\nSeries 12. Scrapbooks; 1883-1918; boxes 86-91.\nSeries 13. Broadsides; ca. 1827-1960 (includes facsimiles); box 92.\nSeries 14. Maps; 1730-1976, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 93-103, and map cabinet 1, drawer 12.\nSeries 15. Newspapers; ca. 1826-1924, 1976; box 104.\nSeries 16. Artifacts; 1952-1976, undated; boxes 105-109.\nSeries 17. Oversize; 1650-1671, 1720-1991, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 110-118.","Addendum of 2013/05 includes material much like that in the initial acquisition, divided into the following series:","Series 18. Correspondence; 1838-2003, undated (bulk 1950-1995); box 119 - box 133 folder 4, and box 134 folders 1-11.*\nSeries 19. Publications; 1889-2002, undated; box 133, folders 5-6, box 134, folder 12, and boxes 135-136.*\nSeries 20. Subject Files; ca. 1851-1995, undated; boxes 137-146.\nSeries 21. Photographs; ca. 1870s-2003, undated; boxes 147-149.*\nSeries 22. Audio-Visual Material; 1990-1992, undated; box 150.\nSeries 23. Artifacts; undated; box 151, folders 1-2.\nSeries 24. Scrapbooks; ca. 1953-1984; box 151, folder 3 and scrapbook.\nSeries 25. Account Books; 1954-1960s; box 151 ledgers.\nSeries 26. Oversize Material; 1861-1866, 1893-1933, 1950-1998, undated; box 152 - box 156, folder 3, loose folders 1-4, oversize folder 1, and box 157.\nSeries 27. Maps; 1884-1891, 1920, 1957-1987; box 156, folders 4-10.\nSeries 28. Historical Documents; 1839-1909; box 158.","*Please note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes financial records such as receipts and invoices, legal documents such as deeds and court cases, correspondence, land records, genealogy materials, ephemera, and typescript histories. Box 1 includes three subgroups: the Barnet Cushwa Papers, West Virginia Documents, and Non-West Virginia Documents. Boxes 2a-3 contain material of mixed origin. Additional historical documents can be found in Series 17, Oversize, and in subseries Oversize--Manuscripts.","This subseries includes a collection of materials documenting the activities of Cushwa, a prominent farmer and later the sheriff of Berkeley County in the 1850s. Cushwa's papers reveal his activities as administrator of the Daniel Gehr estate (1839-1843). The Berkeley County documents, including lists of landholdings, orders, taxes, and fee collections, demonstrate his duties as sheriff in the 1850s. See Series 17, Oversize, box 117 for Berkeley County land holdings, sheriff's accounts, and lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc. (1854-1858).","This subseries is comprised of correspondence and other material, principally concerning commercial and development activities in north-central West Virginia. These items are grouped by county; please note that there is overlap between counties.  Highlights include: items relating to Harman Blennerhassett (box 1, folder 12); a six-page letter written by William G. Brown answering questions concerning the constitutionality of the movement for West Virginia statehood (June 28, 1862) (box 1, folder 13); letters and reminiscences focusing on the reunions of the Battle of Philippi (1911-1935) (box 1, folder 14); and two letters from the abolitionist John Brown (box 1, folder 15).","Additional West Virginia documents can be found in boxes 2a-2c.","Highlights of this subseries include: four letters from soldiers in the Mexican War; seventeen letters from Pennsylvania soldier James M. Weaver, principally to his wife, during his service in the Civil War; a confidential letter from President James Monroe explaining his policy on fortifying the frontier; seven Booker T. Washington letters; two letters from Revolutionary War general Horatio Gates; and a folder of letters written by famous 19th century figures including Samuel Clemens, Collis P. Huntington, Nathaniel P. Banks, and Newton D. Baker.","This subseries contains correspondence, invoices, deeds, tax documents, court cases, and other material. Most of the items pertain to West Virginia. Highlights include: bills and invoices of G.H.A. Kunst and John H. Kunst (1853-1867, 1892-1893); papers of the Wells family of Sistersville (1806-1885); a telegram regarding the burning of Harpers Ferry (1861); a broadside listing members of Company H, 3rd Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Infantry (undated); and legal documents regarding the manumission of slaves (1820-1828, 1856).","Lucy Prichard taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College from 1914 to 1941. This series includes correspondence, photographs, and printed material. Correspondence includes Karl Prichard's letters (1918) and Lucy Prichard's letters (1925-1927, undated). Lucy's letters are addressed to her mother, Mrs. R.H. Prichard, in Huntington, WV. Many of Lucy's letters relate to her travels and studies in the Peloponnesus peninsula of Greece, the British Isles, Western Europe, and Italy in 1925 and 1927. For more information on Lucy Prichard, see the Historical Note.","This series includes newspaper clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed. The newspaper clippings show images of Reed family photos (1960). The typescripts are short stories written by Louis, many likely unpublished. Also included are notes and a draft of Burning Springs, Virginia: The Civil War's Unsolved Mystery, initially a paper that Reed prepared for the West Virginia Historical Society (see Burning Springs, West Virginia: the Civil War's Unsolved Mystery, by Louis Reed, self-published in Elizabeth, WV, 1960). This material may have been developed for his later fictional novel, Burning Springs (published in Huntington, WV by University Editions/Aegina Press, 1985). For more information on Reed, see the Historical Note. A letter from Louis Reed to Jim Comstock regarding Reed's book Warning in Appalachia (1967) can be found in Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 62, folder 27. Other letters from Reed may be found elsewhere in Series 6, Correspondence.","This series includes 27 account books, many of which relate to north-central West Virginia businesses. These ledgers document general stores, a Jewish-owned clothing store in Richwood, the activities of an itinerant Methodist minister in the mining villages of north-central West Virginia, grocery stores and meat markets, a glass manufacturer, and other businesses. See Separated Materials note for information on volumes separated to other collections.","Thistle and Cox formed a partnership in Tyler County, [West] Virginia in March of 1835. This is the partnership's first ledger, which spans the years 1835-1837, but reference is made to the transfer of accounts to at least one subsequent ledger. The business appears to have been located near the Ohio River (probably in Sistersville), since customers included Ohio as well as Tyler County citizens. Although the debit side for each customer only lists the term \"merchandise\" for purchases, the ledger reveals the barter nature of much of the rural economy of Tyler County on the credit side. Among items received in trade by Thistle and Cox were chestnuts, hides, bees wax, rags, sand, tobacco, clothes, meats, produce, and various forms of labor. The ledger also frequently lists the occupations or residences of many of the customers. Included were coopers, tanners, blacksmiths, preachers, schoolteachers, and carpenters, scattered from Point Pleasant to Wheeling.","Inventory and Book Accounts. This volume contains a 66-page inventory of goods on hand and their prices in a Tyler County general store in January 1877. The inventory is divided into the following categories: fancy groceries, groceries, men's shoes, ladies' shoes, children's shoes, overshoes, dress goods, wall paper, housewares, and other. Starting on page 71 is a four-page list of the book accounts of the store's customers, presumably on that same date.","The Cordray Carriage Company was a short-lived business in Fairmont, WV. The ledger lists only the customers and the amount they owed T.L. Cordray, the proprietor of the Carriage Company. The ledger does not list the services for which the customers were charged. However, one itemized account invoice on an inserted piece of paper suggests that the Cordray Carriage Company repaired vehicles. For H.O. Amos, from 1907 through 1911, the Company repaired couplings, repaired and painted the body, repaired the interior, raised the body, and tightened and repaired the fenders, for a total charge of $118. The ledger includes more than 400 customers.","A. H. Breckstein was a Jewish merchant who operated a clothing store in the boom town of Richwood, in Nicholas County. Volume 10 is a cash book detailing daily transactions in the store, both sales and expenses, for part of 1910, and consistently for the period 1928 to 1936. There are also monthly accountings of both cash and credit sales as well as expenses. Volume 11 documents sales and purchases of clothing for the period 1926 to 1934. The sales portion of this volume repeats information available in volume 10. Volume 12 is a ledger of accounts payable for the period 1921-1928, showing the firms from which Breckstein purchased his goods. Included are companies in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and New York.","J.C. Shock was a Methodist minister assigned to a parish in Pullman, WV in 1910. However, he also appeared to be an itinerant preacher, and his account book lists ministerial services provided for the towns and villages of Duffy, Straight Fork, Falls Mill, Glady, and Kingknob, in the north-central West Virginia counties of Lewis, Ritchie, and Wetzel. The account book documents Shock's ministry, listing the text for sermons preached at various towns as well as the contributions of those towns to his salary. Most of the entries cover the years 1910-1917, at which time his base of operations seems to have shifted permanently to Falls Run and Falls Mill in Braxton County. There are entries for sermons, marriages, and assessments for those towns running to 1938. An additional folder contains miscellaneous documents related to Shock found within the ledger.","In the 1890s, Mrs. Samuel C. Gans operated a general store in Moundsville, which by 1900 was specializing in dry goods. This ledger reflects the volume of business and the timing and means of settling accounts. The early pages (for the 1890s) are more detailed, listing the items purchased from the general store. For the later period, the entries are frequently limited to the terms \"goods\" or \"merchandise.\" The back of the volume also contains some notes and miscellaneous accounts, such as rooms rented.","In 1892, a number of Charleston's German families banded together to form an Evangelical Lutheran Church. Subscriptions for a building fund and other church work began to be collected in October of that year. This ledger documents the subscriptions of the founding members of St. Paul's Evangelical Church. It also provides an accounting of the expenses and building funds contributed by the members, including the purchase of a lot on Court Street in Charleston, the church's construction, and the salary of the minister.","These volumes were written by Albert S. Hayden, Notary Public in and for the county of Marion and the state of West Virginia. He recorded handwritten copies of promissory notes and bills presented at Fairmont, WV banks for redemption, which were protested by the First National Bank of Fairmont's cashier. The ledgers also list the date protested, by whom, and the notices mailed to note signers. Most notes originated in West Virginia, but some originated in Ohio. Volume 16a covers 1870-1873. Volume 16b covers 1875-1876.","Anthony Zidn operated a grocery and dry goods store outside of Fairmont on RFD #2. Zidn was an immigrant from the Middle East (perhaps Armenia, as suggested by the fact he kept his accounts in Persian and had a Christian name). These three ledgers document his business, although most of the information is written in Persian.","The Price Brothers operated a general store in the small village of Amos on the Paw Paw Creek, eleven miles from the town of Fairmont in Marion County. The Price Brothers sold all sorts of groceries to people in the town, as documented by this ledger. In addition, the Polk business directory for 1902-1903 notes that the Price sisters operated a millinery business in Amos. There are loose papers within the ledger, including statements and product advertisements (1905-1907, undated).","At the turn of the century, there were four wholesale meat provisioners in Wheeling. This ledger represents the operations of one of them for the years 1901-1902. The company principally supplied general stores and grocers in eastern Ohio, northern West Virginia, southwestern Pennsylvania, and western Maryland. However, individuals could also buy directly. Entries typically include the name of the purchaser, the town in which the purchaser resides, and the amount of the purchase. For local buyers, the ledger frequently lists the Wheeling address. Since transactions are usually noted only as merchandise, it is impossible to glean what types of meats were being purchased at what costs.","Jacob Hornbrook was born in Tavistock, England, in 1812 and moved with his parents to Wheeling when he was a small child. Jacob's father ran a small [business?] in Wheeling. As a young man, Jacob began a mercantile business buying and selling produce on the flatboats travelling on the Ohio River. He later started a notions store, purchased interest in a steamship line and the First National Bank, and was president and owned stock in the Wheeling Gas Company. These three books, a journal (volume 20; 1847-1874), a ledger (volume 21; 1847-1874), and a cash book (volume 22; 1845-1874), document his business interests, investments, and personal expenses during the last three decades of his life. Although he remained an active investor, Hornbrook retired from his mercantile business in 1855 with an estate valued at more than $30,000. In 1852, he moved to what he called \"Forest Home\" near Wheeling Park, and he served in the West Virginia legislature during the Civil War.","This volume includes a manuscript copy of the act \"To incorporate the Wheeling Gas Company\" issued March 18, 1850; a copy of a related Wheeling city ordinance, issued April 29, 1850; stockholders meeting minutes, April 15, April 25, May 1, May 9, and May 11, 1850; and lists of subscribers, the number of shares of stock, and the amount paid.","George C. Gans was a physician practicing in Marshall County in the decades prior to the Civil War. Although most of his patients resided in the area around Moundsville and Elizabeth, Gans does not appear in either the 1840 or the 1850 U.S. census schedules for Marshall County. The ledger documents his treatment of families in Marshall County for a wide variety of ills, including typhoid fever (1861), cholera (1847), and farm injuries. Gans also routinely attended childbirths. His treatments included blistering, bleeding, venesection, lancing, and operating as well as administering medicine and pills. In return for his services, Gans routinely accepted farm produce, labor on his farm, and other useful items such as shingles. He went on to serve as an assistant surgeon in the Civil War.","This is a ledger of an Elizabeth, PA, glass manufacturer's accounts with his workers. The manufacturer ran some type of company store, and the ledger thus includes debits for cash and merchandise received by the workers and credits for the various types of labor performed, including glass blowing, teasing, cutting, coal mining, blacksmithing, and box making. In addition, the ledger includes the manufacturer's accounts with a boarding house owner for boarding his workers and with a local merchant who supplied the company store. In general, the ledger provides insights into the earnings of mid-19th century artisans as well as the operation of a small, rural glass-making establishment.","This consignment book documents commodity prices and the wide variety of goods received by a Wheeling commission merchant house during the 1830s. It also provides insights into the local industrial development, since the commission merchants routinely received goods on consignment from local manufacturers, such as the German Manufacturing Company (textiles). At the beginning of the book, there is evidence that the firm engaged a peddler to make trips in 1830, and the commission house also conducted auctions during the 1830s.","Moses Chapline was a prominent citizen in Wheeling, at various times an attorney, a general store owner, and in the 1830s, mayor. This daybook documents the daily trade at his store during 1845. Included are entries for purchases of a wide variety of goods as well as entries for store expenses, such as insurance, soap, and transportation. The A. Loring who appears frequently throughout was probably Alonzo Loring, a clerk at the store.","Harry Hood and Company was a retail meat and dairy market in Fairmont, WV. This ledger covers the last few months of 1906 and the first months of 1907. It documents purchases of meat from wholesale producers, such as Armour and Company, and sales of meat to local businesses and individuals in Fairmont. Transactions are typically listed only as \"merchandise,\" making it difficult to glean any information concerning prices or consumption patterns. The ledger is used only for the first 150 of its 500 pages, and the business does not appear in the Polk business directory of 1906-1907, suggesting the possibility that it folded some time in 1907.","This ledger documents a general store in Tyler County, probably near Middlebourne, the county seat. Although fairly routine entries characterize customer purchases, the volume also documents purchases from wholesale merchants, beginning on page 251. Included are such firms as Hubbard and Paull, and Jos. Speidel, both of Wheeling; Ed Roome of Sistersville; and Burgunder Brothers and Company, of Columbus, Ohio. Also, the ledger often lists the occupations of the store's customers. Included are John Gates, an oil rig builder (reflecting the emergence of the local oil business) and a number of customers connected to a local woolen mill.","John Gallaher, Christian Ansbrutz, and Caleb Bleakmor started a general store partnership in 1853. Prior to that date, Gallaher operated a store in Moundsville, which is documented in the first 90 pages of the daybook. The daybook follows the partnership for only six months (until September 1853), but then another Moundsville general store (involving Bleakmor) used the daybook during 1856. In the 1850 census, Bleakmor was listed as a constable, age 49, born in Maryland; and Ansbrutz was listed as a miller, age 47, born in France, worth $23,000. Only Gallaher, a 53-year-old Irishman worth $12,000, was listed as a merchant. From the evidence in the daybook, it appears that the partnership was short-lived.","This series includes ephemera, sheet music, booklets, pamphlets, and correspondence. Additional miscellaneous printed material can be found in Series 17, Oversize.","Box 18 includes calendars, sheet music, notecards, and printed material related to West Virginia history. The notecards include screen printed notecards from Wolf Creek Printery in Alderson, WV (1976). The history printed material includes a booklet entitled Wheeling Bicentennial, 1769-1969 (1969?).","Box 19 includes West Virginia serial publications and magazines, as well as printed material about West Virginia schools and locations. Highlights include three issues of The Searchlight, a serial about education (two published in Summersville, WV [1895-1896], and one published in Fayetteville, WV [1899]); an issue of The Mikrophone: Devoted to Religion, Morality, and Temperance (published in Highland, WV, by D.H. Davis, 1906); Scottish Rite pamphlets (published in Wheeling, 1910-1917); the Richwood High School Class of 1940 reunion program (1960); Craigsville Grade School's first yearbook (1973); and Mountaineer Spirit, a WVU student magazine featuring an article about Jim Comstock (1968).","Box 20 includes non-West Virginia serial publications and magazines. Highlights include an issue of The Religious Magazine, or Spirit of the Foreign Theological Journals and Reviews (Philadelphia: E. Littell, 1829); and E.D. Cope's On Vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous Rocks of the North West Territory (Montreal: W.F. Brown \u0026 Co., 1891); Naval Training School -- Indoctrination, Hollywood Florida: Quarterdeck, Class of 3-44, 20 June 1944 (Hollywood, FL: Naval Training School, 1944); and issue no. 18 of Papers from the Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge (undated).","Box 21 includes various writings, such as student literary magazines, works of fiction, poetry booklets, and George T. Swain's The Incomparable Don Chafin (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962).","Box 22 includes George T. Swain's Facts About the Two Armed Marches on Logan (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962), as well as printed materials for a variety of West Virginia and non-West Virginia businesses and organizations. These include advertisements and booklets regarding the West Virginia glass industry, including Fenton Glass (1966-1976, undated), a Woman's Club of Gassaway booklet (1970), a reprint of the Berkeley Springs Hotel Brochure of 1885 (1988), and the constitution of the First Baptist Church of Richwood, WV (undated). For additional business-related printed material, see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2b, folders 11-12.","Box 23 includes miscellaneous booklets, programs, book plates, articles, clippings, and other material. Highlights include Rules of Practice in the United States Patent Office (Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1892), Elbert Hubbard's Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Teachers: Erasmus (East Aurora, Erie County, NY: The Roycrofters, 1908), the Richwood Spud and Splinter Festival Program (1940), and Eugene L. Huddleston's The World's Greatest Mallets: C \u0026 O H-8 Versus N \u0026 W Class A (Alderson, WV: Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Historical Society, 1986).","Boxes 24 and 25 contain books, including Comstock's autobiography.","This series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence. This series contains materials that are diverse in format, including letters, scripts for radio and other media, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial materials (e.g. bank books and checks), printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 7, Photographs. Some materials were moved to Series 17, Oversize -- see the Series 17 description for details.","Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files are dispersed throughout the series. Other notations that Comstock used include \"LR\" for letters received, \"Sp\" for speech-related correspondence, \"NL\" for News Leader-related correspondence, and \"HB\" for West Virginia Hillbilly-related correspondence.","Topics and items of interest include: \n letters written to Comstock by regional author Jesse Stuart, and by political figures such as Hubert H. Humphrey, Robert C. Byrd, Jennings Randolph, and Barry Goldwater (box 26 and others); rejection letters from newspapers and magazines to which Comstock submitted material (box 26); biographical material about Jim Comstock and his family, including a thesis about Comstock by Mary Abel (boxes 26 and 47); Larry Maynor, journalist for the Charleston Daily Mail (box 29); the sale and ultimate demise of the West Virginia Hillbilly (boxes 31 and 72); the University of Hard Knocks, including a mock-up diploma, resumes, and portrait photograph headshots of potential graduates (boxes 31 and 60); [Delf] Norona Collection payments (boxes 33 and 46); Pearl S. Buck (box 33 and others); Billy Edd Wheeler, West Virginia writer and musician (box 36); Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) reunion in 1979 (box 36); Otto Whittaker, who worked with Comstock on The Best of the Hillbilly (boxes 37 and 65); the West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia (box 40); Comstock's appearance on John Nebel's WOR radio show in 1960, including postcards and letters regarding the appearance and requests for Comstock's Richwood Kinsey Report as well as News Leader or West Virginia Hillbilly subscriptions (boxes 41-42); Comstock's appearance on the Today Show in 1966 (box 42); Comstock's appearance on Patricia/Patsy McCann's WOR radio show in New York in August 1977, including letters and postcards regarding the appearance and requests to receive the free six-week subscription to the West Virginia Hillbilly which Comstock offered on the show (boxes 42-43); writers, with an emphasis on West Virginia authors, whose work Comstock was interested in collecting (boxes 40, 44, 45, and 62); writings by Comstock, including short stories, articles, drafts, etc. (boxes 47-49); Comstock's nomination and campaign for a U.S. House of Representatives seat on the Republican ticket in 1964 (boxes 51 and 56); the West Virginia Hillbilly and News Leader, including morgue files, old articles, submissions, letters, and other items (boxes 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, and others; for oversize items, see Series 17, Oversize, box 116); Eck Bozeman (box 57); Comstock's pocket diaries (box 57); Comstock's naval service during World War II (box 60); H.C. Comstock, Jim's father (box 68); and historical research material, possibly for the Encyclopedia (box 72).","Please note that the above list is not exhaustive.","This series includes print photographs, negatives, cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photos, tintypes, photo postcards, slides, clippings, printed material, correspondence, photo plates, and eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies). Subjects include furniture; first ladies of West Virginia; historic homes of West Virginia; identified and unidentified individual and group portraits; cities and towns of West Virginia; buildings; scenery; Museum of the Hills in Richwood, WV; glass and glassmaking; and the Greenbrier. Some of the material in this series was transferred from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence -- in cases where the photographic item was attached to correspondence, the correspondence was transferred as well. Please note that some negatives are nitrate; keep these away from heat and handle with care. Additional photographic material can be found in Series 6, Correspondence, boxes 35, 54, 55, and 72. For photos of Fenton Glass products, see Series 5, Printed Material, box 22. Some oversize photos have been separated to the Photographs Collection; most of these have been added to West Virginia History OnView. Additional oversize photos can be found in Series 17, Oversize.","Contents of the eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies):","Box 80; Canister label: \"Huntington 1-6000 April 1947\" Box 80; Canister label: \"Chas. [Charleston?] 1957, Nitro, 1957; St. Albans, 1957, Old Chas., 1948, Airport, Big Scale (?)\" Box 80; Canister labels: \"Elk River Coal \u0026 Lumber Co., Aerial Map Flown April 1953.\" and \"City of Huntington Scale 1-6000 Apr 28 1947\" Box 80; Canister label: \"Harmony Near Ripley, [?] ft to 1\" old; Colin Creek Coal Stripping, large scale, 1948; Lake Chaweva, 1948; Armour Park, 1948; C\u0026O Ry [Railway?] Coal River 1948; Bellings Airport, 1947; Kanawha Airport, large and small scale, 12-9-1947; Strip to City Blvd 12-9-1947; City Strip \u0026 Kenna Home; C\u0026CCC Research 1947; Cedar Grove to Montgomery.\" Box 81; Unlabeled canister. Box 81; Canister label: \"1949\" Box 81; Canister label: \"Coal City - Park Beckley, 1947 [?]\" (not usable) Box 81; Canister label: \"4/20/53 Dick Stata Film, St. Albans - Charleston\" (not usable)","This series contains two rolls of 35 mm black and white motion picture film, and three rolls of 16 mm color motion picture film of a train. Also included is one of the canisters which contained the film. The box which formerly contained the film was labeled \"F.M.C. Movie Scraps.\" Please note that some reels are nitrate; handle with care.","This series contains two reels of microfilm, which were likely the property of Delf Norona before they were acquired by Comstock. The first reel contains West Virginia-related Civil War records; the second contains payroll and public service claims from the West Virginia region in the 1770s.","Reel 1 Contents Notes: Records of the War Department, Office of the Adjutant General, General Orders, Mountain Department, Army in the Field, May 9 - June 28, 1862. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington: 1956. 101 total pgs. March 18 - June 18, 1862 86 total pgs.","Reel 2 Contents Notes: Payroll for Pittsburgh, 122 leaves; Payroll for Romney, 43 leaves; Public Service Claims Romney and Winchester 1775, 37 leaves; Public Service Claims West Augusta 1775, 49 leaves; Records of Soldiers and Public Service in Dunmore's War, 279 leaves; index, 25 leaves.","This series includes two cassette tapes which were found in an envelope marked \"Larry Maynor Personal.\" The tapes include recordings of children reading stories and an oral history interview with an unidentified subject.","This series contains 75 wood framed glass lantern slides. Most slides are labeled with the subject, and some are dated. Subjects include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV, as well as Brooke County and Marshall County, WV, and Belmont County, Ohio. These images were likely created by Thomas M. Darrah of Belmont County, Ohio. For the two wooden boxes in which the slides were previously stored, please see Series 16, Artifacts, boxes 105 and 106.","This series includes scrapbooks which contain newspaper clippings and ephemera. Subjects include the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) and U.S. military history with a focus on Civil War history. These scrapbooks may have belonged to Colonel Albert Kern of Dayton, Ohio.","This series includes originals and copies of broadsides and posters. Included are a John Dillinger wanted poster (1934); a Garrett Snuff advertisement (undated); copies of various political notices (originals ca. 1827-1886); Russian broadsides with Cyrillic text, depicting events of the Russian Civil War, USSR propaganda, and other things (ca. 1920-1930); posters for the Marshall County Fair (ca. 1960) and the Moundsville, Powhatan and Clarington Seventh Grand Annual Picnic (1873); advertisements for the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus at the Moundsville Fairgrounds (undated); Showboat Rhododendron advertisements (undated); and other material.","This series includes original and facsimile maps, atlases, and books about maps. Highlights include pre- and post-Civil War maps of the West Virginia area; Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Illustrated: containing ... special history of the Virginias, maps and histories of Tyler and Wetzel Counties, West Virginia; maps of America before 1775; copies of [West] Virginia county maps by John Wood from 1820-1821; maps of various West Virginia cities, including, Morgantown, Moundsville, and Wheeling; and various Fry-Jefferson maps (original and copies). A detailed contents list of boxes 93-100b and map cabinet 1, drawer 12 is available.","Note that the date for each map reflects the date of creation of the item, though in the case of copies it may indicate the date of the creation of the original item rather than the date the copy was made. Also, the number of items may indicate different items or different pieces of the same map.","Not yet located; Item Number 113; County Map of Virginia and West Virginia; 1874","This series includes newspapers from Wheeling, as well as a special bicentennial salute issue of the West Virginia Hillbilly (1976). The majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated to the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings. A list of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder.","Most of the West Virginia newspapers have been microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113 in the Microfilm Room. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. Additional newspaper pages and clippings can be found throughout Series 6, Comstock Correspondence and Series 17, Oversize, box 117.","This series includes a variety of artifacts and ephemera belonging to or collected by Comstock.","Boxes 105 and 106 include two wooden boxes (undated) which contained glass lantern slides (see Series 11). One box is labeled \"T.M. Darrah.\" Also included are a fountain pen used by Secretary of the Interior Oscar Chapman to sign the contract to begin building the Bureau of Mines' Appalachian Experiment Station in Morgantown, WV, with letters documenting the donation of the pen by Senator Harley M. Kilgore (1952); and a dinner plate showing a photo-like image of a priest with a group of children, from St. Albans, WV (undated).","Box 107 includes various nametags for Comstock and his wife, from a variety of conventions and meetings (1960-1963, undated); glasses and sunglasses (undated); a sewing needle pack and a mini ruler advertising Jim Comstock for Congress (ca. 1964); a press pass for President Ford's visit to Charleston, WV (1975); and tickets to the Republican National Convention (1976); among other material.","Box 108 contains two figurines and four whiskey decanters. The figurines are a coal miner (made of coal, undated) and \"Morgan's Virginia Rifleman 1776\" (undated). The decanters are \"Old Time Coal Miner\" (1976), \"Coal Miner\" (1975), Robert E. Lee (undated), and Stonewall Jackson on horseback (undated).","Box 109 contains six whiskey decanters: Abraham Lincoln (undated), Stonewall Jackson (undated), Hill Billy (1969), General Stonewall Jackson (1974), Randolph McCoy (1973), and Devil Anse Hatfield (1973).","This series contains oversize material that may be relevant to other series.","This subseries includes paintings, sketches, prints, photographs, educational posters, architectural drawings, vinyl records, typescripts, transparencies, clippings, manuscripts, and printed material, among other formats. Topics include Pearl Buck's birthplace, West Virginia, the Civil War, Jim Comstock's work, and other topics. More manuscripts are in the Manuscripts subseries, box 118.","Box 110 and box 111, folders 1-2 contain artwork depicting Pearl Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, West Virginia, including paintings, sketches, a chalk drawing, and a plan for a sign (1965-1966, undated).","Box 111, folders 3-4 and unfoldered items include two West Virginia-related prints and an unidentified photo (undated); one framed and six unframed prints depicting mining machinery, possibly of Joy Manufacturing Company (undated); an unframed painting of a coal miner (undated); twelve mounted photographs and sketches (most unidentified, undated); and four rolled photographs (1918-1955?).","Box 112 includes educational posters regarding the Civil War and West Virginia history (undated). The posters include text, images, and photographs. Also includes mounted photographs, most with accompanying text, that have been added to West Virginia History On View. An additional eight posters regarding maps made by or related to North American Indians, likely assembled by Delf Norona, are also included (ca. 1950). For additional maps related to North American Indians/Native Americans, see also Series 14, Maps, box 98, item number 349.","Box 113 includes various West Virginia-related prints, including one of Mount Chantal near Wheeling (undated); prints of Civil War scenes sketched from nature and drawn on stone by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated); a copy print of the camps of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, 8th Army Corps. near Romney (undated); prints made from Civil War engravings (1960); W.R. Leigh bullfighting prints (1950); copies of architectural plans for alterations of Wheeling's Custom House and Post Office (undated); and other items.","Box 114 contains limited edition black and white prints from a series entitled \"Covered Bridges of West Virginia\" by Marj Teague (1977) and three copies of a vinyl record album titled \"The Legend of Clark Kessinger\" (ca. 1965).","Box 115 includes paintings by John Wellington (undated); oversize photos (undated); an unidentified floor plan (undated); and architectural drawings or blueprints for five properties that were part of the Historic American Buildings Survey (undated). These properties are \"The Old Stone Church\" Presbyterian, Lewisburg, WV; Harewood and the ruins of St. George's Chapel, both near Charles Town, Jefferson County, WV; Traveler's Rest, near Leetown, Jefferson County, WV; and the Lee Barn in Leetown, WV.","Box 116 includes radio scripts (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67); calendars (1984-1991); Hillbilly transparencies (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 54); various printed images and magazine clippings (1860-1921, undated); \"Our Wacky Weekly\" and newspaper article typescripts, probably written by Comstock (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 48, folder 1); and music-related magazines and pamphlets (1959-1966, undated).","Box 117 includes Berkeley County documents from the Barnet Cushwa Papers (see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 1, folders 1-5). These include lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc.; sheriff's office accounts; and land holdings (all 1854-1858). Box 117 also includes television scripts (undated); an envelope and survey plat from the Wells Family Papers (1856, undated; see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2a, folder 24); Civil War-related prints (1861-1868, 1955); newspaper clippings (1861, 1927-1944, undated; some from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67, folders 4 and 7); miscellaneous printed material (1817-1863, undated; includes facsimiles); and facsimile broadsides, legal documents, and clippings regarding West Virginia statehood (1861-1863).","This subseries includes oversize manuscripts, most of which pertain to West Virginia. West Virginia materials include pre- and post-statehood indentures, land grants, other legal documents, letters, certificates, and other formats pertaining to Barbour, Berkeley, Fayette, Hampshire, Hardy, Marshall, Ohio, Raleigh, and Tyler Counties. Additional indentures and land grants pertain to England (1650-1671, 1720-1721, 1833), and to Maryland, Virginia, and Texas.","This series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence, and is composed of a wide range of formats, including letters, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial documents, printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 21, Photographs.","Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files can be found in boxes 119-125. Other notations that Comstock used include \"NL\" for News Leader-related correspondence and \"HB\" for West Virginia Hillbilly-related correspondence.","Topics and items of interest include: card from Comstock to recent graduates regarding a gift subscription to the Hillbilly (undated) (box 119); Comstock's work with the Pearl Buck House (box 127); the University of Hard Knocks (box 128); photocopies of a scrapbook about ramps and Comstock's ramp-scented ink incident; and material regarding Comstock's work on the Hillbilly, the News Leader, and the West Virginia Encyclopedia (boxes 126-127 and other material throughout) (see also Series 20, Subject Files).","Please note that the above list is not exhaustive and that material on the above topics may also exist in boxes not mentioned.","*Please note: boxes 123  and 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes books, magazines, newspapers, journals, promotional materials, poetry, and sheet music. Topics include Jim Comstock's work, the state of West Virginia, WVU, Storer College, industry (e.g., coal, railways), and New England baked beans, among other topics.","Please note: box 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes mostly morgue files of material that Comstock used in connection with his newspapers. Contents are not in alphabetical order. Formats include clippings, typescripts, photographs, print material, and other formats. The News Leader morgue materials (boxes 137-138) include items on a variety of subjects, such as covered bridges and the early history of Clay County. The News Leader morgue material also includes a folder of autographs of early West Virginia governors and other politicians, such as D.D.T. Farnsworth, John J. Jacobs, and A.B. Fleming. The Hillbilly morgue materials (box 139-140) pertain to a wide variety of subjects, most of whom are likely local individuals. The Newspaper Subjects (boxes 141-146) includes material for which the intended newspaper was not specified; topics include specific local individuals, national figures like Abraham Lincoln, steel and other industries, and towns.","This series includes cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photographs, photographic prints, clippings, and other formats. Many subjects are identified. They include portraits and candid photos of individuals, families, politicians, sports figures, West Virginia towns and buildings. Other notable photographs include crime scene and/or accident photographs, including images of a non-commercial plane crash (undated), and photos of Jim Comstock at the West Virginia Senate (1966). Photographs can also be found in Series 18, Correspondence; Series 20, Subject Files; and Series 26, Oversize Material. \nPlease note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes magnetic recording tapes, a VHS tape about college financing, and a vinyl record and cassette tape of Billy Crain music.","This series includes a WVLA cloth ribbon, an empty wallet, and a West Virginia Picture Book imprint plate.","This series includes material from two scrapbooks. One set of loose scrapbook pages contains clippings chiefly regarding Comstock's \"Past 80\" parties (ca. 1956). The other scrapbook of newspaper clippings chronicles the history of Richwood's Sacred Heart Hospital during the years of influence of the Pallottine Sisters from 1913-1983 (ca. 1953-1984).","This series includes two account books. One contains stencil orders from various schools as well as other bills (1960s), and the other is an account book for 1954.","This series includes newspapers, magazines, clippings, posters, prints, photographs, artwork, calendars, a genealogy chart, and other material.","Newspapers and magazines in box 152 include the West Virginia Hillbilly Bicentennial special edition (1976), newspaper layouts from the Hillbilly (1950-1976, undated), and pages from Harper's Weekly (1861-1866).","Prints in boxes 153 and 154 include Civil War scenes by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated).","Photographs (in boxes 153-156 and loose folders) include regular oversize and cirkut (panoramic) photographs on a wide variety of subjects. Boxes 153 and 154 include photographs of unidentified buildings and a group portrait of a Civilian Conservation Corps reunion (1982). Boxes 155 and 156 include photos of Evenwood (1915), group portrait of a conference of National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (ca. 1932), campaign photographs (ca. 1972), an unidentified group of cars preparing for a parade (undated), and duplicates from the loose folders.","Additional cirkut photos include: Loose folder 1: a group portrait of the West Virginia Young People's Conference, Greenbrier Military School, Lewisburg, WV (1929), and a group portrait of the Divisional Young People's Congress, Charleston, WV (1929); Loose folder 2: a group portrait of the Western Virginia Conference Epworth League (1928-1929); Loose folder 3: photos of an unidentified bridge and factories or plants (1916 and undated) and the Appalachian Electric Power Company Turner Substation (1929); Loose folder 4: a birds-eye view of Richwood (undated) and a group portrait of Cabin Creek Consolidated Coal Company Safety First Teams (1933).","Box 156 also includes a genealogy chart and architectural drawings. The genealogy chart (undated) documents the Paull family, which is accompanied by a note: \"Goes with Jefferson [Fry-Jefferson?] Map.\" The architectural drawings (1972-1976, undated) depict buildings from Richwood.\n \n Box 157 includes a book of exhibits from the Virginia vs. West Virginia Supreme Court case in 1914, and a license for John W. Love to practice Law (1925).\n \n Also includes a muster roll for Company I, 2nd Regiment, [West] Virginia Volunteer Cavalry, U.S. Army (1863 February).","This series includes maps of West Virginia locations, such as Greenbrier County and the Monongahela National Forest, as well as maps of other states and a few world maps.","Mostly financial and legal documents from Marion, Monongalia, and Harrison Counties, bulk from 1840s to 1860s.","Separated to A\u0026M collections:","Various autographed items have been moved to A\u0026M 435.","Account book volumes 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 3b, and 3c, daybooks and ledgers from the Sistersville General Store run by Joshua and William Russell, were separated to A\u0026M 3071, Russell, Joshua \u0026 William. Sistersville General Store. Daybooks and Ledgers.","Account book volumes 4, 4a, and 4b, daybooks of John Goshorn, were separated to A\u0026M 2426, Goshorn Family. Papers.","Account book volumes 6-8, law records and accounts of Judge George A. Vincent, as well as Vincent's letters from the Historical Documents series, were separated to A\u0026M 3068, Vincent, George A., Lawyer and Judge. Papers.","Separated to the Printed Ephemera Collection:","Articles, maps, and letters, 1582-1877  (includes selections relating to the South Seas during the colonial period), on 1 reel of microfilm, P13438","Articles, letters, maps, and speeches, 1808-1863  (16 items which are listed on a sheet in the box), 1 reel of microfilm, P13439","Burnett, Nancy S. Slovenes in Rural Appalachia: An Oral History (Richwood, W. Va.: News Leader Press, 1994).","Separated to Printed Ephemera (Pamphlets), Periodicals, etc.:","West Virginia Odd Fellow, 1919, Charleston (1 item)","West Virginia State Weekly, 1910-1911, Fairmont (several items)","Exponent, 1917-1918, Moundsville (4 items)","Oros, 1927, Moundsville (1 item)","Pedagogue's Pastime, 1885, Moundsville (3 items)","Princeton Observer, 1950 (1 item)","Searchlight, Summersville (32 items)","West Virginia Farm Journal, 1872, Union (1 item)","Church Calendar, 1917, Wheeling (1 item)","Church News, 1892, Wheeling (1 item)","English Lutheran, 1900, Wheeling (1 item)","Musical Monthly, 1896-1897, Wheeling (6 items)","The Saturday Review, 1912 August 10, Wheeling","State Fair News, 1910, Wheeling (1 item)","William's Courier, undated, Wheeling (1 item)","Valley News Echo, Hagerstown, MD; reprint of an 1861 paper","Haney's Journal, 1869 March-October except July, New York (several items)","Our Southern Home, 1893 November, Hamlet, NC","Books separated to the West Virginia Collection or the WVU Downtown Library stacks:","Donnelly, Shirley. Yesterday and Today: A Keepsake I, II, and III. Fayetteville, W. Va.: Fayette County Historical Society, no date.","Keepsake Stories of the Ozarks. Cassville, Mo.: Litho Printers, 1978.","Norton, Andre. Catseye. London: Gollancz, 1974.","Deacon, William A. The Four Jameses. Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada, 1974.","Haslip, Joan. Catherine the Great: A Biography. New York: Putnam, 1977.","Separated to the Maps Collection:","Virginie [Virginia], Maryland en 2 Feuilles par Fry et Jefferson, 1777","Bird's Eye View of the City of Wheeling, West Virginia","Sistersville, West Virginia","Bird's Eye View of Philippi, West Virginia","Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia","Fairmont and Palatine, West Virginia","Mannington, West Virginia","Morgantown, West Virginia","Clarksburg, West Virginia","Davis, Tucker County, West Virginia","Grafton, West Virginia","Cairo, West Virginia","Cameron, West Virginia","Harrisville, Ritchie County, West Virginia","Moundsville, West Virginia","New Martinsville, West Virginia","Parkersburg, Blennerhasset Island, West Virginia","Pennsboro, West Virginia","Salem, West Virginia","St. Mary's, West Virginia","Wellsburg, West Virginia","Buckhannon, West Virginia","Weston, West Virginia","Bird's Eye View of Keyser, West Virginia","View of Parsons, West Virginia","Aero View of Bluefield, West Virginia","Aero View of Keystone, West Virginia","Aero View of North Fork and Town of Clark, West Virginia","West Virginia Agricultural Society on Wheeling Island","Note: A spreadsheet with more details regarding the separated maps can be found in the control folder.","The majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated into the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings. Lists of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder. Most of the West Virginia newspapers were microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. On the third page is a list of items separated from the Comstock Collection to printed ephemera (pamphlets), periodicals, etc.","Sheet music separated to A\u0026M 723, Sheet Music:","Americans, Together.","Back to West Virginia.","Battle of Port Royal.","Brave Boys Are They.","Canoeing on the Kanawha.","Capt. Linch March.","Cherry.","Cotton Field Dance.","Down in the Lonely Dell.","Dynamite Twist.","Fair West Virginia.","Fire Fly Polka.","Glory Hallelujah.","Going Back to West Virginia.","Home Alone in West Virginia.","I Have Something Sweet to Tell You.","Imagine Me.","In Flanders' Fields.","I Want to Go Back to Michigan Down On the Farm.","J'aime Mon Amour.","Just Before the Battle, Mother.","Kingdom Coming.","La Violette de Carafa.","Love and Devotion.","Memory's Dream.","Men of West Augusta.","Mountain Land West Virginia.","On, On, On, the Boys Came Marching!","Our Grateful Heart Save Singing.","Reminiscing at Cass or the Greenbrier Shay.","Something Tells Me You're the Girl.","Song of a Woman.","Sweet Kitty Wells.","The Ballad of Oakland.","The Battle Cry of Freedom.","The Last Hope.","The Self Service Chain Store.","The Sunny Hours of Childhood.","The Vacant Chair.","The West Virginia Singer.","There's a Little Spark of Love Still Burning.","Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! The Prisoners Hope.","We Are Mountaineers.","West Virginia.","West Virginia! And My Home.","West Virginia University Songs.","What a Lovely Day!","Who Will Care For Mother Now?","Wild and Wonderful West Virginia.","William Tell Overture.","Willie My Brave.","Transferred to A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers: Correspondence, manuscripts, articles, photographs and clippings by and about Pearl S. Buck and her birthplace collected by Jim Comstock (1938-1973; 6 in.)","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","Papers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the West Virginia Hillbilly and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers. Materials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]). An addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company","Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995"],"collection_ssim":["Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, 1650/2003, bulk 1850/1995"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 2600","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5370"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 2600","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/5370"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Fairmont (W. Va.)","Marshall County (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wheeling (W. Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Fairmont (W. Va.)","Marshall County (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wheeling (W. Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Berkeley County (W. Va.)","Fairmont (W. Va.)","Marshall County (W. Va.)","Pennsylvania","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Wheeling (W. Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996"],"creator_ssim":["Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company"],"creators_ssim":["Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony.","West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Banks and banking","General stores","Glass manufacture","Mexican War, 1846-1848","Newspapers.","Political campaigns","Propaganda, Soviet","Whiskey decanters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Banks and banking","General stores","Glass manufacture","Mexican War, 1846-1848","Newspapers.","Political campaigns","Propaganda, Soviet","Whiskey decanters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["65.25 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 3 1/4 in. (102 document cases, 5 in. each); (7 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (5 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 record cartons, 17 in. each); (6 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (8 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (8 flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (11 medium flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (10 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (6 oversize folders, 1 1/4 in. total)"],"extent_tesim":["65.25 Linear Feet Summary: 65 ft. 3 1/4 in. (102 document cases, 5 in. each); (7 document cases, 2 1/2 in. each); (5 record cartons, 15 in. each); (2 record cartons, 17 in. each); (6 large flat storage boxes, 1 1/2 in. each); (2 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (8 large flat storage boxes, 3 in. each); (8 flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (11 medium flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (10 large flat storage boxes, 3 1/2 in. each); (1 large flat storage box, 5 in.); (6 oversize folders, 1 1/4 in. total)"],"date_range_isim":[1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBox 93 cannot be retrieved for use at this time. Please contact the West Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center for more information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Box 93 cannot be retrieved for use at this time. Please contact the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center for more information.","Researchers may access digitized materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLucy Elizabeth Prichard\u003c/emph\u003e (October 26, 1876 - July 29, 1964) was born in Cattlettsburg, Kentucky. Daughter of Robert H. and Mary Prichard, she had a brother, Karl, and a sister-in-law, Elizabeth. Lucy taught at Huntington High School from 1899-1913, and taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College (now Marshall University) from 1914-1941. Marshall's Prichard Hall was named in her honor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLouis Eckert Reed\u003c/emph\u003e (born October 1, 1899 in Wirt County, WV; died January 31, 1979 in Elizabeth, WV) served as a sergeant in the US Army during WWI, served as Administrative Assistant to Senator Chapman Revercomb, and worked as a prosecuting attorney in Wirt County, WV. He also wrote for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAtlantic Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eJames Franklin \"Jim\" Comstock\u003c/emph\u003e was born to Harry Clinton and Myrtle Blanche in Richwood, West Virginia on February 25, 1911. He married Miss Ola Stowers in Huntington, WV, on October 18, 1933; they would have two daughters, Sandra Ferguson and Elaine Nagy, and a son, Jay. In 1934, Comstock received B.A. from Marshall College (now Marshall University). From 1938-1942, he taught at Richwood High School and wrote for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eClarksburg Telegram\u003c/emph\u003e. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944-1946, and upon returning home he founded the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNicholas County News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e (originally \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Letter\u003c/emph\u003e) with Bronson D. McClung (1920-2004), a former student of his. On December 25, 1963, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNicholas County News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e combined with \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNicholas Republican\u003c/emph\u003e; in 1984, it became the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRichwood News Leader\u003c/emph\u003e. Comstock remained an active part of the paper till his death on May 22, 1996.\n \n In 1957, Comstock founded the weekly \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e with McClung, and became its editor. The paper included feature articles, columns of special interest to West Virginians, book notes, and the \"Comstock Load,\" the editor's own column on the back page. Comstock first tried to sell the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003ein 1976. In 1981, he sold it to the South Charleston Publishing Company. On February 25, 1986, he repurchased and began resuscitating the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e. In 1992, he sold the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003eto Sandy McCauley. In 2001, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003eceased publication.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eComstock was involved in many endeavors in addition to his newspaper editing and reporting activities. In 1963, he ran unsuccessfully for Congress on the Republican ticket. He wrote, edited, and contributed to various books, including \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePa and Ma and Mr. Kennedy\u003c/emph\u003e, a 50-volume \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\u003c/emph\u003e, and a collection of newspaper highlights entitled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBest of Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e. He was also involved in republishing books by West Virginian authors. He campaigned to purchase and preserve author Pearl S. Buck's birthplace at Hillsboro, and he helped save the Cass Scenic Railroad. He also founded the University of Hard Knocks, a lighthearted honorary society that recognizes the accomplishments of people who have succeeded in life without a college degree.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lucy Elizabeth Prichard (October 26, 1876 - July 29, 1964) was born in Cattlettsburg, Kentucky. Daughter of Robert H. and Mary Prichard, she had a brother, Karl, and a sister-in-law, Elizabeth. Lucy taught at Huntington High School from 1899-1913, and taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College (now Marshall University) from 1914-1941. Marshall's Prichard Hall was named in her honor.","Louis Eckert Reed (born October 1, 1899 in Wirt County, WV; died January 31, 1979 in Elizabeth, WV) served as a sergeant in the US Army during WWI, served as Administrative Assistant to Senator Chapman Revercomb, and worked as a prosecuting attorney in Wirt County, WV. He also wrote for Atlantic Monthly.","James Franklin \"Jim\" Comstock was born to Harry Clinton and Myrtle Blanche in Richwood, West Virginia on February 25, 1911. He married Miss Ola Stowers in Huntington, WV, on October 18, 1933; they would have two daughters, Sandra Ferguson and Elaine Nagy, and a son, Jay. In 1934, Comstock received B.A. from Marshall College (now Marshall University). From 1938-1942, he taught at Richwood High School and wrote for the Clarksburg Telegram. He served in the U.S. Navy from 1944-1946, and upon returning home he founded the Nicholas County News Leader (originally News Letter) with Bronson D. McClung (1920-2004), a former student of his. On December 25, 1963, the Nicholas County News Leader combined with Nicholas Republican; in 1984, it became the Richwood News Leader. Comstock remained an active part of the paper till his death on May 22, 1996.\n \n In 1957, Comstock founded the weekly West Virginia Hillbilly with McClung, and became its editor. The paper included feature articles, columns of special interest to West Virginians, book notes, and the \"Comstock Load,\" the editor's own column on the back page. Comstock first tried to sell the Hillbilly in 1976. In 1981, he sold it to the South Charleston Publishing Company. On February 25, 1986, he repurchased and began resuscitating the Hillbilly. In 1992, he sold the Hillbilly to Sandy McCauley. In 2001, the Hillbilly ceased publication.","Comstock was involved in many endeavors in addition to his newspaper editing and reporting activities. In 1963, he ran unsuccessfully for Congress on the Republican ticket. He wrote, edited, and contributed to various books, including Pa and Ma and Mr. Kennedy, a 50-volume West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia, and a collection of newspaper highlights entitled Best of Hillbilly. He was also involved in republishing books by West Virginian authors. He campaigned to purchase and preserve author Pearl S. Buck's birthplace at Hillsboro, and he helped save the Cass Scenic Railroad. He also founded the University of Hard Knocks, a lighthearted honorary society that recognizes the accomplishments of people who have succeeded in life without a college degree."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, A\u0026amp;M 2600, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Jim Comstock, Newspaper Editor and Collector, Papers, A\u0026M 2600, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAtlantic Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Historical Documents; 1717, 1754-1988, undated (includes facsimiles); box 1 - box 3, folder 2.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 2. Lucy Prichard Papers; 1913-1936, undated; box 3, folders 3-8.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 3. Louis Reed Papers; ca. 1960-1975, undated; boxes 4-5.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 4. Account Books; 1830-1938; boxes 6-17.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 5. Printed Material; 1829-1995, undated; boxes 18-25.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 6. Comstock Correspondence; 1882-1995, undated (bulk 1950-1995); boxes 26-72.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 7. Photographs; ca. 1850s-1995, undated; boxes 73-81.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 8. Motion Pictures; undated; box 82.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 9. Microfilm; undated; box 82.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 10. Cassette Tapes; undated; box 82.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 11. Glass Lantern Slides; 1871-1897, undated; boxes 83-85.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 12. Scrapbooks; 1883-1918; boxes 86-91.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 13. Broadsides; ca. 1827-1960 (includes facsimiles); box 92.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 14. Maps; 1730-1976, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 93-103, and map cabinet 1, drawer 12.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 15. Newspapers; ca. 1826-1924, 1976; box 104.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 16. Artifacts; 1952-1976, undated; boxes 105-109.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 17. Oversize; 1650-1671, 1720-1991, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 110-118.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eAddendum of 2013/05\u003c/emph\u003e includes material much like that in the initial acquisition, divided into the following series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 18. Correspondence; 1838-2003, undated (bulk 1950-1995); box 119 - box 133 folder 4, and box 134 folders 1-11.*\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 19. Publications; 1889-2002, undated; box 133, folders 5-6, box 134, folder 12, and boxes 135-136.*\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 20. Subject Files; ca. 1851-1995, undated; boxes 137-146.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 21. Photographs; ca. 1870s-2003, undated; boxes 147-149.*\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 22. Audio-Visual Material; 1990-1992, undated; box 150.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 23. Artifacts; undated; box 151, folders 1-2.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 24. Scrapbooks; ca. 1953-1984; box 151, folder 3 and scrapbook.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 25. Account Books; 1954-1960s; box 151 ledgers.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 26. Oversize Material; 1861-1866, 1893-1933, 1950-1998, undated; box 152 - box 156, folder 3, loose folders 1-4, oversize folder 1, and box 157.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 27. Maps; 1884-1891, 1920, 1957-1987; box 156, folders 4-10.\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\nSeries 28. Historical Documents; 1839-1909; box 158.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e*Please note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes financial records such as receipts and invoices, legal documents such as deeds and court cases, correspondence, land records, genealogy materials, ephemera, and typescript histories. Box 1 includes three subgroups: the Barnet Cushwa Papers, West Virginia Documents, and Non-West Virginia Documents. Boxes 2a-3 contain material of mixed origin. Additional historical documents can be found in Series 17, Oversize, and in subseries Oversize--Manuscripts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes a collection of materials documenting the activities of Cushwa, a prominent farmer and later the sheriff of Berkeley County in the 1850s. Cushwa's papers reveal his activities as administrator of the Daniel Gehr estate (1839-1843). The Berkeley County documents, including lists of landholdings, orders, taxes, and fee collections, demonstrate his duties as sheriff in the 1850s. See Series 17, Oversize, box 117 for Berkeley County land holdings, sheriff's accounts, and lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc. (1854-1858).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries is comprised of correspondence and other material, principally concerning commercial and development activities in north-central West Virginia. These items are grouped by county; please note that there is overlap between counties. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e Highlights include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eitems relating to Harman Blennerhassett (box 1, folder 12); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea six-page letter written by William G. Brown answering questions concerning the constitutionality of the movement for West Virginia statehood (June 28, 1862) (box 1, folder 13); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eletters and reminiscences focusing on the reunions of the Battle of Philippi (1911-1935) (box 1, folder 14); and \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003etwo letters from the abolitionist John Brown (box 1, folder 15).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional West Virginia documents can be found in boxes 2a-2c.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHighlights of this subseries include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003efour letters from soldiers in the Mexican War; \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eseventeen letters from Pennsylvania soldier James M. Weaver, principally to his wife, during his service in the Civil War; \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea confidential letter from President James Monroe explaining his policy on fortifying the frontier; \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eseven Booker T. Washington letters; \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003etwo letters from Revolutionary War general Horatio Gates; and \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea folder of letters written by famous 19th century figures including Samuel Clemens, Collis P. Huntington, Nathaniel P. Banks, and Newton D. Baker.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries contains correspondence, invoices, deeds, tax documents, court cases, and other material. Most of the items pertain to West Virginia. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eHighlights include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ebills and invoices of G.H.A. Kunst and John H. Kunst (1853-1867, 1892-1893); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003epapers of the Wells family of Sistersville (1806-1885); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea telegram regarding the burning of Harpers Ferry (1861); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ea broadside listing members of Company H, 3rd Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Infantry (undated); and \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003elegal documents regarding the manumission of slaves (1820-1828, 1856).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLucy Prichard taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College from 1914 to 1941. This series includes correspondence, photographs, and printed material. Correspondence includes Karl Prichard's letters (1918) and Lucy Prichard's letters (1925-1927, undated). Lucy's letters are addressed to her mother, Mrs. R.H. Prichard, in Huntington, WV. Many of Lucy's letters relate to her travels and studies in the Peloponnesus peninsula of Greece, the British Isles, Western Europe, and Italy in 1925 and 1927. For more information on Lucy Prichard, see the Historical Note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspaper clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed. The newspaper clippings show images of Reed family photos (1960). The typescripts are short stories written by Louis, many likely unpublished. Also included are notes and a draft of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBurning Springs, Virginia: The Civil War's Unsolved Mystery\u003c/emph\u003e, initially a paper that Reed prepared for the West Virginia Historical Society (see \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBurning Springs, West Virginia: the Civil War's Unsolved Mystery\u003c/emph\u003e, by Louis Reed, self-published in Elizabeth, WV, 1960). This material may have been developed for his later fictional novel, \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eBurning Springs\u003c/emph\u003e (published in Huntington, WV by University Editions/Aegina Press, 1985). For more information on Reed, see the Historical Note. A letter from Louis Reed to Jim Comstock regarding Reed's book \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWarning in Appalachia\u003c/emph\u003e (1967) can be found in Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 62, folder 27. Other letters from Reed may be found elsewhere in Series 6, Correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes 27 account books, many of which relate to north-central West Virginia businesses. These ledgers document general stores, a Jewish-owned clothing store in Richwood, the activities of an itinerant Methodist minister in the mining villages of north-central West Virginia, grocery stores and meat markets, a glass manufacturer, and other businesses. See Separated Materials note for information on volumes separated to other collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThistle and Cox formed a partnership in Tyler County, [West] Virginia in March of 1835. This is the partnership's first ledger, which spans the years 1835-1837, but reference is made to the transfer of accounts to at least one subsequent ledger. The business appears to have been located near the Ohio River (probably in Sistersville), since customers included Ohio as well as Tyler County citizens. Although the debit side for each customer only lists the term \"merchandise\" for purchases, the ledger reveals the barter nature of much of the rural economy of Tyler County on the credit side. Among items received in trade by Thistle and Cox were chestnuts, hides, bees wax, rags, sand, tobacco, clothes, meats, produce, and various forms of labor. The ledger also frequently lists the occupations or residences of many of the customers. Included were coopers, tanners, blacksmiths, preachers, schoolteachers, and carpenters, scattered from Point Pleasant to Wheeling.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInventory and Book Accounts. This volume contains a 66-page inventory of goods on hand and their prices in a Tyler County general store in January 1877. The inventory is divided into the following categories: fancy groceries, groceries, men's shoes, ladies' shoes, children's shoes, overshoes, dress goods, wall paper, housewares, and other. Starting on page 71 is a four-page list of the book accounts of the store's customers, presumably on that same date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cordray Carriage Company was a short-lived business in Fairmont, WV. The ledger lists only the customers and the amount they owed T.L. Cordray, the proprietor of the Carriage Company. The ledger does not list the services for which the customers were charged. However, one itemized account invoice on an inserted piece of paper suggests that the Cordray Carriage Company repaired vehicles. For H.O. Amos, from 1907 through 1911, the Company repaired couplings, repaired and painted the body, repaired the interior, raised the body, and tightened and repaired the fenders, for a total charge of $118. The ledger includes more than 400 customers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA. H. Breckstein was a Jewish merchant who operated a clothing store in the boom town of Richwood, in Nicholas County. Volume 10 is a cash book detailing daily transactions in the store, both sales and expenses, for part of 1910, and consistently for the period 1928 to 1936. There are also monthly accountings of both cash and credit sales as well as expenses. Volume 11 documents sales and purchases of clothing for the period 1926 to 1934. The sales portion of this volume repeats information available in volume 10. Volume 12 is a ledger of accounts payable for the period 1921-1928, showing the firms from which Breckstein purchased his goods. Included are companies in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and New York.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ.C. Shock was a Methodist minister assigned to a parish in Pullman, WV in 1910. However, he also appeared to be an itinerant preacher, and his account book lists ministerial services provided for the towns and villages of Duffy, Straight Fork, Falls Mill, Glady, and Kingknob, in the north-central West Virginia counties of Lewis, Ritchie, and Wetzel. The account book documents Shock's ministry, listing the text for sermons preached at various towns as well as the contributions of those towns to his salary. Most of the entries cover the years 1910-1917, at which time his base of operations seems to have shifted permanently to Falls Run and Falls Mill in Braxton County. There are entries for sermons, marriages, and assessments for those towns running to 1938. An additional folder contains miscellaneous documents related to Shock found within the ledger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1890s, Mrs. Samuel C. Gans operated a general store in Moundsville, which by 1900 was specializing in dry goods. This ledger reflects the volume of business and the timing and means of settling accounts. The early pages (for the 1890s) are more detailed, listing the items purchased from the general store. For the later period, the entries are frequently limited to the terms \"goods\" or \"merchandise.\" The back of the volume also contains some notes and miscellaneous accounts, such as rooms rented.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1892, a number of Charleston's German families banded together to form an Evangelical Lutheran Church. Subscriptions for a building fund and other church work began to be collected in October of that year. This ledger documents the subscriptions of the founding members of St. Paul's Evangelical Church. It also provides an accounting of the expenses and building funds contributed by the members, including the purchase of a lot on Court Street in Charleston, the church's construction, and the salary of the minister.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese volumes were written by Albert S. Hayden, Notary Public in and for the county of Marion and the state of West Virginia. He recorded handwritten copies of promissory notes and bills presented at Fairmont, WV banks for redemption, which were protested by the First National Bank of Fairmont's cashier. The ledgers also list the date protested, by whom, and the notices mailed to note signers. Most notes originated in West Virginia, but some originated in Ohio. Volume 16a covers 1870-1873. Volume 16b covers 1875-1876.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnthony Zidn operated a grocery and dry goods store outside of Fairmont on RFD #2. Zidn was an immigrant from the Middle East (perhaps Armenia, as suggested by the fact he kept his accounts in Persian and had a Christian name). These three ledgers document his business, although most of the information is written in Persian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Price Brothers operated a general store in the small village of Amos on the Paw Paw Creek, eleven miles from the town of Fairmont in Marion County. The Price Brothers sold all sorts of groceries to people in the town, as documented by this ledger. In addition, the Polk business directory for 1902-1903 notes that the Price sisters operated a millinery business in Amos. There are loose papers within the ledger, including statements and product advertisements (1905-1907, undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the turn of the century, there were four wholesale meat provisioners in Wheeling. This ledger represents the operations of one of them for the years 1901-1902. The company principally supplied general stores and grocers in eastern Ohio, northern West Virginia, southwestern Pennsylvania, and western Maryland. However, individuals could also buy directly. Entries typically include the name of the purchaser, the town in which the purchaser resides, and the amount of the purchase. For local buyers, the ledger frequently lists the Wheeling address. Since transactions are usually noted only as merchandise, it is impossible to glean what types of meats were being purchased at what costs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJacob Hornbrook was born in Tavistock, England, in 1812 and moved with his parents to Wheeling when he was a small child. Jacob's father ran a small [business?] in Wheeling. As a young man, Jacob began a mercantile business buying and selling produce on the flatboats travelling on the Ohio River. He later started a notions store, purchased interest in a steamship line and the First National Bank, and was president and owned stock in the Wheeling Gas Company. These three books, a journal (volume 20; 1847-1874), a ledger (volume 21; 1847-1874), and a cash book (volume 22; 1845-1874), document his business interests, investments, and personal expenses during the last three decades of his life. Although he remained an active investor, Hornbrook retired from his mercantile business in 1855 with an estate valued at more than $30,000. In 1852, he moved to what he called \"Forest Home\" near Wheeling Park, and he served in the West Virginia legislature during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume includes a manuscript copy of the act \"To incorporate the Wheeling Gas Company\" issued March 18, 1850; a copy of a related Wheeling city ordinance, issued April 29, 1850; stockholders meeting minutes, April 15, April 25, May 1, May 9, and May 11, 1850; and lists of subscribers, the number of shares of stock, and the amount paid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge C. Gans was a physician practicing in Marshall County in the decades prior to the Civil War. Although most of his patients resided in the area around Moundsville and Elizabeth, Gans does not appear in either the 1840 or the 1850 U.S. census schedules for Marshall County. The ledger documents his treatment of families in Marshall County for a wide variety of ills, including typhoid fever (1861), cholera (1847), and farm injuries. Gans also routinely attended childbirths. His treatments included blistering, bleeding, venesection, lancing, and operating as well as administering medicine and pills. In return for his services, Gans routinely accepted farm produce, labor on his farm, and other useful items such as shingles. He went on to serve as an assistant surgeon in the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis is a ledger of an Elizabeth, PA, glass manufacturer's accounts with his workers. The manufacturer ran some type of company store, and the ledger thus includes debits for cash and merchandise received by the workers and credits for the various types of labor performed, including glass blowing, teasing, cutting, coal mining, blacksmithing, and box making. In addition, the ledger includes the manufacturer's accounts with a boarding house owner for boarding his workers and with a local merchant who supplied the company store. In general, the ledger provides insights into the earnings of mid-19th century artisans as well as the operation of a small, rural glass-making establishment.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis consignment book documents commodity prices and the wide variety of goods received by a Wheeling commission merchant house during the 1830s. It also provides insights into the local industrial development, since the commission merchants routinely received goods on consignment from local manufacturers, such as the German Manufacturing Company (textiles). At the beginning of the book, there is evidence that the firm engaged a peddler to make trips in 1830, and the commission house also conducted auctions during the 1830s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoses Chapline was a prominent citizen in Wheeling, at various times an attorney, a general store owner, and in the 1830s, mayor. This daybook documents the daily trade at his store during 1845. Included are entries for purchases of a wide variety of goods as well as entries for store expenses, such as insurance, soap, and transportation. The A. Loring who appears frequently throughout was probably Alonzo Loring, a clerk at the store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarry Hood and Company was a retail meat and dairy market in Fairmont, WV. This ledger covers the last few months of 1906 and the first months of 1907. It documents purchases of meat from wholesale producers, such as Armour and Company, and sales of meat to local businesses and individuals in Fairmont. Transactions are typically listed only as \"merchandise,\" making it difficult to glean any information concerning prices or consumption patterns. The ledger is used only for the first 150 of its 500 pages, and the business does not appear in the Polk business directory of 1906-1907, suggesting the possibility that it folded some time in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis ledger documents a general store in Tyler County, probably near Middlebourne, the county seat. Although fairly routine entries characterize customer purchases, the volume also documents purchases from wholesale merchants, beginning on page 251. Included are such firms as Hubbard and Paull, and Jos. Speidel, both of Wheeling; Ed Roome of Sistersville; and Burgunder Brothers and Company, of Columbus, Ohio. Also, the ledger often lists the occupations of the store's customers. Included are John Gates, an oil rig builder (reflecting the emergence of the local oil business) and a number of customers connected to a local woolen mill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Gallaher, Christian Ansbrutz, and Caleb Bleakmor started a general store partnership in 1853. Prior to that date, Gallaher operated a store in Moundsville, which is documented in the first 90 pages of the daybook. The daybook follows the partnership for only six months (until September 1853), but then another Moundsville general store (involving Bleakmor) used the daybook during 1856. In the 1850 census, Bleakmor was listed as a constable, age 49, born in Maryland; and Ansbrutz was listed as a miller, age 47, born in France, worth $23,000. Only Gallaher, a 53-year-old Irishman worth $12,000, was listed as a merchant. From the evidence in the daybook, it appears that the partnership was short-lived.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes ephemera, sheet music, booklets, pamphlets, and correspondence. Additional miscellaneous printed material can be found in Series 17, Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 18 includes calendars, sheet music, notecards, and printed material related to West Virginia history. The notecards include screen printed notecards from Wolf Creek Printery in Alderson, WV (1976). The history printed material includes a booklet entitled \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWheeling Bicentennial, 1769-1969\u003c/emph\u003e (1969?).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 19 includes West Virginia serial publications and magazines, as well as printed material about West Virginia schools and locations. Highlights include three issues of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Searchlight\u003c/emph\u003e, a serial about education (two published in Summersville, WV [1895-1896], and one published in Fayetteville, WV [1899]); an issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Mikrophone: Devoted to Religion, Morality, and Temperance \u003c/emph\u003e(published in Highland, WV, by D.H. Davis, 1906); Scottish Rite pamphlets (published in Wheeling, 1910-1917); the Richwood High School Class of 1940 reunion program (1960); Craigsville Grade School's first yearbook (1973); and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eMountaineer Spirit\u003c/emph\u003e, a WVU student magazine featuring an article about Jim Comstock (1968).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 20 includes non-West Virginia serial publications and magazines. Highlights include an issue of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Religious Magazine, or Spirit of the Foreign Theological Journals and Reviews\u003c/emph\u003e (Philadelphia: E. Littell, 1829); and E.D. Cope's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eOn Vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous Rocks of the North West Territory\u003c/emph\u003e (Montreal: W.F. Brown \u0026amp; Co., 1891); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNaval Training School -- Indoctrination, Hollywood Florida: Quarterdeck, Class of 3-44, 20 June 1944\u003c/emph\u003e (Hollywood, FL: Naval Training School, 1944); and issue no. 18 of \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePapers from the Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge\u003c/emph\u003e (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 21 includes various writings, such as student literary magazines, works of fiction, poetry booklets, and George T. Swain's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Incomparable Don Chafin\u003c/emph\u003e (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 22 includes George T. Swain's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eFacts About the Two Armed Marches on Logan\u003c/emph\u003e (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962), as well as printed materials for a variety of West Virginia and non-West Virginia businesses and organizations. These include advertisements and booklets regarding the West Virginia glass industry, including Fenton Glass (1966-1976, undated), a Woman's Club of Gassaway booklet (1970), a reprint of the Berkeley Springs Hotel Brochure of 1885 (1988), and the constitution of the First Baptist Church of Richwood, WV (undated). For additional business-related printed material, see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2b, folders 11-12.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Box 23 includes miscellaneous booklets, programs, book plates, articles, clippings, and other material. Highlights include \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eRules of Practice in the United States Patent Office\u003c/emph\u003e (Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1892), Elbert Hubbard's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLittle Journeys to the Homes of Great Teachers: Erasmus\u003c/emph\u003e (East Aurora, Erie County, NY: The Roycrofters, 1908), the Richwood Spud and Splinter Festival Program (1940), and Eugene L. Huddleston's \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe World's Greatest Mallets: C \u0026amp; O H-8 Versus N \u0026amp; W Class A\u003c/emph\u003e (Alderson, WV: Chesapeake \u0026amp; Ohio Historical Society, 1986).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Boxes 24 and 25 contain books, including Comstock's autobiography.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence. This series contains materials that are diverse in format, including letters, scripts for radio and other media, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial materials (e.g. bank books and checks), printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 7, Photographs. Some materials were moved to Series 17, Oversize -- see the Series 17 description for details.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files are dispersed throughout the series. Other notations that Comstock used include \"LR\" for letters received, \"Sp\" for speech-related correspondence, \"NL\" for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e-related correspondence, and \"HB\" for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e-related correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Topics and items of interest include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n letters written to Comstock by regional author Jesse Stuart, and by political figures such as Hubert H. Humphrey, Robert C. Byrd, Jennings Randolph, and Barry Goldwater (box 26 and others); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003erejection letters from newspapers and magazines to which Comstock submitted material (box 26); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ebiographical material about Jim Comstock and his family, including a thesis about Comstock by Mary Abel (boxes 26 and 47); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLarry Maynor, journalist for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCharleston Daily Mail\u003c/emph\u003e (box 29); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ethe sale and ultimate demise of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e (boxes 31 and 72); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ethe University of Hard Knocks, including a mock-up diploma, resumes, and portrait photograph headshots of potential graduates (boxes 31 and 60); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e[Delf] Norona Collection payments (boxes 33 and 46); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePearl S. Buck (box 33 and others); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBilly Edd Wheeler, West Virginia writer and musician (box 36); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eCivilian Conservation Corps (CCC) reunion in 1979 (box 36); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eOtto Whittaker, who worked with Comstock on \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Best of the Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e (boxes 37 and 65); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ethe \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia\u003c/emph\u003e (box 40); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's appearance on John Nebel's WOR radio show in 1960, including postcards and letters regarding the appearance and requests for Comstock's Richwood Kinsey Report as well as \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e or \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e subscriptions (boxes 41-42); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's appearance on the Today Show in 1966 (box 42); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's appearance on Patricia/Patsy McCann's WOR radio show in New York in August 1977, including letters and postcards regarding the appearance and requests to receive the free six-week subscription to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e which Comstock offered on the show (boxes 42-43); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ewriters, with an emphasis on West Virginia authors, whose work Comstock was interested in collecting (boxes 40, 44, 45, and 62); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ewritings by Comstock, including short stories, articles, drafts, etc. (boxes 47-49); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's nomination and campaign for a U.S. House of Representatives seat on the Republican ticket in 1964 (boxes 51 and 56); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ethe \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e, including morgue files, old articles, submissions, letters, and other items (boxes 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, and others; for oversize items, see Series 17, Oversize, box 116); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEck Bozeman (box 57); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's pocket diaries (box 57); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's naval service during World War II (box 60); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eH.C. Comstock, Jim's father (box 68); and \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ehistorical research material, possibly for the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eEncyclopedia \u003c/emph\u003e(box 72).