{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1815\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=22","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1815\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=21","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1815\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=23","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1815\u0026facet.page=3\u0026page=567"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":22,"next_page":23,"prev_page":21,"total_pages":567,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":210,"total_count":5662,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Canal, 1804/1990","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eKemp was a consulting engineer and industrial archaeologist for the restoration of the tide lock and basin to help with a revitalization project for Alexandria, Virginia. The box includes the Preliminary Archaeological Survey Report, field notes, pamphlets, photos, correspondence, clippings, and a consulting agreement. Additionally, it includes pamphlets on the history of the City of Alexandria. The box includes facsimile correspondence with the United States Department of Commerce regarding the Geodetic Survey maps and charts, facsimile newspapers, reports and reference lists regarding those facsimiles. Finally, the box includes original slides that show engineering drawings of the canal. The following oversize materials were moved to Map Cabinet 12, Drawer 4, Folder 8: 18 sheets of facsimile and original newspapers (1831-1845, 1976-1985, and undated), 10 maps (1838, 1877-1884, 1949-1973 and undated), 1 illustration (undated).\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02","ref_ssm":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02"],"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02","parent_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02","parent_ssim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021","Series 1. Research Files, 1735/2017","Series 1. Research Files -- Waterways, 1804/2015"],"parent_ids_ssim":["wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01","wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Canal","title_ssm":["Alexandria Canal"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Canal"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Canal, 1804/1990"],"text":["Alexandria Canal, 1804/1990","Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021","Series 1. Research Files, 1735/2017","Series 1. Research Files -- Waterways, 1804/2015","Box 116","Kemp was a consulting engineer and industrial archaeologist for the restoration of the tide lock and basin to help with a revitalization project for Alexandria, Virginia. The box includes the Preliminary Archaeological Survey Report, field notes, pamphlets, photos, correspondence, clippings, and a consulting agreement. Additionally, it includes pamphlets on the history of the City of Alexandria. The box includes facsimile correspondence with the United States Department of Commerce regarding the Geodetic Survey maps and charts, facsimile newspapers, reports and reference lists regarding those facsimiles. Finally, the box includes original slides that show engineering drawings of the canal. The following oversize materials were moved to Map Cabinet 12, Drawer 4, Folder 8: 18 sheets of facsimile and original newspapers (1831-1845, 1976-1985, and undated), 10 maps (1838, 1877-1884, 1949-1973 and undated), 1 illustration (undated)."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021","Series 1. Research Files, 1735/2017","Series 1. Research Files -- Waterways, 1804/2015"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021","Series 1. Research Files, 1735/2017","Series 1. Research Files -- Waterways, 1804/2015"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1804/1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1804-1873, 1930-1932, 1966, 1974-1990 (Includes facsimiles)"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":110,"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"collection_ssim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021"],"containers_ssim":["Box 116"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"date_range_isim":[1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKemp was a consulting engineer and industrial archaeologist for the restoration of the tide lock and basin to help with a revitalization project for Alexandria, Virginia. The box includes the Preliminary Archaeological Survey Report, field notes, pamphlets, photos, correspondence, clippings, and a consulting agreement. Additionally, it includes pamphlets on the history of the City of Alexandria. The box includes facsimile correspondence with the United States Department of Commerce regarding the Geodetic Survey maps and charts, facsimile newspapers, reports and reference lists regarding those facsimiles. Finally, the box includes original slides that show engineering drawings of the canal. The following oversize materials were moved to Map Cabinet 12, Drawer 4, Folder 8: 18 sheets of facsimile and original newspapers (1831-1845, 1976-1985, and undated), 10 maps (1838, 1877-1884, 1949-1973 and undated), 1 illustration (undated).\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Kemp was a consulting engineer and industrial archaeologist for the restoration of the tide lock and basin to help with a revitalization project for Alexandria, Virginia. The box includes the Preliminary Archaeological Survey Report, field notes, pamphlets, photos, correspondence, clippings, and a consulting agreement. Additionally, it includes pamphlets on the history of the City of Alexandria. The box includes facsimile correspondence with the United States Department of Commerce regarding the Geodetic Survey maps and charts, facsimile newspapers, reports and reference lists regarding those facsimiles. Finally, the box includes original slides that show engineering drawings of the canal. The following oversize materials were moved to Map Cabinet 12, Drawer 4, Folder 8: 18 sheets of facsimile and original newspapers (1831-1845, 1976-1985, and undated), 10 maps (1838, 1877-1884, 1949-1973 and undated), 1 illustration (undated)."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#1","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:07.415Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","ead_ssi":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","_root_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","_nest_parent_":"wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WVU/repositories_2_resources_6270.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/207354","title_ssm":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History"],"title_tesim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History"],"unitdate_ssm":["1735-2021"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1735-2021"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1735/2021"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021"],"text":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021","A\u0026M 4230","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6270","Canals--United States","Kanawha River (W. Va.)","Kanawha River (W. Va.) -- Navigation -- History","Muskingum River (Ohio)","Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (Ala. and Miss.)","Aqueducts","Canal aqueducts","Canals","Cast-iron","Cement","Coal mines and mining","coalfields","Concrete","Covered bridges","Dams","Engineering","Engineering -- History","Flood dams and reservoirs","Glass blowing and working","Glass manufacture","Historic preservation","Historic sites -- Conservation and restoration","Industrial archaeology","Industrial archaeology -- Australia","Industrial archaeology -- England","Industrial archaeology -- United States","Inland navigation","Iron","Locks (Hydraulic engineering)","Milling machinery","Mills and mill-work","Mines and mineral resources","Mines and mineral resources -- West Virginia","Portland cement","Science -- History","Steel","Suspension bridges","Technology -- History","Truss bridges","Waterways","Wheeling Bridge (Wheeling, W. Va.)","Wrought-iron","All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department.","Research Files (1735-2017) \n    \n    \n\n\t Bridges (1735-2016) \n\n\t\tWaterways (1804-2015) \n\n\t\tIndustrial structures (1807-2017)\n\n\t\tEngineers, the history of engineering, and general historical topics (1770, 1805-2010) \n\n\t\tHistoric buildings (1810-2002) \n\n\t\tBuilding materials (1829-2002) \n      \n\n \n    \tKemp's Library (1855-2015) \n    \n\n \n    \tKemp's Professional Writings (1804-2015) \n    \n\n \n    \tKemp's Other Professional Activities (1849, 1909, 1952-2018) \n    \n\n\n    \tOversize Materials (undated) \n    \n\n \n    \tOral History (2017-2018) \n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2019: Records of Trips, Engineering Papers, Edinburgh Fellowship, \n        Suspension Bridge Papers, Miscellaneous  (1848-2021)\n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2021/04/05  (1768-2014)\n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2020: Engineering drawings, maps, other miscellaneous (1909-2003)","Emory Leland Kemp was born to Emory Lelan Kemp and Anita Mae Hucker Kemp on October 1, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. His family moved to Champaign, Illinois when he was four, and he attended the South Side School and later the University of Illinois High School. Although his teachers at the high school—faculty members at the university—encouraged Kemp to study history, he chose to enter the College of Engineering, just as his father had studied engineering before him. Kemp graduated with a degree in civil engineering in 1952, and the school honored him with the prestigious Ira O. Baker Award as the top-ranked undergraduate student in the Department of Civil Engineering.","Following graduation, Kemp became an assistant engineer with the Illinois Water Survey until war broke out in Korea and the government drafted Kemp into the United States Army. His former boss, now a colonel in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, transferred Kemp to work with the USACE in Alexandria, Virginia. After two years developing a detector for non-magnetic landmines with the USACE, Kemp applied to and accepted a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. He studied advanced mathematics and developed an interest in thin concrete roofs. In addition to receiving a Diploma of Imperial College (similar to a Master's degree) after two years in London, Kemp also met his life's partner, Janet. The two were married in 1958, and had three children in the United States: Mark, Alison and Geoffrey.","After his diploma, Kemp remained in London and worked on thin concrete shell rooves for Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry and Partners. He transferred to Arup and Partners, where he worked on the design behind the Sydney Opera House (developing the pre-stress and post-tension piles on the end of the building) and the hangars at the Royal Air Force Abingdon station. Soon, however, the University of Illinois invited Kemp to return to Champaign to complete a PhD in structural mechanics on full scholarship. He completed a dissertation on torsion in reinforced concrete in 1962.\n \n That same year, a faculty position at West Virginia University's School of Engineering became available. Kemp got the job, so he, Janet, and their children moved to Morgantown, West Virginia. He quickly rose to chair the Civil Engineering Department. Under his administration, the Department grew rapidly and received national acclaim. \n \n When James Harlow became president of West Virginia University (WVU) in 1967, he sent Kemp to the University of Oklahoma to study their History of Science program. Kemp was intrigued, and soon acquired approval to plan a similar course of study through WVU's History Department. He taught classes on the Industrial Revolution and the history of technology, but did not successfully convince the College of Engineering to require its engineering students to take courses in the history of science. \n \n During the 1970s, Kemp became involved in a number of historic preservation projects in West Virginia. First, he got involved in restoring the Wheeling Suspension Bridge, which needed repairs to its suspension wires. Kemp assisted with multiple rounds of restoration on the historic bridge. Then, West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation consulted Kemp on the restoration of the building in which West Virginia seceded from Virginia (although Kemp always referred to the building by its original title, the \"Wheeling Custom House\"). Kemp investigated the nine-inch wrought-iron I-beams that supported the ceilings and upper floors of the building, and assisted the foundation in interpreting the building as a museum.\n \n By the end of the 1970s, Kemp had earned recognition throughout the preservation community. Government agencies contracted with Kemp to document historic industrial and transportation structures through archival photographs and large-scale engineering drawings, so the materials could be submitted to the Historic American Engineering Record. The West Virginia state government also consulted Kemp for a number of projects throughout the 1970s and 1980s, especially involving work on covered bridges. For instance, when the roof of the Philippi Covered Bridge burned in a fire in February 1989, the state hired Kemp to oversee the restoration. Using innovative techniques for covering the top and supporting the old frame with new beams, Kemp gave the bridge its original 1861 appearance. He also assisted in the restoration of the Staats Mill and Barrackville Covered Bridges. Kemp's personal research interests centered on industrial processes in West Virginia, including mining, milling, glassmaking, and railroads. \n \n Kemp also founded and co-founded a number of organizations. First, Kemp got involved with a movement to bring the British discipline of industrial archaeology (the study of physical remnants of industrial structures as a method to understand our manufacturing past) to the United States. Kemp helped to found the Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) in 1971, served as the first editor of the affiliated journal, IA, in 1975, and eventually became SIA's president from 1988-1990. Kemp also founded the historic preservation and repurposing organization, Vandalia Heritage Foundation, in 1999. He was a founding member of the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia in 1981.\n \n In 1990, Kemp received Congressional funding to establish an Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) at WVU. The IHTIA, which became Kemp's full time job, provided historic preservation consultations, documented historic structures, held workshops and field schools, and published monographs. Over the course of its history, the IHTIA generated $13 million of research funding and worked on an estimated 86 projects. \n \n \nFor all of Kemp's work to preserve historic structures and encourage the spread of information about the history of industrial technology and transportation, the American Society of Civil Engineers named him a Distinguished Member in 2004. By the time he retired in the early 2000s, Kemp had devoted a lifetime to studying and celebrating America's industrial past.","Materials arrived sorted into boxes, generally based on the individual project for which Kemp used the items. A project can be defined as an endeavor that Kemp took on for a concentrated period of time centered on one structure, geographic location, or theme. Examples include the restoration of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, documentation of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, a publication, a conference, or a grant application. Some boxes appeared to be a mix of materials from various projects and subjects. Such boxes were categorized by the most prominent project or subject within the box or were determined \"Miscellaneous.