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Please note that the above list is not exhaustive.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes print photographs, negatives, cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photos, tintypes, photo postcards, slides, clippings, printed material, correspondence, photo plates, and eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies). Subjects include furniture; first ladies of West Virginia; historic homes of West Virginia; identified and unidentified individual and group portraits; cities and towns of West Virginia; buildings; scenery; Museum of the Hills in Richwood, WV; glass and glassmaking; and the Greenbrier. Some of the material in this series was transferred from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence -- in cases where the photographic item was attached to correspondence, the correspondence was transferred as well. Please note that some negatives are nitrate; keep these away from heat and handle with care. Additional photographic material can be found in Series 6, Correspondence, boxes 35, 54, 55, and 72. For photos of Fenton Glass products, see Series 5, Printed Material, box 22. Some oversize photos have been separated to the Photographs Collection; most of these have been added to West Virginia History OnView. Additional oversize photos can be found in Series 17, Oversize.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Contents of the eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies):\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 80; Canister label: \"Huntington 1-6000 April 1947\" \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 80; Canister label: \"Chas. [Charleston?] 1957, Nitro, 1957; St. Albans, 1957, Old Chas., 1948, Airport, Big Scale (?)\" \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 80; Canister labels: \"Elk River Coal \u0026amp; Lumber Co., Aerial Map Flown April 1953.\" and \"City of Huntington Scale 1-6000 Apr 28 1947\" \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 80; Canister label: \"Harmony Near Ripley, [?] ft to 1\" old; Colin Creek Coal Stripping, large scale, 1948; Lake Chaweva, 1948; Armour Park, 1948; C\u0026amp;O Ry [Railway?] Coal River 1948; Bellings Airport, 1947; Kanawha Airport, large and small scale, 12-9-1947; Strip to City Blvd 12-9-1947; City Strip \u0026amp; Kenna Home; C\u0026amp;CCC Research 1947; Cedar Grove to Montgomery.\" \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 81; Unlabeled canister. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 81; Canister label: \"1949\" \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 81; Canister label: \"Coal City - Park Beckley, 1947 [?]\" (not usable) \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eBox 81; Canister label: \"4/20/53 Dick Stata Film, St. Albans - Charleston\" (not usable)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains two rolls of 35 mm black and white motion picture film, and three rolls of 16 mm color motion picture film of a train. Also included is one of the canisters which contained the film. The box which formerly contained the film was labeled \"F.M.C. Movie Scraps.\" Please note that some reels are nitrate; handle with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains two reels of microfilm, which were likely the property of Delf Norona before they were acquired by Comstock. The first reel contains West Virginia-related Civil War records; the second contains payroll and public service claims from the West Virginia region in the 1770s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Reel 1 Contents Notes: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eRecords of the War Department, Office of the Adjutant General, General Orders, Mountain Department, Army in the Field, May 9 - June 28, 1862. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eNational Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington: 1956. 101 total pgs. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eMarch 18 - June 18, 1862 86 total pgs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Reel 2 Contents Notes: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ePayroll for Pittsburgh, 122 leaves; Payroll for Romney, 43 leaves; Public Service Claims Romney and Winchester 1775, 37 leaves; Public Service Claims West Augusta 1775, 49 leaves; Records of Soldiers and Public Service in Dunmore's War, 279 leaves; index, 25 leaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes two cassette tapes which were found in an envelope marked \"Larry Maynor Personal.\" The tapes include recordings of children reading stories and an oral history interview with an unidentified subject.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains 75 wood framed glass lantern slides. Most slides are labeled with the subject, and some are dated. Subjects include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV, as well as Brooke County and Marshall County, WV, and Belmont County, Ohio. These images were likely created by Thomas M. Darrah of Belmont County, Ohio. For the two wooden boxes in which the slides were previously stored, please see Series 16, Artifacts, boxes 105 and 106.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes scrapbooks which contain newspaper clippings and ephemera. Subjects include the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) and U.S. military history with a focus on Civil War history. These scrapbooks may have belonged to Colonel Albert Kern of Dayton, Ohio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes originals and copies of broadsides and posters. Included are a John Dillinger wanted poster (1934); a Garrett Snuff advertisement (undated); copies of various political notices (originals ca. 1827-1886); Russian broadsides with Cyrillic text, depicting events of the Russian Civil War, USSR propaganda, and other things (ca. 1920-1930); posters for the Marshall County Fair (ca. 1960) and the Moundsville, Powhatan and Clarington Seventh Grand Annual Picnic (1873); advertisements for the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus at the Moundsville Fairgrounds (undated); Showboat Rhododendron advertisements (undated); and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes original and facsimile maps, atlases, and books about maps. Highlights include pre- and post-Civil War maps of the West Virginia area; \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Illustrated: containing ... special history of the Virginias, maps and histories of Tyler and Wetzel Counties, West Virginia\u003c/emph\u003e; maps of America before 1775; copies of [West] Virginia county maps by John Wood from 1820-1821; maps of various West Virginia cities, including, Morgantown, Moundsville, and Wheeling; and various Fry-Jefferson maps (original and copies). A detailed contents list of boxes 93-100b and map cabinet 1, drawer 12 is available. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nNote that the date for each map reflects the date of creation of the item, though in the case of copies it may indicate the date of the creation of the original item rather than the date the copy was made. Also, the number of items may indicate different items or different pieces of the same map. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n  Not yet located; Item Number 113; County Map of Virginia and West Virginia; 1874\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspapers from Wheeling, as well as a special bicentennial salute issue of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e (1976). The majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated to the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings. A list of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Most of the West Virginia newspapers have been microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113 in the Microfilm Room. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. Additional newspaper pages and clippings can be found throughout Series 6, Comstock Correspondence and Series 17, Oversize, box 117.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a variety of artifacts and ephemera belonging to or collected by Comstock.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Boxes 105 and 106 include two wooden boxes (undated) which contained glass lantern slides (see Series 11). One box is labeled \"T.M. Darrah.\" Also included are a fountain pen used by Secretary of the Interior Oscar Chapman to sign the contract to begin building the Bureau of Mines' Appalachian Experiment Station in Morgantown, WV, with letters documenting the donation of the pen by Senator Harley M. Kilgore (1952); and a dinner plate showing a photo-like image of a priest with a group of children, from St. Albans, WV (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 107 includes various nametags for Comstock and his wife, from a variety of conventions and meetings (1960-1963, undated); glasses and sunglasses (undated); a sewing needle pack and a mini ruler advertising Jim Comstock for Congress (ca. 1964); a press pass for President Ford's visit to Charleston, WV (1975); and tickets to the Republican National Convention (1976); among other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 108 contains two figurines and four whiskey decanters. The figurines are a coal miner (made of coal, undated) and \"Morgan's Virginia Rifleman 1776\" (undated). The decanters are \"Old Time Coal Miner\" (1976), \"Coal Miner\" (1975), Robert E. Lee (undated), and Stonewall Jackson on horseback (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 109 contains six whiskey decanters: Abraham Lincoln (undated), Stonewall Jackson (undated), Hill Billy (1969), General Stonewall Jackson (1974), Randolph McCoy (1973), and Devil Anse Hatfield (1973).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains oversize material that may be relevant to other series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes paintings, sketches, prints, photographs, educational posters, architectural drawings, vinyl records, typescripts, transparencies, clippings, manuscripts, and printed material, among other formats. Topics include Pearl Buck's birthplace, West Virginia, the Civil War, Jim Comstock's work, and other topics. More manuscripts are in the Manuscripts subseries, box 118.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 110 and box 111, folders 1-2 contain artwork depicting Pearl Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, West Virginia, including paintings, sketches, a chalk drawing, and a plan for a sign (1965-1966, undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 111, folders 3-4 and unfoldered items include two West Virginia-related prints and an unidentified photo (undated); one framed and six unframed prints depicting mining machinery, possibly of Joy Manufacturing Company (undated); an unframed painting of a coal miner (undated); twelve mounted photographs and sketches (most unidentified, undated); and four rolled photographs (1918-1955?).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 112 includes educational posters regarding the Civil War and West Virginia history (undated). The posters include text, images, and photographs. Also includes mounted photographs, most with accompanying text, that have been added to West Virginia History On View. An additional eight posters regarding maps made by or related to North American Indians, likely assembled by Delf Norona, are also included (ca. 1950). For additional maps related to North American Indians/Native Americans, see also Series 14, Maps, box 98, item number 349.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 113 includes various West Virginia-related prints, including one of Mount Chantal near Wheeling (undated); prints of Civil War scenes sketched from nature and drawn on stone by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated); a copy print of the camps of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, 8th Army Corps. near Romney (undated); prints made from Civil War engravings (1960); W.R. Leigh bullfighting prints (1950); copies of architectural plans for alterations of Wheeling's Custom House and Post Office (undated); and other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 114 contains limited edition black and white prints from a series entitled \"Covered Bridges of West Virginia\" by Marj Teague (1977) and three copies of a vinyl record album titled \"The Legend of Clark Kessinger\" (ca. 1965).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 115 includes paintings by John Wellington (undated); oversize photos (undated); an unidentified floor plan (undated); and architectural drawings or blueprints for five properties that were part of the Historic American Buildings Survey (undated). These properties are \"The Old Stone Church\" Presbyterian, Lewisburg, WV; Harewood and the ruins of St. George's Chapel, both near Charles Town, Jefferson County, WV; Traveler's Rest, near Leetown, Jefferson County, WV; and the Lee Barn in Leetown, WV.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 116 includes radio scripts (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67); calendars (1984-1991); \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003etransparencies (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 54); various printed images and magazine clippings (1860-1921, undated); \"Our Wacky Weekly\" and newspaper article typescripts, probably written by Comstock (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 48, folder 1); and music-related magazines and pamphlets (1959-1966, undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 117 includes Berkeley County documents from the Barnet Cushwa Papers (see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 1, folders 1-5). These include lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc.; sheriff's office accounts; and land holdings (all 1854-1858). Box 117 also includes television scripts (undated); an envelope and survey plat from the Wells Family Papers (1856, undated; see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2a, folder 24); Civil War-related prints (1861-1868, 1955); newspaper clippings (1861, 1927-1944, undated; some from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67, folders 4 and 7); miscellaneous printed material (1817-1863, undated; includes facsimiles); and facsimile broadsides, legal documents, and clippings regarding West Virginia statehood (1861-1863).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis subseries includes oversize manuscripts, most of which pertain to West Virginia. West Virginia materials include pre- and post-statehood indentures, land grants, other legal documents, letters, certificates, and other formats pertaining to Barbour, Berkeley, Fayette, Hampshire, Hardy, Marshall, Ohio, Raleigh, and Tyler Counties. Additional indentures and land grants pertain to England (1650-1671, 1720-1721, 1833), and to Maryland, Virginia, and Texas.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence, and is composed of a wide range of formats, including letters, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial documents, printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 21, Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files can be found in boxes 119-125. Other notations that Comstock used include \"NL\" for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e-related correspondence and \"HB\" for \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e-related correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Topics and items of interest include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ecard from Comstock to recent graduates regarding a gift subscription to the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003e(undated) (box 119); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eComstock's work with the Pearl Buck House (box 127); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ethe University of Hard Knocks (box 128); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ephotocopies of a scrapbook about ramps and Comstock's ramp-scented ink incident; and \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003ematerial regarding Comstock's work on the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e, the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e, and the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Encyclopedia\u003c/emph\u003e (boxes 126-127 and other material throughout) (see also Series 20, Subject Files).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Please note that the above list is not exhaustive and that material on the above topics may also exist in boxes not mentioned.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph\u003e *Please note: boxes 123  and 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes books, magazines, newspapers, journals, promotional materials, poetry, and sheet music. Topics include Jim Comstock's work, the state of West Virginia, WVU, Storer College, industry (e.g., coal, railways), and New England baked beans, among other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \u003cemph\u003ePlease note: box 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes mostly morgue files of material that Comstock used in connection with his newspapers. Contents are not in alphabetical order. Formats include clippings, typescripts, photographs, print material, and other formats. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e morgue materials (boxes 137-138) include items on a variety of subjects, such as covered bridges and the early history of Clay County. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNews Leader\u003c/emph\u003e morgue material also includes a folder of autographs of early West Virginia governors and other politicians, such as D.D.T. Farnsworth, John J. Jacobs, and A.B. Fleming. The \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003emorgue materials (box 139-140) pertain to a wide variety of subjects, most of whom are likely local individuals. The Newspaper Subjects (boxes 141-146) includes material for which the intended newspaper was not specified; topics include specific local individuals, national figures like Abraham Lincoln, steel and other industries, and towns.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photographs, photographic prints, clippings, and other formats. Many subjects are identified. They include portraits and candid photos of individuals, families, politicians, sports figures, West Virginia towns and buildings. Other notable photographs include crime scene and/or accident photographs, including images of a non-commercial plane crash (undated), and photos of Jim Comstock at the West Virginia Senate (1966). Photographs can also be found in Series 18, Correspondence; Series 20, Subject Files; and Series 26, Oversize Material. \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\n\u003cemph\u003ePlease note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes magnetic recording tapes, a VHS tape about college financing, and a vinyl record and cassette tape of Billy Crain music.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes a WVLA cloth ribbon, an empty wallet, and a West Virginia Picture Book imprint plate.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes material from two scrapbooks. One set of loose scrapbook pages contains clippings chiefly regarding Comstock's \"Past 80\" parties (ca. 1956). The other scrapbook of newspaper clippings chronicles the history of Richwood's Sacred Heart Hospital during the years of influence of the Pallottine Sisters from 1913-1983 (ca. 1953-1984).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes two account books. One contains stencil orders from various schools as well as other bills (1960s), and the other is an account book for 1954.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes newspapers, magazines, clippings, posters, prints, photographs, artwork, calendars, a genealogy chart, and other material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Newspapers and magazines in box 152 include the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e Bicentennial special edition (1976), newspaper layouts from the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHillbilly \u003c/emph\u003e(1950-1976, undated), and pages from \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eHarper's Weekly\u003c/emph\u003e (1861-1866).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Prints in boxes 153 and 154 include Civil War scenes by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Photographs (in boxes 153-156 and loose folders) include regular oversize and cirkut (panoramic) photographs on a wide variety of subjects. Boxes 153 and 154 include photographs of unidentified buildings and a group portrait of a Civilian Conservation Corps reunion (1982). Boxes 155 and 156 include photos of Evenwood (1915), group portrait of a conference of National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (ca. 1932), campaign photographs (ca. 1972), an unidentified group of cars preparing for a parade (undated), and duplicates from the loose folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional cirkut photos include: \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose folder 1: a group portrait of the West Virginia Young People's Conference, Greenbrier Military School, Lewisburg, WV (1929), and a group portrait of the Divisional Young People's Congress, Charleston, WV (1929); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose folder 2: a group portrait of the Western Virginia Conference Epworth League (1928-1929); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose folder 3: photos of an unidentified bridge and factories or plants (1916 and undated) and the Appalachian Electric Power Company Turner Substation (1929); \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eLoose folder 4: a birds-eye view of Richwood (undated) and a group portrait of Cabin Creek Consolidated Coal Company Safety First Teams (1933).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Box 156 also includes a genealogy chart and architectural drawings. The genealogy chart (undated) documents the Paull family, which is accompanied by a note: \"Goes with Jefferson [Fry-Jefferson?] Map.\" The architectural drawings (1972-1976, undated) depict buildings from Richwood.\n \n Box 157 includes a book of exhibits from the Virginia vs. West Virginia Supreme Court case in 1914, and a license for John W. Love to practice Law (1925).\n \n Also includes a muster roll for Company I, 2nd Regiment, [West] Virginia Volunteer Cavalry, U.S. Army (1863 February).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series includes maps of West Virginia locations, such as Greenbrier County and the Monongahela National Forest, as well as maps of other states and a few world maps.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMostly financial and legal documents from Marion, Monongalia, and Harrison Counties, bulk from 1840s to 1860s.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the West Virginia Hillbilly and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers.","Materials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]).","An addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note.","Series 1. Historical Documents; 1717, 1754-1988, undated (includes facsimiles); box 1 - box 3, folder 2.\nSeries 2. Lucy Prichard Papers; 1913-1936, undated; box 3, folders 3-8.\nSeries 3. Louis Reed Papers; ca. 1960-1975, undated; boxes 4-5.\nSeries 4. Account Books; 1830-1938; boxes 6-17.\nSeries 5. Printed Material; 1829-1995, undated; boxes 18-25.\nSeries 6. Comstock Correspondence; 1882-1995, undated (bulk 1950-1995); boxes 26-72.\nSeries 7. Photographs; ca. 1850s-1995, undated; boxes 73-81.\nSeries 8. Motion Pictures; undated; box 82.\nSeries 9. Microfilm; undated; box 82.\nSeries 10. Cassette Tapes; undated; box 82.\nSeries 11. Glass Lantern Slides; 1871-1897, undated; boxes 83-85.\nSeries 12. Scrapbooks; 1883-1918; boxes 86-91.\nSeries 13. Broadsides; ca. 1827-1960 (includes facsimiles); box 92.\nSeries 14. Maps; 1730-1976, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 93-103, and map cabinet 1, drawer 12.\nSeries 15. Newspapers; ca. 1826-1924, 1976; box 104.\nSeries 16. Artifacts; 1952-1976, undated; boxes 105-109.\nSeries 17. Oversize; 1650-1671, 1720-1991, undated (includes facsimiles); boxes 110-118.","Addendum of 2013/05 includes material much like that in the initial acquisition, divided into the following series:","Series 18. Correspondence; 1838-2003, undated (bulk 1950-1995); box 119 - box 133 folder 4, and box 134 folders 1-11.*\nSeries 19. Publications; 1889-2002, undated; box 133, folders 5-6, box 134, folder 12, and boxes 135-136.*\nSeries 20. Subject Files; ca. 1851-1995, undated; boxes 137-146.\nSeries 21. Photographs; ca. 1870s-2003, undated; boxes 147-149.*\nSeries 22. Audio-Visual Material; 1990-1992, undated; box 150.\nSeries 23. Artifacts; undated; box 151, folders 1-2.\nSeries 24. Scrapbooks; ca. 1953-1984; box 151, folder 3 and scrapbook.\nSeries 25. Account Books; 1954-1960s; box 151 ledgers.\nSeries 26. Oversize Material; 1861-1866, 1893-1933, 1950-1998, undated; box 152 - box 156, folder 3, loose folders 1-4, oversize folder 1, and box 157.\nSeries 27. Maps; 1884-1891, 1920, 1957-1987; box 156, folders 4-10.\nSeries 28. Historical Documents; 1839-1909; box 158.","*Please note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes financial records such as receipts and invoices, legal documents such as deeds and court cases, correspondence, land records, genealogy materials, ephemera, and typescript histories. Box 1 includes three subgroups: the Barnet Cushwa Papers, West Virginia Documents, and Non-West Virginia Documents. Boxes 2a-3 contain material of mixed origin. Additional historical documents can be found in Series 17, Oversize, and in subseries Oversize--Manuscripts.","This subseries includes a collection of materials documenting the activities of Cushwa, a prominent farmer and later the sheriff of Berkeley County in the 1850s. Cushwa's papers reveal his activities as administrator of the Daniel Gehr estate (1839-1843). The Berkeley County documents, including lists of landholdings, orders, taxes, and fee collections, demonstrate his duties as sheriff in the 1850s. See Series 17, Oversize, box 117 for Berkeley County land holdings, sheriff's accounts, and lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc. (1854-1858).","This subseries is comprised of correspondence and other material, principally concerning commercial and development activities in north-central West Virginia. These items are grouped by county; please note that there is overlap between counties.  Highlights include: items relating to Harman Blennerhassett (box 1, folder 12); a six-page letter written by William G. Brown answering questions concerning the constitutionality of the movement for West Virginia statehood (June 28, 1862) (box 1, folder 13); letters and reminiscences focusing on the reunions of the Battle of Philippi (1911-1935) (box 1, folder 14); and two letters from the abolitionist John Brown (box 1, folder 15).","Additional West Virginia documents can be found in boxes 2a-2c.","Highlights of this subseries include: four letters from soldiers in the Mexican War; seventeen letters from Pennsylvania soldier James M. Weaver, principally to his wife, during his service in the Civil War; a confidential letter from President James Monroe explaining his policy on fortifying the frontier; seven Booker T. Washington letters; two letters from Revolutionary War general Horatio Gates; and a folder of letters written by famous 19th century figures including Samuel Clemens, Collis P. Huntington, Nathaniel P. Banks, and Newton D. Baker.","This subseries contains correspondence, invoices, deeds, tax documents, court cases, and other material. Most of the items pertain to West Virginia. Highlights include: bills and invoices of G.H.A. Kunst and John H. Kunst (1853-1867, 1892-1893); papers of the Wells family of Sistersville (1806-1885); a telegram regarding the burning of Harpers Ferry (1861); a broadside listing members of Company H, 3rd Regiment, Potomac Home Brigade, Maryland Infantry (undated); and legal documents regarding the manumission of slaves (1820-1828, 1856).","Lucy Prichard taught Latin and Classical Studies at Marshall College from 1914 to 1941. This series includes correspondence, photographs, and printed material. Correspondence includes Karl Prichard's letters (1918) and Lucy Prichard's letters (1925-1927, undated). Lucy's letters are addressed to her mother, Mrs. R.H. Prichard, in Huntington, WV. Many of Lucy's letters relate to her travels and studies in the Peloponnesus peninsula of Greece, the British Isles, Western Europe, and Italy in 1925 and 1927. For more information on Lucy Prichard, see the Historical Note.","This series includes newspaper clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed. The newspaper clippings show images of Reed family photos (1960). The typescripts are short stories written by Louis, many likely unpublished. Also included are notes and a draft of Burning Springs, Virginia: The Civil War's Unsolved Mystery, initially a paper that Reed prepared for the West Virginia Historical Society (see Burning Springs, West Virginia: the Civil War's Unsolved Mystery, by Louis Reed, self-published in Elizabeth, WV, 1960). This material may have been developed for his later fictional novel, Burning Springs (published in Huntington, WV by University Editions/Aegina Press, 1985). For more information on Reed, see the Historical Note. A letter from Louis Reed to Jim Comstock regarding Reed's book Warning in Appalachia (1967) can be found in Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 62, folder 27. Other letters from Reed may be found elsewhere in Series 6, Correspondence.","This series includes 27 account books, many of which relate to north-central West Virginia businesses. These ledgers document general stores, a Jewish-owned clothing store in Richwood, the activities of an itinerant Methodist minister in the mining villages of north-central West Virginia, grocery stores and meat markets, a glass manufacturer, and other businesses. See Separated Materials note for information on volumes separated to other collections.","Thistle and Cox formed a partnership in Tyler County, [West] Virginia in March of 1835. This is the partnership's first ledger, which spans the years 1835-1837, but reference is made to the transfer of accounts to at least one subsequent ledger. The business appears to have been located near the Ohio River (probably in Sistersville), since customers included Ohio as well as Tyler County citizens. Although the debit side for each customer only lists the term \"merchandise\" for purchases, the ledger reveals the barter nature of much of the rural economy of Tyler County on the credit side. Among items received in trade by Thistle and Cox were chestnuts, hides, bees wax, rags, sand, tobacco, clothes, meats, produce, and various forms of labor. The ledger also frequently lists the occupations or residences of many of the customers. Included were coopers, tanners, blacksmiths, preachers, schoolteachers, and carpenters, scattered from Point Pleasant to Wheeling.","Inventory and Book Accounts. This volume contains a 66-page inventory of goods on hand and their prices in a Tyler County general store in January 1877. The inventory is divided into the following categories: fancy groceries, groceries, men's shoes, ladies' shoes, children's shoes, overshoes, dress goods, wall paper, housewares, and other. Starting on page 71 is a four-page list of the book accounts of the store's customers, presumably on that same date.","The Cordray Carriage Company was a short-lived business in Fairmont, WV. The ledger lists only the customers and the amount they owed T.L. Cordray, the proprietor of the Carriage Company. The ledger does not list the services for which the customers were charged. However, one itemized account invoice on an inserted piece of paper suggests that the Cordray Carriage Company repaired vehicles. For H.O. Amos, from 1907 through 1911, the Company repaired couplings, repaired and painted the body, repaired the interior, raised the body, and tightened and repaired the fenders, for a total charge of $118. The ledger includes more than 400 customers.","A. H. Breckstein was a Jewish merchant who operated a clothing store in the boom town of Richwood, in Nicholas County. Volume 10 is a cash book detailing daily transactions in the store, both sales and expenses, for part of 1910, and consistently for the period 1928 to 1936. There are also monthly accountings of both cash and credit sales as well as expenses. Volume 11 documents sales and purchases of clothing for the period 1926 to 1934. The sales portion of this volume repeats information available in volume 10. Volume 12 is a ledger of accounts payable for the period 1921-1928, showing the firms from which Breckstein purchased his goods. Included are companies in Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, and New York.","J.C. Shock was a Methodist minister assigned to a parish in Pullman, WV in 1910. However, he also appeared to be an itinerant preacher, and his account book lists ministerial services provided for the towns and villages of Duffy, Straight Fork, Falls Mill, Glady, and Kingknob, in the north-central West Virginia counties of Lewis, Ritchie, and Wetzel. The account book documents Shock's ministry, listing the text for sermons preached at various towns as well as the contributions of those towns to his salary. Most of the entries cover the years 1910-1917, at which time his base of operations seems to have shifted permanently to Falls Run and Falls Mill in Braxton County. There are entries for sermons, marriages, and assessments for those towns running to 1938. An additional folder contains miscellaneous documents related to Shock found within the ledger.","In the 1890s, Mrs. Samuel C. Gans operated a general store in Moundsville, which by 1900 was specializing in dry goods. This ledger reflects the volume of business and the timing and means of settling accounts. The early pages (for the 1890s) are more detailed, listing the items purchased from the general store. For the later period, the entries are frequently limited to the terms \"goods\" or \"merchandise.\" The back of the volume also contains some notes and miscellaneous accounts, such as rooms rented.","In 1892, a number of Charleston's German families banded together to form an Evangelical Lutheran Church. Subscriptions for a building fund and other church work began to be collected in October of that year. This ledger documents the subscriptions of the founding members of St. Paul's Evangelical Church. It also provides an accounting of the expenses and building funds contributed by the members, including the purchase of a lot on Court Street in Charleston, the church's construction, and the salary of the minister.","These volumes were written by Albert S. Hayden, Notary Public in and for the county of Marion and the state of West Virginia. He recorded handwritten copies of promissory notes and bills presented at Fairmont, WV banks for redemption, which were protested by the First National Bank of Fairmont's cashier. The ledgers also list the date protested, by whom, and the notices mailed to note signers. Most notes originated in West Virginia, but some originated in Ohio. Volume 16a covers 1870-1873. Volume 16b covers 1875-1876.","Anthony Zidn operated a grocery and dry goods store outside of Fairmont on RFD #2. Zidn was an immigrant from the Middle East (perhaps Armenia, as suggested by the fact he kept his accounts in Persian and had a Christian name). These three ledgers document his business, although most of the information is written in Persian.","The Price Brothers operated a general store in the small village of Amos on the Paw Paw Creek, eleven miles from the town of Fairmont in Marion County. The Price Brothers sold all sorts of groceries to people in the town, as documented by this ledger. In addition, the Polk business directory for 1902-1903 notes that the Price sisters operated a millinery business in Amos. There are loose papers within the ledger, including statements and product advertisements (1905-1907, undated).","At the turn of the century, there were four wholesale meat provisioners in Wheeling. This ledger represents the operations of one of them for the years 1901-1902. The company principally supplied general stores and grocers in eastern Ohio, northern West Virginia, southwestern Pennsylvania, and western Maryland. However, individuals could also buy directly. Entries typically include the name of the purchaser, the town in which the purchaser resides, and the amount of the purchase. For local buyers, the ledger frequently lists the Wheeling address. Since transactions are usually noted only as merchandise, it is impossible to glean what types of meats were being purchased at what costs.","Jacob Hornbrook was born in Tavistock, England, in 1812 and moved with his parents to Wheeling when he was a small child. Jacob's father ran a small [business?] in Wheeling. As a young man, Jacob began a mercantile business buying and selling produce on the flatboats travelling on the Ohio River. He later started a notions store, purchased interest in a steamship line and the First National Bank, and was president and owned stock in the Wheeling Gas Company. These three books, a journal (volume 20; 1847-1874), a ledger (volume 21; 1847-1874), and a cash book (volume 22; 1845-1874), document his business interests, investments, and personal expenses during the last three decades of his life. Although he remained an active investor, Hornbrook retired from his mercantile business in 1855 with an estate valued at more than $30,000. In 1852, he moved to what he called \"Forest Home\" near Wheeling Park, and he served in the West Virginia legislature during the Civil War.","This volume includes a manuscript copy of the act \"To incorporate the Wheeling Gas Company\" issued March 18, 1850; a copy of a related Wheeling city ordinance, issued April 29, 1850; stockholders meeting minutes, April 15, April 25, May 1, May 9, and May 11, 1850; and lists of subscribers, the number of shares of stock, and the amount paid.","George C. Gans was a physician practicing in Marshall County in the decades prior to the Civil War. Although most of his patients resided in the area around Moundsville and Elizabeth, Gans does not appear in either the 1840 or the 1850 U.S. census schedules for Marshall County. The ledger documents his treatment of families in Marshall County for a wide variety of ills, including typhoid fever (1861), cholera (1847), and farm injuries. Gans also routinely attended childbirths. His treatments included blistering, bleeding, venesection, lancing, and operating as well as administering medicine and pills. In return for his services, Gans routinely accepted farm produce, labor on his farm, and other useful items such as shingles. He went on to serve as an assistant surgeon in the Civil War.","This is a ledger of an Elizabeth, PA, glass manufacturer's accounts with his workers. The manufacturer ran some type of company store, and the ledger thus includes debits for cash and merchandise received by the workers and credits for the various types of labor performed, including glass blowing, teasing, cutting, coal mining, blacksmithing, and box making. In addition, the ledger includes the manufacturer's accounts with a boarding house owner for boarding his workers and with a local merchant who supplied the company store. In general, the ledger provides insights into the earnings of mid-19th century artisans as well as the operation of a small, rural glass-making establishment.","This consignment book documents commodity prices and the wide variety of goods received by a Wheeling commission merchant house during the 1830s. It also provides insights into the local industrial development, since the commission merchants routinely received goods on consignment from local manufacturers, such as the German Manufacturing Company (textiles). At the beginning of the book, there is evidence that the firm engaged a peddler to make trips in 1830, and the commission house also conducted auctions during the 1830s.","Moses Chapline was a prominent citizen in Wheeling, at various times an attorney, a general store owner, and in the 1830s, mayor. This daybook documents the daily trade at his store during 1845. Included are entries for purchases of a wide variety of goods as well as entries for store expenses, such as insurance, soap, and transportation. The A. Loring who appears frequently throughout was probably Alonzo Loring, a clerk at the store.","Harry Hood and Company was a retail meat and dairy market in Fairmont, WV. This ledger covers the last few months of 1906 and the first months of 1907. It documents purchases of meat from wholesale producers, such as Armour and Company, and sales of meat to local businesses and individuals in Fairmont. Transactions are typically listed only as \"merchandise,\" making it difficult to glean any information concerning prices or consumption patterns. The ledger is used only for the first 150 of its 500 pages, and the business does not appear in the Polk business directory of 1906-1907, suggesting the possibility that it folded some time in 1907.","This ledger documents a general store in Tyler County, probably near Middlebourne, the county seat. Although fairly routine entries characterize customer purchases, the volume also documents purchases from wholesale merchants, beginning on page 251. Included are such firms as Hubbard and Paull, and Jos. Speidel, both of Wheeling; Ed Roome of Sistersville; and Burgunder Brothers and Company, of Columbus, Ohio. Also, the ledger often lists the occupations of the store's customers. Included are John Gates, an oil rig builder (reflecting the emergence of the local oil business) and a number of customers connected to a local woolen mill.","John Gallaher, Christian Ansbrutz, and Caleb Bleakmor started a general store partnership in 1853. Prior to that date, Gallaher operated a store in Moundsville, which is documented in the first 90 pages of the daybook. The daybook follows the partnership for only six months (until September 1853), but then another Moundsville general store (involving Bleakmor) used the daybook during 1856. In the 1850 census, Bleakmor was listed as a constable, age 49, born in Maryland; and Ansbrutz was listed as a miller, age 47, born in France, worth $23,000. Only Gallaher, a 53-year-old Irishman worth $12,000, was listed as a merchant. From the evidence in the daybook, it appears that the partnership was short-lived.","This series includes ephemera, sheet music, booklets, pamphlets, and correspondence. Additional miscellaneous printed material can be found in Series 17, Oversize.","Box 18 includes calendars, sheet music, notecards, and printed material related to West Virginia history. The notecards include screen printed notecards from Wolf Creek Printery in Alderson, WV (1976). The history printed material includes a booklet entitled Wheeling Bicentennial, 1769-1969 (1969?).","Box 19 includes West Virginia serial publications and magazines, as well as printed material about West Virginia schools and locations. Highlights include three issues of The Searchlight, a serial about education (two published in Summersville, WV [1895-1896], and one published in Fayetteville, WV [1899]); an issue of The Mikrophone: Devoted to Religion, Morality, and Temperance (published in Highland, WV, by D.H. Davis, 1906); Scottish Rite pamphlets (published in Wheeling, 1910-1917); the Richwood High School Class of 1940 reunion program (1960); Craigsville Grade School's first yearbook (1973); and Mountaineer Spirit, a WVU student magazine featuring an article about Jim Comstock (1968).","Box 20 includes non-West Virginia serial publications and magazines. Highlights include an issue of The Religious Magazine, or Spirit of the Foreign Theological Journals and Reviews (Philadelphia: E. Littell, 1829); and E.D. Cope's On Vertebrata from the Tertiary and Cretaceous Rocks of the North West Territory (Montreal: W.F. Brown \u0026 Co., 1891); Naval Training School -- Indoctrination, Hollywood Florida: Quarterdeck, Class of 3-44, 20 June 1944 (Hollywood, FL: Naval Training School, 1944); and issue no. 18 of Papers from the Society for the Diffusion of Political Knowledge (undated).","Box 21 includes various writings, such as student literary magazines, works of fiction, poetry booklets, and George T. Swain's The Incomparable Don Chafin (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962).","Box 22 includes George T. Swain's Facts About the Two Armed Marches on Logan (Charleston, WV: Ace Enterprises, 1962), as well as printed materials for a variety of West Virginia and non-West Virginia businesses and organizations. These include advertisements and booklets regarding the West Virginia glass industry, including Fenton Glass (1966-1976, undated), a Woman's Club of Gassaway booklet (1970), a reprint of the Berkeley Springs Hotel Brochure of 1885 (1988), and the constitution of the First Baptist Church of Richwood, WV (undated). For additional business-related printed material, see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2b, folders 11-12.","Box 23 includes miscellaneous booklets, programs, book plates, articles, clippings, and other material. Highlights include Rules of Practice in the United States Patent Office (Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1892), Elbert Hubbard's Little Journeys to the Homes of Great Teachers: Erasmus (East Aurora, Erie County, NY: The Roycrofters, 1908), the Richwood Spud and Splinter Festival Program (1940), and Eugene L. Huddleston's The World's Greatest Mallets: C \u0026 O H-8 Versus N \u0026 W Class A (Alderson, WV: Chesapeake \u0026 Ohio Historical Society, 1986).","Boxes 24 and 25 contain books, including Comstock's autobiography.","This series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence. This series contains materials that are diverse in format, including letters, scripts for radio and other media, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial materials (e.g. bank books and checks), printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 7, Photographs. Some materials were moved to Series 17, Oversize -- see the Series 17 description for details.","Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files are dispersed throughout the series. Other notations that Comstock used include \"LR\" for letters received, \"Sp\" for speech-related correspondence, \"NL\" for News Leader-related correspondence, and \"HB\" for West Virginia Hillbilly-related correspondence.","Topics and items of interest include: \n letters written to Comstock by regional author Jesse Stuart, and by political figures such as Hubert H. Humphrey, Robert C. Byrd, Jennings Randolph, and Barry Goldwater (box 26 and others); rejection letters from newspapers and magazines to which Comstock submitted material (box 26); biographical material about Jim Comstock and his family, including a thesis about Comstock by Mary Abel (boxes 26 and 47); Larry Maynor, journalist for the Charleston Daily Mail (box 29); the sale and ultimate demise of the West Virginia Hillbilly (boxes 31 and 72); the University of Hard Knocks, including a mock-up diploma, resumes, and portrait photograph headshots of potential graduates (boxes 31 and 60); [Delf] Norona Collection payments (boxes 33 and 46); Pearl S. Buck (box 33 and others); Billy Edd Wheeler, West Virginia writer and musician (box 36); Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) reunion in 1979 (box 36); Otto Whittaker, who worked with Comstock on The Best of the Hillbilly (boxes 37 and 65); the West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia (box 40); Comstock's appearance on John Nebel's WOR radio show in 1960, including postcards and letters regarding the appearance and requests for Comstock's Richwood Kinsey Report as well as News Leader or West Virginia Hillbilly subscriptions (boxes 41-42); Comstock's appearance on the Today Show in 1966 (box 42); Comstock's appearance on Patricia/Patsy McCann's WOR radio show in New York in August 1977, including letters and postcards regarding the appearance and requests to receive the free six-week subscription to the West Virginia Hillbilly which Comstock offered on the show (boxes 42-43); writers, with an emphasis on West Virginia authors, whose work Comstock was interested in collecting (boxes 40, 44, 45, and 62); writings by Comstock, including short stories, articles, drafts, etc. (boxes 47-49); Comstock's nomination and campaign for a U.S. House of Representatives seat on the Republican ticket in 1964 (boxes 51 and 56); the West Virginia Hillbilly and News Leader, including morgue files, old articles, submissions, letters, and other items (boxes 54, 55, 57, 61, 63, and others; for oversize items, see Series 17, Oversize, box 116); Eck Bozeman (box 57); Comstock's pocket diaries (box 57); Comstock's naval service during World War II (box 60); H.C. Comstock, Jim's father (box 68); and historical research material, possibly for the Encyclopedia (box 72).","Please note that the above list is not exhaustive.","This series includes print photographs, negatives, cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photos, tintypes, photo postcards, slides, clippings, printed material, correspondence, photo plates, and eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies). Subjects include furniture; first ladies of West Virginia; historic homes of West Virginia; identified and unidentified individual and group portraits; cities and towns of West Virginia; buildings; scenery; Museum of the Hills in Richwood, WV; glass and glassmaking; and the Greenbrier. Some of the material in this series was transferred from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence -- in cases where the photographic item was attached to correspondence, the correspondence was transferred as well. Please note that some negatives are nitrate; keep these away from heat and handle with care. Additional photographic material can be found in Series 6, Correspondence, boxes 35, 54, 55, and 72. For photos of Fenton Glass products, see Series 5, Printed Material, box 22. Some oversize photos have been separated to the Photographs Collection; most of these have been added to West Virginia History OnView. Additional oversize photos can be found in Series 17, Oversize.","Contents of the eight canisters of large format aerial diapositives (photo transparencies):","Box 80; Canister label: \"Huntington 1-6000 April 1947\" Box 80; Canister label: \"Chas. [Charleston?] 