\"","Some boxes were organized around a common topic rather than a project, especially if Kemp returned to a particular topic throughout his career (an example is research on concrete, a body of scholarship that Kemp drew on for a variety of projects).","At arrival, only some boxes had materials arranged into folders. Where arrangement within a box was obvious (such as materials segregated into manila folders), original arrangement was retained. Otherwise, items were sorted within boxes by format, or, when possible, by sub-topic.","Boxes were clumped together by individual project or topic. The series were created to reflect general categories of purposes for which Kemp used the materials. However, the series \"Oversize Material\" was not separated based on Kemp's purpose for using the materials; it was created to house all the items from other series that arrived folded inside boxes and do not fit in their original boxes when unfolded.","Because Kemp used so many of the materials in the collection for research, the series \"Research Files\" was broken down into sub-series by type of project. Boxes were occasionally combined when space allowed and when the materials originated from the same project. Boxes were also occasionally combined when items inside each box did not originate from just one project or just one type of project.","Additionally, Kemp separately donated books from his personal library, which he used throughout his career.","All born-digital materials housed on floppy disks, compact discs, or USB drives were uploaded to repository servers.","Any box and folder citations created before July 2019 may rely upon Kemp's original arrangement and may no longer be accurate. For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia and Regional History Center.","This collection includes materials from Dr. Emory L. Kemp's career of researching, documenting, and preserving historic structures. Kemp was a practicing civil engineer from 1952-1959, then taught civil engineering, historic preservation, and the history of technology from 1962-2003 at West Virginia University. He served as an expert consultant for the preservation of many historic engineering structures, including bridges, waterways, and mills. He also published regularly and remained active in several professional organizations.","Materials includes correspondence, engineering drawings, drawings, various styles and types of maps, photographic prints, photographic contact sheets, photographic negatives, drafts of monographs, bound copies of the United States Congressional Series, published scholarly articles and books, book excerpts, reports, computer-generated data, handwritten notes, oral histories and oral history transcripts, brochures, and realia. A significant amount concerns Kemp's process of documenting historic structures for the Historic American Engineering Record and the National Register of Historic Places.","All contents fall within 1735 and 2021. The bulk of the original materials are from 1959-1999. Almost all the materials from 1735-1949 are facsimiles that Kemp collected for his research.","Most of the materials pertain to West Virginia and surrounding states: Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Kemp also consulted on projects in other states and countries, such as Alabama, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and Zimbabwe. Personal materials discuss Kemp's experience in Illinois. In addition, Kemp's research on industrial archeology (the study of the physical evidence of industry and technology) focuses on Great Britain and Australia but also includes places in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Other states and countries appear briefly as part of Kemp's study of historic bridges, including California, Russia, France, China, and Peru.","Subjects include suspension bridges of West Virginia, covered bridges in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, the history of suspension bridges, bridge preservation, locks and dams in West Virginia (especially along the Kanawha River), navigation along other bodies of water (especially the Muskingum River), industrial structures and industrial production in West Virginia and surrounding states, civil engineers (especially Charles Ellet, Jr.), cement and concrete, the history of engineering, industrial archeology, principles of historic preservation, the process of documenting materials to the standards of the Historic American Engineering Record, Kemp's affiliations within West Virginia University (especially WVU's Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology), his affiliations with the American Society of Civil Engineers, and his affiliation with the Society for Industrial Archeology. Throughout the collection, several of Kemp's largest restoration projects appear regularly: the Wheeling Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; the Wheeling Custom House (also known as West Virginia Independence Hall) in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; and the West Virginia Covered Bridge Survey that Kemp completed for the West Virginia Department of Highways.","Within this finding aid, the term \"engineering drawings\" was used to describe materials that may be defined within the engineering field as blueprints, measured drawings, or floor plans. The term \"contact sheet\" was used to describe a photographic print clearly produced to make a rough draft, positive print of an image from a single negative or photographic negatives on a roll of film (created by holding photograph paper emulsion-to-emulsion with the negative). In addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated:","American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  \n Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026O Railroad)  \n Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026O Canal)  \n United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)  \n Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA)  \n Historic American Engineering Record (HAER)  \n Historic American Building Survey (HABS)  \n National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) \n National Forest (NF)\n National Park Service (NPS)  \n Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)  \n West Virginia University (WVU)  \n United States Geological Survey (USGS)","Packet of \"Early 20th Century Commercial Wood Engravings\" booklets (\"The S. George Company/The Gramlee Collection/The Permutation Press,\" \"The Stock/Product Block,\" \"The Monogram Block,\" \"The Barrel Label Block,\" \"The Stock Block,\" and \"The Company Block,\" all copyright 1982 by the Permutation Press) were separated to the Rare Book Room to join related materials on wood engravings.","1 reel of duplicate microfilm of A\u0026M 3007, Little Kanawha River Records, moved to duplicate A\u0026M microfilm.","1 reel of microfilm of the Elizabeth Gazette newspaper, Mar 13 1867 - Jan 11 1869, moved to duplicate newspaper microfilm.","Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.","West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center","West Virginia and Regional History Center","A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record","Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021"],"collection_ssim":["Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, 1735/2021"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A\u0026M 4230","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6270"],"unitid_tesim":["A\u0026M 4230","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/2/resources/6270"],"repository_ssm":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"repository_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center"],"geogname_ssm":["Canals--United States","Kanawha River (W. Va.)","Kanawha River (W. Va.) -- Navigation -- History","Muskingum River (Ohio)","Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (Ala. and Miss.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Canals--United States","Kanawha River (W. Va.)","Kanawha River (W. Va.) -- Navigation -- History","Muskingum River (Ohio)","Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (Ala. and Miss.)"],"places_ssim":["Canals--United States","Kanawha River (W. Va.)","Kanawha River (W. Va.) -- Navigation -- History","Muskingum River (Ohio)","Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway (Ala. and Miss.)"],"creator_ssm":["Kemp, Emory L."],"creator_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record"],"creators_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe","West Virginia and Regional History Center","A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record"],"access_terms_ssm":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aqueducts","Canal aqueducts","Canals","Cast-iron","Cement","Coal mines and mining","coalfields","Concrete","Covered bridges","Dams","Engineering","Engineering -- History","Flood dams and reservoirs","Glass blowing and working","Glass manufacture","Historic preservation","Historic sites -- Conservation and restoration","Industrial archaeology","Industrial archaeology -- Australia","Industrial archaeology -- England","Industrial archaeology -- United States","Inland navigation","Iron","Locks (Hydraulic engineering)","Milling machinery","Mills and mill-work","Mines and mineral resources","Mines and mineral resources -- West Virginia","Portland cement","Science -- History","Steel","Suspension bridges","Technology -- History","Truss bridges","Waterways","Wheeling Bridge (Wheeling, W. Va.)","Wrought-iron"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aqueducts","Canal aqueducts","Canals","Cast-iron","Cement","Coal mines and mining","coalfields","Concrete","Covered bridges","Dams","Engineering","Engineering -- History","Flood dams and reservoirs","Glass blowing and working","Glass manufacture","Historic preservation","Historic sites -- Conservation and restoration","Industrial archaeology","Industrial archaeology -- Australia","Industrial archaeology -- England","Industrial archaeology -- United States","Inland navigation","Iron","Locks (Hydraulic engineering)","Milling machinery","Mills and mill-work","Mines and mineral resources","Mines and mineral resources -- West Virginia","Portland cement","Science -- History","Steel","Suspension bridges","Technology -- History","Truss bridges","Waterways","Wheeling Bridge (Wheeling, W. Va.)","Wrought-iron"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["154.83 Linear Feet 152 document cases, 5 in. each; 92 document cases, 4 in. each; 68 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 32 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 4 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 1 small storage box, 6.5 in.; 1 index card box, 12 in.; 2 oversized items, 1.5 in. total; 2 microfilm reels, 1.75 in. each; 146 oversized folders, 18 in.","6.31 Gigabytes 678 files, formats include ASC, BK!, CAP, CHP, CIF, DOC, DOCX, ED, ELK, JPG, FRM, M4A, MON, MOV, MP4, PAP, PDF, PPT, PPTX, R2D, RTF, TIF, TRE, TXT, VGR, W51, WMA, WP, WPD, WPS, XLSX."],"extent_tesim":["154.83 Linear Feet 152 document cases, 5 in. each; 92 document cases, 4 in. each; 68 document cases, 2.5 in. each; 32 record cartons, 15 in. each; 1 flat storage box, 1.5 in.; 7 flat storage boxes, 3 in. each; 4 flat storage boxes, 4 in. each; 1 small storage box, 6.5 in.; 1 index card box, 12 in.; 2 oversized items, 1.5 in. total; 2 microfilm reels, 1.75 in. each; 146 oversized folders, 18 in.","6.31 Gigabytes 678 files, formats include ASC, BK!, CAP, CHP, CIF, DOC, DOCX, ED, ELK, JPG, FRM, M4A, MON, MOV, MP4, PAP, PDF, PPT, PPTX, R2D, RTF, TIF, TRE, TXT, VGR, W51, WMA, WP, WPD, WPS, XLSX."],"date_range_isim":[1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017,2018,2019,2020,2021],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAll or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eResearchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the \u003ca href=\"https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc\" target=\"_blank\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center reference department\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["All or part of this collection is stored offsite. Please make an appointment prior to visiting.","Researchers may access digitized and born digital materials by visiting the link attached to each item or by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center reference department."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e \n        Research Files (1735-2017) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003clist\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e Bridges (1735-2016) \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e\tWaterways (1804-2015) \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e\tIndustrial structures (1807-2017)\u003c/item\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e\tEngineers, the history of engineering, and general historical topics (1770, 1805-2010) \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e\tHistoric buildings (1810-2002) \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\t\u003citem\u003e\tBuilding materials (1829-2002) \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e \n    \tKemp's Library (1855-2015) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e \n    \tKemp's Professional Writings (1804-2015) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e \n    \tKemp's Other Professional Activities (1849, 1909, 1952-2018) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e\n    \tOversize Materials (undated) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n\n\u003citem\u003e \n    \tOral History (2017-2018) \n    \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003citem\u003e\n    \tAddendum of 2019: Records of Trips, Engineering Papers, Edinburgh Fellowship, \n        Suspension Bridge Papers, Miscellaneous  (1848-2021)\n    \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003citem\u003e\n    \tAddendum of 2021/04/05  (1768-2014)\n    \u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003citem\u003e\n    \tAddendum of 2020: Engineering drawings, maps, other miscellaneous (1909-2003)\n    \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\nThere are three addendum series (Series 7-9) listed by the year of the addendum. Addendum 2019 and 2021 materials are mainly processed and described at the box level.  Addendum 2021 also contains one acrylic display framed print and an oversized folder with drawings. Addendum 2020 materials has mainly been processed and described at the file level and contains one panoramic photograph.   "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Research Files (1735-2017) \n    \n    \n\n\t Bridges (1735-2016) \n\n\t\tWaterways (1804-2015) \n\n\t\tIndustrial structures (1807-2017)\n\n\t\tEngineers, the history of engineering, and general historical topics (1770, 1805-2010) \n\n\t\tHistoric buildings (1810-2002) \n\n\t\tBuilding materials (1829-2002) \n      \n\n \n    \tKemp's Library (1855-2015) \n    \n\n \n    \tKemp's Professional Writings (1804-2015) \n    \n\n \n    \tKemp's Other Professional Activities (1849, 1909, 1952-2018) \n    \n\n\n    \tOversize Materials (undated) \n    \n\n \n    \tOral History (2017-2018) \n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2019: Records of Trips, Engineering Papers, Edinburgh Fellowship, \n        Suspension Bridge Papers, Miscellaneous  (1848-2021)\n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2021/04/05  (1768-2014)\n    \n    \n    \tAddendum of 2020: Engineering drawings, maps, other miscellaneous (1909-2003)"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Emory Leland Kemp was born to Emory Lelan Kemp and Anita Mae Hucker Kemp on October 1, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. His family moved to Champaign, Illinois when he was four, and he attended the South Side School and later the University of Illinois High School. Although his teachers at the high school—faculty members at the university—encouraged Kemp to study history, he chose to enter the College of Engineering, just as his father had studied engineering before him. Kemp graduated with a degree in civil engineering in 1952, and the school honored him with the prestigious Ira O. Baker Award as the top-ranked undergraduate student in the Department of Civil Engineering.","Following graduation, Kemp became an assistant engineer with the Illinois Water Survey until war broke out in Korea and the government drafted Kemp into the United States Army. His former boss, now a colonel in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, transferred Kemp to work with the USACE in Alexandria, Virginia. After two years developing a detector for non-magnetic landmines with the USACE, Kemp applied to and accepted a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. He studied advanced mathematics and developed an interest in thin concrete roofs. In addition to receiving a Diploma of Imperial College (similar to a Master's degree) after two years in London, Kemp also met his life's partner, Janet. The two were married in 1958, and had three children in the United States: Mark, Alison and Geoffrey.","After his diploma, Kemp remained in London and worked on thin concrete shell rooves for Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry and Partners. He transferred to Arup and Partners, where he worked on the design behind the Sydney Opera House (developing the pre-stress and post-tension piles on the end of the building) and the hangars at the Royal Air Force Abingdon station. Soon, however, the University of Illinois invited Kemp to return to Champaign to complete a PhD in structural mechanics on full scholarship. He completed a dissertation on torsion in reinforced concrete in 1962.\n \n That same year, a faculty position at West Virginia University's School of Engineering became available. Kemp got the job, so he, Janet, and their children moved to Morgantown, West Virginia. He quickly rose to chair the Civil Engineering Department. Under his administration, the Department grew rapidly and received national acclaim. \n \n When James Harlow became president of West Virginia University (WVU) in 1967, he sent Kemp to the University of Oklahoma to study their History of Science program. Kemp was intrigued, and soon acquired approval to plan a similar course of study through WVU's History Department. He taught classes on the Industrial Revolution and the history of technology, but did not successfully convince the College of Engineering to require its engineering students to take courses in the history of science. \n \n During the 1970s, Kemp became involved in a number of historic preservation projects in West Virginia. First, he got involved in restoring the Wheeling Suspension Bridge, which needed repairs to its suspension wires. Kemp assisted with multiple rounds of restoration on the historic bridge. Then, West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation consulted Kemp on the restoration of the building in which West Virginia seceded from Virginia (although Kemp always referred to the building by its original title, the \"Wheeling Custom House\"). Kemp investigated the nine-inch wrought-iron I-beams that supported the ceilings and upper floors of the building, and assisted the foundation in interpreting the building as a museum.\n \n By the end of the 1970s, Kemp had earned recognition throughout the preservation community. Government agencies contracted with Kemp to document historic industrial and transportation structures through archival photographs and large-scale engineering drawings, so the materials could be submitted to the Historic American Engineering Record. The West Virginia state government also consulted Kemp for a number of projects throughout the 1970s and 1980s, especially involving work on covered bridges. For instance, when the roof of the Philippi Covered Bridge burned in a fire in February 1989, the state hired Kemp to oversee the restoration. Using innovative techniques for covering the top and supporting the old frame with new beams, Kemp gave the bridge its original 1861 appearance. He also assisted in the restoration of the Staats Mill and Barrackville Covered Bridges. Kemp's personal research interests centered on industrial processes in West Virginia, including mining, milling, glassmaking, and railroads. \n \n Kemp also founded and co-founded a number of organizations. First, Kemp got involved with a movement to bring the British discipline of industrial archaeology (the study of physical remnants of industrial structures as a method to understand our manufacturing past) to the United States. Kemp helped to found the Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) in 1971, served as the first editor of the affiliated journal, IA, in 1975, and eventually became SIA's president from 1988-1990. Kemp also founded the historic preservation and repurposing organization, Vandalia Heritage Foundation, in 1999. He was a founding member of the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia in 1981.\n \n In 1990, Kemp received Congressional funding to establish an Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) at WVU. The IHTIA, which became Kemp's full time job, provided historic preservation consultations, documented historic structures, held workshops and field schools, and published monographs. Over the course of its history, the IHTIA generated $13 million of research funding and worked on an estimated 86 projects. \n \n \nFor all of Kemp's work to preserve historic structures and encourage the spread of information about the history of industrial technology and transportation, the American Society of Civil Engineers named him a Distinguished Member in 2004. By the time he retired in the early 2000s, Kemp had devoted a lifetime to studying and celebrating America's industrial past."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, A\u0026amp;M 4230, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Emory L. Kemp Papers regarding Industrial History, A\u0026M 4230, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials arrived sorted into boxes, generally based on the individual project for which Kemp used the items. A project can be defined as an endeavor that Kemp took on for a concentrated period of time centered on one structure, geographic location, or theme. Examples include the restoration of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, documentation of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, a publication, a conference, or a grant application. Some boxes appeared to be a mix of materials from various projects and subjects. Such boxes were categorized by the most prominent project or subject within the box or were determined \"Miscellaneous.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome boxes were organized around a common topic rather than a project, especially if Kemp returned to a particular topic throughout his career (an example is research on concrete, a body of scholarship that Kemp drew on for a variety of projects). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt arrival, only some boxes had materials arranged into folders. Where arrangement within a box was obvious (such as materials segregated into manila folders), original arrangement was retained. Otherwise, items were sorted within boxes by format, or, when possible, by sub-topic. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBoxes were clumped together by individual project or topic. The series were created to reflect general categories of purposes for which Kemp used the materials. However, the series \"Oversize Material\" was not separated based on Kemp's purpose for using the materials; it was created to house all the items from other series that arrived folded inside boxes and do not fit in their original boxes when unfolded. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBecause Kemp used so many of the materials in the collection for research, the series \"Research Files\" was broken down into sub-series by type of project. Boxes were occasionally combined when space allowed and when the materials originated from the same project. Boxes were also occasionally combined when items inside each box did not originate from just one project or just one type of project. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, Kemp separately donated books from his personal library, which he used throughout his career.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll born-digital materials housed on floppy disks, compact discs, or USB drives were uploaded to repository servers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAny box and folder citations created before July 2019 may rely upon Kemp's original arrangement and may no longer be accurate. For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia and Regional History Center.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Materials arrived sorted into boxes, generally based on the individual project for which Kemp used the items. A project can be defined as an endeavor that Kemp took on for a concentrated period of time centered on one structure, geographic location, or theme. Examples include the restoration of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, documentation of a historic site or set of historic sites that share a common purpose, a publication, a conference, or a grant application. Some boxes appeared to be a mix of materials from various projects and subjects. Such boxes were categorized by the most prominent project or subject within the box or were determined \"Miscellaneous.\"","Some boxes were organized around a common topic rather than a project, especially if Kemp returned to a particular topic throughout his career (an example is research on concrete, a body of scholarship that Kemp drew on for a variety of projects).","At arrival, only some boxes had materials arranged into folders. Where arrangement within a box was obvious (such as materials segregated into manila folders), original arrangement was retained. Otherwise, items were sorted within boxes by format, or, when possible, by sub-topic.","Boxes were clumped together by individual project or topic. The series were created to reflect general categories of purposes for which Kemp used the materials. However, the series \"Oversize Material\" was not separated based on Kemp's purpose for using the materials; it was created to house all the items from other series that arrived folded inside boxes and do not fit in their original boxes when unfolded.","Because Kemp used so many of the materials in the collection for research, the series \"Research Files\" was broken down into sub-series by type of project. Boxes were occasionally combined when space allowed and when the materials originated from the same project. Boxes were also occasionally combined when items inside each box did not originate from just one project or just one type of project.","Additionally, Kemp separately donated books from his personal library, which he used throughout his career.","All born-digital materials housed on floppy disks, compact discs, or USB drives were uploaded to repository servers.","Any box and folder citations created before July 2019 may rely upon Kemp's original arrangement and may no longer be accurate. For assistance locating material using an older citation, please ask a staff member of the West Virginia and Regional History Center."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection includes materials from Dr. Emory L. Kemp's career of researching, documenting, and preserving historic structures. Kemp was a practicing civil engineer from 1952-1959, then taught civil engineering, historic preservation, and the history of technology from 1962-2003 at West Virginia University. He served as an expert consultant for the preservation of many historic engineering structures, including bridges, waterways, and mills. He also published regularly and remained active in several professional organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMaterials includes correspondence, engineering drawings, drawings, various styles and types of maps, photographic prints, photographic contact sheets, photographic negatives, drafts of monographs, bound copies of the United States Congressional Series, published scholarly articles and books, book excerpts, reports, computer-generated data, handwritten notes, oral histories and oral history transcripts, brochures, and realia. A significant amount concerns Kemp's process of documenting historic structures for the Historic American Engineering Record and the National Register of Historic Places.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAll contents fall within 1735 and 2021. The bulk of the original materials are from 1959-1999. Almost all the materials from 1735-1949 are facsimiles that Kemp collected for his research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMost of the materials pertain to West Virginia and surrounding states: Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Kemp also consulted on projects in other states and countries, such as Alabama, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and Zimbabwe. Personal materials discuss Kemp's experience in Illinois. In addition, Kemp's research on industrial archeology (the study of the physical evidence of industry and technology) focuses on Great Britain and Australia but also includes places in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Other states and countries appear briefly as part of Kemp's study of historic bridges, including California, Russia, France, China, and Peru.