1957, Nitro, 1957; St. Albans, 1957, Old Chas., 1948, Airport, Big Scale (?)\" Box 80; Canister labels: \"Elk River Coal \u0026 Lumber Co., Aerial Map Flown April 1953.\" and \"City of Huntington Scale 1-6000 Apr 28 1947\" Box 80; Canister label: \"Harmony Near Ripley, [?] ft to 1\" old; Colin Creek Coal Stripping, large scale, 1948; Lake Chaweva, 1948; Armour Park, 1948; C\u0026O Ry [Railway?] Coal River 1948; Bellings Airport, 1947; Kanawha Airport, large and small scale, 12-9-1947; Strip to City Blvd 12-9-1947; City Strip \u0026 Kenna Home; C\u0026CCC Research 1947; Cedar Grove to Montgomery.\" Box 81; Unlabeled canister. Box 81; Canister label: \"1949\" Box 81; Canister label: \"Coal City - Park Beckley, 1947 [?]\" (not usable) Box 81; Canister label: \"4/20/53 Dick Stata Film, St. Albans - Charleston\" (not usable)","This series contains two rolls of 35 mm black and white motion picture film, and three rolls of 16 mm color motion picture film of a train. Also included is one of the canisters which contained the film. The box which formerly contained the film was labeled \"F.M.C. Movie Scraps.\" Please note that some reels are nitrate; handle with care.","This series contains two reels of microfilm, which were likely the property of Delf Norona before they were acquired by Comstock. The first reel contains West Virginia-related Civil War records; the second contains payroll and public service claims from the West Virginia region in the 1770s.","Reel 1 Contents Notes: Records of the War Department, Office of the Adjutant General, General Orders, Mountain Department, Army in the Field, May 9 - June 28, 1862. National Archives and Records Service, General Services Administration, Washington: 1956. 101 total pgs. March 18 - June 18, 1862 86 total pgs.","Reel 2 Contents Notes: Payroll for Pittsburgh, 122 leaves; Payroll for Romney, 43 leaves; Public Service Claims Romney and Winchester 1775, 37 leaves; Public Service Claims West Augusta 1775, 49 leaves; Records of Soldiers and Public Service in Dunmore's War, 279 leaves; index, 25 leaves.","This series includes two cassette tapes which were found in an envelope marked \"Larry Maynor Personal.\" The tapes include recordings of children reading stories and an oral history interview with an unidentified subject.","This series contains 75 wood framed glass lantern slides. Most slides are labeled with the subject, and some are dated. Subjects include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV, as well as Brooke County and Marshall County, WV, and Belmont County, Ohio. These images were likely created by Thomas M. Darrah of Belmont County, Ohio. For the two wooden boxes in which the slides were previously stored, please see Series 16, Artifacts, boxes 105 and 106.","This series includes scrapbooks which contain newspaper clippings and ephemera. Subjects include the Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) and U.S. military history with a focus on Civil War history. These scrapbooks may have belonged to Colonel Albert Kern of Dayton, Ohio.","This series includes originals and copies of broadsides and posters. Included are a John Dillinger wanted poster (1934); a Garrett Snuff advertisement (undated); copies of various political notices (originals ca. 1827-1886); Russian broadsides with Cyrillic text, depicting events of the Russian Civil War, USSR propaganda, and other things (ca. 1920-1930); posters for the Marshall County Fair (ca. 1960) and the Moundsville, Powhatan and Clarington Seventh Grand Annual Picnic (1873); advertisements for the Ringling Brothers and Barnum and Bailey Circus at the Moundsville Fairgrounds (undated); Showboat Rhododendron advertisements (undated); and other material.","This series includes original and facsimile maps, atlases, and books about maps. Highlights include pre- and post-Civil War maps of the West Virginia area; Hardesty's Historical and Geographical Encyclopedia, Illustrated: containing ... special history of the Virginias, maps and histories of Tyler and Wetzel Counties, West Virginia; maps of America before 1775; copies of [West] Virginia county maps by John Wood from 1820-1821; maps of various West Virginia cities, including, Morgantown, Moundsville, and Wheeling; and various Fry-Jefferson maps (original and copies). A detailed contents list of boxes 93-100b and map cabinet 1, drawer 12 is available.","Note that the date for each map reflects the date of creation of the item, though in the case of copies it may indicate the date of the creation of the original item rather than the date the copy was made. Also, the number of items may indicate different items or different pieces of the same map.","Not yet located; Item Number 113; County Map of Virginia and West Virginia; 1874","This series includes newspapers from Wheeling, as well as a special bicentennial salute issue of the West Virginia Hillbilly (1976). The majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated to the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings. A list of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder.","Most of the West Virginia newspapers have been microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113 in the Microfilm Room. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. Additional newspaper pages and clippings can be found throughout Series 6, Comstock Correspondence and Series 17, Oversize, box 117.","This series includes a variety of artifacts and ephemera belonging to or collected by Comstock.","Boxes 105 and 106 include two wooden boxes (undated) which contained glass lantern slides (see Series 11). One box is labeled \"T.M. Darrah.\" Also included are a fountain pen used by Secretary of the Interior Oscar Chapman to sign the contract to begin building the Bureau of Mines' Appalachian Experiment Station in Morgantown, WV, with letters documenting the donation of the pen by Senator Harley M. Kilgore (1952); and a dinner plate showing a photo-like image of a priest with a group of children, from St. Albans, WV (undated).","Box 107 includes various nametags for Comstock and his wife, from a variety of conventions and meetings (1960-1963, undated); glasses and sunglasses (undated); a sewing needle pack and a mini ruler advertising Jim Comstock for Congress (ca. 1964); a press pass for President Ford's visit to Charleston, WV (1975); and tickets to the Republican National Convention (1976); among other material.","Box 108 contains two figurines and four whiskey decanters. The figurines are a coal miner (made of coal, undated) and \"Morgan's Virginia Rifleman 1776\" (undated). The decanters are \"Old Time Coal Miner\" (1976), \"Coal Miner\" (1975), Robert E. Lee (undated), and Stonewall Jackson on horseback (undated).","Box 109 contains six whiskey decanters: Abraham Lincoln (undated), Stonewall Jackson (undated), Hill Billy (1969), General Stonewall Jackson (1974), Randolph McCoy (1973), and Devil Anse Hatfield (1973).","This series contains oversize material that may be relevant to other series.","This subseries includes paintings, sketches, prints, photographs, educational posters, architectural drawings, vinyl records, typescripts, transparencies, clippings, manuscripts, and printed material, among other formats. Topics include Pearl Buck's birthplace, West Virginia, the Civil War, Jim Comstock's work, and other topics. More manuscripts are in the Manuscripts subseries, box 118.","Box 110 and box 111, folders 1-2 contain artwork depicting Pearl Buck's birthplace in Hillsboro, West Virginia, including paintings, sketches, a chalk drawing, and a plan for a sign (1965-1966, undated).","Box 111, folders 3-4 and unfoldered items include two West Virginia-related prints and an unidentified photo (undated); one framed and six unframed prints depicting mining machinery, possibly of Joy Manufacturing Company (undated); an unframed painting of a coal miner (undated); twelve mounted photographs and sketches (most unidentified, undated); and four rolled photographs (1918-1955?).","Box 112 includes educational posters regarding the Civil War and West Virginia history (undated). The posters include text, images, and photographs. Also includes mounted photographs, most with accompanying text, that have been added to West Virginia History On View. An additional eight posters regarding maps made by or related to North American Indians, likely assembled by Delf Norona, are also included (ca. 1950). For additional maps related to North American Indians/Native Americans, see also Series 14, Maps, box 98, item number 349.","Box 113 includes various West Virginia-related prints, including one of Mount Chantal near Wheeling (undated); prints of Civil War scenes sketched from nature and drawn on stone by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated); a copy print of the camps of the 4th Brigade, 1st Division, 8th Army Corps. near Romney (undated); prints made from Civil War engravings (1960); W.R. Leigh bullfighting prints (1950); copies of architectural plans for alterations of Wheeling's Custom House and Post Office (undated); and other items.","Box 114 contains limited edition black and white prints from a series entitled \"Covered Bridges of West Virginia\" by Marj Teague (1977) and three copies of a vinyl record album titled \"The Legend of Clark Kessinger\" (ca. 1965).","Box 115 includes paintings by John Wellington (undated); oversize photos (undated); an unidentified floor plan (undated); and architectural drawings or blueprints for five properties that were part of the Historic American Buildings Survey (undated). These properties are \"The Old Stone Church\" Presbyterian, Lewisburg, WV; Harewood and the ruins of St. George's Chapel, both near Charles Town, Jefferson County, WV; Traveler's Rest, near Leetown, Jefferson County, WV; and the Lee Barn in Leetown, WV.","Box 116 includes radio scripts (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67); calendars (1984-1991); Hillbilly transparencies (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 54); various printed images and magazine clippings (1860-1921, undated); \"Our Wacky Weekly\" and newspaper article typescripts, probably written by Comstock (undated; see also Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 48, folder 1); and music-related magazines and pamphlets (1959-1966, undated).","Box 117 includes Berkeley County documents from the Barnet Cushwa Papers (see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 1, folders 1-5). These include lists of orders, taxes, fees, etc.; sheriff's office accounts; and land holdings (all 1854-1858). Box 117 also includes television scripts (undated); an envelope and survey plat from the Wells Family Papers (1856, undated; see also Series 1, Historical Documents, box 2a, folder 24); Civil War-related prints (1861-1868, 1955); newspaper clippings (1861, 1927-1944, undated; some from Series 6, Comstock Correspondence, box 67, folders 4 and 7); miscellaneous printed material (1817-1863, undated; includes facsimiles); and facsimile broadsides, legal documents, and clippings regarding West Virginia statehood (1861-1863).","This subseries includes oversize manuscripts, most of which pertain to West Virginia. West Virginia materials include pre- and post-statehood indentures, land grants, other legal documents, letters, certificates, and other formats pertaining to Barbour, Berkeley, Fayette, Hampshire, Hardy, Marshall, Ohio, Raleigh, and Tyler Counties. Additional indentures and land grants pertain to England (1650-1671, 1720-1721, 1833), and to Maryland, Virginia, and Texas.","This series includes Jim Comstock's personal and professional correspondence, and is composed of a wide range of formats, including letters, clippings, postcards, typescripts, articles, financial documents, printed material, ephemera, and photographs. Most of the photographic material in this series has been moved to Series 21, Photographs.","Comstock marked much of his correspondence to be filed by the first letter of the correspondent's last name. Some of this organizational scheme has survived; folders containing specific letter and year files can be found in boxes 119-125. Other notations that Comstock used include \"NL\" for News Leader-related correspondence and \"HB\" for West Virginia Hillbilly-related correspondence.","Topics and items of interest include: card from Comstock to recent graduates regarding a gift subscription to the Hillbilly (undated) (box 119); Comstock's work with the Pearl Buck House (box 127); the University of Hard Knocks (box 128); photocopies of a scrapbook about ramps and Comstock's ramp-scented ink incident; and material regarding Comstock's work on the Hillbilly, the News Leader, and the West Virginia Encyclopedia (boxes 126-127 and other material throughout) (see also Series 20, Subject Files).","Please note that the above list is not exhaustive and that material on the above topics may also exist in boxes not mentioned.","*Please note: boxes 123  and 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes books, magazines, newspapers, journals, promotional materials, poetry, and sheet music. Topics include Jim Comstock's work, the state of West Virginia, WVU, Storer College, industry (e.g., coal, railways), and New England baked beans, among other topics.","Please note: box 133 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes mostly morgue files of material that Comstock used in connection with his newspapers. Contents are not in alphabetical order. Formats include clippings, typescripts, photographs, print material, and other formats. The News Leader morgue materials (boxes 137-138) include items on a variety of subjects, such as covered bridges and the early history of Clay County. The News Leader morgue material also includes a folder of autographs of early West Virginia governors and other politicians, such as D.D.T. Farnsworth, John J. Jacobs, and A.B. Fleming. The Hillbilly morgue materials (box 139-140) pertain to a wide variety of subjects, most of whom are likely local individuals. The Newspaper Subjects (boxes 141-146) includes material for which the intended newspaper was not specified; topics include specific local individuals, national figures like Abraham Lincoln, steel and other industries, and towns.","This series includes cartes de visite, cabinet cards, mounted photographs, photographic prints, clippings, and other formats. Many subjects are identified. They include portraits and candid photos of individuals, families, politicians, sports figures, West Virginia towns and buildings. Other notable photographs include crime scene and/or accident photographs, including images of a non-commercial plane crash (undated), and photos of Jim Comstock at the West Virginia Senate (1966). Photographs can also be found in Series 18, Correspondence; Series 20, Subject Files; and Series 26, Oversize Material. \nPlease note: boxes 123, 133, and 149 could contain allergens. Masks and gloves will be provided for patrons wishing to use them.","This series includes magnetic recording tapes, a VHS tape about college financing, and a vinyl record and cassette tape of Billy Crain music.","This series includes a WVLA cloth ribbon, an empty wallet, and a West Virginia Picture Book imprint plate.","This series includes material from two scrapbooks. One set of loose scrapbook pages contains clippings chiefly regarding Comstock's \"Past 80\" parties (ca. 1956). The other scrapbook of newspaper clippings chronicles the history of Richwood's Sacred Heart Hospital during the years of influence of the Pallottine Sisters from 1913-1983 (ca. 1953-1984).","This series includes two account books. One contains stencil orders from various schools as well as other bills (1960s), and the other is an account book for 1954.","This series includes newspapers, magazines, clippings, posters, prints, photographs, artwork, calendars, a genealogy chart, and other material.","Newspapers and magazines in box 152 include the West Virginia Hillbilly Bicentennial special edition (1976), newspaper layouts from the Hillbilly (1950-1976, undated), and pages from Harper's Weekly (1861-1866).","Prints in boxes 153 and 154 include Civil War scenes by J. Nep Roesler, Corporal of Color 47th Regiment of Ohio Volunteers (undated).","Photographs (in boxes 153-156 and loose folders) include regular oversize and cirkut (panoramic) photographs on a wide variety of subjects. Boxes 153 and 154 include photographs of unidentified buildings and a group portrait of a Civilian Conservation Corps reunion (1982). Boxes 155 and 156 include photos of Evenwood (1915), group portrait of a conference of National Association of Teachers in Colored Schools (ca. 1932), campaign photographs (ca. 1972), an unidentified group of cars preparing for a parade (undated), and duplicates from the loose folders.","Additional cirkut photos include: Loose folder 1: a group portrait of the West Virginia Young People's Conference, Greenbrier Military School, Lewisburg, WV (1929), and a group portrait of the Divisional Young People's Congress, Charleston, WV (1929); Loose folder 2: a group portrait of the Western Virginia Conference Epworth League (1928-1929); Loose folder 3: photos of an unidentified bridge and factories or plants (1916 and undated) and the Appalachian Electric Power Company Turner Substation (1929); Loose folder 4: a birds-eye view of Richwood (undated) and a group portrait of Cabin Creek Consolidated Coal Company Safety First Teams (1933).","Box 156 also includes a genealogy chart and architectural drawings. The genealogy chart (undated) documents the Paull family, which is accompanied by a note: \"Goes with Jefferson [Fry-Jefferson?] Map.\" The architectural drawings (1972-1976, undated) depict buildings from Richwood.\n \n Box 157 includes a book of exhibits from the Virginia vs. West Virginia Supreme Court case in 1914, and a license for John W. Love to practice Law (1925).\n \n Also includes a muster roll for Company I, 2nd Regiment, [West] Virginia Volunteer Cavalry, U.S. Army (1863 February).","This series includes maps of West Virginia locations, such as Greenbrier County and the Monongahela National Forest, as well as maps of other states and a few world maps.","Mostly financial and legal documents from Marion, Monongalia, and Harrison Counties, bulk from 1840s to 1860s."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeparated to A\u0026amp;M collections:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious autographed items have been moved to A\u0026amp;M 435.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book volumes 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 3b, and 3c, daybooks and ledgers from the Sistersville General Store run by Joshua and William Russell, were separated to A\u0026amp;M 3071, Russell, Joshua \u0026amp; William. Sistersville General Store. Daybooks and Ledgers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book volumes 4, 4a, and 4b, daybooks of John Goshorn, were separated to A\u0026amp;M 2426, Goshorn Family. Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount book volumes 6-8, law records and accounts of Judge George A. Vincent, as well as Vincent's letters from the Historical Documents series, were separated to A\u0026amp;M 3068, Vincent, George A., Lawyer and Judge. Papers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeparated to the Printed Ephemera Collection:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles, maps, and letters, 1582-1877  (includes selections relating to the South Seas during the colonial period), on 1 reel of microfilm, P13438\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArticles, letters, maps, and speeches, 1808-1863  (16 items which are listed on a sheet in the box), 1 reel of microfilm, P13439\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBurnett, Nancy S. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSlovenes in Rural Appalachia: An Oral History\u003c/title\u003e (Richwood, W. Va.: News Leader Press, 1994).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeparated to Printed Ephemera (Pamphlets), Periodicals, etc.:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Odd Fellow\u003c/title\u003e, 1919, Charleston (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia State Weekly\u003c/title\u003e, 1910-1911, Fairmont (several items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eExponent\u003c/title\u003e, 1917-1918, Moundsville (4 items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOros\u003c/title\u003e, 1927, Moundsville (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePedagogue's Pastime\u003c/title\u003e, 1885, Moundsville (3 items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003ePrinceton Observer\u003c/title\u003e, 1950 (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eSearchlight\u003c/title\u003e, Summersville (32 items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Farm Journal\u003c/title\u003e, 1872, Union (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eChurch Calendar\u003c/title\u003e, 1917, Wheeling (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eChurch News\u003c/title\u003e, 1892, Wheeling (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eEnglish Lutheran\u003c/title\u003e, 1900, Wheeling (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMusical Monthly\u003c/title\u003e, 1896-1897, Wheeling (6 items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Saturday Review\u003c/title\u003e, 1912 August 10, Wheeling\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eState Fair News\u003c/title\u003e, 1910, Wheeling (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eWilliam's Courier\u003c/title\u003e, undated, Wheeling (1 item)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eValley News Echo\u003c/title\u003e, Hagerstown, MD; reprint of an 1861 paper\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eHaney's Journal\u003c/title\u003e, 1869 March-October except July, New York (several items)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eOur Southern Home\u003c/title\u003e, 1893 November, Hamlet, NC\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eBooks separated to the West Virginia Collection or the WVU Downtown Library stacks:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDonnelly, Shirley. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eYesterday and Today: A Keepsake I, II, and III.\u003c/title\u003e Fayetteville, W. Va.: Fayette County Historical Society, no date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eKeepsake Stories of the Ozarks.\u003c/title\u003e Cassville, Mo.: Litho Printers, 1978.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorton, Andre. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCatseye\u003c/title\u003e. London: Gollancz, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeacon, William A. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Four Jameses\u003c/title\u003e. Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada, 1974.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHaslip, Joan. \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCatherine the Great: A Biography\u003c/title\u003e. New York: Putnam, 1977.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeparated to the Maps Collection:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginie [Virginia], Maryland en 2 Feuilles par Fry et Jefferson, 1777\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBird's Eye View of the City of Wheeling, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSistersville, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBird's Eye View of Philippi, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eElkins, Randolph County, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFairmont and Palatine, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMannington, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMorgantown, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClarksburg, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavis, Tucker County, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrafton, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCairo, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCameron, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHarrisville, Ritchie County, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMoundsville, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNew Martinsville, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eParkersburg, Blennerhasset Island, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePennsboro, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSalem, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSt. Mary's, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWellsburg, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBuckhannon, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWeston, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBird's Eye View of Keyser, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eView of Parsons, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAero View of Bluefield, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAero View of Keystone, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAero View of North Fork and Town of Clark, West Virginia\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia Agricultural Society on Wheeling Island\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote: A spreadsheet with more details regarding the separated maps can be found in the control folder.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eThe majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated into the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings.\u003c/emph\u003e Lists of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder. Most of the West Virginia newspapers were microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. On the third page is a list of items separated from the Comstock Collection to printed ephemera (pamphlets), periodicals, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSheet music separated to A\u0026amp;M 723, Sheet Music:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmericans, Together.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBack to West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBattle of Port Royal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBrave Boys Are They.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCanoeing on the Kanawha.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapt. Linch March.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCherry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCotton Field Dance.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDown in the Lonely Dell.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDynamite Twist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFair West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFire Fly Polka.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGlory Hallelujah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGoing Back to West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHome Alone in West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI Have Something Sweet to Tell You.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eImagine Me.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn Flanders' Fields.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eI Want to Go Back to Michigan Down On the Farm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ'aime Mon Amour.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJust Before the Battle, Mother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKingdom Coming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLa Violette de Carafa.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLove and Devotion.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMemory's Dream.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMen of West Augusta.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMountain Land West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn, On, On, the Boys Came Marching!\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOur Grateful Heart Save Singing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReminiscing at Cass or the Greenbrier Shay.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSomething Tells Me You're the Girl.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong of a Woman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSweet Kitty Wells.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Ballad of Oakland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Battle Cry of Freedom.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Last Hope.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Self Service Chain Store.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Sunny Hours of Childhood.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Vacant Chair.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe West Virginia Singer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere's a Little Spark of Love Still Burning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTramp! Tramp! Tramp! The Prisoners Hope.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWe Are Mountaineers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia! And My Home.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWest Virginia University Songs.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhat a Lovely Day!\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWho Will Care For Mother Now?\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWild and Wonderful West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilliam Tell Overture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWillie My Brave.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eTransferred to A\u0026amp;M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers:\u003c/emph\u003e Correspondence, manuscripts, articles, photographs and clippings by and about Pearl S. Buck and her birthplace collected by Jim Comstock (1938-1973; 6 in.)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Separated to A\u0026M collections:","Various autographed items have been moved to A\u0026M 435.","Account book volumes 2, 2a, 3, 3a, 3b, and 3c, daybooks and ledgers from the Sistersville General Store run by Joshua and William Russell, were separated to A\u0026M 3071, Russell, Joshua \u0026 William. Sistersville General Store. Daybooks and Ledgers.","Account book volumes 4, 4a, and 4b, daybooks of John Goshorn, were separated to A\u0026M 2426, Goshorn Family. Papers.","Account book volumes 6-8, law records and accounts of Judge George A. Vincent, as well as Vincent's letters from the Historical Documents series, were separated to A\u0026M 3068, Vincent, George A., Lawyer and Judge. Papers.","Separated to the Printed Ephemera Collection:","Articles, maps, and letters, 1582-1877  (includes selections relating to the South Seas during the colonial period), on 1 reel of microfilm, P13438","Articles, letters, maps, and speeches, 1808-1863  (16 items which are listed on a sheet in the box), 1 reel of microfilm, P13439","Burnett, Nancy S. Slovenes in Rural Appalachia: An Oral History (Richwood, W. Va.: News Leader Press, 1994).","Separated to Printed Ephemera (Pamphlets), Periodicals, etc.:","West Virginia Odd Fellow, 1919, Charleston (1 item)","West Virginia State Weekly, 1910-1911, Fairmont (several items)","Exponent, 1917-1918, Moundsville (4 items)","Oros, 1927, Moundsville (1 item)","Pedagogue's Pastime, 1885, Moundsville (3 items)","Princeton Observer, 1950 (1 item)","Searchlight, Summersville (32 items)","West Virginia Farm Journal, 1872, Union (1 item)","Church Calendar, 1917, Wheeling (1 item)","Church News, 1892, Wheeling (1 item)","English Lutheran, 1900, Wheeling (1 item)","Musical Monthly, 1896-1897, Wheeling (6 items)","The Saturday Review, 1912 August 10, Wheeling","State Fair News, 1910, Wheeling (1 item)","William's Courier, undated, Wheeling (1 item)","Valley News Echo, Hagerstown, MD; reprint of an 1861 paper","Haney's Journal, 1869 March-October except July, New York (several items)","Our Southern Home, 1893 November, Hamlet, NC","Books separated to the West Virginia Collection or the WVU Downtown Library stacks:","Donnelly, Shirley. Yesterday and Today: A Keepsake I, II, and III. Fayetteville, W. Va.: Fayette County Historical Society, no date.","Keepsake Stories of the Ozarks. Cassville, Mo.: Litho Printers, 1978.","Norton, Andre. Catseye. London: Gollancz, 1974.","Deacon, William A. The Four Jameses. Toronto: Macmillan Co. of Canada, 1974.","Haslip, Joan. Catherine the Great: A Biography. New York: Putnam, 1977.","Separated to the Maps Collection:","Virginie [Virginia], Maryland en 2 Feuilles par Fry et Jefferson, 1777","Bird's Eye View of the City of Wheeling, West Virginia","Sistersville, West Virginia","Bird's Eye View of Philippi, West Virginia","Elkins, Randolph County, West Virginia","Fairmont and Palatine, West Virginia","Mannington, West Virginia","Morgantown, West Virginia","Clarksburg, West Virginia","Davis, Tucker County, West Virginia","Grafton, West Virginia","Cairo, West Virginia","Cameron, West Virginia","Harrisville, Ritchie County, West Virginia","Moundsville, West Virginia","New Martinsville, West Virginia","Parkersburg, Blennerhasset Island, West Virginia","Pennsboro, West Virginia","Salem, West Virginia","St. Mary's, West Virginia","Wellsburg, West Virginia","Buckhannon, West Virginia","Weston, West Virginia","Bird's Eye View of Keyser, West Virginia","View of Parsons, West Virginia","Aero View of Bluefield, West Virginia","Aero View of Keystone, West Virginia","Aero View of North Fork and Town of Clark, West Virginia","West Virginia Agricultural Society on Wheeling Island","Note: A spreadsheet with more details regarding the separated maps can be found in the control folder.","The majority of the newspapers in this collection have been separated into the West Virginia Collection's newspaper holdings. Lists of the newspapers originally inventoried for this collection can be found in the control folder. Most of the West Virginia newspapers were microfilmed; see Miscellaneous Reel 113. For a list of the contents of this reel, please see the \"W.Va. Newspapers from Comstock Collection\" three-page packet in the control folder. On the third page is a list of items separated from the Comstock Collection to printed ephemera (pamphlets), periodicals, etc.","Sheet music separated to A\u0026M 723, Sheet Music:","Americans, Together.","Back to West Virginia.","Battle of Port Royal.","Brave Boys Are They.","Canoeing on the Kanawha.","Capt. Linch March.","Cherry.","Cotton Field Dance.","Down in the Lonely Dell.","Dynamite Twist.","Fair West Virginia.","Fire Fly Polka.","Glory Hallelujah.","Going Back to West Virginia.","Home Alone in West Virginia.","I Have Something Sweet to Tell You.","Imagine Me.","In Flanders' Fields.","I Want to Go Back to Michigan Down On the Farm.","J'aime Mon Amour.","Just Before the Battle, Mother.","Kingdom Coming.","La Violette de Carafa.","Love and Devotion.","Memory's Dream.","Men of West Augusta.","Mountain Land West Virginia.","On, On, On, the Boys Came Marching!","Our Grateful Heart Save Singing.","Reminiscing at Cass or the Greenbrier Shay.","Something Tells Me You're the Girl.","Song of a Woman.","Sweet Kitty Wells.","The Ballad of Oakland.","The Battle Cry of Freedom.","The Last Hope.","The Self Service Chain Store.","The Sunny Hours of Childhood.","The Vacant Chair.","The West Virginia Singer.","There's a Little Spark of Love Still Burning.","Tramp! Tramp! Tramp! The Prisoners Hope.","We Are Mountaineers.","West Virginia.","West Virginia! And My Home.","West Virginia University Songs.","What a Lovely Day!","Who Will Care For Mother Now?","Wild and Wonderful West Virginia.","William Tell Overture.","Willie My Brave.","Transferred to A\u0026M 727, Pearl S. Buck, Author. Papers: Correspondence, manuscripts, articles, photographs and clippings by and about Pearl S. Buck and her birthplace collected by Jim Comstock (1938-1973; 6 in.)"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_65d6b5a9a55c1158201a2641c226d229\"\u003ePapers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eWest Virginia Hillbilly\u003c/emph\u003e and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers. Materials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAtlantic Monthly\u003c/emph\u003e writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]). An addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Papers of James (\"Jim\") Franklin Comstock of Richwood, West Virginia, whose position as editor of the West Virginia Hillbilly and avocation as collector and advocate of all things West Virginia led to the preservation of much of the state's physical, visual, and textual history. The collection includes materials Comstock collected about West Virginia history as well as his own personal and professional papers. Materials include: general series of historical documents such as letters, deeds, and county court cases pertaining to a diverse range of subjects (1717, 1754-1988, undated [includes facsimiles]); letters of Lucy Prichard, former instructor at Marshall College (now Marshall University) (1925-1927, undated); clippings and typescripts of Wirt County resident and Atlantic Monthly writer Louis Eckert Reed (ca. 1960-1975, undated); account books concerning economic development and commercial activities in the northern part of the state in the 19th and early 20th centuries (1830-1938); printed material about West Virginia schools, businesses, and events as well as non-West Virginia books and pamphlets (1829-1995, undated); Comstock's personal and professional correspondence (1882-1995, undated); a wide variety of photographs, including images of West Virginia cities and towns, among many others (ca. 1850s-1995, undated); microfilmed records of the Civil War and Dunmore's War (undated); glass lantern slides, which include views of scenery and buildings in Wheeling and various other locations in Ohio County, WV (1871-1897, undated); Grand Army of the Republic and U.S. military history scrapbooks (1883-1918); broadsides, including advertisements for a circus in Moundsville (ca. 1827-1960 [includes facsimiles]); and maps and atlases of pre- and post-statehood West Virginia, counties, colonial North America, and other topics (1730-1976, undated [includes facsimiles]). An addendum of 2013/05 includes additional personal and professional correspondence, publications, newspaper morgue files, photographs, audio-visual material, artifacts, scrapbooks, account books, and maps. For more information on Jim Comstock, see the Historical Note."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_41b33a00fb61928ece3953eb9c83a996\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony."],"persname_ssim":["Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony."],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","Bleakmor, Gallaher \u0026 Ansbrutz","First National Bank of Fairmont","Grand Army of the Republic","Harry Hood \u0026 Company","St. Paul's Evangelical Lutheran Church  (Charleston, W. Va.)","Thistle \u0026 Cox","University of Hard Knocks.","Wheeling Gas Company","Comstock, Jim (James Franklin), 1911-1996","Baker, Newton Diehl, 1871-1937","Banks, Nathaniel Prentiss, 1816-1894","Blennerhassett, Harman, 1764-1831","Breckstein, A. H.","Brown, John, 1800-1859","Brown, William G.  (William Gay), 1800-1884","Buck, Pearl S. (Pearl Sydenstricker), 1892-1973","Byrd, Robert C.","Chapline, Moses.","Clemens, Samuel Langhorne, 1835-1910","Cushwa, Barnet.","Eagle, Henry F.","Gans, George C.","Gans, Mrs. Samuel C.","Gates, Horatio, 1728-1806","Gehr, Daniel.","Goldwater, Barry M. (Barry Morris), 1909-1998","Hornbrook, Jacob.","Humphrey, Hubert H. (Hubert Horatio), 1911-1978","Huntington, Collis Potter, 1821-1900","Maynor, Larry.","Monroe, James, 1758-1831","Norona, Delf, 1895-1974","Prichard, Lucy, 1876-1964.","Randolph, Jennings, 1902-1998","Reed, Louis","Shock, J.C.","Stuart, Jesse, 1906-1984","Washington, Booker T., 1856-1915","Weaver, James M.","Zidn, Anthony."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":514,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:57:04.936Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_5370_c01_c02_c07"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Working Catalog, 1830/1848","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10","parent_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","Series X: Catalogs, 1801/1912"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10"],"title_filing_ssi":"Working Catalog","title_ssm":["Working Catalog"],"title_tesim":["Working Catalog"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Working Catalog, 1830/1848"],"text":["Working Catalog, 1830/1848","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","Series X: Catalogs, 1801/1912","box 09","folder 104","English","History #1-122\n\n-Ecclesiastical History\n \nBiography #1-145\nVoyages and Travels #1-213\nTheology #1-113\nLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\nPeriodicals #1-31\nNovels and Romances #1-350","As well as the unnumbered subjects:","Poetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\n\nLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\n\nChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\n\nPeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\n\nLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals","This volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date.","This catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.","Additions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.","These later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.","The third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.","The title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.","The inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","Series X: Catalogs, 1801/1912"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","Series X: Catalogs, 1801/1912"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1830/1848"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["Circa 1830-1848"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":119,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"containers_ssim":["box 09","folder 104"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistory #1-122\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e-Ecclesiastical History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e \n\u003cli\u003eBiography #1-145\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoyages and Travels #1-213\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheology #1-113\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodicals #1-31\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovels and Romances #1-350\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs well as the unnumbered subjects: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003ePoetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["History #1-122\n\n-Ecclesiastical History\n \nBiography #1-145\nVoyages and Travels #1-213\nTheology #1-113\nLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\nPeriodicals #1-31\nNovels and Romances #1-350","As well as the unnumbered subjects:","Poetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\n\nLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\n\nChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\n\nPeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\n\nLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["This volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAdditions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.","Additions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.","These later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.","The third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.","The title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.","The inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement."],"_nest_path_":"/components#9/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:30:48.798Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","Reel 00037, beginning of the reel.","Reel 00037, filmed after 1911-1930 volume but before the Executive minutes of 1938-1947.","Reel 00037 after 1794-1861 volume.","Reel 00037, following 1897-1911 volume.","Reel 00037 filmed after 1868-1879 minutes but before the 1938-1947 executive board minutes.","In 1967, Marjorie Darnell Evans completed a multi-year thesis project for Catholic University of America publishing a reorganized 1815 catalog in alphabetical order by author, and a typed copy of the original as an appendix, of which photocopies also exist.","On Archive.org \nhttps://archive.org/details/catalogueofalexa00alex/page/n5","Reel 00039","The accounting records in the subscription books shifted back and forth between two systems, one listing transactions chronologically and the other listing them under the names of individuals.","With the exception of the 1826-1854 book, all entries are characterized by double-entry bookkeeping, with the left side page documenting money going out (\"to\"), and the right hand page documenting money coming in (\"by\"), this can be confusing as bills for subscriptions seem at times to have been listed in the outgoing section.","Most of the books begin with indexes of numbered names in no clear order. The same numbers appear in columns toward the right of the accounts pages, just before the amounts, apparently signifying people and groups with which the transactions were undertaken. These numbers should not be confused with the columns on the left indicating the calendar day. They were dropped around 1826.","Payments under the names of individuals appear in the first part of the 1794-1799 volume, the latter parts of the 1799-1809 and 1809-1819 volumes, and throughout the bulk of the two volumes covering 1820-1828.","Arrangement is by year of lecture under its title and orator apart from the seat plan and correspondence on administrative issues. Those are arranged chronologically. Lectures in the modern series were assigned numbers by the Library Company until 1980.","The printed 1801 and 1815 catalogs were arranged by subject and size, with the 1815 supplement seemingly arranged in accession order.","The 1856 printed catalog was arranged alphabetically by author or title.","Working catalogs are arranged by number, except that the 1830-1848 switched to a subject system sometime after 1834 and the 1876 is arranged alphabetically.","Catalogs from 1898 on use a version of the Dewey Decimal System. \nThe old magazines are arranged by title.","See individual arrangement notes for details.","Civil History, Voyages and Travels, Biography, Antiquities, Geography, and Maps etc. (p.13) \n\n\nFolios (1-9) \nQuartos (10-24) \nOctavos (25-109) \nDuodecima and Infra (110-151) \n\n\t\nEcclesiastical History, Theology, Didactic Pieces, Moral Philosophy, and Metaphysics (p.29) \n\n\nFolios (152-154) \t\nQuartos (155-156) \nOctavos (157-188) \nDuodecima and Infra (189-218) \n\n\t\nArts and Sciences, Natural History, Natural Philosophy, and Miscellaneous Literature (p. 35) \n\n\nFolios (219-222) \nQuartos (223-225) \nOctavos (226-266) \nDuodecima and Infra (267-293) \n\nLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. (p.42) \n\n\nFolios (294-295) \nQuartos (296) \nOctavos (297-326) \nDuodecima and Infra (327-338) \n\n\t\nPoetry, Plays, Belles Lettres, and Criticism etc. (p.47) \n\n\nOctavos (339-353) \nDuodecima and Infra (354-385) \n\n\t\nNovels and Romances (p.52) \n\n\nOctavos (386) \nDuodecimas and Infra (387-427) \n\n\t\nAppendix and Supplementary (428-452) (p.54)","The 1,027 titles were assigned numbers according to the following classification system based on size and subject. The title counts are taken from Evans, 1967.","Miscellaneous Folios (21 titles) \nMiscellaneous Quarto (33 titles) \nCivil History, Voyages and Travels, Geography, Antiquities, Biography, etc. \n\n\nOctavos (223 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (95 titles) \n\n\t\nEcclesiastical History, Theology, Essays Moral and Religious, Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics etc. \n\nOctavos (54 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (47 titles) \n\nMiscellaneous _______ General Science, The Arts, Domestic Economy, Natural Philosophy, Periodical Essays, Magazines and Reviews, etc. \n\n\t\nOctavo (72 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (43 titles) \n\t\nLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. \n\nOctavo (60 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \n\nPoetry, the Drama, Belles Lettres, and Criticism\n\nOctavo (39 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \n\nNovels and Romances etc. (130 titles) \n\nAppendix-Supplementary and Miscellaneous (30 titles)","The catalog uses a numbering system in which the full number is given only every hundred and but which otherwise provides only the last two digits, hence the sequence: 98, 99, 1100, 01, 02.","The main portion of the catalog appears to be in accession order. At the end of the numbers #1,028-#1,728, a cross-listing of about 20 periodical works appears.","History #1-122\n\n-Ecclesiastical History\n \nBiography #1-145\nVoyages and Travels #1-213\nTheology #1-113\nLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\nPeriodicals #1-31\nNovels and Romances #1-350","As well as the unnumbered subjects:","Poetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\n\nLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\n\nChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\n\nPeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\n\nLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals","The catalog is arranged alphabetically, usually by author, but otherwise by title. Different volumes bear different numbers. A certain amount of cross-listing is also evident, most obviously through the appendix of Tours, Voyages, and Travels, containing works listed by country that also appear in the main catalog by author. Multi-volume works have the number of volumes indicated following their titles, their numbers end with hyphens to indicate an ascending number for each successive volume.","There are some variations in how titles are counted. The \"Edinburg Encyclopedia\" for example is listed as #1- with 21 volumes but under \"Encyclopedia, Domestic\" it is listed as \"Edinburg\" with 18 volumes and a separate 3 volume supplement at #19-.","The catalog is arranged numerically from 1 to 5,063 following the model of the 1815 Supplement, with numbers greater than 100 being listed in full only every 100 numbers and at the top of each page, but otherwise by their last two digits (e.g. 98, 99, 3900, 1, 2).","Entries include the number, title, and volume of the work. The last three pages have volume numbers and titles. Their sequence is unclear and some are periodicals.","The arrangement of the catalog is alphabetical by title with a few additional sections by subject.  The alphabetical portion includes the letters A-N and Q-Y with the letters O and P missing. The subject headings are \"History\" after \"H,\" \"Letters\" after \"L,\" \"Memoirs\" after \"M,\" and \"British Prose Writers\" after \"P.\" A similar practice was used for the \"Pamphlets\" section of Drinker's catalog of the 1830-1848.  Books are numbered up to 4,314.","The main listing of titles is alphabetical by titles beginning with the letters \"R\" and \"S.\"","Arrangement is by classification number and title based on a version of the Dewey Decimal System, but differs from the fifth edition (1894) in some respects, such as listing 973 as \"Egypt\" rather than the United States. (see the 1894 at https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007477697)","Class headings and numbers are followed by subclass numbers, the first two letters of the author's name, and a number in case there are multiple books by that author. Volumes and publications dates are appended to the end of the title.","Case numbers (shelf locations) have been written in by hand as well as additional titles written in the margins.","The classification is identical to the 1898 except for the added subheadings of Cuba, Japan, and Korea.\nThere is an alphabetical index of subjects.","The 1912 supplement to the catalog was arranged according the same version of the Dewey Decimal System used in previous publications, with classification numbers for which no books were added to the collection omitted. The two lists of magazines divided them into bound and unbound collections, each arranged by title and date.","Alphabetical by title. Note that bound and unbound magazines are grouped together, rather than separated as in the 1912 supplement list.","The original circulation book of 1794-1795 contains two different systems for tracking loans and borrowers. The columns of the initial system included, from left-to-right: patron name, the time the book was out, book number, and book size. Each book size had its own column, which from left-to-right were folio, \"4-to\" (quarto), \"8-vo\" (octavio), \"12-mo\" (duodecimo or twelvemo), and \"16-mo\" (sextodecimo or sixteenmo).","This method was abandoned, and subsequently an attempt was made to record circulation by subscriber. Each subscriber was assigned a number and accorded a set of pages bearing that number instead of page numbers. An index of them appears at the back with some names crossed out. They are not in alphabetical order on the whole, and may represent the order in which they become subscribers. The left-hand pages list the books taken out and the right-hand pages represent returns. As such, similar years and dates are repeated on both sides.","By the start of the 1801-1805 records, the library \nhad switched to a chronological format, which was flexible enough to accommodate increases in the number of subscribers and variations in their degree of patronage but at the cost of making an individual's activity more difficult to isolate. Columns consisted of: patron, title number and volume number, date and day of the week, date returned, and the number of days late and fine (if any).","This remained standard through 1834 with minor variations, like the addition of a date at the top of the page in the 1814-1818 volume, which lasted into the 1830s, and a key for marks indicating returns and renewals in the 1822-1824 volume.","The 1841-1848 volume introduced a new system which separated each set of records into daily sections, with a heading for each day. The columns from left-to-right provided: title number, patron name, returned date, and subject section; the latter being a feature of the working catalog in use at the time.","Abbreviated titles started to appear near the end of June 1845, with some of them being numbered and others not. By July 1845, a majority of the entries were like that. This method disappeared and reappeared over the years that followed.","Between September 1846 and September 1848 the circulation records were kept in the second part of an account book (see notes for the subscription series). The subject system continued during this period under a new organization of columns, consisting of: subject, number (within subject), patron name (with volume number), and finally a column with either a note saying \"return,\" a date, or often a blank field.","The 1857-1858 volume has alphabetical tabs on which patrons are recorded chronologically under the first letter of their name. The columns are also different. From left-to-right they include:  date, patron name (including institutions), title number, and return date. The year is given at the top. In place of a return note, some fields contain other notes like \"mistake\" or \"transferred to Roxbury,\" which are open to interpretation. Titles resume appearing in place of numbers in mid-1858.","The volume covering 1862-1868 shows considerable variation. Initially it featured columns on the left with headings for each day followed by the patron name, while on the right the columns showed the title number and return date. Starting on September 27, 1859 (page 114), the left-hand column was divided between patron name and title, while the columns for title number and return date on the right remained in place. From March 1860 (page 127) to March 1861 (page 175) it returned to the earlier format.","The 1870-1871 volume introduced the columns that would be standard for most of the remainder of the series ending in 1880. They consisted of checkout date, patron name, book title, title number, and return date. The exception was a period beginning in May 1871 and ending on 1 January 1872 of the 1871-1872 volume. During that period, the records provided sections by patron name, with columns for checkout date, title, and return date. There were no title numbers during that period. The arrangement of names was partially alphabetized, possibly reflecting the addition of new names to an originally alphabetical arrangement.","It can be difficult to tell what year it is in some of the later volumes. In the 1872-1874 volume year breaks occur on pages 113 (1873) and 292 (1874). In the 1874-1880 volume they occur on pages 137 (1875), 275 (1876), 345 (1877), 375 (1878), 434 (1879), and 454 (1880).","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","The initial combination of financial and subscription records likely reflected the company's initial dependence on subscription fees, in contrast to the later subscription library in the city that relied more on donors. This recordkeeping system appears to have been a casualty of the merger with the Lyceum, which became official in early 1840.","As the physical volume in use at that time was still mostly blank, it was repeatedly repurposed, first for additional circulation records (until these too lapsed) and later for a \"list of Stockholders and the amount due from each for the year commencing the 13th February 1854,\" which likely relates to the revitalization of the company after its agreement with the Young Men's group. The agreement required the men to find 100 subscribers, and the list was likely prepared for the annual meeting originally scheduled for 20 February (a week after the date on the list), at which it was decided to void the shares of individuals who had not paid.","The 1980 lecture of Dr. William Dudley on \"Captain Gordon and the Raid on Alexandria 1814\" was recorded but was left off the lists of annual lectures printed in later years. It marks the point at which the sequential numbering of annual lectures was stopped. The reason for this is unknown.","No catalog was published under the first librarian, but four were published during the 1796-1818 tenure of his successor.","On 29 December 1796 he was directed to prepare a catalog of books \"classed according to their size and arranged in the order of the alphabet, with the number and cost or value of each,\" although a March 1797 entry suggests that it was still not complete four months later. No copy of this catalog has survived, but there would have been between 200 and 400 titles at that time.","The growth of the collection was driven in part by the acceptance of books in place of subscription fees and the purchase of private libraries. In May 1800 a committee was formed to examine its acquisitions for books that were \"useless, superfluous or of immoral tendency,\" which decided in September to postpone acting on them until it was time to print a new catalog. That time came on 2 November 1801 when a committee was appointed to assist the librarian in creating a new catalog.","On 1 February 1808 the board decided to print a new catalog at 50 cents a copy because \"many members were without any.\" On 2 May this catalog was reported to be largely complete. Another meeting was planned shortly thereafter so that it could be printed \"without delay.\" That meeting is undocumented, if indeed it took place. No copy of this catalog or any direct record of its publication is currently known. But it must have existed since it was referenced in a later circulation book and the librarian received a bonus for his work on it in March 1809.","On 2 May 1814, it was decided to create another new catalog. It would eventually have 1,027 numbers, which circulation records show the library had reached by July 1814. On 14 November 1814, the librarian reported the catalog \"ready for the press.\" He was instructed to obtain 150 copies \"with all convenient dispatch,\" a number raised to 200 the following month. In February 1815, he reported the catalog \"about half-finished\" and presented a copy to the board, which set a price of 50 cents. In March he received compensation for \"his additional trouble in preparing the new catalogue for the press,\" suggesting that the printing had been completed.","The 1815 catalog was later extended by a published supplement that added additional numbers. Unlike other printed works, there is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes. It is, however, clear from circulation records that all its books had circulated by 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830 only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November were adjourned, lacking a quorum. The librarian at the time had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position the following March. It seems plausible that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but that the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of quorum but that it was printed in 1830 anyway.","At the same time, a working catalog was created for use in the library itself. It is the earliest preserved catalog of this type but was probably not the first. It contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled some time earlier, it does not appear to have come into use until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in the circulation records. The first 1,725 entries may have been added at the time of the 1815 supplement with the shift to a new method of arrangement occurring later.","On 8 March 1856 a committee of the revived library company was assigned to rearrange and renumber the books for publication. On 29 November 1856, the board voted for 300 copies of the finished catalog to be produced.","On 18 June 1858 board president Andrew Jamison resigned. On 4 September Richard L. Carne, the chairmen of the committee on the catalog and president pro-tem submitted \"his amendment to the catalog\" and appointed Sylvester Scott as librarian to constitute a \"committee of revisal.\" A new working catalog is preserved from this period continuing into the Civil War, although it does not appear to have been published.","From the reestablishment of the library in the late 1860s to its failure at the close of the 1870s the lack of a published catalog to advertise the available books was identified as a major issue. The last version of the catalog prior to the Civil War had contained over 5,000 books, of which it was estimated in 1871 that 1,000-1,500 had been lost.","Circulations records from the early 1870s feature book numbers around 1,000 that do not correspond to any known listing, and numbers were abandoned entirely from May 1871 to January 1872. It was decided on 2 October 1872 to create a new catalog, and the task was assigned to the new librarian, Emma Young. The fact that the numbers of the circulating books changed to include some with numbers over 5,000 after 4 December 1872 indicates that this work was completed, but it was never published and there is no surviving catalog from that period.","The limited use of the catalog is evident from the prevalence of high numbered works among those in circulation. The highest numbers indicated recent acquisitions, which often received announcements in the Alexandria Gazette.","At the 20 February 1874 meeting, it was noted that \"the last catalogue was published some years previous to the war and had become, by reasons of subsequent losses and additions, very incomplete\" and the board decided to appoint Dr. Theo West \"to catalogue and arrange the books.\" They planned to print the catalog in time for the 1875 annual meeting, but printing was postponed indefinitely.","The new catalog went into effect on 10 July 1874 as seen in the shift in circulation records from a system with numbers up to around 5,800 to a new catalog going to 4,314, but again they were unable to publish it.  Seven months later at the 19 February 1875 meeting, it was decided to arrange a printing \"as soon as possible,\" but this did not occur either.","On 10 March 1876 the board decided upon a different plan. The catalog was to be divided among the directors so that copies might be made \"for the librarian's desk.\" The published account of the 21 February 1877 annual meeting noted that \"many persons have given as a reason for not becoming subscribers the inaccessibility of the old library which was not catalogued. This plea no longer holds.\" Doctor West's catalog \"copied by members of the Board without expense, bound in good style, can now always be found on the Librarian's desk.\" Operations ceased and the books went into storage a few years later.","At the 8 January 1898 meeting of the newly formed Alexandria Library Association, it was moved that the \"the catalogue be printed at once\" with the addition of blank pages between the leaves for advertisements from city merchants.","This catalog was the first to use a version of the Dewey Decimal System, which had become popular since its first publication in 1888, reaching its 5th edition in 1894. This was the first modern classification system in the history of the Alexandria Library.","Subsequent to the publication of the 1898 catalog in January of that year, there are several mentions of publishing \"supplements\" such as on 11 April 1899 and 11 July 1899 which may refer to the practice of publishing notices with the titles of new additions in the Alexandria Gazette, such as those of 6 July and 13 July 1899.","On 1 January 1902 there was a push for a \"supplementary catalogue (being a catalogue of books up to date) be printed\" and the president appointed a committee for that purpose. It was postponed pending the catalog's completion. On 9 October 1906 the board voted to accept an offer from a Mr. White to print 1000 copies in return for advertising space. According to the 8 January 1907 minutes, the library was given half the copies of the 1906 catalog for free, of which it sold 200 and gave 300 away.","The 12 April 1910 minutes mention a decision to \"again postpone the publication a supplementary catalogue.\" On 23 January 1912 it was again put off until the 9 April meeting, where it was decided for a new catalog to be printed and priced at five cents a copy and \"to have the names of the old magazines put into the new catalogue but not into the card catalogue.\" On 12 June 1912 it was reported that \"the catalogue was in the hands of the printer and that Mrs. Monroe was reading the proof\" and the \"new catalog\" was deemed \"ready for distribution\" on 8 October 1912.","The annual report at that same meeting noted that \"the year has also seen the completion of the labelling, classifying, and cataloguing of all the old and valuable magazines which the Board has for so long a time desired to put into shape for distribution,\" which a review of the supplement suggests meant works in good condition available for circulation.","On 11 April 1933 Mrs. Newell \"volunteered to catalogue old magazines in order that their value may be ascertained.\"  On 9 May 1933 she presented a \"typewritten list\" of \"old magazines\" for appraisal as part of their depression era fundraising efforts. On 10 October she reported them to be of \"no value\" and suggested having them sent to the Salvation Army for use as old paper. On 8 January 1934 the board approved this proposal for those magazines of \"no value,\" which do not appear to have included many titles listed in this catalog.","No explicit reason for the abandonment of published catalogs after 1912 was given, but the allusion to card catalogs suggests that it was a final step in the transition from numerical catalogs, which favored bound volumes by allowing new titles to be added to the end of the sequence, to the Dewey Decimal System, which required new titles to be inserted in the correct place in the existing list and was more easily managed with cards which did not require leaving space for new titles as the 1876 catalog had.","The circulation records began with the original library company in 1794 and continued until its collapse in 1880. Some of the gaps in the records reflect periods during which its activity was disrupted.","During the War of 1812, British forces arrived in Alexandria on 29 August 1814 and remained there until 2 September. The library normally closed on Sundays, and remained closed from Sunday 28 August through Tuesday 30 August. It opened from 31 August to 2 September, during which time only four books circulated.","The library was also affected by the Civil War. Hostilities between the Union and Confederacy began at Fort Sumter on 12 April 1861. A vote on Virginia secession was held on 17 April and ratified by a referendum on 23 May. Alexandria was occupied by Union forces the following day. Confederate forces had briefly made use of the Lyceum building housing the library, but it later served as a hospital for the Union. Some books were moved out but others were not.","It is unclear were the library operated from in 1861 and 1862, but it did operate. There was a significant reduction in circulation leading up to the war, dropping to a single entry for 22 April 1861. Solitary patrons were recorded for 18th and 30th of May, and an individual withdrew a book every day through 21-25 December, although the May and December entries are in a different hand and initially broke with the format. In early June 1862 however, the library resumed semi-regular hours, usually opening only Tuesday and Thursday but occasionally other days. Records continue into mid-October, after which two pages are missing from the book before it resumes in 1868. Returns are dated as late as December 1862, and it is unclear when the library ceased operations.","Attempts to preserve the library in the late 1870s were unsuccessful, and the number of pages per year charts its decline and eventual failure over the second half of the decade.","Volume ended up with the Leadbeater family in the 1860s but was donated back in 1922. Was moved at one point in Collection 98 (Library Records after 1937) but was moved back to the Library Company Records in 2018.","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969 \n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","A microfilm reproduction of a copy from the Library of Congress with an 1876 stamp donated as a gift of Mr. Allen Reese 3/1/49.","The binding is almost completely broken and many leaves are loose.","Ms 2-2","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Box 98-2 Folder 16","Ms 2-9","Many of the books have damaged bindings or missing covers. The 1801-1805 volume has both problems, while the 1809-1811 is missing a page and the front cover. The 1814-1816 is also missing pages, as is the 1858-1868 volume for the crucial period of 1862-1863.","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","Records concerning individual lectures, such as programs and invitations, were foldered by individual lecture unless part of a separate series. This permitted the titles of lectures and names of lecturers to be better indexed and gaps in documentation to be made more obvious than would have been the case with separate subseries for programs, transcripts, etc.","There is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes, which is odd for a printed pamphlet. As a result dating was attempted starting from the circulation records, which showed the #1,728 was first checked out on 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830, only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November adjourned for lack of a quorum.  The librarian at the time, George Drinker, had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position in March, so the working hypothesis is that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of a quorum and that it was printing anyway sometime in 1830. That date may need to be updated in light of additional evidence in the future (e.g. the Gazette becoming searchable for the 1830s).","The location of the original is unknown despite Library of Congress Classification number noted by a previous processor resembling that of the original 1815 catalog.","The collection originally contained a photocopy which was removed. I had the image of a staple, suggesting it was a copy of a copy. It was not correctly dated. A modern processor had written \"NOT used. The # sequence would conflict with 1815 catalogue complied by Evans\" in reference to the effort to reconstruct the 1815 arrangement made by Marjorie Darnell Evans, possibly the only record that the individual had access to, and added an \"1815\" date in pen. This is all the more perplexing as another hand had also added a \"1\" before the first number to highlight the fact that the numbers were higher than the 1815 catalog, a fact that tendency to list only the last two digits otherwise obscured.","This volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date.","A previous processor had dated this catalog \"1799?\" but the second page of titles lists an \"Address on the Life and actions of Gen. R. E. Lee delivered on the 12th of Oct. 1871 before the Society of Confederate Soldiers and Sailors in Maryland\" which seemed unlikely to predate the Civil War by so many years, so a later date was sought. Although the initial catalog was completed in 1874, it has been given the date of 1876 when this copy was physically created by the directors.","A copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in the circulation book for the early 1840s, although it dated from decades later. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section, being from the same period and seemingly in the same hand. They were also given a date along with the 1876 catalog.","A photocopy of the original was removed from the collection.","The catalog was previously dated to the 19th century, but has been dated to May 1933 based on the minutes as described in the historical note. The specific reference to a typescript in connection with the term \"old magazines\" in 1933 is difficult to ignore and the scattered notes on condition fit with the goal of appraising the magazines being pursued at that time. I also found it unlikely that the list was drawn up in 1912 as part of the catalog supplement for that year given the differences in arrangement, like the supplement separating bound and unbound volumes, and the differences in contents, like the absence of the Atheneum from the supplement.","A copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in this circulation book, although it obviously dated from decades later than its period of active use. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","The organizational records series contains those records directly concerned with the library company and its predecessors as organizations. It covers charters, by-laws, contracts, the legal definition of the company, and its history. Charters and by-laws between 1794 and 1944 are generally documented in the minutes and or reprinted in catalogs or the Alexandria Gazette.","The general correspondence series covers a long period of the history of the Library Company and its successors, with the bulk from the modern Library Company after 1954, when more documentation was being produced and captured in a systematic way.","From the earlier period, one folder covers the old Library Company, including an account of the Civil War and two folders cover the period of the Alexandria Library Association consisting primarily of correspondence with Andrew Carnegie about his financial support. The material from the Alexandria Library Society chiefly consists of copies of minutes. \nFor library related inquiries after 1937 see the extensive public library correspondence in Ms 98.","The post-1954 correspondence includes lecture arrangements, nomination and member correspondence, announcements, and all manner of memoranda and external correspondence.","The financial reports series includes monthly financial reports from the Alexandria Library Association prior the establishment of the public library and annual reports of the Library Company after 1953 along with a limited amount of additional correspondence on related issues.","There is also a file of annual reports which the Library Company was required to make to the state as a corporation.","For records relating to the Alexandria Library Company's efforts to become tax-exempt in the 1980s, see the Organizational Records series.","The meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.","The bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.","After 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.","Bylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.","The unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers.","The members series contains records relating to the selection, participation, and retention of members of the Library Company, with a focus on the modern period from the 1950s onward. It includes records of the nominating committee, correspondence with and about current or prospective members, and lists of members and guests attending the annual lectures. One of these lists is also available on a 3½ inch disk.","The subscription series consists of bound volumes of records documenting the subscribers of the company while doubling as ledgers for many of the financial transactions of the pre-Lyceum period (1794-1839), with gaps between volumes. Apart from the minutes, the volumes contain the only information on the subscribers of the late 1790s, for which there is a gap in the circulation records.","There are also additional financial records from 1826-1839 and a list of subscribers, paid and not, from 1854. These appear in the same volume (see historical note), along with the circulation records for 1846-1848 in between.","The stubs of printed subscription certificates from 1874-1879 are also included in this series. Each contains an identifying number, the name of a subscriber, and a dollar amount, accompanied in some cases by dates or other notations. A few of the completed patron slips are also in this volume, including dates and the signature of the treasurer.","This series contains information on the annual lecture series, with the bulk covering the period after its revival in 1957. The files for the early years include much of the correspondence arranging for the lectures and information on the lecturers as well as in some cases printed copies of the prepared text. For later years the files consist largely of lecture announcements, programs, and attendance lists.","Audio or video recordings were made of most lectures, but are not currently available. Correspondence relating to the recordings can be found in the relevant subseries.","Correspondence is also available regarding the production of the printed programs and the selection of speakers during the 1970s along with an undated seat plan.","Information on attendance and the financial aspects of the lectures can be found in other series.","Print transcriptions for certain lectures are available in the reading room.","The collection's miscellany includes annual reports of the library, a survey of the old library company books, seals, stationary, and printed matter including poems, fundraising pamphlets, and literature about the library from the League of Women Voters.","The news clippings series consists chiefly of articles about the annual lectures or which report on the annual meetings and the election of officers and members.","The catalogs provide listings of books showing what was available at the library during different time periods and identifying books for some parts of the circulation records. Catalogs also frequently included information on other topics, including the rules of the library, founding documents, library histories, and the value of the books.","Titles were often abbreviated, especially in the working catalogs, and dates of publication were often lacking. This can make identifying a work from the catalog difficult even when copies of it are extant elsewhere.","Catalogs can be used reliably for most of the numerical listings in the circulation records for roughly 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879. The 1815 catalog was not only bigger than the 1801, but had been renumbered. Because of this practice, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to implementation. The 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1830-1848 used it as a base, although it altered its system of arrangement leaving around 30 or so numbers undefined for part of the 1830s. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable for records into the Civil War. The 1856 is available online in a searchable format and organized to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records.","See specific catalog notes for details.","The 1801 catalog corresponds to the title numbers 1-452 in the circulations records from around 1802-1808 and offers the number of volumes and value for each. It is hard to be precise since the dates on which it came into and fell out of use at the library are unknown. The fact that books were removed as well as added at the time of its adoption and its organization suggest that it may not be reliable for the 1794-1796 circulation records, and possibly not even for books circulating earlier in 1801 which were likely identified by an earlier catalog.","In addition to a listing of books, the catalog includes the revised act of incorporation dated September 1799, the laws of the company passed on 2 November 1801 and an alphabetical membership list. \nAt the back is a list of book donations from largest to smallest, including the name of the donor, the total number of volumes donated, and a list of title numbers, along with an index to the catalog and some errata.","It was printed by Cottom and Stewart in Alexandria and sold for fifty cents a copy.","This catalog of 1,027 titles includes the title number, number of volumes, and price, as well as a note to indicate whether something was a donation. It is a reliable reference for the decades that followed, but should be used with caution for earlier periods. Comparison with the 1801 catalog shows that titles were inserted with very low numbers, and it is unclear how the 1808 catalog was organized. Given the way the catalog was divided, there is no clear method by which accretions could have been added to the working catalog other than accession order, whereas the 1815 catalog required them to be categorized.","It is therefore logical to assume that numbers added in between catalog issuances were later changed, and that the 1815 catalog is probably not valid for the preceding period.","The full title of the catalog included the phrase \"to which are prefixed, the Act of Incorporation; the Laws of the Company, and the Names of the Members,\" but our copy contains only pages 11-46 and does not contain front matter. It is unclear whether the first ten pages were removed, or John A. Stewart's edition was simply printed without them.","This printed catalog supplement extends the 1815 catalog from #1,027 to #1,728 updating it to August 1830. It was likely published around that time by William Greer, printer, and matches the titles. It matches the numbers of a listing of books dated 1828 in one of the circulation books suggesting that no rearrangement of newer books occurred prior to publication.","The supplement has most of the same information as the 1815, offering the number, title, volume, and value of each title, but lacks its classification system by size and subject. Despite a short cross-listing of periodical works, it has neither the subject classification nor even alphabetization to make it a ready reference.","This catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.","Additions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.","These later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.","The third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.","The title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.","The inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement.","As noted in its introduction, the 300 copies of the 1856 catalog were created not as \"a model catalog but such a one as would be practically useful to the readers of the library.\" It serves as a guide to the collection as contemporary subscribers would have known it, covering the first 4,473 volume numbers for this period. For looking up numbers from the circulation records, it is easier to use the searchable catalog of surviving books or the online version. For later acquisitions, one may use the manuscript catalog that was in use internally from 1858-1860 which is arranged by number.","In addition to the aforementioned note on the catalog's creation, the catalog also includes a historical note on the early history of the library and a copy of the 1799 act of incorporation.","This catalog was implemented sometime in the fall of 1858 as an \"amendment\" to the catalog of 1856 and was likely expanded on an ongoing basis up to the Civil War. Since the 1856 catalog was presumably still in use by subscribers, the two contain largely the same information apart from three key differences. Firstly, the 1858 added accretions to the book collection, extending the book numbers from 4,473 to 5,063. The second difference is that it lists the books by number, to assist the librarians in managing the books, rather than by author and title, which in the 1856 catalog assisted subscribers in finding them. Lastly, it should be noted that titles in both catalogs are abbreviated in different ways.","Despite the overlap and differences of organization, a person looking up a number in the circulation records between February 1857 and 17 September 1859 may still find it easier to consult a searchable online version of the catalog and reserve use of the 1858 for its last 600 numbers. Starting on 27 September 1859, titles began to appear in the circulation records alongside the numbers, making either catalog usable for numbers below 4,474, although due to unpredictable title abbreviations numerical catalogs remained more reliable.","The catalog was signed by a number of librarians of the company inside the front and back covers, sometimes more than once. This includes a listing made in 1871 which is notable for the presence of names not associated with the title \"librarian\" by the minutes.","The initial form of this catalog was compiled by Doctor Theo West and put into use on 10 July 1874, although there may have been additions by the time it was copied by the directors of the library company into its current form. It was intended for publication, but was later advertised as merely being available at the librarian's desk. It was therefore organized with the aim of finding books by title, like a printed catalog, rather than by number like the manuscript catalogs from before the Civil War. It remained in use until the company shut down after 1880.","The book contains a detailed history of the library company including the text of the 1799 act of incorporation written by \"John Stewart, Keeper of the Rolls.\" It is also the only extant catalog with a book plate, albeit one with the shelf location and classification numbers left blank.","The listing of books is missing the letters O and P at a point where the binding is broken, either because they were removed from this edition or never added in. Title information includes the title and number of each book as well as a \"case\" number (presumably for shelving) and occasional volume and date information. Space is left in many places for additional titles to be added, although in some cases this was handled by inserted slips of paper. For details on the organization of the title list see the arrangement note.","This listing of \"R\" titles is largely the same as that copied by the directors for the 1876 catalog, but appears to be in a different hand (most noticeably the number 8). The listing for \"S\" appears to be the same hand as \"R.