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                       \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubjects include suspension bridges of West Virginia, covered bridges in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, the history of suspension bridges, bridge preservation, locks and dams in West Virginia (especially along the Kanawha River), navigation along other bodies of water (especially the Muskingum River), industrial structures and industrial production in West Virginia and surrounding states, civil engineers (especially Charles Ellet, Jr.), cement and concrete, the history of engineering, industrial archeology, principles of historic preservation, the process of documenting materials to the standards of the Historic American Engineering Record, Kemp's affiliations within West Virginia University (especially WVU's Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology), his affiliations with the American Society of Civil Engineers, and his affiliation with the Society for Industrial Archeology. Throughout the collection, several of Kemp's largest restoration projects appear regularly: the Wheeling Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; the Wheeling Custom House (also known as West Virginia Independence Hall) in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; and the West Virginia Covered Bridge Survey that Kemp completed for the West Virginia Department of Highways.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWithin this finding aid, the term \"engineering drawings\" was used to describe materials that may be defined within the engineering field as blueprints, measured drawings, or floor plans. The term \"contact sheet\" was used to describe a photographic print clearly produced to make a rough draft, positive print of an image from a single negative or photographic negatives on a roll of film (created by holding photograph paper emulsion-to-emulsion with the negative). In addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated: \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026amp;O Railroad) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026amp;O Canal) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Historic American Engineering Record (HAER) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Historic American Building Survey (HABS) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e National Forest (NF)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e National Park Service (NPS) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e West Virginia University (WVU) \u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003e United States Geological Survey (USGS)\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection includes materials from Dr. Emory L. Kemp's career of researching, documenting, and preserving historic structures. Kemp was a practicing civil engineer from 1952-1959, then taught civil engineering, historic preservation, and the history of technology from 1962-2003 at West Virginia University. He served as an expert consultant for the preservation of many historic engineering structures, including bridges, waterways, and mills. He also published regularly and remained active in several professional organizations.","Materials includes correspondence, engineering drawings, drawings, various styles and types of maps, photographic prints, photographic contact sheets, photographic negatives, drafts of monographs, bound copies of the United States Congressional Series, published scholarly articles and books, book excerpts, reports, computer-generated data, handwritten notes, oral histories and oral history transcripts, brochures, and realia. A significant amount concerns Kemp's process of documenting historic structures for the Historic American Engineering Record and the National Register of Historic Places.","All contents fall within 1735 and 2021. The bulk of the original materials are from 1959-1999. Almost all the materials from 1735-1949 are facsimiles that Kemp collected for his research.","Most of the materials pertain to West Virginia and surrounding states: Kentucky, Maryland, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Kemp also consulted on projects in other states and countries, such as Alabama, Louisiana, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, Oklahoma, Tennessee, Canada, Great Britain, Australia, and Zimbabwe. Personal materials discuss Kemp's experience in Illinois. In addition, Kemp's research on industrial archeology (the study of the physical evidence of industry and technology) focuses on Great Britain and Australia but also includes places in West Virginia and Pennsylvania. Other states and countries appear briefly as part of Kemp's study of historic bridges, including California, Russia, France, China, and Peru.","Subjects include suspension bridges of West Virginia, covered bridges in West Virginia and Pennsylvania, the history of suspension bridges, bridge preservation, locks and dams in West Virginia (especially along the Kanawha River), navigation along other bodies of water (especially the Muskingum River), industrial structures and industrial production in West Virginia and surrounding states, civil engineers (especially Charles Ellet, Jr.), cement and concrete, the history of engineering, industrial archeology, principles of historic preservation, the process of documenting materials to the standards of the Historic American Engineering Record, Kemp's affiliations within West Virginia University (especially WVU's Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology), his affiliations with the American Society of Civil Engineers, and his affiliation with the Society for Industrial Archeology. Throughout the collection, several of Kemp's largest restoration projects appear regularly: the Wheeling Suspension Bridge over the Ohio River in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; the Wheeling Custom House (also known as West Virginia Independence Hall) in Wheeling, Ohio County, West Virginia; and the West Virginia Covered Bridge Survey that Kemp completed for the West Virginia Department of Highways.","Within this finding aid, the term \"engineering drawings\" was used to describe materials that may be defined within the engineering field as blueprints, measured drawings, or floor plans. The term \"contact sheet\" was used to describe a photographic print clearly produced to make a rough draft, positive print of an image from a single negative or photographic negatives on a roll of film (created by holding photograph paper emulsion-to-emulsion with the negative). In addition, the following terms that regularly appeared in the collection have been abbreviated:","American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)  \n Baltimore and Ohio Railroad (B\u0026O Railroad)  \n Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (C\u0026O Canal)  \n United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE)  \n Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA)  \n Historic American Engineering Record (HAER)  \n Historic American Building Survey (HABS)  \n National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) \n National Forest (NF)\n National Park Service (NPS)  \n Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), previously the Soil Conservation Service (SCS)  \n West Virginia University (WVU)  \n United States Geological Survey (USGS)"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePacket of \"Early 20th Century Commercial Wood Engravings\" booklets (\"The S. George Company/The Gramlee Collection/The Permutation Press,\" \"The Stock/Product Block,\" \"The Monogram Block,\" \"The Barrel Label Block,\" \"The Stock Block,\" and \"The Company Block,\" all copyright 1982 by the Permutation Press) were separated to the Rare Book Room to join related materials on wood engravings. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 reel of duplicate microfilm of A\u0026amp;M 3007, Little Kanawha River Records, moved to duplicate A\u0026amp;M microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 reel of microfilm of the Elizabeth Gazette newspaper, Mar 13 1867 - Jan 11 1869, moved to duplicate newspaper microfilm.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Packet of \"Early 20th Century Commercial Wood Engravings\" booklets (\"The S. George Company/The Gramlee Collection/The Permutation Press,\" \"The Stock/Product Block,\" \"The Monogram Block,\" \"The Barrel Label Block,\" \"The Stock Block,\" and \"The Company Block,\" all copyright 1982 by the Permutation Press) were separated to the Rare Book Room to join related materials on wood engravings.","1 reel of duplicate microfilm of A\u0026M 3007, Little Kanawha River Records, moved to duplicate A\u0026M microfilm.","1 reel of microfilm of the Elizabeth Gazette newspaper, Mar 13 1867 - Jan 11 1869, moved to duplicate newspaper microfilm."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePermission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/visit/permissions-and-copyright\" target=\"_blank\"\u003ePermissions and Copyright page\u003c/a\u003e on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Permission to publish or reproduce is required from the copyright holder. For more information, please see the Permissions and Copyright page on the West Virginia and Regional History Center website."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_517856904095c87c6fdf14d024a7399d\"\u003eWest Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: \u003ca href=\"https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/\"\u003eWest Virginia \u0026amp; Regional History Center\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536  / URL: West Virginia \u0026 Regional History Center"],"corpname_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record"],"names_coll_ssim":["A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record","Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe"],"persname_ssim":["Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe"],"names_ssim":["West Virginia and Regional History Center","A.G. Lichtenstein and Associates","Alexandria Canal Company","American Society of Civil Engineers","American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on History and Heritage of American Civil Engineering","National Rivers and Harbors Congress","Ove Arup \u0026 Partners","Paul D. Marshall \u0026 Associates","Preservation Alliance of West Virginia","Society for Industrial Archeology","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers","United States. Army. Corps of Engineers. Ohio River Division.","Vandalia Heritage Foundation","West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation","West Virginia University","Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","West Virginia University. Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology","Historic American Buildings Survey","Historic American Engineering Record","Kemp, Emory L.","Ellet, Charles, 1777-1847","Fluty, Beverly B.","Peyton, Billy Joe"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":422,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:11:07.415Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEmory Leland Kemp was born to Emory Lelan Kemp and Anita Mae Hucker Kemp on October 1, 1931 in Chicago, Illinois. His family moved to Champaign, Illinois when he was four, and he attended the South Side School and later the University of Illinois High School. Although his teachers at the high school—faculty members at the university—encouraged Kemp to study history, he chose to enter the College of Engineering, just as his father had studied engineering before him. Kemp graduated with a degree in civil engineering in 1952, and the school honored him with the prestigious Ira O. Baker Award as the top-ranked undergraduate student in the Department of Civil Engineering.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Following graduation, Kemp became an assistant engineer with the Illinois Water Survey until war broke out in Korea and the government drafted Kemp into the United States Army. His former boss, now a colonel in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, transferred Kemp to work with the USACE in Alexandria, Virginia. After two years developing a detector for non-magnetic landmines with the USACE, Kemp applied to and accepted a Fulbright Scholarship to study at Imperial College of Science and Technology in London, England. He studied advanced mathematics and developed an interest in thin concrete roofs. In addition to receiving a Diploma of Imperial College (similar to a Master's degree) after two years in London, Kemp also met his life's partner, Janet. The two were married in 1958, and had three children in the United States: Mark, Alison and Geoffrey.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e After his diploma, Kemp remained in London and worked on thin concrete shell rooves for Sir Bruce White, Wolfe Barry and Partners. He transferred to Arup and Partners, where he worked on the design behind the Sydney Opera House (developing the pre-stress and post-tension piles on the end of the building) and the hangars at the Royal Air Force Abingdon station. Soon, however, the University of Illinois invited Kemp to return to Champaign to complete a PhD in structural mechanics on full scholarship. He completed a dissertation on torsion in reinforced concrete in 1962.\n \n That same year, a faculty position at West Virginia University's School of Engineering became available. Kemp got the job, so he, Janet, and their children moved to Morgantown, West Virginia. He quickly rose to chair the Civil Engineering Department. Under his administration, the Department grew rapidly and received national acclaim. \n \n When James Harlow became president of West Virginia University (WVU) in 1967, he sent Kemp to the University of Oklahoma to study their History of Science program. Kemp was intrigued, and soon acquired approval to plan a similar course of study through WVU's History Department. He taught classes on the Industrial Revolution and the history of technology, but did not successfully convince the College of Engineering to require its engineering students to take courses in the history of science. \n \n During the 1970s, Kemp became involved in a number of historic preservation projects in West Virginia. First, he got involved in restoring the Wheeling Suspension Bridge, which needed repairs to its suspension wires. Kemp assisted with multiple rounds of restoration on the historic bridge. Then, West Virginia Independence Hall Foundation consulted Kemp on the restoration of the building in which West Virginia seceded from Virginia (although Kemp always referred to the building by its original title, the \"Wheeling Custom House\"). Kemp investigated the nine-inch wrought-iron I-beams that supported the ceilings and upper floors of the building, and assisted the foundation in interpreting the building as a museum.\n \n By the end of the 1970s, Kemp had earned recognition throughout the preservation community. Government agencies contracted with Kemp to document historic industrial and transportation structures through archival photographs and large-scale engineering drawings, so the materials could be submitted to the Historic American Engineering Record. The West Virginia state government also consulted Kemp for a number of projects throughout the 1970s and 1980s, especially involving work on covered bridges. For instance, when the roof of the Philippi Covered Bridge burned in a fire in February 1989, the state hired Kemp to oversee the restoration. Using innovative techniques for covering the top and supporting the old frame with new beams, Kemp gave the bridge its original 1861 appearance. He also assisted in the restoration of the Staats Mill and Barrackville Covered Bridges. Kemp's personal research interests centered on industrial processes in West Virginia, including mining, milling, glassmaking, and railroads. \n \n Kemp also founded and co-founded a number of organizations. First, Kemp got involved with a movement to bring the British discipline of industrial archaeology (the study of physical remnants of industrial structures as a method to understand our manufacturing past) to the United States. Kemp helped to found the Society for Industrial Archeology (SIA) in 1971, served as the first editor of the affiliated journal, IA, in 1975, and eventually became SIA's president from 1988-1990. Kemp also founded the historic preservation and repurposing organization, Vandalia Heritage Foundation, in 1999. He was a founding member of the Preservation Alliance of West Virginia in 1981.