\" Also included are two pieces of paper with additional titles, and notes in blue asking that additional space be left for new titles to be added. That feature of the main 1876 catalog is absent here and may be the reason it was not included in a complete volume.","The 1898 catalog provides the earliest record of the library's collection after its reestablishment by the Alexandria Library Association, including numbers of volumes and publications dates for each title. The subject classification allows a simple method of gauging the balance of the collection between different areas, particularly in comparison with the publications of 1906 and 1912. Handwritten notes seem to indicate additions and shelf locations, although the date and provenance of those notes is unclear.","A complete update to the 1898 catalog, the 1906 retained the same basic classification system apart from the addition of 3 new sub-classes. It also includes a chart of subscription prices for the library at the front giving lengths of time and numbers of books and a large number of advertisements from local businesses.","For the new subclasses see arrangement note.","The 1912 supplement to the catalog includes additions to the library collection since 1906 as well as a listing of old magazines, which were not mentioned in the 1906 catalog. Most classification numbers were therefore unneeded. The bulk of the entries appear to be fiction and old magazines.","This typescript contains a listing of \"old magazines\" by title and volume that were in the collection in 1933. It also includes some notes on their condition, such as whether they were bound and missing covers, pages, and volumes.","The circulation records consist of bound volumes containing lists of books checked out. They typically list the name of the subscriber, the date, and some method of identifying the work along with various other details. For much of its history, the old library company identified books only by number, although titles and combinations of numbers and titles began appearing around 1845, with titles becoming commonplace after 1858.","The catalogs can be used reliably for only some of the numerical listings due to additions following the publication of rapidly outdated catalogs and changes in numbering that preceded new ones. They are relevant to some of the numbers for 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879 (see catalog series notes and below). Because of possible renumbering, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808 or if it was the first to change the numbering from the 1801, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to its implementation.","The 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1834-1848 catalog used it as a base, despite altering its system of arrangement for later materials and leaving about 30 numbers unclear due to renumbering. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable into the Civil War. Notably, the 1856 is available online in a searchable format. It was arranged to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number only. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records.","Even when numbers cannot be identified, useful information can be inferred from changes in the numbering system and preferences for numbers from particular periods, such as for new acquisitions. One can also use the records to quantify the level of patronage as a whole in various periods. There are no circulation records at the book level from the Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937) and later, although summary reports of circulation became common during the modern period and were often noted in minutes and annual reports.","There are significant gaps in the circulation records, which nominally cover the period from November 1794 to January 1880. These come in several different types. Some of them appear to indicate missing volumes, including July 1795-June 1801, May 1811-February 1814, January 1835-Feburary 1841, September 1848-October 1858, and 1868-1870, but there are also gaps of a few months between volumes in 1805, 1824, 1846, 1871, and 1874. Additionally, there is a month of pages missing from the middle of 1831, and two pages are missing after October 1862, even though returns were noted as late December, before resuming in April 1868 (on the Civil War see the historical note for this series).","Title numbers began at around 200, gradually rising to over 5,000 before the Civil War. After the war, numbers ran below 1,000 for the most part, before changing to numbers over 5,000 again on 4 December 1873 (p.279) and then dropping to lower numbers on 10 July 1874 (p.69), with some titles in the 5000s being renumbered to the 3000s.","Many of volumes contain lists of books in their front or back matter, usually including both titles and numbers. This is one of the only sources for matching that information for some periods of the library's history and includes the only reference to the 1808 catalog outside the minutes. They include lists of missing books (the 1822-1824 volume), books sent to be bound (1824-1828 and 1828-1831) and of the Waverly Novels (1822-1824).","Changes in the hand recording the information signal personnel changes, and many of the volumes were inscribed with the names of librarians or members of the company, occasionally accompanied by other kinds of scribbling as in 1814-1816, 1831-1834, and especially 1858-1868. There is also some doodling, which appears inside the covers in a modest way in the 1814-1816 volume and far more extensively in the 1841-1848 and 1858-1868 ones. The 1841-1848 also contains doodles among the actual circulation records.","For the columns and specific information that varied over time see the arrangement note for this series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReel 00037, beginning of the reel.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReel 00037, filmed after 1911-1930 volume but before the Executive minutes of 1938-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReel 00037 after 1794-1861 volume.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReel 00037, following 1897-1911 volume.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReel 00037 filmed after 1868-1879 minutes but before the 1938-1947 executive board minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1967, Marjorie Darnell Evans completed a multi-year thesis project for Catholic University of America publishing a reorganized 1815 catalog in alphabetical order by author, and a typed copy of the original as an appendix, of which photocopies also exist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn Archive.org \nhttps://archive.org/details/catalogueofalexa00alex/page/n5\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReel 00039\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Microfilm Copy","Microfilm Copy","Microfilm Copy","Microfilm Copy","Microfilm Copies","Existence and Location of Copies","Digitized Copy","Microfilm Copy"],"altformavail_tesim":["Reel 00037, beginning of the reel.","Reel 00037, filmed after 1911-1930 volume but before the Executive minutes of 1938-1947.","Reel 00037 after 1794-1861 volume.","Reel 00037, following 1897-1911 volume.","Reel 00037 filmed after 1868-1879 minutes but before the 1938-1947 executive board minutes.","In 1967, Marjorie Darnell Evans completed a multi-year thesis project for Catholic University of America publishing a reorganized 1815 catalog in alphabetical order by author, and a typed copy of the original as an appendix, of which photocopies also exist.","On Archive.org \nhttps://archive.org/details/catalogueofalexa00alex/page/n5","Reel 00039"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe accounting records in the subscription books shifted back and forth between two systems, one listing transactions chronologically and the other listing them under the names of individuals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWith the exception of the 1826-1854 book, all entries are characterized by double-entry bookkeeping, with the left side page documenting money going out (\"to\"), and the right hand page documenting money coming in (\"by\"), this can be confusing as bills for subscriptions seem at times to have been listed in the outgoing section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost of the books begin with indexes of numbered names in no clear order. The same numbers appear in columns toward the right of the accounts pages, just before the amounts, apparently signifying people and groups with which the transactions were undertaken. These numbers should not be confused with the columns on the left indicating the calendar day. They were dropped around 1826.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPayments under the names of individuals appear in the first part of the 1794-1799 volume, the latter parts of the 1799-1809 and 1809-1819 volumes, and throughout the bulk of the two volumes covering 1820-1828.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement is by year of lecture under its title and orator apart from the seat plan and correspondence on administrative issues. Those are arranged chronologically. Lectures in the modern series were assigned numbers by the Library Company until 1980.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe printed 1801 and 1815 catalogs were arranged by subject and size, with the 1815 supplement seemingly arranged in accession order. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1856 printed catalog was arranged alphabetically by author or title. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWorking catalogs are arranged by number, except that the 1830-1848 switched to a subject system sometime after 1834 and the 1876 is arranged alphabetically. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCatalogs from 1898 on use a version of the Dewey Decimal System. \nThe old magazines are arranged by title. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSee individual arrangement notes for details. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil History, Voyages and Travels, Biography, Antiquities, Geography, and Maps etc. (p.13) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFolios (1-9) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuartos (10-24) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (25-109) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (110-151) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcclesiastical History, Theology, Didactic Pieces, Moral Philosophy, and Metaphysics (p.29) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFolios (152-154) \u003c/li\u003e\t\n\u003cli\u003eQuartos (155-156) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (157-188) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (189-218) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eArts and Sciences, Natural History, Natural Philosophy, and Miscellaneous Literature (p. 35) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFolios (219-222) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuartos (223-225) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (226-266) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (267-293) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. (p.42) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eFolios (294-295) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eQuartos (296) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (297-326) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (327-338) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoetry, Plays, Belles Lettres, and Criticism etc. (p.47) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (339-353) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (354-385) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovels and Romances (p.52) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (386) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecimas and Infra (387-427) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix and Supplementary (428-452) (p.54) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1,027 titles were assigned numbers according to the following classification system based on size and subject. The title counts are taken from Evans, 1967.\u003c/p\u003e\n\n\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiscellaneous Folios (21 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiscellaneous Quarto (33 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eCivil History, Voyages and Travels, Geography, Antiquities, Biography, etc. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (223 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (95 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eEcclesiastical History, Theology, Essays Moral and Religious, Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics etc. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavos (54 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (47 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMiscellaneous _______ General Science, The Arts, Domestic Economy, Natural Philosophy, Periodical Essays, Magazines and Reviews, etc. \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\t\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavo (72 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (43 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\t\n\u003cli\u003eLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavo (60 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePoetry, the Drama, Belles Lettres, and Criticism\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eOctavo (39 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovels and Romances etc. (130 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eAppendix-Supplementary and Miscellaneous (30 titles) \u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe catalog uses a numbering system in which the full number is given only every hundred and but which otherwise provides only the last two digits, hence the sequence: 98, 99, 1100, 01, 02. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe main portion of the catalog appears to be in accession order. At the end of the numbers #1,028-#1,728, a cross-listing of about 20 periodical works appears.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eHistory #1-122\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e-Ecclesiastical History\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e \n\u003cli\u003eBiography #1-145\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eVoyages and Travels #1-213\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eTheology #1-113\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodicals #1-31\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eNovels and Romances #1-350\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAs well as the unnumbered subjects: \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cul\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003ePoetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003ePeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\u003c/li\u003e\n\n\u003cli\u003eLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe catalog is arranged alphabetically, usually by author, but otherwise by title. Different volumes bear different numbers. A certain amount of cross-listing is also evident, most obviously through the appendix of Tours, Voyages, and Travels, containing works listed by country that also appear in the main catalog by author. Multi-volume works have the number of volumes indicated following their titles, their numbers end with hyphens to indicate an ascending number for each successive volume.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are some variations in how titles are counted. The \"Edinburg Encyclopedia\" for example is listed as #1- with 21 volumes but under \"Encyclopedia, Domestic\" it is listed as \"Edinburg\" with 18 volumes and a separate 3 volume supplement at #19-.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe catalog is arranged numerically from 1 to 5,063 following the model of the 1815 Supplement, with numbers greater than 100 being listed in full only every 100 numbers and at the top of each page, but otherwise by their last two digits (e.g. 98, 99, 3900, 1, 2).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEntries include the number, title, and volume of the work. The last three pages have volume numbers and titles. Their sequence is unclear and some are periodicals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe arrangement of the catalog is alphabetical by title with a few additional sections by subject.  The alphabetical portion includes the letters A-N and Q-Y with the letters O and P missing. The subject headings are \"History\" after \"H,\" \"Letters\" after \"L,\" \"Memoirs\" after \"M,\" and \"British Prose Writers\" after \"P.\" A similar practice was used for the \"Pamphlets\" section of Drinker's catalog of the 1830-1848.  Books are numbered up to 4,314.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe main listing of titles is alphabetical by titles beginning with the letters \"R\" and \"S.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement is by classification number and title based on a version of the Dewey Decimal System, but differs from the fifth edition (1894) in some respects, such as listing 973 as \"Egypt\" rather than the United States. (see the 1894 at https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007477697)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nClass headings and numbers are followed by subclass numbers, the first two letters of the author's name, and a number in case there are multiple books by that author. Volumes and publications dates are appended to the end of the title.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCase numbers (shelf locations) have been written in by hand as well as additional titles written in the margins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe classification is identical to the 1898 except for the added subheadings of Cuba, Japan, and Korea.\nThere is an alphabetical index of subjects.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1912 supplement to the catalog was arranged according the same version of the Dewey Decimal System used in previous publications, with classification numbers for which no books were added to the collection omitted. The two lists of magazines divided them into bound and unbound collections, each arranged by title and date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlphabetical by title. Note that bound and unbound magazines are grouped together, rather than separated as in the 1912 supplement list.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original circulation book of 1794-1795 contains two different systems for tracking loans and borrowers. The columns of the initial system included, from left-to-right: patron name, the time the book was out, book number, and book size. Each book size had its own column, which from left-to-right were folio, \"4-to\" (quarto), \"8-vo\" (octavio), \"12-mo\" (duodecimo or twelvemo), and \"16-mo\" (sextodecimo or sixteenmo).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis method was abandoned, and subsequently an attempt was made to record circulation by subscriber. Each subscriber was assigned a number and accorded a set of pages bearing that number instead of page numbers. An index of them appears at the back with some names crossed out. They are not in alphabetical order on the whole, and may represent the order in which they become subscribers. The left-hand pages list the books taken out and the right-hand pages represent returns. As such, similar years and dates are repeated on both sides.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBy the start of the 1801-1805 records, the library \nhad switched to a chronological format, which was flexible enough to accommodate increases in the number of subscribers and variations in their degree of patronage but at the cost of making an individual's activity more difficult to isolate. Columns consisted of: patron, title number and volume number, date and day of the week, date returned, and the number of days late and fine (if any).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis remained standard through 1834 with minor variations, like the addition of a date at the top of the page in the 1814-1818 volume, which lasted into the 1830s, and a key for marks indicating returns and renewals in the 1822-1824 volume.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1841-1848 volume introduced a new system which separated each set of records into daily sections, with a heading for each day. The columns from left-to-right provided: title number, patron name, returned date, and subject section; the latter being a feature of the working catalog in use at the time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAbbreviated titles started to appear near the end of June 1845, with some of them being numbered and others not. By July 1845, a majority of the entries were like that. This method disappeared and reappeared over the years that followed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBetween September 1846 and September 1848 the circulation records were kept in the second part of an account book (see notes for the subscription series). The subject system continued during this period under a new organization of columns, consisting of: subject, number (within subject), patron name (with volume number), and finally a column with either a note saying \"return,\" a date, or often a blank field.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1857-1858 volume has alphabetical tabs on which patrons are recorded chronologically under the first letter of their name. The columns are also different. From left-to-right they include:  date, patron name (including institutions), title number, and return date. The year is given at the top. In place of a return note, some fields contain other notes like \"mistake\" or \"transferred to Roxbury,\" which are open to interpretation. Titles resume appearing in place of numbers in mid-1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe volume covering 1862-1868 shows considerable variation. Initially it featured columns on the left with headings for each day followed by the patron name, while on the right the columns showed the title number and return date. Starting on September 27, 1859 (page 114), the left-hand column was divided between patron name and title, while the columns for title number and return date on the right remained in place. From March 1860 (page 127) to March 1861 (page 175) it returned to the earlier format.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1870-1871 volume introduced the columns that would be standard for most of the remainder of the series ending in 1880. They consisted of checkout date, patron name, book title, title number, and return date. The exception was a period beginning in May 1871 and ending on 1 January 1872 of the 1871-1872 volume. During that period, the records provided sections by patron name, with columns for checkout date, title, and return date. There were no title numbers during that period. The arrangement of names was partially alphabetized, possibly reflecting the addition of new names to an originally alphabetical arrangement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt can be difficult to tell what year it is in some of the later volumes. In the 1872-1874 volume year breaks occur on pages 113 (1873) and 292 (1874). In the 1874-1880 volume they occur on pages 137 (1875), 275 (1876), 345 (1877), 375 (1878), 434 (1879), and 454 (1880).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement","Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The accounting records in the subscription books shifted back and forth between two systems, one listing transactions chronologically and the other listing them under the names of individuals.","With the exception of the 1826-1854 book, all entries are characterized by double-entry bookkeeping, with the left side page documenting money going out (\"to\"), and the right hand page documenting money coming in (\"by\"), this can be confusing as bills for subscriptions seem at times to have been listed in the outgoing section.","Most of the books begin with indexes of numbered names in no clear order. The same numbers appear in columns toward the right of the accounts pages, just before the amounts, apparently signifying people and groups with which the transactions were undertaken. These numbers should not be confused with the columns on the left indicating the calendar day. They were dropped around 1826.","Payments under the names of individuals appear in the first part of the 1794-1799 volume, the latter parts of the 1799-1809 and 1809-1819 volumes, and throughout the bulk of the two volumes covering 1820-1828.","Arrangement is by year of lecture under its title and orator apart from the seat plan and correspondence on administrative issues. Those are arranged chronologically. Lectures in the modern series were assigned numbers by the Library Company until 1980.","The printed 1801 and 1815 catalogs were arranged by subject and size, with the 1815 supplement seemingly arranged in accession order.","The 1856 printed catalog was arranged alphabetically by author or title.","Working catalogs are arranged by number, except that the 1830-1848 switched to a subject system sometime after 1834 and the 1876 is arranged alphabetically.","Catalogs from 1898 on use a version of the Dewey Decimal System. \nThe old magazines are arranged by title.","See individual arrangement notes for details.","Civil History, Voyages and Travels, Biography, Antiquities, Geography, and Maps etc. (p.13) \n\n\nFolios (1-9) \nQuartos (10-24) \nOctavos (25-109) \nDuodecima and Infra (110-151) \n\n\t\nEcclesiastical History, Theology, Didactic Pieces, Moral Philosophy, and Metaphysics (p.29) \n\n\nFolios (152-154) \t\nQuartos (155-156) \nOctavos (157-188) \nDuodecima and Infra (189-218) \n\n\t\nArts and Sciences, Natural History, Natural Philosophy, and Miscellaneous Literature (p. 35) \n\n\nFolios (219-222) \nQuartos (223-225) \nOctavos (226-266) \nDuodecima and Infra (267-293) \n\nLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. (p.42) \n\n\nFolios (294-295) \nQuartos (296) \nOctavos (297-326) \nDuodecima and Infra (327-338) \n\n\t\nPoetry, Plays, Belles Lettres, and Criticism etc. (p.47) \n\n\nOctavos (339-353) \nDuodecima and Infra (354-385) \n\n\t\nNovels and Romances (p.52) \n\n\nOctavos (386) \nDuodecimas and Infra (387-427) \n\n\t\nAppendix and Supplementary (428-452) (p.54)","The 1,027 titles were assigned numbers according to the following classification system based on size and subject. The title counts are taken from Evans, 1967.","Miscellaneous Folios (21 titles) \nMiscellaneous Quarto (33 titles) \nCivil History, Voyages and Travels, Geography, Antiquities, Biography, etc. \n\n\nOctavos (223 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (95 titles) \n\n\t\nEcclesiastical History, Theology, Essays Moral and Religious, Moral Philosophy and Metaphysics etc. \n\nOctavos (54 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (47 titles) \n\nMiscellaneous _______ General Science, The Arts, Domestic Economy, Natural Philosophy, Periodical Essays, Magazines and Reviews, etc. \n\n\t\nOctavo (72 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (43 titles) \n\t\nLaw, Politics, Political Economy, Agriculture, Commerce, etc. \n\nOctavo (60 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \n\nPoetry, the Drama, Belles Lettres, and Criticism\n\nOctavo (39 titles) \nDuodecima and Infra (13 titles) \n\nNovels and Romances etc. (130 titles) \n\nAppendix-Supplementary and Miscellaneous (30 titles)","The catalog uses a numbering system in which the full number is given only every hundred and but which otherwise provides only the last two digits, hence the sequence: 98, 99, 1100, 01, 02.","The main portion of the catalog appears to be in accession order. At the end of the numbers #1,028-#1,728, a cross-listing of about 20 periodical works appears.","History #1-122\n\n-Ecclesiastical History\n \nBiography #1-145\nVoyages and Travels #1-213\nTheology #1-113\nLexicography [crossed out] #1-6\nPeriodicals #1-31\nNovels and Romances #1-350","As well as the unnumbered subjects:","Poetry, Belles Letters and the Drama\n\nLexicography, Statistics and Encyclopedia\n\nChemistry, Minerology, Surgery, and Materia Medica\n\nPeriodicals, Philosophy, and Miscellaneous and General Science\n\nLaw, Oratory of the Bar, and Military and Political Journals","The catalog is arranged alphabetically, usually by author, but otherwise by title. Different volumes bear different numbers. A certain amount of cross-listing is also evident, most obviously through the appendix of Tours, Voyages, and Travels, containing works listed by country that also appear in the main catalog by author. Multi-volume works have the number of volumes indicated following their titles, their numbers end with hyphens to indicate an ascending number for each successive volume.","There are some variations in how titles are counted. The \"Edinburg Encyclopedia\" for example is listed as #1- with 21 volumes but under \"Encyclopedia, Domestic\" it is listed as \"Edinburg\" with 18 volumes and a separate 3 volume supplement at #19-.","The catalog is arranged numerically from 1 to 5,063 following the model of the 1815 Supplement, with numbers greater than 100 being listed in full only every 100 numbers and at the top of each page, but otherwise by their last two digits (e.g. 98, 99, 3900, 1, 2).","Entries include the number, title, and volume of the work. The last three pages have volume numbers and titles. Their sequence is unclear and some are periodicals.","The arrangement of the catalog is alphabetical by title with a few additional sections by subject.  The alphabetical portion includes the letters A-N and Q-Y with the letters O and P missing. The subject headings are \"History\" after \"H,\" \"Letters\" after \"L,\" \"Memoirs\" after \"M,\" and \"British Prose Writers\" after \"P.\" A similar practice was used for the \"Pamphlets\" section of Drinker's catalog of the 1830-1848.  Books are numbered up to 4,314.","The main listing of titles is alphabetical by titles beginning with the letters \"R\" and \"S.\"","Arrangement is by classification number and title based on a version of the Dewey Decimal System, but differs from the fifth edition (1894) in some respects, such as listing 973 as \"Egypt\" rather than the United States. (see the 1894 at https://catalog.hathitrust.org/Record/007477697)","Class headings and numbers are followed by subclass numbers, the first two letters of the author's name, and a number in case there are multiple books by that author. Volumes and publications dates are appended to the end of the title.","Case numbers (shelf locations) have been written in by hand as well as additional titles written in the margins.","The classification is identical to the 1898 except for the added subheadings of Cuba, Japan, and Korea.\nThere is an alphabetical index of subjects.","The 1912 supplement to the catalog was arranged according the same version of the Dewey Decimal System used in previous publications, with classification numbers for which no books were added to the collection omitted. The two lists of magazines divided them into bound and unbound collections, each arranged by title and date.","Alphabetical by title. Note that bound and unbound magazines are grouped together, rather than separated as in the 1912 supplement list.","The original circulation book of 1794-1795 contains two different systems for tracking loans and borrowers. The columns of the initial system included, from left-to-right: patron name, the time the book was out, book number, and book size. Each book size had its own column, which from left-to-right were folio, \"4-to\" (quarto), \"8-vo\" (octavio), \"12-mo\" (duodecimo or twelvemo), and \"16-mo\" (sextodecimo or sixteenmo).","This method was abandoned, and subsequently an attempt was made to record circulation by subscriber. Each subscriber was assigned a number and accorded a set of pages bearing that number instead of page numbers. An index of them appears at the back with some names crossed out. They are not in alphabetical order on the whole, and may represent the order in which they become subscribers. The left-hand pages list the books taken out and the right-hand pages represent returns. As such, similar years and dates are repeated on both sides.","By the start of the 1801-1805 records, the library \nhad switched to a chronological format, which was flexible enough to accommodate increases in the number of subscribers and variations in their degree of patronage but at the cost of making an individual's activity more difficult to isolate. Columns consisted of: patron, title number and volume number, date and day of the week, date returned, and the number of days late and fine (if any).","This remained standard through 1834 with minor variations, like the addition of a date at the top of the page in the 1814-1818 volume, which lasted into the 1830s, and a key for marks indicating returns and renewals in the 1822-1824 volume.","The 1841-1848 volume introduced a new system which separated each set of records into daily sections, with a heading for each day. The columns from left-to-right provided: title number, patron name, returned date, and subject section; the latter being a feature of the working catalog in use at the time.","Abbreviated titles started to appear near the end of June 1845, with some of them being numbered and others not. By July 1845, a majority of the entries were like that. This method disappeared and reappeared over the years that followed.","Between September 1846 and September 1848 the circulation records were kept in the second part of an account book (see notes for the subscription series). The subject system continued during this period under a new organization of columns, consisting of: subject, number (within subject), patron name (with volume number), and finally a column with either a note saying \"return,\" a date, or often a blank field.","The 1857-1858 volume has alphabetical tabs on which patrons are recorded chronologically under the first letter of their name. The columns are also different. From left-to-right they include:  date, patron name (including institutions), title number, and return date. The year is given at the top. In place of a return note, some fields contain other notes like \"mistake\" or \"transferred to Roxbury,\" which are open to interpretation. Titles resume appearing in place of numbers in mid-1858.","The volume covering 1862-1868 shows considerable variation. Initially it featured columns on the left with headings for each day followed by the patron name, while on the right the columns showed the title number and return date. Starting on September 27, 1859 (page 114), the left-hand column was divided between patron name and title, while the columns for title number and return date on the right remained in place. From March 1860 (page 127) to March 1861 (page 175) it returned to the earlier format.","The 1870-1871 volume introduced the columns that would be standard for most of the remainder of the series ending in 1880. They consisted of checkout date, patron name, book title, title number, and return date. The exception was a period beginning in May 1871 and ending on 1 January 1872 of the 1871-1872 volume. During that period, the records provided sections by patron name, with columns for checkout date, title, and return date. There were no title numbers during that period. The arrangement of names was partially alphabetized, possibly reflecting the addition of new names to an originally alphabetical arrangement.","It can be difficult to tell what year it is in some of the later volumes. In the 1872-1874 volume year breaks occur on pages 113 (1873) and 292 (1874). In the 1874-1880 volume they occur on pages 137 (1875), 275 (1876), 345 (1877), 375 (1878), 434 (1879), and 454 (1880)."],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library","Historical Note","Biographical / Historical","Historical Note","Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","The initial combination of financial and subscription records likely reflected the company's initial dependence on subscription fees, in contrast to the later subscription library in the city that relied more on donors. This recordkeeping system appears to have been a casualty of the merger with the Lyceum, which became official in early 1840.","As the physical volume in use at that time was still mostly blank, it was repeatedly repurposed, first for additional circulation records (until these too lapsed) and later for a \"list of Stockholders and the amount due from each for the year commencing the 13th February 1854,\" which likely relates to the revitalization of the company after its agreement with the Young Men's group. The agreement required the men to find 100 subscribers, and the list was likely prepared for the annual meeting originally scheduled for 20 February (a week after the date on the list), at which it was decided to void the shares of individuals who had not paid.","The 1980 lecture of Dr. William Dudley on \"Captain Gordon and the Raid on Alexandria 1814\" was recorded but was left off the lists of annual lectures printed in later years. It marks the point at which the sequential numbering of annual lectures was stopped. The reason for this is unknown.","No catalog was published under the first librarian, but four were published during the 1796-1818 tenure of his successor.","On 29 December 1796 he was directed to prepare a catalog of books \"classed according to their size and arranged in the order of the alphabet, with the number and cost or value of each,\" although a March 1797 entry suggests that it was still not complete four months later. No copy of this catalog has survived, but there would have been between 200 and 400 titles at that time.","The growth of the collection was driven in part by the acceptance of books in place of subscription fees and the purchase of private libraries. In May 1800 a committee was formed to examine its acquisitions for books that were \"useless, superfluous or of immoral tendency,\" which decided in September to postpone acting on them until it was time to print a new catalog. That time came on 2 November 1801 when a committee was appointed to assist the librarian in creating a new catalog.","On 1 February 1808 the board decided to print a new catalog at 50 cents a copy because \"many members were without any.\" On 2 May this catalog was reported to be largely complete. Another meeting was planned shortly thereafter so that it could be printed \"without delay.\" That meeting is undocumented, if indeed it took place. No copy of this catalog or any direct record of its publication is currently known. But it must have existed since it was referenced in a later circulation book and the librarian received a bonus for his work on it in March 1809.","On 2 May 1814, it was decided to create another new catalog. It would eventually have 1,027 numbers, which circulation records show the library had reached by July 1814. On 14 November 1814, the librarian reported the catalog \"ready for the press.\" He was instructed to obtain 150 copies \"with all convenient dispatch,\" a number raised to 200 the following month. In February 1815, he reported the catalog \"about half-finished\" and presented a copy to the board, which set a price of 50 cents. In March he received compensation for \"his additional trouble in preparing the new catalogue for the press,\" suggesting that the printing had been completed.","The 1815 catalog was later extended by a published supplement that added additional numbers. Unlike other printed works, there is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes. It is, however, clear from circulation records that all its books had circulated by 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830 only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November were adjourned, lacking a quorum. The librarian at the time had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position the following March. It seems plausible that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but that the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of quorum but that it was printed in 1830 anyway.","At the same time, a working catalog was created for use in the library itself. It is the earliest preserved catalog of this type but was probably not the first. It contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled some time earlier, it does not appear to have come into use until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in the circulation records. The first 1,725 entries may have been added at the time of the 1815 supplement with the shift to a new method of arrangement occurring later.","On 8 March 1856 a committee of the revived library company was assigned to rearrange and renumber the books for publication. On 29 November 1856, the board voted for 300 copies of the finished catalog to be produced.","On 18 June 1858 board president Andrew Jamison resigned. On 4 September Richard L. Carne, the chairmen of the committee on the catalog and president pro-tem submitted \"his amendment to the catalog\" and appointed Sylvester Scott as librarian to constitute a \"committee of revisal.\" A new working catalog is preserved from this period continuing into the Civil War, although it does not appear to have been published.","From the reestablishment of the library in the late 1860s to its failure at the close of the 1870s the lack of a published catalog to advertise the available books was identified as a major issue. The last version of the catalog prior to the Civil War had contained over 5,000 books, of which it was estimated in 1871 that 1,000-1,500 had been lost.","Circulations records from the early 1870s feature book numbers around 1,000 that do not correspond to any known listing, and numbers were abandoned entirely from May 1871 to January 1872. It was decided on 2 October 1872 to create a new catalog, and the task was assigned to the new librarian, Emma Young. The fact that the numbers of the circulating books changed to include some with numbers over 5,000 after 4 December 1872 indicates that this work was completed, but it was never published and there is no surviving catalog from that period.","The limited use of the catalog is evident from the prevalence of high numbered works among those in circulation. The highest numbers indicated recent acquisitions, which often received announcements in the Alexandria Gazette.","At the 20 February 1874 meeting, it was noted that \"the last catalogue was published some years previous to the war and had become, by reasons of subsequent losses and additions, very incomplete\" and the board decided to appoint Dr. Theo West \"to catalogue and arrange the books.\" They planned to print the catalog in time for the 1875 annual meeting, but printing was postponed indefinitely.","The new catalog went into effect on 10 July 1874 as seen in the shift in circulation records from a system with numbers up to around 5,800 to a new catalog going to 4,314, but again they were unable to publish it.  Seven months later at the 19 February 1875 meeting, it was decided to arrange a printing \"as soon as possible,\" but this did not occur either.","On 10 March 1876 the board decided upon a different plan. The catalog was to be divided among the directors so that copies might be made \"for the librarian's desk.\" The published account of the 21 February 1877 annual meeting noted that \"many persons have given as a reason for not becoming subscribers the inaccessibility of the old library which was not catalogued. This plea no longer holds.\" Doctor West's catalog \"copied by members of the Board without expense, bound in good style, can now always be found on the Librarian's desk.\" Operations ceased and the books went into storage a few years later.","At the 8 January 1898 meeting of the newly formed Alexandria Library Association, it was moved that the \"the catalogue be printed at once\" with the addition of blank pages between the leaves for advertisements from city merchants.","This catalog was the first to use a version of the Dewey Decimal System, which had become popular since its first publication in 1888, reaching its 5th edition in 1894. This was the first modern classification system in the history of the Alexandria Library.","Subsequent to the publication of the 1898 catalog in January of that year, there are several mentions of publishing \"supplements\" such as on 11 April 1899 and 11 July 1899 which may refer to the practice of publishing notices with the titles of new additions in the Alexandria Gazette, such as those of 6 July and 13 July 1899.","On 1 January 1902 there was a push for a \"supplementary catalogue (being a catalogue of books up to date) be printed\" and the president appointed a committee for that purpose. It was postponed pending the catalog's completion. On 9 October 1906 the board voted to accept an offer from a Mr. White to print 1000 copies in return for advertising space. According to the 8 January 1907 minutes, the library was given half the copies of the 1906 catalog for free, of which it sold 200 and gave 300 away.","The 12 April 1910 minutes mention a decision to \"again postpone the publication a supplementary catalogue.\" On 23 January 1912 it was again put off until the 9 April meeting, where it was decided for a new catalog to be printed and priced at five cents a copy and \"to have the names of the old magazines put into the new catalogue but not into the card catalogue.\" On 12 June 1912 it was reported that \"the catalogue was in the hands of the printer and that Mrs. Monroe was reading the proof\" and the \"new catalog\" was deemed \"ready for distribution\" on 8 October 1912.","The annual report at that same meeting noted that \"the year has also seen the completion of the labelling, classifying, and cataloguing of all the old and valuable magazines which the Board has for so long a time desired to put into shape for distribution,\" which a review of the supplement suggests meant works in good condition available for circulation.","On 11 April 1933 Mrs. Newell \"volunteered to catalogue old magazines in order that their value may be ascertained.\"  On 9 May 1933 she presented a \"typewritten list\" of \"old magazines\" for appraisal as part of their depression era fundraising efforts. On 10 October she reported them to be of \"no value\" and suggested having them sent to the Salvation Army for use as old paper. On 8 January 1934 the board approved this proposal for those magazines of \"no value,\" which do not appear to have included many titles listed in this catalog.","No explicit reason for the abandonment of published catalogs after 1912 was given, but the allusion to card catalogs suggests that it was a final step in the transition from numerical catalogs, which favored bound volumes by allowing new titles to be added to the end of the sequence, to the Dewey Decimal System, which required new titles to be inserted in the correct place in the existing list and was more easily managed with cards which did not require leaving space for new titles as the 1876 catalog had.","The circulation records began with the original library company in 1794 and continued until its collapse in 1880. Some of the gaps in the records reflect periods during which its activity was disrupted.","During the War of 1812, British forces arrived in Alexandria on 29 August 1814 and remained there until 2 September. The library normally closed on Sundays, and remained closed from Sunday 28 August through Tuesday 30 August. It opened from 31 August to 2 September, during which time only four books circulated.","The library was also affected by the Civil War. Hostilities between the Union and Confederacy began at Fort Sumter on 12 April 1861. A vote on Virginia secession was held on 17 April and ratified by a referendum on 23 May. Alexandria was occupied by Union forces the following day. Confederate forces had briefly made use of the Lyceum building housing the library, but it later served as a hospital for the Union. Some books were moved out but others were not.","It is unclear were the library operated from in 1861 and 1862, but it did operate. There was a significant reduction in circulation leading up to the war, dropping to a single entry for 22 April 1861. Solitary patrons were recorded for 18th and 30th of May, and an individual withdrew a book every day through 21-25 December, although the May and December entries are in a different hand and initially broke with the format. In early June 1862 however, the library resumed semi-regular hours, usually opening only Tuesday and Thursday but occasionally other days. Records continue into mid-October, after which two pages are missing from the book before it resumes in 1868. Returns are dated as late as December 1862, and it is unclear when the library ceased operations.","Attempts to preserve the library in the late 1870s were unsuccessful, and the number of pages per year charts its decline and eventual failure over the second half of the decade."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVolume ended up with the Leadbeater family in the 1860s but was donated back in 1922. Was moved at one point in Collection 98 (Library Records after 1937) but was moved back to the Library Company Records in 2018.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969 \n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFilmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA microfilm reproduction of a copy from the Library of Congress with an 1876 stamp donated as a gift of Mr. Allen Reese 3/1/49.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Filming","Filming","Filming","Filming","Filming","Filming","Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Volume ended up with the Leadbeater family in the 1860s but was donated back in 1922. Was moved at one point in Collection 98 (Library Records after 1937) but was moved back to the Library Company Records in 2018.","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969 \n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","Filmed 5/1/1969\n\"Alexandria Library Minute Books - 6 Vols\"\nUniversity of Virginia Library Photographic Service","A microfilm reproduction of a copy from the Library of Congress with an 1876 stamp donated as a gift of Mr. Allen Reese 3/1/49."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe binding is almost completely broken and many leaves are loose.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Preservation Issues"],"odd_tesim":["The binding is almost completely broken and many leaves are loose."],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMs 2-2\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs 2-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs 2-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs 2-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs 2-3\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBox 98-2 Folder 16\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMs 2-9\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Original","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals","Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Ms 2-2","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Ms 2-3","Box 98-2 Folder 16","Ms 2-9"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|b7440eb8-cab3-49ef-a806-544c69df6052/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|45250c6e-0ae5-4c4b-8138-4c4c511858e8/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|4e39853c-b5a8-4675-a06f-7953899ae59a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|fdb1b89e-1b2d-4dfd-9fa2-465e616067bf/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2dfd54ff-e8ce-43ba-9000-ab683da7a8ef/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|2c80870f-ddfb-4167-8253-d65296d7cd86/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|ad158688-2c04-4ab7-afd1-df8e3379bae0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|abf75092-01fd-4353-bede-44d7b5bbeb8f/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|6be8ecf3-e13c-4657-a7cb-262a9f1f4a59/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|6906239b-1b0f-4b89-aec4-9aa352a5df59/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|a7738ce6-d450-47bd-a4d5-1e83cbcbf467/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|497faa8c-6bf1-4057-8680-39ce21028a8d/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|43e96f9a-0de2-4fcf-bda7-fc6c6012999b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|246a553a-bb3d-4758-b2ef-968fc9d23b9a/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|78a8358d-f035-4220-bd72-8bc1978f19f0/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|e9186ddb-de0f-43a7-8acf-363c6be1cf83/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5a7fe0d4-0da7-4532-a9c3-9213ecd39bb3/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|995b0274-3101-4553-aaee-70bcc822225b/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|5e1c25f0-b2eb-4bbd-a254-8552d26c1615/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|453efb51-92e1-4f4c-b18d-fa7a15c12d01/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|794d5ea7-a3b9-4a44-89cb-a9affbfdcb68/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials","Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection","Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the books have damaged bindings or missing covers. The 1801-1805 volume has both problems, while the 1809-1811 is missing a page and the front cover. The 1814-1816 is also missing pages, as is the 1858-1868 volume for the crucial period of 1862-1863.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Preservation Issues"],"phystech_tesim":["Many of the books have damaged bindings or missing covers. The 1801-1805 volume has both problems, while the 1809-1811 is missing a page and the front cover. The 1814-1816 is also missing pages, as is the 1858-1868 volume for the crucial period of 1862-1863."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRecords concerning individual lectures, such as programs and invitations, were foldered by individual lecture unless part of a separate series. This permitted the titles of lectures and names of lecturers to be better indexed and gaps in documentation to be made more obvious than would have been the case with separate subseries for programs, transcripts, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes, which is odd for a printed pamphlet. As a result dating was attempted starting from the circulation records, which showed the #1,728 was first checked out on 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830, only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November adjourned for lack of a quorum.  The librarian at the time, George Drinker, had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position in March, so the working hypothesis is that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of a quorum and that it was printing anyway sometime in 1830. That date may need to be updated in light of additional evidence in the future (e.g. the Gazette becoming searchable for the 1830s).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe location of the original is unknown despite Library of Congress Classification number noted by a previous processor resembling that of the original 1815 catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection originally contained a photocopy which was removed. I had the image of a staple, suggesting it was a copy of a copy. It was not correctly dated. A modern processor had written \"NOT used. The # sequence would conflict with 1815 catalogue complied by Evans\" in reference to the effort to reconstruct the 1815 arrangement made by Marjorie Darnell Evans, possibly the only record that the individual had access to, and added an \"1815\" date in pen. This is all the more perplexing as another hand had also added a \"1\" before the first number to highlight the fact that the numbers were higher than the 1815 catalog, a fact that tendency to list only the last two digits otherwise obscured.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA previous processor had dated this catalog \"1799?\" but the second page of titles lists an \"Address on the Life and actions of Gen. R. E. Lee delivered on the 12th of Oct. 1871 before the Society of Confederate Soldiers and Sailors in Maryland\" which seemed unlikely to predate the Civil War by so many years, so a later date was sought. Although the initial catalog was completed in 1874, it has been given the date of 1876 when this copy was physically created by the directors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in the circulation book for the early 1840s, although it dated from decades later. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section, being from the same period and seemingly in the same hand. They were also given a date along with the 1876 catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA photocopy of the original was removed from the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe catalog was previously dated to the 19th century, but has been dated to May 1933 based on the minutes as described in the historical note. The specific reference to a typescript in connection with the term \"old magazines\" in 1933 is difficult to ignore and the scattered notes on condition fit with the goal of appraising the magazines being pursued at that time. I also found it unlikely that the list was drawn up in 1912 as part of the catalog supplement for that year given the differences in arrangement, like the supplement separating bound and unbound volumes, and the differences in contents, like the absence of the Atheneum from the supplement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in this circulation book, although it obviously dated from decades later than its period of active use. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information","Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","Records concerning individual lectures, such as programs and invitations, were foldered by individual lecture unless part of a separate series. This permitted the titles of lectures and names of lecturers to be better indexed and gaps in documentation to be made more obvious than would have been the case with separate subseries for programs, transcripts, etc.","There is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes, which is odd for a printed pamphlet. As a result dating was attempted starting from the circulation records, which showed the #1,728 was first checked out on 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830, only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November adjourned for lack of a quorum.  The librarian at the time, George Drinker, had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position in March, so the working hypothesis is that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of a quorum and that it was printing anyway sometime in 1830. That date may need to be updated in light of additional evidence in the future (e.g. the Gazette becoming searchable for the 1830s).","The location of the original is unknown despite Library of Congress Classification number noted by a previous processor resembling that of the original 1815 catalog.","The collection originally contained a photocopy which was removed. I had the image of a staple, suggesting it was a copy of a copy. It was not correctly dated. A modern processor had written \"NOT used. The # sequence would conflict with 1815 catalogue complied by Evans\" in reference to the effort to reconstruct the 1815 arrangement made by Marjorie Darnell Evans, possibly the only record that the individual had access to, and added an \"1815\" date in pen. This is all the more perplexing as another hand had also added a \"1\" before the first number to highlight the fact that the numbers were higher than the 1815 catalog, a fact that tendency to list only the last two digits otherwise obscured.","This volume was difficult to date, for while an inscription makes clear that the book itself was in possession of the library by the end of March 1830, it does not make clear that it was being applied to its intended purpose. It contains a calendar suggesting 1833-1834, but books go until at least 1841 and perhaps 1844, and publication date can differ greatly from acquisition date. Circulation records also show that while created earlier, it was not yet the primary catalog by 1834, and due to gaps in the records we can only demonstrate that the subject system was in use between 1841 and 1848. Although Drinker's name is everywhere, his long service as librarian prevents this information from being particularly useful. In light of all this, it was given a recordkeeping date of 1830-1848, indicating that the collection was documented and it could have been used by librarians during that period, new books were recorded there covering this period, even though the period of active use may have begun at a later, unknown date.","A previous processor had dated this catalog \"1799?\" but the second page of titles lists an \"Address on the Life and actions of Gen. R. E. Lee delivered on the 12th of Oct. 1871 before the Society of Confederate Soldiers and Sailors in Maryland\" which seemed unlikely to predate the Civil War by so many years, so a later date was sought. Although the initial catalog was completed in 1874, it has been given the date of 1876 when this copy was physically created by the directors.","A copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in the circulation book for the early 1840s, although it dated from decades later. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section, being from the same period and seemingly in the same hand. They were also given a date along with the 1876 catalog.","A photocopy of the original was removed from the collection.","The catalog was previously dated to the 19th century, but has been dated to May 1933 based on the minutes as described in the historical note. The specific reference to a typescript in connection with the term \"old magazines\" in 1933 is difficult to ignore and the scattered notes on condition fit with the goal of appraising the magazines being pursued at that time. I also found it unlikely that the list was drawn up in 1912 as part of the catalog supplement for that year given the differences in arrangement, like the supplement separating bound and unbound volumes, and the differences in contents, like the absence of the Atheneum from the supplement.","A copy of the \"S\" section of the 1876 catalog was found in this circulation book, although it obviously dated from decades later than its period of active use. It was moved to the same folder as the \"R\" section."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records series contains those records directly concerned with the library company and its predecessors as organizations. It covers charters, by-laws, contracts, the legal definition of the company, and its history. Charters and by-laws between 1794 and 1944 are generally documented in the minutes and or reprinted in catalogs or the Alexandria Gazette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe general correspondence series covers a long period of the history of the Library Company and its successors, with the bulk from the modern Library Company after 1954, when more documentation was being produced and captured in a systematic way.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFrom the earlier period, one folder covers the old Library Company, including an account of the Civil War and two folders cover the period of the Alexandria Library Association consisting primarily of correspondence with Andrew Carnegie about his financial support. The material from the Alexandria Library Society chiefly consists of copies of minutes. \nFor library related inquiries after 1937 see the extensive public library correspondence in Ms 98.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe post-1954 correspondence includes lecture arrangements, nomination and member correspondence, announcements, and all manner of memoranda and external correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe financial reports series includes monthly financial reports from the Alexandria Library Association prior the establishment of the public library and annual reports of the Library Company after 1953 along with a limited amount of additional correspondence on related issues.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is also a file of annual reports which the Library Company was required to make to the state as a corporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFor records relating to the Alexandria Library Company's efforts to become tax-exempt in the 1980s, see the Organizational Records series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAfter 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe members series contains records relating to the selection, participation, and retention of members of the Library Company, with a focus on the modern period from the 1950s onward. It includes records of the nominating committee, correspondence with and about current or prospective members, and lists of members and guests attending the annual lectures. One of these lists is also available on a 3½ inch disk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subscription series consists of bound volumes of records documenting the subscribers of the company while doubling as ledgers for many of the financial transactions of the pre-Lyceum period (1794-1839), with gaps between volumes. Apart from the minutes, the volumes contain the only information on the subscribers of the late 1790s, for which there is a gap in the circulation records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also additional financial records from 1826-1839 and a list of subscribers, paid and not, from 1854. These appear in the same volume (see historical note), along with the circulation records for 1846-1848 in between.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe stubs of printed subscription certificates from 1874-1879 are also included in this series. Each contains an identifying number, the name of a subscriber, and a dollar amount, accompanied in some cases by dates or other notations. A few of the completed patron slips are also in this volume, including dates and the signature of the treasurer.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series contains information on the annual lecture series, with the bulk covering the period after its revival in 1957. The files for the early years include much of the correspondence arranging for the lectures and information on the lecturers as well as in some cases printed copies of the prepared text. For later years the files consist largely of lecture announcements, programs, and attendance lists. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAudio or video recordings were made of most lectures, but are not currently available. Correspondence relating to the recordings can be found in the relevant subseries. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCorrespondence is also available regarding the production of the printed programs and the selection of speakers during the 1970s along with an undated seat plan. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nInformation on attendance and the financial aspects of the lectures can be found in other series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPrint transcriptions for certain lectures are available in the reading room.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection's miscellany includes annual reports of the library, a survey of the old library company books, seals, stationary, and printed matter including poems, fundraising pamphlets, and literature about the library from the League of Women Voters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe news clippings series consists chiefly of articles about the annual lectures or which report on the annual meetings and the election of officers and members.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe catalogs provide listings of books showing what was available at the library during different time periods and identifying books for some parts of the circulation records. Catalogs also frequently included information on other topics, including the rules of the library, founding documents, library histories, and the value of the books. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTitles were often abbreviated, especially in the working catalogs, and dates of publication were often lacking. This can make identifying a work from the catalog difficult even when copies of it are extant elsewhere. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCatalogs can be used reliably for most of the numerical listings in the circulation records for roughly 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879. The 1815 catalog was not only bigger than the 1801, but had been renumbered. Because of this practice, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to implementation. The 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1830-1848 used it as a base, although it altered its system of arrangement leaving around 30 or so numbers undefined for part of the 1830s. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable for records into the Civil War. The 1856 is available online in a searchable format and organized to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSee specific catalog notes for details. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1801 catalog corresponds to the title numbers 1-452 in the circulations records from around 1802-1808 and offers the number of volumes and value for each. It is hard to be precise since the dates on which it came into and fell out of use at the library are unknown. The fact that books were removed as well as added at the time of its adoption and its organization suggest that it may not be reliable for the 1794-1796 circulation records, and possibly not even for books circulating earlier in 1801 which were likely identified by an earlier catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to a listing of books, the catalog includes the revised act of incorporation dated September 1799, the laws of the company passed on 2 November 1801 and an alphabetical membership list. \nAt the back is a list of book donations from largest to smallest, including the name of the donor, the total number of volumes donated, and a list of title numbers, along with an index to the catalog and some errata. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt was printed by Cottom and Stewart in Alexandria and sold for fifty cents a copy. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis catalog of 1,027 titles includes the title number, number of volumes, and price, as well as a note to indicate whether something was a donation. It is a reliable reference for the decades that followed, but should be used with caution for earlier periods. Comparison with the 1801 catalog shows that titles were inserted with very low numbers, and it is unclear how the 1808 catalog was organized. Given the way the catalog was divided, there is no clear method by which accretions could have been added to the working catalog other than accession order, whereas the 1815 catalog required them to be categorized. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt is therefore logical to assume that numbers added in between catalog issuances were later changed, and that the 1815 catalog is probably not valid for the preceding period. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe full title of the catalog included the phrase \"to which are prefixed, the Act of Incorporation; the Laws of the Company, and the Names of the Members,\" but our copy contains only pages 11-46 and does not contain front matter. It is unclear whether the first ten pages were removed, or John A. Stewart's edition was simply printed without them. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis printed catalog supplement extends the 1815 catalog from #1,027 to #1,728 updating it to August 1830. It was likely published around that time by William Greer, printer, and matches the titles. It matches the numbers of a listing of books dated 1828 in one of the circulation books suggesting that no rearrangement of newer books occurred prior to publication. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe supplement has most of the same information as the 1815, offering the number, title, volume, and value of each title, but lacks its classification system by size and subject. Despite a short cross-listing of periodical works, it has neither the subject classification nor even alphabetization to make it a ready reference. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAdditions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThese later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs noted in its introduction, the 300 copies of the 1856 catalog were created not as \"a model catalog but such a one as would be practically useful to the readers of the library.\" It serves as a guide to the collection as contemporary subscribers would have known it, covering the first 4,473 volume numbers for this period. For looking up numbers from the circulation records, it is easier to use the searchable catalog of surviving books or the online version. For later acquisitions, one may use the manuscript catalog that was in use internally from 1858-1860 which is arranged by number.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIn addition to the aforementioned note on the catalog's creation, the catalog also includes a historical note on the early history of the library and a copy of the 1799 act of incorporation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis catalog was implemented sometime in the fall of 1858 as an \"amendment\" to the catalog of 1856 and was likely expanded on an ongoing basis up to the Civil War. Since the 1856 catalog was presumably still in use by subscribers, the two contain largely the same information apart from three key differences. Firstly, the 1858 added accretions to the book collection, extending the book numbers from 4,473 to 5,063. The second difference is that it lists the books by number, to assist the librarians in managing the books, rather than by author and title, which in the 1856 catalog assisted subscribers in finding them. Lastly, it should be noted that titles in both catalogs are abbreviated in different ways.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDespite the overlap and differences of organization, a person looking up a number in the circulation records between February 1857 and 17 September 1859 may still find it easier to consult a searchable online version of the catalog and reserve use of the 1858 for its last 600 numbers. Starting on 27 September 1859, titles began to appear in the circulation records alongside the numbers, making either catalog usable for numbers below 4,474, although due to unpredictable title abbreviations numerical catalogs remained more reliable.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe catalog was signed by a number of librarians of the company inside the front and back covers, sometimes more than once. This includes a listing made in 1871 which is notable for the presence of names not associated with the title \"librarian\" by the minutes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe initial form of this catalog was compiled by Doctor Theo West and put into use on 10 July 1874, although there may have been additions by the time it was copied by the directors of the library company into its current form. It was intended for publication, but was later advertised as merely being available at the librarian's desk. It was therefore organized with the aim of finding books by title, like a printed catalog, rather than by number like the manuscript catalogs from before the Civil War. It remained in use until the company shut down after 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe book contains a detailed history of the library company including the text of the 1799 act of incorporation written by \"John Stewart, Keeper of the Rolls.\" It is also the only extant catalog with a book plate, albeit one with the shelf location and classification numbers left blank.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe listing of books is missing the letters O and P at a point where the binding is broken, either because they were removed from this edition or never added in. Title information includes the title and number of each book as well as a \"case\" number (presumably for shelving) and occasional volume and date information. Space is left in many places for additional titles to be added, although in some cases this was handled by inserted slips of paper. For details on the organization of the title list see the arrangement note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis listing of \"R\" titles is largely the same as that copied by the directors for the 1876 catalog, but appears to be in a different hand (most noticeably the number 8). The listing for \"S\" appears to be the same hand as \"R.\" Also included are two pieces of paper with additional titles, and notes in blue asking that additional space be left for new titles to be added. That feature of the main 1876 catalog is absent here and may be the reason it was not included in a complete volume.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1898 catalog provides the earliest record of the library's collection after its reestablishment by the Alexandria Library Association, including numbers of volumes and publications dates for each title. The subject classification allows a simple method of gauging the balance of the collection between different areas, particularly in comparison with the publications of 1906 and 1912. Handwritten notes seem to indicate additions and shelf locations, although the date and provenance of those notes is unclear.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA complete update to the 1898 catalog, the 1906 retained the same basic classification system apart from the addition of 3 new sub-classes. It also includes a chart of subscription prices for the library at the front giving lengths of time and numbers of books and a large number of advertisements from local businesses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFor the new subclasses see arrangement note.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1912 supplement to the catalog includes additions to the library collection since 1906 as well as a listing of old magazines, which were not mentioned in the 1906 catalog. Most classification numbers were therefore unneeded. The bulk of the entries appear to be fiction and old magazines.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis typescript contains a listing of \"old magazines\" by title and volume that were in the collection in 1933. It also includes some notes on their condition, such as whether they were bound and missing covers, pages, and volumes.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circulation records consist of bound volumes containing lists of books checked out. They typically list the name of the subscriber, the date, and some method of identifying the work along with various other details. For much of its history, the old library company identified books only by number, although titles and combinations of numbers and titles began appearing around 1845, with titles becoming commonplace after 1858.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe catalogs can be used reliably for only some of the numerical listings due to additions following the publication of rapidly outdated catalogs and changes in numbering that preceded new ones. They are relevant to some of the numbers for 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879 (see catalog series notes and below). Because of possible renumbering, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808 or if it was the first to change the numbering from the 1801, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to its implementation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1834-1848 catalog used it as a base, despite altering its system of arrangement for later materials and leaving about 30 numbers unclear due to renumbering. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable into the Civil War. Notably, the 1856 is available online in a searchable format. It was arranged to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number only. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEven when numbers cannot be identified, useful information can be inferred from changes in the numbering system and preferences for numbers from particular periods, such as for new acquisitions. One can also use the records to quantify the level of patronage as a whole in various periods. There are no circulation records at the book level from the Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937) and later, although summary reports of circulation became common during the modern period and were often noted in minutes and annual reports.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are significant gaps in the circulation records, which nominally cover the period from November 1794 to January 1880. These come in several different types. Some of them appear to indicate missing volumes, including July 1795-June 1801, May 1811-February 1814, January 1835-Feburary 1841, September 1848-October 1858, and 1868-1870, but there are also gaps of a few months between volumes in 1805, 1824, 1846, 1871, and 1874. Additionally, there is a month of pages missing from the middle of 1831, and two pages are missing after October 1862, even though returns were noted as late December, before resuming in April 1868 (on the Civil War see the historical note for this series).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTitle numbers began at around 200, gradually rising to over 5,000 before the Civil War. After the war, numbers ran below 1,000 for the most part, before changing to numbers over 5,000 again on 4 December 1873 (p.279) and then dropping to lower numbers on 10 July 1874 (p.69), with some titles in the 5000s being renumbered to the 3000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMany of volumes contain lists of books in their front or back matter, usually including both titles and numbers. This is one of the only sources for matching that information for some periods of the library's history and includes the only reference to the 1808 catalog outside the minutes. They include lists of missing books (the 1822-1824 volume), books sent to be bound (1824-1828 and 1828-1831) and of the Waverly Novels (1822-1824).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nChanges in the hand recording the information signal personnel changes, and many of the volumes were inscribed with the names of librarians or members of the company, occasionally accompanied by other kinds of scribbling as in 1814-1816, 1831-1834, and especially 1858-1868. There is also some doodling, which appears inside the covers in a modest way in the 1814-1816 volume and far more extensively in the 1841-1848 and 1858-1868 ones. The 1841-1848 also contains doodles among the actual circulation records.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFor the columns and specific information that varied over time see the arrangement note for this series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","The organizational records series contains those records directly concerned with the library company and its predecessors as organizations. It covers charters, by-laws, contracts, the legal definition of the company, and its history. Charters and by-laws between 1794 and 1944 are generally documented in the minutes and or reprinted in catalogs or the Alexandria Gazette.","The general correspondence series covers a long period of the history of the Library Company and its successors, with the bulk from the modern Library Company after 1954, when more documentation was being produced and captured in a systematic way.","From the earlier period, one folder covers the old Library Company, including an account of the Civil War and two folders cover the period of the Alexandria Library Association consisting primarily of correspondence with Andrew Carnegie about his financial support. The material from the Alexandria Library Society chiefly consists of copies of minutes. \nFor library related inquiries after 1937 see the extensive public library correspondence in Ms 98.","The post-1954 correspondence includes lecture arrangements, nomination and member correspondence, announcements, and all manner of memoranda and external correspondence.","The financial reports series includes monthly financial reports from the Alexandria Library Association prior the establishment of the public library and annual reports of the Library Company after 1953 along with a limited amount of additional correspondence on related issues.","There is also a file of annual reports which the Library Company was required to make to the state as a corporation.","For records relating to the Alexandria Library Company's efforts to become tax-exempt in the 1980s, see the Organizational Records series.","The meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.","The bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.","After 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.","Bylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.","The unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers.","The members series contains records relating to the selection, participation, and retention of members of the Library Company, with a focus on the modern period from the 1950s onward. It includes records of the nominating committee, correspondence with and about current or prospective members, and lists of members and guests attending the annual lectures. One of these lists is also available on a 3½ inch disk.","The subscription series consists of bound volumes of records documenting the subscribers of the company while doubling as ledgers for many of the financial transactions of the pre-Lyceum period (1794-1839), with gaps between volumes. Apart from the minutes, the volumes contain the only information on the subscribers of the late 1790s, for which there is a gap in the circulation records.","There are also additional financial records from 1826-1839 and a list of subscribers, paid and not, from 1854. These appear in the same volume (see historical note), along with the circulation records for 1846-1848 in between.","The stubs of printed subscription certificates from 1874-1879 are also included in this series. Each contains an identifying number, the name of a subscriber, and a dollar amount, accompanied in some cases by dates or other notations. A few of the completed patron slips are also in this volume, including dates and the signature of the treasurer.","This series contains information on the annual lecture series, with the bulk covering the period after its revival in 1957. The files for the early years include much of the correspondence arranging for the lectures and information on the lecturers as well as in some cases printed copies of the prepared text. For later years the files consist largely of lecture announcements, programs, and attendance lists.","Audio or video recordings were made of most lectures, but are not currently available. Correspondence relating to the recordings can be found in the relevant subseries.","Correspondence is also available regarding the production of the printed programs and the selection of speakers during the 1970s along with an undated seat plan.","Information on attendance and the financial aspects of the lectures can be found in other series.","Print transcriptions for certain lectures are available in the reading room.","The collection's miscellany includes annual reports of the library, a survey of the old library company books, seals, stationary, and printed matter including poems, fundraising pamphlets, and literature about the library from the League of Women Voters.","The news clippings series consists chiefly of articles about the annual lectures or which report on the annual meetings and the election of officers and members.","The catalogs provide listings of books showing what was available at the library during different time periods and identifying books for some parts of the circulation records. Catalogs also frequently included information on other topics, including the rules of the library, founding documents, library histories, and the value of the books.","Titles were often abbreviated, especially in the working catalogs, and dates of publication were often lacking. This can make identifying a work from the catalog difficult even when copies of it are extant elsewhere.","Catalogs can be used reliably for most of the numerical listings in the circulation records for roughly 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879. The 1815 catalog was not only bigger than the 1801, but had been renumbered. Because of this practice, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to implementation. The 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1830-1848 used it as a base, although it altered its system of arrangement leaving around 30 or so numbers undefined for part of the 1830s. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable for records into the Civil War. The 1856 is available online in a searchable format and organized to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records.","See specific catalog notes for details.","The 1801 catalog corresponds to the title numbers 1-452 in the circulations records from around 1802-1808 and offers the number of volumes and value for each. It is hard to be precise since the dates on which it came into and fell out of use at the library are unknown. The fact that books were removed as well as added at the time of its adoption and its organization suggest that it may not be reliable for the 1794-1796 circulation records, and possibly not even for books circulating earlier in 1801 which were likely identified by an earlier catalog.","In addition to a listing of books, the catalog includes the revised act of incorporation dated September 1799, the laws of the company passed on 2 November 1801 and an alphabetical membership list. \nAt the back is a list of book donations from largest to smallest, including the name of the donor, the total number of volumes donated, and a list of title numbers, along with an index to the catalog and some errata.","It was printed by Cottom and Stewart in Alexandria and sold for fifty cents a copy.","This catalog of 1,027 titles includes the title number, number of volumes, and price, as well as a note to indicate whether something was a donation. It is a reliable reference for the decades that followed, but should be used with caution for earlier periods. Comparison with the 1801 catalog shows that titles were inserted with very low numbers, and it is unclear how the 1808 catalog was organized. Given the way the catalog was divided, there is no clear method by which accretions could have been added to the working catalog other than accession order, whereas the 1815 catalog required them to be categorized.","It is therefore logical to assume that numbers added in between catalog issuances were later changed, and that the 1815 catalog is probably not valid for the preceding period.","The full title of the catalog included the phrase \"to which are prefixed, the Act of Incorporation; the Laws of the Company, and the Names of the Members,\" but our copy contains only pages 11-46 and does not contain front matter. It is unclear whether the first ten pages were removed, or John A. Stewart's edition was simply printed without them.","This printed catalog supplement extends the 1815 catalog from #1,027 to #1,728 updating it to August 1830. It was likely published around that time by William Greer, printer, and matches the titles. It matches the numbers of a listing of books dated 1828 in one of the circulation books suggesting that no rearrangement of newer books occurred prior to publication.","The supplement has most of the same information as the 1815, offering the number, title, volume, and value of each title, but lacks its classification system by size and subject. Despite a short cross-listing of periodical works, it has neither the subject classification nor even alphabetization to make it a ready reference.","This catalog contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled by George Drinker some time earlier, it does not appear to gone into effect until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in circulation records. Because the numbering up to 1,725 remained the same, earlier print catalogs can also be employed for those number for the period from 1815-1848 even though this catalog alone can be used for the numbers 1,726-1,793 during that period.","Additions beyond 1,793 are only usable for the period 1841-1848, because they were relisted here under a combined subject/numbering system after being originally cataloged differently up to around 1,825. The later rearrangement left no record of how those 30 or so numbers should be understood during the period before 1834.","These later additions occupy the latter sections which include materials published from the late-1830s and early 1840s. Other indications of the ongoing nature of the listings include the blank entry for #351 at the end of Novels and Romances and the blank page with the heading \"Biography\" following the rest of that section.","The third, and final section, is the \"List of Books from the Reading Room.