\n \n In 1990, Kemp received Congressional funding to establish an Institute for the History of Technology and Industrial Archaeology (IHTIA) at WVU. The IHTIA, which became Kemp's full time job, provided historic preservation consultations, documented historic structures, held workshops and field schools, and published monographs. Over the course of its history, the IHTIA generated $13 million of research funding and worked on an estimated 86 projects. \n \n \nFor all of Kemp's work to preserve historic structures and encourage the spread of information about the history of industrial technology and transportation, the American Society of Civil Engineers named him a Distinguished Member in 2004. By the time he retired in the early 2000s, Kemp had devoted a lifetime to studying and celebrating America's industrial past. \u003c/p\u003e  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/wvmturhc_repositories_2_resources_6270_c01_c02_c02"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department, 1794/1851","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","parent_ssim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department","title_ssm":["Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department, 1794/1851"],"text":["Alexandria Common City Council documents concerning the Fire Department, 1794/1851","Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","box 1","folder 8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1851"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["January 17, 1794-December 29, 1851"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":8,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 8"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851],"_nest_path_":"/components#7","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_26.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/26","title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"text":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","MS267","Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Additional materials donated in 1995","The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.","The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.","Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.","The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"collection_ssim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS267"],"unitid_tesim":["MS267"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials donated in 1995\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional materials donated in 1995"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26_c08"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1815","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWill drive Woods' carriage to the springs. Needs some notice.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11_c21","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11","parent_ssim":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846","Box 11"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","viw_repositories_2_resources_8977_c11"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia","title_ssm":["Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1815"],"text":["Alexandria Darnes, Waynesburgh, Pa. to Archibald Woods, Wheeling, West Virginia, 1815","Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846","Box 11","Box 11","Folder 1133","Will drive Woods' carriage to the springs. Needs some notice."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846","Box 11"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846","Box 11"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1815"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1815 May 28"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":1157,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846"],"containers_ssim":["Box 11","Folder 1133"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"date_range_isim":[1815],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWill drive Woods' carriage to the springs. Needs some notice.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Will drive Woods' carriage to the springs. Needs some notice."],"_nest_path_":"/components#10/components#20","timestamp":"2026-08-14T23:04:39.293Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8977","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8977.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Woods, Archibald Papers","title_ssm":["Archibald Woods Papers"],"title_tesim":["Archibald Woods Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1777-1846","1783-1846"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1777-1846"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1783-1846"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846"],"text":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846","Mss. 65 W87","/repositories/2/resources/8977","Belmont County (Ohio)--History","Cumberland Road","Virginia--Militia--History--War of 1812","Wheeling (W.Va.)--History","Woodsfield (Ohio)--History","Banks and banking--United States--History","Cholera--United States","College of William and Mary--History--19th century","Fauquier County (Va.)--History--19th century","Indiana--History","Indians of North America","Indians of North America--History--19th century","Kentucky--History","Marriage--United States--History--19th century","Monroe County (Ohio)--History","Northwest, Old--History","Ohio County (W. Va.)--History","Ohio--History--19th century","Saint Louis (Mo.)--History--19th century","Slavery--West Virginia--History","Whiskey Rebellion, Pa., 1794","Correspondence","Financial records","2775 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","This collection is arranged chronologically by date.","A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling.","Administrative History: A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling.","A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:","Other Information:","Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00093.frame","Papers, chiefly 1783-1846, of Archibald Woods of Ohio County, West Virginia. The papers concern his family, the Poage family, and the Houston family, as well as his business dealings. Correspondents include Levi Barber, Daniel Call, Philip Doddridge, Chapman Johnson, Henry Lee, James Pindall, Benjamin Ruggles, Daniel Sheffey and John Tyler, Edgar Campbell Wilson, George Washington Wilson and Thomas Wilson. Subjects dealt with in the collection include banking, cholera, the Cumberland Road, land speculation, pioneer life near Wheeling, West Virginia and in Kentucky and Indiana, formation of and early days in Belmont and Monroe counties, Ohio (including the founding of Woodsfield, Ohio), the Northwest Territory, Indians of North America, family life, marriage and courtship, Virginia militia during peacetime and in the War of 1812, Ohio politics, sale of slaves and the Whiskey Rebellion. There are also letters of members of the Baker and Morgan families of Fauquier County, Virginia and Wheeling, West Virginia which concern life in St. Louis, Missouri during the 1840's.","Addition to folder 1482:  December 31, 1824 letter from Z. Jacobs in Richmond, Virginia to Archibald Woods regarding moving the College of William and Mary to Richmond.","Special Collections Research Center","Baker family","Morgan family","Woods, Archibald, 1764-1846","Barber, Levi","Call, Daniel, 1765 (ca.)-1840","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Johnson, Chapman, 1779-1849","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Ruggles, Benjamin, 1783-1857","Sheffey, Daniel, 1770-1830","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Wilson, Edgar Campbell, 1800-1860","Wilson, George Washington, b. 1807","Wilson, Thomas, 1765-1826","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald Woods Papers, 1777/1846, bulk 1783/1846"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 W87","/repositories/2/resources/8977"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 W87","/repositories/2/resources/8977"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Belmont County (Ohio)--History","Cumberland Road","Virginia--Militia--History--War of 1812","Wheeling (W.Va.)--History","Woodsfield (Ohio)--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Belmont County (Ohio)--History","Cumberland Road","Virginia--Militia--History--War of 1812","Wheeling (W.Va.)--History","Woodsfield (Ohio)--History"],"places_ssim":["Belmont County (Ohio)--History","Cumberland Road","Virginia--Militia--History--War of 1812","Wheeling (W.Va.)--History","Woodsfield (Ohio)--History"],"creator_ssm":["Woods, Archibald, 1764-1846","Baker family","Barber, Levi","Call, Daniel, 1765 (ca.)-1840","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Johnson, Chapman, 1779-1849","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Morgan family","Ruggles, Benjamin, 1783-1857","Sheffey, Daniel, 1770-1830","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Wilson, Edgar Campbell, 1800-1860","Wilson, George Washington, b. 1807","Wilson, Thomas, 1765-1826"],"creator_ssim":["Woods, Archibald, 1764-1846","Baker family","Barber, Levi","Call, Daniel, 1765 (ca.)-1840","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Johnson, Chapman, 1779-1849","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Morgan family","Ruggles, Benjamin, 1783-1857","Sheffey, Daniel, 1770-1830","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Wilson, Edgar Campbell, 1800-1860","Wilson, George Washington, b. 1807","Wilson, Thomas, 1765-1826"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Woods, Archibald, 1764-1846","Barber, Levi","Call, Daniel, 1765 (ca.)-1840","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Johnson, Chapman, 1779-1849","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Ruggles, Benjamin, 1783-1857","Sheffey, Daniel, 1770-1830","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Wilson, Edgar Campbell, 1800-1860","Wilson, George Washington, b. 1807","Wilson, Thomas, 1765-1826"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Baker family","Morgan family"],"creators_ssim":["Woods, Archibald, 1764-1846","Barber, Levi","Call, Daniel, 1765 (ca.)-1840","Doddridge, Philip, 1773-1832","Johnson, Chapman, 1779-1849","Lee, Henry, 1756-1818","Ruggles, Benjamin, 1783-1857","Sheffey, Daniel, 1770-1830","Tyler, John, Jr., 1819-1896","Wilson, Edgar Campbell, 1800-1860","Wilson, George Washington, b. 1807","Wilson, Thomas, 1765-1826","Special Collections Research Center","Baker family","Morgan family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift: 2,674 items, 11 May 1940. 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Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from the Manuscripts and Rare Books Librarian, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically by date."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdministrative History: A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eA Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki: \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://scdbwiki.swem.wm.edu/wiki/index.php/Archibald_Woods\" title=\"Archibald Woods\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical Information:"],"bioghist_tesim":["A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling.","Administrative History: A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling.","A Federalist, Woods served in the Virginia House of Delegates and was a member of the Virginia Convention of 1788. He briefly served in the Revolutionary War and later was an officer of the Virginia militia, attaining the rank of colonel before resigning in 1816. Woods was president and a director of the North Western Bank of Virginia. He owned a flour mill, traded whiskey and leased out land. One of the founders of Woodsfield, Ohio, Woods was a land speculator in the military warrant land in the Northwest Territory and bought public land in Ohio and Indiana in addition to having extensive holdings in West Virginia. He was also either a principal or involved in some way with lawsuits to either settle land disputes or to collect money. He promoted the building the Cumberland Road which passed through Wheeling. Further information about this individual or organization may be available in the Special Collections Research Center Wiki:"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOther Information:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00093.frame\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Other Information:","Additional information may be found at http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaead/published/wm/viw00093.frame"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArchibald Woods Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Archibald Woods Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, chiefly 1783-1846, of Archibald Woods of Ohio County, West Virginia. 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There are also letters of members of the Baker and Morgan families of Fauquier County, Virginia and Wheeling, West Virginia which concern life in St. Louis, Missouri during the 1840's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAddition to folder 1482:  December 31, 1824 letter from Z. Jacobs in Richmond, Virginia to Archibald Woods regarding moving the College of William and Mary to Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, chiefly 1783-1846, of Archibald Woods of Ohio County, West Virginia. The papers concern his family, the Poage family, and the Houston family, as well as his business dealings. Correspondents include Levi Barber, Daniel Call, Philip Doddridge, Chapman Johnson, Henry Lee, James Pindall, Benjamin Ruggles, Daniel Sheffey and John Tyler, Edgar Campbell Wilson, George Washington Wilson and Thomas Wilson. Subjects dealt with in the collection include banking, cholera, the Cumberland Road, land speculation, pioneer life near Wheeling, West Virginia and in Kentucky and Indiana, formation of and early days in Belmont and Monroe counties, Ohio (including the founding of Woodsfield, Ohio), the Northwest Territory, Indians of North America, family life, marriage and courtship, Virginia militia during peacetime and in the War of 1812, Ohio politics, sale of slaves and the Whiskey Rebellion. There are also letters of members of the Baker and Morgan families of Fauquier County, Virginia and Wheeling, West Virginia which concern life in St. Louis, Missouri during the 1840's.","Addition to folder 1482:  December 31, 1824 letter from Z. 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He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria.","This collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. Materials include photocopies of his notes from Alexandria Gazette; photocopied and hand-drawn maps of the areas under consideration; photocopies of deeds and other legal records; correspondence; and other research materials.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McNulty, Robert H., 1940-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. 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He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty worked at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of History and Technology (the forerunner to the National Museum of American History) in the 1960s and 1970s. He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Robert H. McNulty Papers, MS282, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Robert H. McNulty Papers, MS282, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. Materials include photocopies of his notes from Alexandria Gazette; photocopied and hand-drawn maps of the areas under consideration; photocopies of deeds and other legal records; correspondence; and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. 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The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"unitid_tesim":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created circa 1976 and was expanded over many years through small donations and acquisitions. 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It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_89.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/89","title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1767-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1767-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1767/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"text":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89","Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. 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It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. 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It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Land Book, 1790/1970","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","parent_ssim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Land Book","title_ssm":["Alexandria Land Book"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Land Book"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Land Book, 1790/1970"],"text":["Alexandria Land Book, 1790/1970","Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991","box 2","folder 7","English."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790/1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1790-1970"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":59,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"containers_ssim":["box 2","folder 7"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"language_ssim":["English."],"date_range_isim":[1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"_nest_path_":"/components#58","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_127.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/127","title_ssm":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282)"],"title_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1970-1991"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970/1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"text":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991","MS282","Archaeology.","Urban renewal.","Privies","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration.","Mr. McNulty had arranged the materials by subject; notes on particular areas were grouped together by street, and other notes were grouped by topic. This arrangement has been retained; the folder names in the collection have been taken from the original folders, which followed Mr.McNulty's organizational scheme.","Robert H. McNulty worked at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of History and Technology (the forerunner to the National Museum of American History) in the 1960s and 1970s. He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria.","This collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. Materials include photocopies of his notes from Alexandria Gazette; photocopied and hand-drawn maps of the areas under consideration; photocopies of deeds and other legal records; correspondence; and other research materials.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McNulty, Robert H., 1940-","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"collection_ssim":["Robert H. McNulty Papers (MS282), 1970/1991"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS282"],"unitid_tesim":["MS282"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["McNulty, Robert H., 1940-"],"creator_ssim":["McNulty, Robert H., 1940-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McNulty, Robert H., 1940-"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["McNulty, Robert H., 1940-","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Archaeology.","Urban renewal.","Privies","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Archaeology.","Urban renewal.","Privies","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".85 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".85 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMr. McNulty had arranged the materials by subject; notes on particular areas were grouped together by street, and other notes were grouped by topic. This arrangement has been retained; the folder names in the collection have been taken from the original folders, which followed Mr.McNulty's organizational scheme.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Mr. McNulty had arranged the materials by subject; notes on particular areas were grouped together by street, and other notes were grouped by topic. This arrangement has been retained; the folder names in the collection have been taken from the original folders, which followed Mr.McNulty's organizational scheme."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRobert H. McNulty worked at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of History and Technology (the forerunner to the National Museum of American History) in the 1960s and 1970s. He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Robert H. McNulty worked at the Smithsonian Institution's National Museum of History and Technology (the forerunner to the National Museum of American History) in the 1960s and 1970s. He performed research on various sites in connection with archaeology projects in the urban renewal area of Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Robert H. McNulty Papers, MS282, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Robert H. McNulty Papers, MS282, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. Materials include photocopies of his notes from Alexandria Gazette; photocopied and hand-drawn maps of the areas under consideration; photocopies of deeds and other legal records; correspondence; and other research materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of Mr. McNulty's Alexandria research notes and related documentation. Materials include photocopies of his notes from Alexandria Gazette; photocopied and hand-drawn maps of the areas under consideration; photocopies of deeds and other legal records; correspondence; and other research materials."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["McNulty, Robert H., 1940-"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McNulty, Robert H., 1940-"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":70,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_127_c59"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria Library Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the Alexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08","parent_ssim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies","title_ssm":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952"],"text":["Alexandria Maps, Prints, and Photocopies, 1745/1952","Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers","box 51","folder 9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","Series VIII: Maps and Oversize Papers"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1745/1952"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1745 - 1952"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":485,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"containers_ssim":["box 51","folder 9"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#8","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_116.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/116","title_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287)"],"title_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1956 - 1980"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956 - 1980"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956/1980"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"text":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980","MS287","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Historic Alexandria Foundation","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration.","Historic districts -- Conservation and restoration -- United States.","Historic districts -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Houses -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Architecture -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","The series are arranged as dictated by Ethelyn Cox's activities.\nSeries I - Street by Street -- These research files are arranged by street in alphabetical order. For north/south streets, the files are arranged north 100, 200, etc., then south 100, and so on. If there are separate files for east and west sides of the block, the east side is first followed by the west side. For east/west streets, the files start at the river and go west in numerical order by block. If there are separate files for the north and south side of a block, the north side comes before the south side. Particular establishments, may have their own file interfiled with the block of their street address, for instance Gadsby's Tavern is filed, Royal North 100 - Gadsby's Tavern.\nSeries II - Subject and Names -- These research files are arranged alphabetically and deal with general subjects not associated with a particular street address or associated with multiple addresses.\nSeries III - Publications -- This includes manuscripts and correspondence associated with specific publications. A large portion of this series is devoted to \"Street by Street\" including the press ready text.\nSeries IV - Organizations and Associations -- This series contains Historic Alexandria Foundation papers and files on other organizations Mrs. Cox was associated with.\nSeries V - Books and Pamphlets -- This series contains published materials primarily on Alexandria history or historic homes and preservation issues.\nSeries VI - Research Files -- These research files contain notes and papers of general Alexandria interest, not directly related to a specific publication. Included are index card files of notes.\nSeries VII - Scrapbooks -- Large, heavy, oversized scrapbooks filled with news clippings from local newspapers on various subjects.\nSeries VIII - Maps and Oversized Papers -- Alexandria City maps and other large documents.\nSeries IX - Photographs -- 3 boxes of photos of houses in Old Town Alexandria, arranged by street address.","Ethelyn Cox (1909-1988) was an Alexandria Local Historian and Author. Known as a \"meticulous but unassuming scholar,\" she contributed greatly to our knowledge of Alexandria's history. Her major publication, Historic Alexandria Virginia Street by Street is still one of the most authoritative books on historic houses, and popular as well.\nMrs. Cox moved to Alexandria in 1935. She became interested in Alexandria history in 1948 when she and her husband, Hugh, purchased their home at 210 Prince Street. One of her early projects was serving on the Alexandria Association committee which produced the catalog for\nthe 1956 exhibit Our Town. She was a founding member of Historic Alexandria Foundation and served for many years as a board member, secretary, president, and chairman of various committees. Through her association with HAF, she was involved very extensively in restoration and preservation efforts in Old Town Alexandria. In 1980 Mrs. Cox received the Alexandria Association's Individual Award of Merit.","Historic Alexandria Foundation Records (MS070)","This collection consists of Mrs. Cox's research files and manuscripts, as well as papers from her membership in HAF. Research files contain typed and handwritten notes, news clippings, and correspondence. The main focus of the collection is in support of \"Street by Street\". Included are the Historic American Building Survey inventories of Worth Baily. Also in the collection are manuscripts and notes of several projects that Mrs. Cox\nassisted on, and pamphlets related to Alexandria History or Historic Preservation and\nRestoration.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"collection_ssim":["Ethelyn Cox Collection (MS287), 1956/1980"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS287"],"unitid_tesim":["MS287"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"creator_ssim":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Ethelyn Cox, 1983"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Historic Alexandria Foundation","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration.","Historic districts -- Conservation and restoration -- United States.","Historic districts -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Houses -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Architecture -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Historic Alexandria Foundation","Historic buildings -- Virginia -- Alexandria -- Conservation and restoration.","Historic districts -- Conservation and restoration -- United States.","Historic districts -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Houses -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Architecture -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.33 Linear Feet 56 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["22.33 Linear Feet 56 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe series are arranged as dictated by Ethelyn Cox's activities.\nSeries I - Street by Street -- These research files are arranged by street in alphabetical order. For north/south streets, the files are arranged north 100, 200, etc., then south 100, and so on. If there are separate files for east and west sides of the block, the east side is first followed by the west side. For east/west streets, the files start at the river and go west in numerical order by block. If there are separate files for the north and south side of a block, the north side comes before the south side. Particular establishments, may have their own file interfiled with the block of their street address, for instance Gadsby's Tavern is filed, Royal North 100 - Gadsby's Tavern.\nSeries II - Subject and Names -- These research files are arranged alphabetically and deal with general subjects not associated with a particular street address or associated with multiple addresses.\nSeries III - Publications -- This includes manuscripts and correspondence associated with specific publications. A large portion of this series is devoted to \"Street by Street\" including the press ready text.