\" These are dated 1840-1841, and consist almost entirely of new additions to the periodicals with a few exceptions, chiefly among the first few entries. This suggests that the page may not have been used for its original purpose.","The title/subject organization of the latter part of the catalog is helpful in understanding acquisition priorities during the late-1830s and the Lyceum period of the 1840s.","The inside cover contains a calendar for 1833 going through February 1834, with the Thursdays closest to the middle of each month marked (none are the dates of official meetings). There is also a 29 March 1830 inscription by Drinker, Treasurer, authorizing James Dunlap in financial matters while he is librarian, which may predate the decision to use the book as a catalog. Drinker may have done the first 1,725 entries at that time in preparation for the publication of the 1815 supplement.","As noted in its introduction, the 300 copies of the 1856 catalog were created not as \"a model catalog but such a one as would be practically useful to the readers of the library.\" It serves as a guide to the collection as contemporary subscribers would have known it, covering the first 4,473 volume numbers for this period. For looking up numbers from the circulation records, it is easier to use the searchable catalog of surviving books or the online version. For later acquisitions, one may use the manuscript catalog that was in use internally from 1858-1860 which is arranged by number.","In addition to the aforementioned note on the catalog's creation, the catalog also includes a historical note on the early history of the library and a copy of the 1799 act of incorporation.","This catalog was implemented sometime in the fall of 1858 as an \"amendment\" to the catalog of 1856 and was likely expanded on an ongoing basis up to the Civil War. Since the 1856 catalog was presumably still in use by subscribers, the two contain largely the same information apart from three key differences. Firstly, the 1858 added accretions to the book collection, extending the book numbers from 4,473 to 5,063. The second difference is that it lists the books by number, to assist the librarians in managing the books, rather than by author and title, which in the 1856 catalog assisted subscribers in finding them. Lastly, it should be noted that titles in both catalogs are abbreviated in different ways.","Despite the overlap and differences of organization, a person looking up a number in the circulation records between February 1857 and 17 September 1859 may still find it easier to consult a searchable online version of the catalog and reserve use of the 1858 for its last 600 numbers. Starting on 27 September 1859, titles began to appear in the circulation records alongside the numbers, making either catalog usable for numbers below 4,474, although due to unpredictable title abbreviations numerical catalogs remained more reliable.","The catalog was signed by a number of librarians of the company inside the front and back covers, sometimes more than once. This includes a listing made in 1871 which is notable for the presence of names not associated with the title \"librarian\" by the minutes.","The initial form of this catalog was compiled by Doctor Theo West and put into use on 10 July 1874, although there may have been additions by the time it was copied by the directors of the library company into its current form. It was intended for publication, but was later advertised as merely being available at the librarian's desk. It was therefore organized with the aim of finding books by title, like a printed catalog, rather than by number like the manuscript catalogs from before the Civil War. It remained in use until the company shut down after 1880.","The book contains a detailed history of the library company including the text of the 1799 act of incorporation written by \"John Stewart, Keeper of the Rolls.\" It is also the only extant catalog with a book plate, albeit one with the shelf location and classification numbers left blank.","The listing of books is missing the letters O and P at a point where the binding is broken, either because they were removed from this edition or never added in. Title information includes the title and number of each book as well as a \"case\" number (presumably for shelving) and occasional volume and date information. Space is left in many places for additional titles to be added, although in some cases this was handled by inserted slips of paper. For details on the organization of the title list see the arrangement note.","This listing of \"R\" titles is largely the same as that copied by the directors for the 1876 catalog, but appears to be in a different hand (most noticeably the number 8). The listing for \"S\" appears to be the same hand as \"R.\" Also included are two pieces of paper with additional titles, and notes in blue asking that additional space be left for new titles to be added. That feature of the main 1876 catalog is absent here and may be the reason it was not included in a complete volume.","The 1898 catalog provides the earliest record of the library's collection after its reestablishment by the Alexandria Library Association, including numbers of volumes and publications dates for each title. The subject classification allows a simple method of gauging the balance of the collection between different areas, particularly in comparison with the publications of 1906 and 1912. Handwritten notes seem to indicate additions and shelf locations, although the date and provenance of those notes is unclear.","A complete update to the 1898 catalog, the 1906 retained the same basic classification system apart from the addition of 3 new sub-classes. It also includes a chart of subscription prices for the library at the front giving lengths of time and numbers of books and a large number of advertisements from local businesses.","For the new subclasses see arrangement note.","The 1912 supplement to the catalog includes additions to the library collection since 1906 as well as a listing of old magazines, which were not mentioned in the 1906 catalog. Most classification numbers were therefore unneeded. The bulk of the entries appear to be fiction and old magazines.","This typescript contains a listing of \"old magazines\" by title and volume that were in the collection in 1933. It also includes some notes on their condition, such as whether they were bound and missing covers, pages, and volumes.","The circulation records consist of bound volumes containing lists of books checked out. They typically list the name of the subscriber, the date, and some method of identifying the work along with various other details. For much of its history, the old library company identified books only by number, although titles and combinations of numbers and titles began appearing around 1845, with titles becoming commonplace after 1858.","The catalogs can be used reliably for only some of the numerical listings due to additions following the publication of rapidly outdated catalogs and changes in numbering that preceded new ones. They are relevant to some of the numbers for 1801-1807, 1815-1848, 1856-1862, and 1874-1879 (see catalog series notes and below). Because of possible renumbering, the 1801 catalog cannot be relied upon for records prior to its implementation nor after the point in 1807-1808 when its successor went into effect. Since there is no way to know if the 1815 catalog was an extension of the 1808 or if it was the first to change the numbering from the 1801, it likewise cannot be trusted prior to its implementation.","The 1815 and its supplement were used for a longer period and the 1834-1848 catalog used it as a base, despite altering its system of arrangement for later materials and leaving about 30 numbers unclear due to renumbering. The 1856 printed and 1858-1860 working catalogs cover much of the same material and are usable into the Civil War. Notably, the 1856 is available online in a searchable format. It was arranged to be browsed, while the working catalog is arranged by number only. The 1876 copy of the catalog implemented in July 1874 is missing the letters O-P, but is otherwise usable for the last few years of circulation records.","Even when numbers cannot be identified, useful information can be inferred from changes in the numbering system and preferences for numbers from particular periods, such as for new acquisitions. One can also use the records to quantify the level of patronage as a whole in various periods. There are no circulation records at the book level from the Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937) and later, although summary reports of circulation became common during the modern period and were often noted in minutes and annual reports.","There are significant gaps in the circulation records, which nominally cover the period from November 1794 to January 1880. These come in several different types. Some of them appear to indicate missing volumes, including July 1795-June 1801, May 1811-February 1814, January 1835-Feburary 1841, September 1848-October 1858, and 1868-1870, but there are also gaps of a few months between volumes in 1805, 1824, 1846, 1871, and 1874. Additionally, there is a month of pages missing from the middle of 1831, and two pages are missing after October 1862, even though returns were noted as late December, before resuming in April 1868 (on the Civil War see the historical note for this series).","Title numbers began at around 200, gradually rising to over 5,000 before the Civil War. After the war, numbers ran below 1,000 for the most part, before changing to numbers over 5,000 again on 4 December 1873 (p.279) and then dropping to lower numbers on 10 July 1874 (p.69), with some titles in the 5000s being renumbered to the 3000s.","Many of volumes contain lists of books in their front or back matter, usually including both titles and numbers. This is one of the only sources for matching that information for some periods of the library's history and includes the only reference to the 1808 catalog outside the minutes. They include lists of missing books (the 1822-1824 volume), books sent to be bound (1824-1828 and 1828-1831) and of the Waverly Novels (1822-1824).","Changes in the hand recording the information signal personnel changes, and many of the volumes were inscribed with the names of librarians or members of the company, occasionally accompanied by other kinds of scribbling as in 1814-1816, 1831-1834, and especially 1858-1868. There is also some doodling, which appears inside the covers in a modest way in the 1814-1816 volume and far more extensively in the 1841-1848 and 1858-1868 ones. The 1841-1848 also contains doodles among the actual circulation records.","For the columns and specific information that varied over time see the arrangement note for this series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:30:48.798Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  ","\u003cp\u003eThe initial combination of financial and subscription records likely reflected the company's initial dependence on subscription fees, in contrast to the later subscription library in the city that relied more on donors. This recordkeeping system appears to have been a casualty of the merger with the Lyceum, which became official in early 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAs the physical volume in use at that time was still mostly blank, it was repeatedly repurposed, first for additional circulation records (until these too lapsed) and later for a \"list of Stockholders and the amount due from each for the year commencing the 13th February 1854,\" which likely relates to the revitalization of the company after its agreement with the Young Men's group. The agreement required the men to find 100 subscribers, and the list was likely prepared for the annual meeting originally scheduled for 20 February (a week after the date on the list), at which it was decided to void the shares of individuals who had not paid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1980 lecture of Dr. William Dudley on \"Captain Gordon and the Raid on Alexandria 1814\" was recorded but was left off the lists of annual lectures printed in later years. It marks the point at which the sequential numbering of annual lectures was stopped. The reason for this is unknown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNo catalog was published under the first librarian, but four were published during the 1796-1818 tenure of his successor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 29 December 1796 he was directed to prepare a catalog of books \"classed according to their size and arranged in the order of the alphabet, with the number and cost or value of each,\" although a March 1797 entry suggests that it was still not complete four months later. No copy of this catalog has survived, but there would have been between 200 and 400 titles at that time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe growth of the collection was driven in part by the acceptance of books in place of subscription fees and the purchase of private libraries. In May 1800 a committee was formed to examine its acquisitions for books that were \"useless, superfluous or of immoral tendency,\" which decided in September to postpone acting on them until it was time to print a new catalog. That time came on 2 November 1801 when a committee was appointed to assist the librarian in creating a new catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 1 February 1808 the board decided to print a new catalog at 50 cents a copy because \"many members were without any.\" On 2 May this catalog was reported to be largely complete. Another meeting was planned shortly thereafter so that it could be printed \"without delay.\" That meeting is undocumented, if indeed it took place. No copy of this catalog or any direct record of its publication is currently known. But it must have existed since it was referenced in a later circulation book and the librarian received a bonus for his work on it in March 1809.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 2 May 1814, it was decided to create another new catalog. It would eventually have 1,027 numbers, which circulation records show the library had reached by July 1814. On 14 November 1814, the librarian reported the catalog \"ready for the press.\" He was instructed to obtain 150 copies \"with all convenient dispatch,\" a number raised to 200 the following month. In February 1815, he reported the catalog \"about half-finished\" and presented a copy to the board, which set a price of 50 cents. In March he received compensation for \"his additional trouble in preparing the new catalogue for the press,\" suggesting that the printing had been completed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 1815 catalog was later extended by a published supplement that added additional numbers. Unlike other printed works, there is no mention of when the supplement was produced in the minutes. It is, however, clear from circulation records that all its books had circulated by 14 August 1830. According to the minutes, a meeting had been called for 10 May 1830 only to be quickly adjourned \"there appearing no business requiring the attention of the board,\" and quarterly meetings on 2 August and 2 November were adjourned, lacking a quorum. The librarian at the time had replaced his predecessor in October 1829 and been confirmed in the position the following March. It seems plausible that he pushed to update the catalog after becoming librarian but that the question was either not deemed important or could not be addressed due to the lack of quorum but that it was printed in 1830 anyway.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAt the same time, a working catalog was created for use in the library itself. It is the earliest preserved catalog of this type but was probably not the first. It contains a relisting of the contents of the 1815 catalog and supplement sorted by the first letter of the alphabet with pamphlets listed separately as well as books added between April 1833 and the suspension of library operations after 1848 listed by subject. Although its initial form was compiled some time earlier, it does not appear to have come into use until sometime after 1834 where there is a gap in the circulation records. The first 1,725 entries may have been added at the time of the 1815 supplement with the shift to a new method of arrangement occurring later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 8 March 1856 a committee of the revived library company was assigned to rearrange and renumber the books for publication. On 29 November 1856, the board voted for 300 copies of the finished catalog to be produced.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 18 June 1858 board president Andrew Jamison resigned. On 4 September Richard L. Carne, the chairmen of the committee on the catalog and president pro-tem submitted \"his amendment to the catalog\" and appointed Sylvester Scott as librarian to constitute a \"committee of revisal.\" A new working catalog is preserved from this period continuing into the Civil War, although it does not appear to have been published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nFrom the reestablishment of the library in the late 1860s to its failure at the close of the 1870s the lack of a published catalog to advertise the available books was identified as a major issue. The last version of the catalog prior to the Civil War had contained over 5,000 books, of which it was estimated in 1871 that 1,000-1,500 had been lost.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCirculations records from the early 1870s feature book numbers around 1,000 that do not correspond to any known listing, and numbers were abandoned entirely from May 1871 to January 1872. It was decided on 2 October 1872 to create a new catalog, and the task was assigned to the new librarian, Emma Young. The fact that the numbers of the circulating books changed to include some with numbers over 5,000 after 4 December 1872 indicates that this work was completed, but it was never published and there is no surviving catalog from that period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe limited use of the catalog is evident from the prevalence of high numbered works among those in circulation. The highest numbers indicated recent acquisitions, which often received announcements in the Alexandria Gazette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAt the 20 February 1874 meeting, it was noted that \"the last catalogue was published some years previous to the war and had become, by reasons of subsequent losses and additions, very incomplete\" and the board decided to appoint Dr. Theo West \"to catalogue and arrange the books.\" They planned to print the catalog in time for the 1875 annual meeting, but printing was postponed indefinitely. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe new catalog went into effect on 10 July 1874 as seen in the shift in circulation records from a system with numbers up to around 5,800 to a new catalog going to 4,314, but again they were unable to publish it.  Seven months later at the 19 February 1875 meeting, it was decided to arrange a printing \"as soon as possible,\" but this did not occur either.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 10 March 1876 the board decided upon a different plan. The catalog was to be divided among the directors so that copies might be made \"for the librarian's desk.\" The published account of the 21 February 1877 annual meeting noted that \"many persons have given as a reason for not becoming subscribers the inaccessibility of the old library which was not catalogued. This plea no longer holds.\" Doctor West's catalog \"copied by members of the Board without expense, bound in good style, can now always be found on the Librarian's desk.\" Operations ceased and the books went into storage a few years later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAt the 8 January 1898 meeting of the newly formed Alexandria Library Association, it was moved that the \"the catalogue be printed at once\" with the addition of blank pages between the leaves for advertisements from city merchants.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThis catalog was the first to use a version of the Dewey Decimal System, which had become popular since its first publication in 1888, reaching its 5th edition in 1894. This was the first modern classification system in the history of the Alexandria Library.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubsequent to the publication of the 1898 catalog in January of that year, there are several mentions of publishing \"supplements\" such as on 11 April 1899 and 11 July 1899 which may refer to the practice of publishing notices with the titles of new additions in the Alexandria Gazette, such as those of 6 July and 13 July 1899.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 1 January 1902 there was a push for a \"supplementary catalogue (being a catalogue of books up to date) be printed\" and the president appointed a committee for that purpose. It was postponed pending the catalog's completion. On 9 October 1906 the board voted to accept an offer from a Mr. White to print 1000 copies in return for advertising space. According to the 8 January 1907 minutes, the library was given half the copies of the 1906 catalog for free, of which it sold 200 and gave 300 away.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe 12 April 1910 minutes mention a decision to \"again postpone the publication a supplementary catalogue.\" On 23 January 1912 it was again put off until the 9 April meeting, where it was decided for a new catalog to be printed and priced at five cents a copy and \"to have the names of the old magazines put into the new catalogue but not into the card catalogue.\" On 12 June 1912 it was reported that \"the catalogue was in the hands of the printer and that Mrs. Monroe was reading the proof\" and the \"new catalog\" was deemed \"ready for distribution\" on 8 October 1912.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe annual report at that same meeting noted that \"the year has also seen the completion of the labelling, classifying, and cataloguing of all the old and valuable magazines which the Board has for so long a time desired to put into shape for distribution,\" which a review of the supplement suggests meant works in good condition available for circulation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nOn 11 April 1933 Mrs. Newell \"volunteered to catalogue old magazines in order that their value may be ascertained.\"  On 9 May 1933 she presented a \"typewritten list\" of \"old magazines\" for appraisal as part of their depression era fundraising efforts. On 10 October she reported them to be of \"no value\" and suggested having them sent to the Salvation Army for use as old paper. On 8 January 1934 the board approved this proposal for those magazines of \"no value,\" which do not appear to have included many titles listed in this catalog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nNo explicit reason for the abandonment of published catalogs after 1912 was given, but the allusion to card catalogs suggests that it was a final step in the transition from numerical catalogs, which favored bound volumes by allowing new titles to be added to the end of the sequence, to the Dewey Decimal System, which required new titles to be inserted in the correct place in the existing list and was more easily managed with cards which did not require leaving space for new titles as the 1876 catalog had.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circulation records began with the original library company in 1794 and continued until its collapse in 1880. Some of the gaps in the records reflect periods during which its activity was disrupted.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDuring the War of 1812, British forces arrived in Alexandria on 29 August 1814 and remained there until 2 September. The library normally closed on Sundays, and remained closed from Sunday 28 August through Tuesday 30 August. It opened from 31 August to 2 September, during which time only four books circulated.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe library was also affected by the Civil War. Hostilities between the Union and Confederacy began at Fort Sumter on 12 April 1861. A vote on Virginia secession was held on 17 April and ratified by a referendum on 23 May. Alexandria was occupied by Union forces the following day. Confederate forces had briefly made use of the Lyceum building housing the library, but it later served as a hospital for the Union. Some books were moved out but others were not.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt is unclear were the library operated from in 1861 and 1862, but it did operate. There was a significant reduction in circulation leading up to the war, dropping to a single entry for 22 April 1861. Solitary patrons were recorded for 18th and 30th of May, and an individual withdrew a book every day through 21-25 December, although the May and December entries are in a different hand and initially broke with the format. In early June 1862 however, the library resumed semi-regular hours, usually opening only Tuesday and Thursday but occasionally other days. Records continue into mid-October, after which two pages are missing from the book before it resumes in 1868. Returns are dated as late as December 1862, and it is unclear when the library ceased operations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAttempts to preserve the library in the late 1870s were unsuccessful, and the number of pages per year charts its decline and eventual failure over the second half of the decade.\u003c/p\u003e"]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c10_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments, 1800/1899","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05","parent_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments","title_ssm":["Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments"],"title_tesim":["Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments, 1800/1899"],"text":["Wrappings, Envelopes, and Fragments, 1800/1899","Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments","box 39","folder 2-4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800-1899"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":236,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"containers_ssim":["box 39","folder 2-4"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#3","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1581.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191816","title_filing_ssi":"Morton-Halsey family papers","title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"text":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581","The collection is open for research use.","Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mildred E. Towe Tyner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 24 June 2021."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"extent_tesim":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nJoseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTopics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nRelated materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSelected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":239,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Wrappings with Annotations, 1800/1899","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c02","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c02"],"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05_c02","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05","parent_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","viu_repositories_3_resources_1581_c05"],"title_filing_ssi":"Wrappings with Annotations","title_ssm":["Wrappings with Annotations"],"title_tesim":["Wrappings with Annotations"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wrappings with Annotations, 1800/1899"],"text":["Wrappings with Annotations, 1800/1899","Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments","box 38","folder 13"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","Series 5. Envelopes, Wrappings, and Fragments"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/1899"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1800-1899"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":234,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"containers_ssim":["box 38","folder 13"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899],"_nest_path_":"/components#4/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:28:33.807Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1581","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1581.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/191816","title_filing_ssi":"Morton-Halsey family papers","title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["ca. 1833-1951"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1833/1951"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"text":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951","MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581","The collection is open for research use.","Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"collection_ssim":["Morton-Halsey family papers, 1833/1951"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 3995","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1581"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was a gift from Mildred E. Towe Tyner to the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 24 June 2021."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"extent_tesim":["22.4 Cubic Feet Two cubic boxes and one letter size document box added to 39 document boxes."],"date_range_isim":[1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nJoseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHe was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJ. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIrena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnnie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlso mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Joseph Jackson Halsey (1820-1907) was born in New York to Samuel Beach Halsey (1796-1871) and Sarah Dubois Jackson (1803-1859) -no relation to Stonewall Jackson found- and raised in Morristown, New Jersey. He was educated at the College of New Jersey (now Princeton University)and accepted a teaching position in Fredericksburg, Virginia at the Classical and Scientific Athenaeum in 1842. While there he met and married Mildred \"Milly\"Morton (1825-1906?) in 1846, daughter of Jeremiah Morton (1799-1872) and Mary Eleanor \"Jane\" Smith Morton (1801-1876) from Morton Hall (\"The Hall\" near \"Lessland\") an estate in Racoon Ford, Orange County, Virginia. He was admitted into the bar in 1847 and moved to the Morton plantation to farm and practice law in Culpeper County, Virginia.","He became an increasingly close friend and business associate of his father-in-law Jeremiah Morton. Halsey served as a captain in the 6th Virginia Calvalry Regiment during the Civil War. In 1863, in response to a charge that he had been away without leave, Halsey wrote an account of his wartime activities until that time: a cycle of activity, failing health, leave, recovery, and return. After the war, Halsey was a shareholder of the Orange, Alexandria and Manassas Railroad, owned a saw mill operation and mining operations, and was an Emigrant Aid and Homestead Company agent for the sale of large tracts of Virginia land.","A large landowner and important political figure in the region, Jeremiah Morton lived at his nearby plantation \"The Hall\" (locally known as Morton Hall). . . According to family tradition, Morton christened the 441-acre tract Lessland because it contained 'less land' than his other properties Moreland and Stillmore.\"Lessland\" was damaged by fire in 1870 and was rebuilt in 1871 by J. J. Halsey who had purchased the land from his father-in-law in 1854. Halsey died at \"Lessland\" in 1907.","J. J. Halsey and Jeremiah Morton were strong supporters of the South and its institution of Enslavery. Halsey's correspondence with his brother Edmund Halsey and Samuel Halsey showed their different views of the North and South on subjects such as slavery, abolitionism, secession, the elections of Presidents Buchanan and Lincoln, the Missouri Compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, reconstruction, and the impeachment of Andrew Johnson.","The Morton-Halsey family had many enslaved persons who are mentioned by first names, Douglass, Edmonia \"Monie,\" Jerdome, Lucas, Melinda, Judy, Linda, and George to name a few. There is an account in the correspondence that Joseph Morton \"Mort\" Halsey had an encounter with \"Lummie\" (Columbia Conway who was employed by the family) and she became pregnant with his child and took him to court. J. J. Halsey often writes negative accounts of African Americans.","Jeremiah Morton was born in Fredericksburg, Spotsylvania County, Virginia, on September 3, 1799. He was the son of Jeremiah Morton and Mildred Garnett Jackson. He was left without parents at a very young age. It is likely he was raised by his paternal grandmother, Jane Morton. He attended a private school and Washington College (now Washington and Lee University), in Lexington, Virginia from 1814 thru 1815. He graduated from the College of William and Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia in 1819, studied law, and was admitted to the bar. He practiced at Raccoon Ford, Virginia until sickness (probably from his earlier engagement in the war) ended his legal career. He then engaged in agricultural and political pursuits.","He was elected as a Whig to the Thirty-first Congress and served from March 4, 1849 until March 3, 1851. He was unsuccessful for reelection to the Thirty-second Congress and resumed agricultural pursuits. He was a member of the State secession convention in 1861 and was appointed as a colonel in the cavalry by Virginia Governor John Letcher. He attempted to amass food during the shortages of 1864. He was appointed trustee of the Theological Seminary of Virginia at Alexandria. He died at Lessland in Orange County, Virginia on November 28, 1878 and was buried in a private cemetery at his old home Morton Hall. He may have suffered later in life from failed ventures including the purchase of Sulpur White Springs. Several family members throughout his line struggled with mental illness and the ailment alcoholism.Family and business fortunes plummeted following the Confederate defeat. He wrote about it to his brother, Senator Jackson Morton of Milton, Florida; and Jackson's son, W. Chase Morton; and with Henry Ahrens, a Florida businessman.","J. J. Halsey and Milly Halsey were the parents of Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson (1848-1936) who married James Cooper Dickenson, Annie (Nannie) Augusta Halsey Alexander (1850-1917) who married James Porter Alexander, Jeremiah Morton \"Mort\" Halsey (1852-1921) who married Irena Louisa Stearns (1854-1886), Robert Ogden Halsey (1854-1939) who married Ella Halsey, and Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918 born Thomas Jackson Halsey) who married Delia Halsey.","Irena \"Rena\"Louisa Stearns died after childbirth in 1886. Mort Halsey suffered from severe alcoholism and was often absent as a single parent, while he was either uanble to stop drinking or at a hospital for treatment. He and Rena had three children, Caroline \"Virginia\" Halsey [Wilkinson] b. 1878 who was committed to Western State in Staunton, Virginia in 1900, Irena Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880 who attended Virginia Female Institute and seemed central in keeping her family together even though they were often sent in different directions, as they were raised by their grandparents, guardians and nurses, and Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881 who was very close with his sister Lou and married his first cousin Fannie Dickenson. Lou Halsey married Charles Palmer Stearns, (her first cousin).","Fannie Morton Halsey Dickenson and James Cooper Dickenson were the parents of Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884) married Franklin Stearns \"Buddie\" Halsey, James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate.\" \"Buddie\" struggled with alcohol, and Fannie Dickenson Halsey divorced him. (mention of domestic abuse also).","Annie Alexander and James Porter Alexander were the parents of Jamie Alexander who was engaged to [Georgie], Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander (1877-1890).","Robert Ogden Halsey and his wife Ella were the parents of eight children including Nellie, Joe, Susan, Edmund, Morton, and Janie.","Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey (1862-1918) and his wife Delia were the parents of Helen Halsey and they lived in Prescott, Arizona. Dr. Halsey may have struggled with alcoholism later in life.","Also mentioned are the siblings of J. J. Halsey, his brother Abraham Halsey (1831-1900) who made his fortune in California, Ann Eliza Halsey (1827-1868), Susan Electa Halsey (1829-1899), Stephen Halsey, Samuel S. Halsey (1835-1889), Cornelia Van Wyck Halsey (1838-1915), and Edmund Drake Halsey (1840-1896)"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 3995, Morton/Halsey family papers, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nContent Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTopics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nRelated materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSelected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eIncludes report cards and school work of Joseph J. Halsey\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Morton and Halsey family papers and addition (MSS 3995) contain family letters and some business letters, financial and legal papers, diaries, ledgers, printed items, and photographs belonging to the family of Jeremiah Morton (1899-1878), his wife Jane Smith Morton, and his son-in-law Joseph Jackson \"J. J.\" Halsey (1820-1907) Halseys' wife, Mildred Halsey and their children and grandchildren with the family papers spanning from 1838 to 1951 in Culpeper, and Orange County, Virginia as well as the Halsey branch of the family from New Jersey, and Abraham Halsey (J.J.'s brother) in California.","The collection contains documents, ledgers, and correspondence that Jeremiah Morton and J. J. Halsey owned and sold enslaved persons. Jeremiah Morton was involved in the internal slave trade between Virginia and Mobile, Alabama (ca. 1847-1863) with accounts, descriptions, and values placed upon enslaved persons including itemized tax receipts  This book doubles as a notebook of legal questions with page references and sections headed \"The Rights of Things,\" \"Toller's Law of Executors,\" and \"Reeves Domestic Relations.\"","Content Note: The correspondence particularly from J. J. Halsey contain references or imagery involving racism. In addition to the numerous enslaved persons in this family, J. J. Halsey and other family members often slur African Americans in correspondence throughout the collection.The purpose of this note is to give users the opportunity to decide whether they need or want to view these materials, or at least, to mentally or emotionally prepare themselves to view the materials.","There is also an 1855 registration form for Andrew Johnson, \"a person of colour,\" indicating his status as \"born free in the County of Orange, Virginia,\" and identifying him by his color, stature and marks or scars upon his face, head or hands.","Topics include the Civil War with J. J. Halsey fighting for the Confederacy and his brother Edmund fighting for the Union Army, reconstruction, African Americans holding office and politics, alcohol addiction, mental illness, agriculture, economy, coal, mining, White Sulphur Springs, and the Southern Pacific Railroad. Brief mention of the Spanish American War, moonshine, domestic abuse, divorce, education, Virginia Female Institute, Virginia Military Institute, Princeton University, University of Virginia, and Charlottesville, Virginia.","There are Civil War accounts including the Stonewall Jackson Valley Campaign and the mention of many Generals such as Robert E. Lee,  [Richard Stoddart] Ewell,  William Tecumseh Sherman, and battles in Elk Run, Harrisonburg, New Market, Richmond, Mount Jackson and the surrender at Appomattox at Wilmer McLean's house. There are also two pages from the notebook of Mildred Halsey, which offer a day-by-day account of life while her husband is at war and Union forces occupy nearby areas. J. J. Halsey wrote that their house was between the \"cannon of both armies.\"","Most of the letters include typed transcriptions which explain relationships of the family members which start with Jeremiah Morton through to his great-grandchildren, Louisa \"Lou\" Halsey b.1880, Caroline Virginia Halsey Stearns b.1878, and Frank \"Buddie\" Halsey b. 1881, Fannie Dickenson (b. 1884), James \"Short\" Halsey b. 1889, and step-children Hattie, Willie, and Anne \"Mate,\" Helen Halsey, Jamie Alexander (engaged to \"Georgie\",) Celia Alexander b. 1886, and Mildred Alexander 1877-1890, and step-children and eight children of Robert Ogden Halsey and Ella Halsey.","There is a lengthy autobiographical account of the career of William \"Extra Billy\" Smith, written in 1873 when Smith was running for U. S. Senate. The account includes his election to public office as Virginia state senator (1836), governor (1845), and U. S. congressman (1853-1859), and describes some of his Civil War experiences.","The correspondence of J. J. Halsey also includes letters and maps concerning the Knights of the Golden Horseshoe, and correspondence and papers related to Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's case with the newly formed state board of medical examiners, contesting their right to license physicians.","Related materials include essays and verse by J. J. Halsey, materials relating to the rebuilding of \"Lessland,\" Dr. Bee Bartow Halsey's examinations at Williston Seminary, Virginia, and papers concerning tuition for Irena Louisa Halsey at Piedmont Female Institute.","Series 4: The ledger series of the collection consists of eighteen volumes from 1812-1882 including Jeremiah Morton's account book regarding the sales of enslaved persons, Dr. R. Brigs ledgers dated 1812-1819, contain medical procedures like pulling a tooth. Other ledgers are from residents of Madison, Orange, and Culpeper counties. Some are in the hand of J. J. Halsey, while other volumes bear the names of Charles B. Porter, John A. Porter, B. W. Brown, and Nalle, Fishback and Company.","Selected list of correspondents: Jeremiah Morton: John B. Barbour, Jr., Robert Bolling, W. B. Caldwell, Allen T. Caperton, Reverend John Cole, R. H. Dulany, Frederick Gamble, Jedediah Hotchkiss, G. W. Leyburn, R. H. Maury, William Maury, A. M. Phillips, Riggs and Company, B. T. Sage, Slaughter, Franklin and Company, Alexander H. Stephens, George Terrill and B. R. Wellford. Joseph J. Halsey: John H. Antrim, J. L. Archer, Robert Bolling, W. C. Conrad, Peter V. Daniel, James Gaven Field, Dr. Jeptha Fowlker, A. J. Gordon, Colonel W. W. Gordon, Andrew Grinnan, Cornelia Grinnan, Ella Grinnan, M. G. Harman, General Eppa Hunton, General John D. Imboden, H. C. Marchant, Norton Marye, R. H. Maury, William Maury, B. T. Nalle, Phillip Nalle, Samuel H. Newbury, R.V. Richardson, William C. Rives, John Robertson, Taylor Scott, Francis H. Smith, John K. Taliaferro, Jacquelin P. Taylor, Tazewell Taylor, George Terrill, John Timberlake, C. S. Todd, Charles Wagner, Thomas P. Wallace, George Wederburn, and John Woolfolk.","There are also Morton's or Halsey's personal records, including their accounts with area merchants and residents of Madison, Culpeper or Orange counties, Virginia, whose affairs were handled by J. J. Halsey. as a lawyer. Individuals and firms listed are: William C. Austin, Beechwood and Mallory, John Blackwell and Hannah Blackwell, Charles G. Britt and James Beckham, Bushrod Brown, Thomas Brown, Thomas, Frances Bunley and Susie Bunley, M. A. Carter, John Clark, James Clark and Reuben Clark, William D. Clark, Timothy Costello, J. W. Crittenden, Sarah A. Daniel, William P. Eliason, Adam Everheart, John Gaurd, John Glaspell and Mary Glaspell, Gray Family, Thomas I. Green, R. W. Hall, James Hansbrough, Jane Hansbrough and Peter Hansbrough, Eppa Hunton, Parchal Hutchenson, Philip Johnson, James Jones, Thomas A. Keith, George Morton, Thomas Morton, Martin Nalle and Philip Nalle, Lewis Nelson, George Pannill, Charles B. Payne, W. S. Peyton, Colonel John A. Porter, John C. Rayland, William Rixey, Reverend W. F. Robins, J. W. Shadrack and John H. Somerville, Samuel Shadrack, George A. Sleet, Daniel W. Smith, James Somerville, E. W. Stearns, Steeles Tavern, Augusta County, Virginia, James L. Stringfellow, John Terrill, C. R. Van Wyck and L. D. Winston, John Vaughan, C. S. Waugh and N. B. Waugh, [John] Thomas Morton Wharton, Wharton and Nalle, William Wharton, Colonel Bruce Williams, Walter C. Winston, Winston family, and Isaac Willis.","The collection also contains a land grant from Patrick Henry, as Governor of Virginia, to Uriel Mallory as assignee of William Morton, 1782 November 8 (in the existing collection)","Includes report cards and school work of Joseph J. 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