\nSeries IV - Organizations and Associations -- This series contains Historic Alexandria Foundation papers and files on other organizations Mrs. Cox was associated with.\nSeries V - Books and Pamphlets -- This series contains published materials primarily on Alexandria history or historic homes and preservation issues.\nSeries VI - Research Files -- These research files contain notes and papers of general Alexandria interest, not directly related to a specific publication. Included are index card files of notes.\nSeries VII - Scrapbooks -- Large, heavy, oversized scrapbooks filled with news clippings from local newspapers on various subjects.\nSeries VIII - Maps and Oversized Papers -- Alexandria City maps and other large documents.\nSeries IX - Photographs -- 3 boxes of photos of houses in Old Town Alexandria, arranged by street address.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The series are arranged as dictated by Ethelyn Cox's activities.\nSeries I - Street by Street -- These research files are arranged by street in alphabetical order. For north/south streets, the files are arranged north 100, 200, etc., then south 100, and so on. If there are separate files for east and west sides of the block, the east side is first followed by the west side. For east/west streets, the files start at the river and go west in numerical order by block. If there are separate files for the north and south side of a block, the north side comes before the south side. Particular establishments, may have their own file interfiled with the block of their street address, for instance Gadsby's Tavern is filed, Royal North 100 - Gadsby's Tavern.\nSeries II - Subject and Names -- These research files are arranged alphabetically and deal with general subjects not associated with a particular street address or associated with multiple addresses.\nSeries III - Publications -- This includes manuscripts and correspondence associated with specific publications. A large portion of this series is devoted to \"Street by Street\" including the press ready text.\nSeries IV - Organizations and Associations -- This series contains Historic Alexandria Foundation papers and files on other organizations Mrs. Cox was associated with.\nSeries V - Books and Pamphlets -- This series contains published materials primarily on Alexandria history or historic homes and preservation issues.\nSeries VI - Research Files -- These research files contain notes and papers of general Alexandria interest, not directly related to a specific publication. Included are index card files of notes.\nSeries VII - Scrapbooks -- Large, heavy, oversized scrapbooks filled with news clippings from local newspapers on various subjects.\nSeries VIII - Maps and Oversized Papers -- Alexandria City maps and other large documents.\nSeries IX - Photographs -- 3 boxes of photos of houses in Old Town Alexandria, arranged by street address."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEthelyn Cox (1909-1988) was an Alexandria Local Historian and Author. Known as a \"meticulous but unassuming scholar,\" she contributed greatly to our knowledge of Alexandria's history. Her major publication, Historic Alexandria Virginia Street by Street is still one of the most authoritative books on historic houses, and popular as well.\nMrs. Cox moved to Alexandria in 1935. She became interested in Alexandria history in 1948 when she and her husband, Hugh, purchased their home at 210 Prince Street. One of her early projects was serving on the Alexandria Association committee which produced the catalog for\nthe 1956 exhibit Our Town. She was a founding member of Historic Alexandria Foundation and served for many years as a board member, secretary, president, and chairman of various committees. Through her association with HAF, she was involved very extensively in restoration and preservation efforts in Old Town Alexandria. In 1980 Mrs. Cox received the Alexandria Association's Individual Award of Merit.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ethelyn Cox (1909-1988) was an Alexandria Local Historian and Author. Known as a \"meticulous but unassuming scholar,\" she contributed greatly to our knowledge of Alexandria's history. Her major publication, Historic Alexandria Virginia Street by Street is still one of the most authoritative books on historic houses, and popular as well.\nMrs. Cox moved to Alexandria in 1935. She became interested in Alexandria history in 1948 when she and her husband, Hugh, purchased their home at 210 Prince Street. One of her early projects was serving on the Alexandria Association committee which produced the catalog for\nthe 1956 exhibit Our Town. She was a founding member of Historic Alexandria Foundation and served for many years as a board member, secretary, president, and chairman of various committees. Through her association with HAF, she was involved very extensively in restoration and preservation efforts in Old Town Alexandria. In 1980 Mrs. Cox received the Alexandria Association's Individual Award of Merit."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item identification], Ethelyn Cox Collection, MS287, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[item identification], Ethelyn Cox Collection, MS287, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/53\" show=\"new\" actuate=\"onrequest\"\u003eHistoric Alexandria Foundation Records (MS070)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Historic Alexandria Foundation Records (MS070)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of Mrs. Cox's research files and manuscripts, as well as papers from her membership in HAF. Research files contain typed and handwritten notes, news clippings, and correspondence. The main focus of the collection is in support of \"Street by Street\". Included are the Historic American Building Survey inventories of Worth Baily. Also in the collection are manuscripts and notes of several projects that Mrs. Cox\nassisted on, and pamphlets related to Alexandria History or Historic Preservation and\nRestoration.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of Mrs. Cox's research files and manuscripts, as well as papers from her membership in HAF. Research files contain typed and handwritten notes, news clippings, and correspondence. The main focus of the collection is in support of \"Street by Street\". Included are the Historic American Building Survey inventories of Worth Baily. Also in the collection are manuscripts and notes of several projects that Mrs. Cox\nassisted on, and pamphlets related to Alexandria History or Historic Preservation and\nRestoration."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cox, Ethelyn, 1908-1988"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":528,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_116_c08_c09"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11"}},{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09_c63","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings, 1799/1934","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09_c63#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09_c63","ref_ssm":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09_c63"],"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09_c63","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09","parent_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09","parent_ssim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982","Alfred I. duPont papers","Nemours, 1906/1935"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01","vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572_c01_c09"],"title_filing_ssi":"Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings","title_ssm":["Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings"],"title_tesim":["Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings, 1799/1934"],"text":["Alfred I. Du Pont, Correspondence Regarding Fraudulent Transactions, Checks, Paintings, 1799/1934","duPont family papers, 1767/1982","Alfred I. duPont papers","Nemours, 1906/1935","box 30","folder 12","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","English"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982","Alfred I. duPont papers","Nemours, 1906/1935"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982","Alfred I. duPont papers","Nemours, 1906/1935"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1799/1934"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1799-1934"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":756,"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"collection_ssim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"extent_ssm":["1 Files"],"extent_tesim":["1 Files"],"containers_ssim":["box 30","folder 12"],"creator_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954"],"names_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8/components#62","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:38:39.199Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","ead_ssi":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_root_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","_nest_parent_":"vilxw_repositories_5_resources_572","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WLU/repositories_5_resources_572.xml","title_ssm":["duPont family papers"],"title_tesim":["duPont family papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1767-1982"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1767-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1767/1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"text":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982","WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572","Correspondence","Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","The original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023.","The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family","Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"collection_ssim":["duPont family papers, 1767/1982"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"unitid_tesim":["WLU.Coll.0169","/repositories/5/resources/572"],"repository_ssm":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"repository_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, Leyburn Library"],"creator_ssm":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"creators_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M.","Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)","Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"access_terms_ssm":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The papers of Jessie Ball duPont were consolidated with her records stored in Jacksonville after her death and the closing of her Wilmington office as well as Alfred I. duPont's Jacksonville papers. The Nemours papers were maintained at the estate in Delaware and at some point were shipped to Jacksonville. The collection was donated to Washington and Lee University in the 1970s but remained in Jacksonville at the offices of the Jessie Ball duPont Religious, Charitable and Educational Fund awaiting completion of the biography about her. In September 1990, Washington and Lee received a grant from the Fund to process the duPont Family papers and contracted with History Associates Incorporated to perform the work."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Correspondence","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["33 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["33 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], duPont Family Papers (WLU Coll. 0169), Special Collections and Archives, Washington and Lee University, Lexington, VA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The original finding aid was funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities in partnership with the History Associates Incorporated in 2001. Edits to this description for injest into ArchivesSpace were made by Graham McKemy and Mattie Clear in 2023."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The materials from Washington and Lee University Special Collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study, pursuant to U.S. Copyright law.  The user assumes full responsibility for any use of the materials, including but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials.  Any materials used should be fully credited with the source.  Permission for publication of this material, in part or in full, must be secured with the Head of Special Collections."],"corpname_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). Department of Police","Delaware Ledger","Okonite Company","Service Citizens of Delaware","Atlas Powder Company","East Texas Oil, Gas, and Mineral Company","Rocky Mountain National Bank","American International Oil Corporation","Cambridge Yacht Club","Edmund Kelly Real Estate","The Club-Fellow \u0026 Washington Mirror","Glaze \u0026 Fine law firm","New York World","United States. Department of the Treasury","Equitable Guarantee and Trust Co.","Tonkin Du Pont Graphite Co.","Harriman National Bank","Corn Exchange National Bank","Franklin Trust Company (Philadelphia, PA)","Public Service Company of Colorado","Denver Gas and Electric Light Co.","The First National Bank of the City of New York","French American Constructive Corporation","Nemours Trading Corporation","E.I. du Pont de Nemours \u0026 Company","Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company","Brandywine Realty","Delaware Barber Company","Delaware State Chamber of Commerce","Everett Railway, Light and Water Company","Hotel du Pont","Harding Peeling Machine Company","Liberty Brand Canning Company","Delaware Packing Company","Gorham Manufacturing Company","McLean Contracting Company","Crosby and Hill Company","General Acoustic Company","George Tiemann and Company","Miller and Cleghorn","E. A. Myers and Sons","Sonotone Corporation","Auratone Incorporated","William F. Murphy's Sons","Mercantile Printing Company","The Dreka Company","Cann Brothers and Kinding Incorporated","Hughes and Muller Tailoring","Mann and Dilks","Buckeye Shirt Company","Gene-Vall Cigar Company, Incorporated","Jung Arch Brace Company","Rand McNally and Company","H. W. Fisher and Company","J.E. Caldwell \u0026 Co","Waltham Watch Company","Wall and Ochs","Bonschur and Holmes","Franklin Simon \u0026 Co","Boué Soeurs","Grande Maison de Blanc","Faultless Manufacturing Company","George L. Starks and Company","National Association of Retail Clothiers and Furnishers","New Process Company","John Morrell \u0026 Co","Pathéscope (Firm)","Bell \u0026 Howell Co","Montana State Prison","Unexcelled Manufacturing Company","Ritz-Carlton Hotels (Firm)","Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers (U.S.)","United States. Post Office Department","National Horse Show Association of America","United States Lines Company","Social Register Association (U.S.)","Du Pont Bridge Club","G. Schirmer, Inc","Kny-Scheerer Company","Robinson Electric Manufacturing Company","Westchester Country Club (Rye, N.Y.)","Bankers Club of America","Beaver Lake Club","Congressional Country Club","Winchester Repeating Arms Company","Remington Arms Company","National Rifle Association of America","Jonas Bros. Taxidermy","Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company","A.G. Spalding \u0026 Bros","Abercrombie \u0026 Fitch","Graybar Electric Company inc","Pinkerton's National Detective Agency","League of Nations","United States Naval Academy","Delaware Automobile Association","International Harvester Company","Foss-Hughes Company","Rushmore Dynamo Works","Ford Motor Company","New York Edison Company","E. Rosenfeld and Company","Miniature Breaker Company","Packard Motor Car Company","Rolls-Royce of America","New York (State). Bureau of Motor Vehicles","Fortune Magazine","Toppan Boat Manufacturing Company","Shelton Electric Company","General Electric Company","Consilidated Gas and Gasoline Engine Company","Automatic Electrical Devices Company","New York Yacht Club","Lloyd's Register of British and Foreign Shipping (Firm)","Schenck and Schenck Insurance Agents and Brokers","United States. Hydrographic Office","Cox and Stevens","New London Ship and Engine Company","Wilmington Sunday Star","Western Pump Company","American Car and Foundry Company","Kelvinator","William J. Highfield General Insurance","Fire Association of Philadelphia","Marine Basin Company","Scott \u0026 Fowles (Firm)","Marine Construction Company","Yorktown Yacht Club","Consolidated Shipbuilding Corporation","Cooper-Bessemer Corporation","Henry J. Gielow, Incorporated","Mathis Yacht Building Company","Earl H. Croft, Incorporated","Broward County Port Authority","Keil Motor Company","Huckins Yacht Corporation","The Universal Horticultural Establishment, Incorporated","Winslow Bros. Company","Booth, Garrett and Blair","Otis Elevator Company","J.L. Mott Iron Works","Wilmington (Del.). Water Department","The Spur","James Boyd and Brothers","Ajax Fire Engine Works","Saks \u0026 Company (New York, N.Y.)","Remington Machine Company","Polar Water Still Company","Vacuum Engineering Company","Spencer Turbine Cleaner Company","Diamond Ice and Coal Company","Huyler's (Firm)","Robinson and Payne","Pitt and Scott","Armstrong Seatag Corporation","J. L. Kraft and Brothers Company","G. Washington Coffee Refining Company","James Rowland and Company","C. V. Floyd Fruit Company","Henry R. Hallowell and Son","Belle Meade Farm","Hearn Brothers","Mouquin, incorporated","Walter Hawkins Fruit","Maerose Fruit Corporation of Texas","Chappel Brothers Incorporated","Magasins du Louvre","E. Gimpel and Wildenstein","Steinway \u0026 Sons","W. \u0026 J. Sloane","E.F. Hodgson Co","Tiffany and Company","Theodore B. Starr","George F. Barnes, Incorporated","Gilman Collamore and Company","William T. Stuart, Incorporated","Metropolitan Museum of Art (New York, N.Y.)","Museum of Fine Arts, Boston","Seth Thomas Clock Company","Litchfield and Company","Aero Service Corporation","Rau Studios, Incorporated","Lewis \u0026 Conger","Samuel Kirk and Son","Davis Collamore and Company","Edmondson Warrin","Universal Appraisal Company","C. J. Benson and Company, Incorporated","S. P. Sulo Furniture Company","Bryant and Heffernan, Incorporated","Port Clinton Fish Company","Henry F. Michell Co","William H. Moon Company","Pierson U-Bar Company","Hitchings \u0026 Co","Wadley and Smythe","Skinner Irrigation Company","Ideal Power Lawn Mower Company","Coldwell Lawn Mower Company","Philadelphia Lawn Mower Company","Campbell Irrigation Company","John Polachek Bronze and Iron Works Company","Glen Brothers, Incorporated","Munson Whitaker Company","United States. Bureau of Forestry","Du Pont Gun Club","B. Ridgway and Son","Architectural Decorating Company","Johnson Service Company","Frigidaire Corporation","Tirrill Gas Machine Lighting Company","Manning Manufacturing Company","Oliver Oil Gas Burner and Machine Company","George W. McCaulley and Son Company","American Ironing Machine Co","Geyser Electric Washing Machine Company","Savage firearms","Church Art Work Company","Aladdin Company","Permutit Company","Smyth Construction Company","E. T. Burrowes","Wolfe and Adams","The Master Company","Bliss Exterminator Company","Verm-O-Spray","United Cork Flooring Company","Loomis-Manning Filter Distributing Company","Russell and Erwin Manufacturing Company","Blue Ball Farm (Wilmington, DE)","Andover Ambulance Corps.","Ward, Gray, and Neary","Young Men's Christian Association (Wilmington, De.)","Cambridge Maternity Hospital","National Organization for Public Health Nursing (U.S.)","St. John's Rectory (Milford, DE)","University of Delaware","Staunton Military Academy","Wharton Grove Camp Ground","College of William \u0026 Mary","Kent General Hospital (Dover, DE)","Cathedral School of St. John the Divine","American Association for Old Age Security","Delaware Old Age Welfare Commission","Delaware Old Age Pension Fund","Delaware. Department of Public Instruction","Alfred I. Du Pont School (Talleyville, DE)","Delaware. State Board of Education","Industrial Trust Company","Delaware State Aid Society","Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation","Florida National Bank","First National Bank (Panama City, FL)"],"famname_ssim":["Du Pont Family","La Motte","Ball family"],"persname_ssim":["Du Pont, Alfred I. (Alfred Irénée), 1864-1935","Du Pont, Jessie Ball, 1884-1970","Jakes, T. W. (Thomas Webber) (Thomas Webber Jakes ), 1867-1945","Gentieu, Frederick, 1872-1951","Gentieu, Celeste, 1879-1971","Bakewell-Green, Estelle, 1870-1956","Spooner, W. W. (Walter Whipple), 1861-1922","Du Pont, T. Coleman (Thomas Coleman), 1863-1930","Du Pont, Ernest, 1880-1944","Maxwell, George T. (Gee Tee), 1895-1965","Du Pont, Samuel Francis, 1803-1865","Heitmuller, Anton H. F. (Anton Henry F.), 1859-1943","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","de Morant, V. G. (Victor Georges), 1878-1961","Archibald, S. G., fl. 1912-1920","Du Pont, Pauline Foster, 1849-1902","Conrad, Henry C. (Henry Clay), 1852-1930","Johnson, B. F. (Benjamin Franklin), 1856-1921","Ingersoll, Ralph (Ralph McAllister), 1900-1985","Du Pont, Pierre S. (Pierre Samuel), 1870-1954","Du Pont, E. Paul (Eleuthère Paul), 1887-1950","Stetser, Albert, 1886-1968","Du Pont, Eleuthère Irénée, 1771-1834","Du Pont, Mary Van Dyke, 1826-1909","Parker, E. W. (Eben Walter)","Lee, Maurice du Pont, 1885-1974","Ruoff, Madeleine Mary Du Pont, 1887-1965","Macomber, Susan G.","MacGregor, Mary Alicia Maddox Du Pont, 1903-1975","Goldsborough, Edith","Du Pont, Mary Alicia Heyward Bradford, 1875-1920","Du Pont, Alfred V. (Alfred Victor), 1900-1970","Hilles, Charles Dewey, 1867-1949","Huidekoper, Bessie Cazenove Du Pont, 1889-1973","Huidekoper, Reginald Shippen, 1876-1943","Du Pont, Victorine Elise, 1903-1965","Du Pont, Margaret (Margery) May Fitz Gerald, 1866-1951","Gray, R. A. (Robert Andrew), 1882-1975","Martinez, Joseph D.","Du Pont, Marcella Miller (1903-09-09-1985-09)","Mathewson, S. Frank","Connor, Ellen","James, Marquis, 1891-1955","Massey, Anne","Maxwell, T. J.","Chabannes, Jean-Pierre, Comte de Chabannes, 1862-1928","Du Pont, B. G. (Bessie Gardner), 1864-1949","Du Pont, Elizabeth Gardner, 1864-1949","Copeland, Charles, 1867-1944","Mann, Harrington, 1864-1937","Dent, Victorine Elise Du Pont, 1903-1965","Davidson, C. Frank","Du Pont, Samuel, 1910","Du Pont, Eluthera Paulina, 1912","Shears, W. C., Rev., d. ca. 1928","Shears, Ethel","Hastings, Thomas, 1860-1929","Dent, Elbert, 1895-1965","von Frantzius, Ida","Tripp, Marie A.","Glendening, Harold Sanford, 1896-1990","Glendening, Alan Sanford, 1923-1979","Zapffe, Adelaide Camille Du Pont, 1915-2000","Hiebler, Max, 1887-1957","Hiebler, Benno Lorenz, 1914-1980","Ruoff, Hermann","Hiebler, Alfred Friedrich, 1915-1991","Hiebler, Bayard Wilson \"Max\", 1911-1945","Hitler, Adolf, 1889-1945","Lee, Marguerite Du Pont, 1862-1936","Du Pont, Charlotte Louise, 1893-1972","Massena, Gabriel Francois, 1902-1945","Crane, Clara Isabel (Claris), 1880-1968","Crane, Sarah (Sadie) D., 1891-1970","Du Pont, Francis I. (Francis Irénée), 1873-1942","Du Pont, H. A. (Henry Algernon), 1838-1926","Du Pont, Nesta Pamela, 1903-1973","Duvall, Maria C. L. (Cumming Lamar), 1869-1957","Ellett, Katherine Gresham Tyler, 1909-2003","Francis, Olga M. (Olga Mary), 1904-2011","Gravely, Julian S. (\"Gin Gin\"), Mrs.","Gresham, Hattie Bell (\"de Blub\"), 1880-1964","Haile, Ella Grisham, 1845-1938","Jesse, Eoline C. (Eoline Carter) Ball, 1890-1989","La Motte, Arthur, 1871-1947","Eaton, George \"Pap\" Thomas, 1856-1937","La Motte, Ellen N. (Ellen Newbold), 1873-1961","La Motte, Ferdinand, Jr., 1879-1961","La Motte, Theodore R. (\"Cap\"), 1863-ca. 1931","Du Pont, Lammot, 1880-1952","Lee, Cazenove Gardner, 1882-1945","Lee, Dorothy Vandegrift, 1886-1972","Lee, Richard H. (Richard Henry), 1918-1940","Lee, Geraldine \"Gerry\" Shaw, b. 1889","Du Pont Lee, Marguerite, 1914-2004","Lee, Katherine, 1885-1968","Lee, Charlotte, 1921-2014","Du Pont Lee, Maurice, Jr., 1925-2020","Du Pont, Maurice (1866-1941)","Taylor, Archibald H., b. ca. 1851-d. 1928","Tyler, Frances Beale, 1911-2003","Wright, Thomas Ball Winston, 1909-1964","Adams, Floride Harding, 1887-1965","Harding, Rebecca W., 1882-1982","Ball, Isabella Louise, 1882-1971","Baker, N. Addison (Nehemiah Addison), 1882-1973","Baker, Jessie Gresham, 1918-1995","Ball, Maria Louisa, 1846-1932","Ball, Thomas , Jr., 1879-1960","Jesse, James D. (James DeJarnette), 1885-1962","Ball, A. L. C. (Addison Lombard Carter), 1876-1934","Bowley, Elsie Ball Wright, 1886-1972","Wright, Bayard W. (Bayard Winston), 1886-1940","Quigley, James P., Rev., 1862-1925","Troubetzkoy, Pierre, 1864-1936","Kirkus, Frederick M. (Frederick Maurice), Rev., 1862-1939","Brereton, Mary E. (Mary Elizabeth), 1887-1964","Bayard Angell, Louisa Lee, 1870-1944","Bowley, Albert Jesse, 1875-1945","Dashiell, J. L. (James \"Jimmy\" Lambert), 1870-1950","DeShields, Henry C. (Henry Carrington), 1870-1937","Dubell, Charles Bratten, Rev., 1871-1952","Dunn, B. W. (Beverly Wyly), Colonel, 1860-1936","Francis, Lucy Elphinstone Smith Maitland, b. ca. 1865","Glasgow, William A., Mrs.","Hackett, James Keteltas, 1869-1926","Hanby, Charles M., Dr., 1874-1944","Kyle, Margaret B. Hanby, 1904-1966","Seagle, Oscar","Harding, Frances (Fanny) Jane Ball, 1858-1924","Joyner, Sterling J., b. 1874","Lee, Baker P. (Baker Perkins), Rev., 1870-1942","Lee, Lulu Skinner, 1870-1946","Vaughn, Bertha Hayes, 1884-1932","Young, Emily Riddle Hill, 1862-1959","Pizek, Stanley R., b. ca. 1885","Goldsborough, Phillips Lee, 1865-1946","Reybold, F. K. (Frederick K.), 1874-1969","Allee, J. Frank (James Frank), 1857-1938","Buck, Clayton Douglass, 1890-1965","Griffenberg, E. B. (Elwood Bryan), Senator, 1875-1963","Bradford, E. G. (Edward Green), Jr., Representative, 1878-1927","Hilles, Florence Bayard, 1866-1954","Pennewill, Simeon S. (Simeon Selby), Governor, 1867-1935","Roosevelt, Theodore, 1858-1919","Roosevelt, Franklin D. (Franklin Delano), 1882-1945","Davis, E. M. (Edward Milford), b.1887","Layton, Daniel J. (Daniel John), 1879-1960","Short, I. D. (Isaac Dolphus), 1875-1953","Hurley, Patrick J. (Patrick Jay), 1883-1963","Coolidge, Calvin (John Calvin), 1872-1933","Walls, J. E.","Black, George, 1868-1942","Horwitz, George Q. (George Quintard), 1868-1916","Beardslee, L. R. (Lisle Rhodes), 1879-1963","Connable, Frank L. (Frank Lee), 1871-1947","Du Pont, Alexis I. (Alexis Irénée), 1869-1921","Dunham, R. H. (Russell Harry), 1870-1958","Du Pont, Irénée, 1876-1963","Reese, Charles L. (Charles Lee), 1862-1940","Darling, Philip G. (Philip Greenville), 1878-1948","Stirling, Thomas J., 1848-1926","Gentieu, Pierre A. (Pierre Auguste), 10215","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. Frank (Samuel Francis), 1865-1945","Leonard, James C., 1855-1930","Lyell, Robert O. (Robert Oliver), MD, Dr., 1878-1968","Burnam, Curtis F. (Curtis Field), MD, Dr., 1877-1947","Lawton, Thomas, 1878-1947","Bradfield, Edna T. (Edna Turner), 1881-1946","Dodge, Edwin R. (Edwin Rouse), 1860-1934","Lutkin, James, b. 1866","Rau, William Herman, 1855-1920","Bartlett, Jane, 1843-1928","Coffin, Rachel J., b. 1876","Hardy, S. D. (Samuel Drury), 1883-1966","Barthman, F. William (Frederick William), 1865-1935","Macdonald, Arthur Nelson, 1866-1940","Lee, John Thomas, 1875-1953","Evans, Lynwood Ingerville, 1889-1949","Griffith, Eugene Artemus, 1903-1980","Harris, Herrman H. (Herrman Hirsch), Dr., 1883-1936","Brereton, Ruth , 1891-1951","Jannicelli, F. Francis (Francesco Francis), b. 1896","Robinson, J. N. (John Norris), 1865-1960","Fischer, Carl, 1849-1923","Jayne, Horace H. F. (Horace Howard Furness), 1898-1975","Newell, Edward Theodore, 1886-1941","Gravino, Adam, 1889-1962","McCurdy, M. L.","McCurdy, William T.","Hutchison, Miller Reese, Sr., 1876-1944","Carroll, Edward R. (Edward Rotchford), 1887-1952","Carroll, Cosette M., b. 1910","Hoover, Herbert (Herbert Clark), 1874-1964","Shakespeare, Frank H. (Franklin Heverin), 1879-1950","Preston, Lelia Harrison Dew, 1893-1984","Montague, James J. (James Jackson), 1873-1941","Gravely, J. Bland (Judith Bland), 1918-1998","Doty, William Kavanaugh, 1886-1956","Hull, George H. (George Henry), Jr., b. 1867","Brandenberger, Clarence R. (Clarence Richard), 1892-1976","Bowman, Sidney B., b. ca. 1867","Glendinning, Robert E. (Robert Edward), 1867-1936","Carey, James L. (James Lucius), b. 1881","Kummerlowe, O. W. (Oscar Waldemar), 1884-1946","Songdahl, Peder Pedersen, Captain, b. 1873","C., McKnight-Smith","Smith, Jesse, Jr., Captain","Bowes, Thomas D. (Thomas David), Jr., 1883-1965","Kaighn, Herbert E. (Herbert Eugene), 1875-1934","Moody, Edmund P., 1857-1931","Smith, Harry A., 1878-1960","Harton, J. Howard (John Howard), 1887-1935","Smyth, James M. (James McKane), 1860-1943","Mack, Edward R. (Edward Resolved), 1876-1944","Horncastle, Thomas, b. ca. 1871","Perry, Roland Hinton, 1870-1941","Tartoue, Pierre, 1888-1974","Salvatore, Victor, 1884-1965","Danton, V. E. (Van Eaton), Dr.","Linding, H. M. (Herman Magnuson), b. 1880","Arthur Edwin, Bye, Dr., 1885-1968","Maugans, J. C. (John Clifford), 1878-1969","Glynn, Elizabeth Frances, 1895-1954","Keller, Ferdinand Hyskull, b. ca. 1870","Schmauk, B. T. (Benjamin Tyson), b. 1853","Judd, Joseph A., 1889-1937","Edwards, Anne C. F.","Potamkin, Barney, b. 1878","Horty, William H., 1861-1931","Manda, W. A. (William A.), b. 1862","McClure, R. L.","Mackensen, William J.","Conwell, H. Ernest (Henry), 1887-1964","Bateman, St. Elmo, 1877-1959","Fullarton, Andrew D. (Anderew Darling), 1878-1939","Roemer, Louise Frances Schenkel, 1894-1985","De Garis, F.","Du Pont Swift, Charles, 1875-1917","Levett, Edith E., b. ca. 1881","Simmonds, Helena Linck, 1882-1954","Goldsborough, Brice W. (Brice Worthington), Dr., 1859-1929","Chinn, J. W. (Joseph W.), Jr., Judge, 1866-1936","Earll, Irene B., b. 1888","Seiss, Ralph W. (Ralph William), Dr., 1861-1926","Wharton, H. M. (Henry Marvin), Rev., 1848-1928","Combs, L.R. (Laurence Rosseau), Rev., 1858-1937","Kay, H. Tyler, b. 1889","Tucker, Beverly R. (Beverly Randolph), Dr., 1874-1945","Robbins, Howard C. (Howard Chandler), 1876-1952","Schulz, Otto","Rossell, John S., 1856-1934","Walls, Laura J. C. (Laura J. Calhoun), 1882-1967","Hill, Jacob V. (Jacob Vincent), 1893-1942","Wickes, James C., Col., b. 1868","Wilson, D. Mifflin (Daniel Mifflin), 1856-1948","Zimmerman, B. John (Bernard John), 1901-1955","Payne, A. A. (Alvin Annon), 1889-1937","Bright, James C., d. 1947","Ottenstein, M. Z. (Morris Zachary), 1898-1993","Linares-Rivas, Jose M."],"names_ssim":["Washington and Lee University, University Library Special Collections and Archives","Nemours (Greenville, Del. : Dwelling)","St. Stephen's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)","Du Pont De Nemours Cemetery Company","E.I. du Pont de Nemours Powder Company","Delaware Trust Company","Alfred I. Du Pont School District","Bobbs-Merrill Company","Davis \u0026 Brother, Inc.","Richards \u0026 Affeld","Brentano's (Firm)","Tiffany Studios (New York, N.Y.). Ecclesiastical Department","Carrère \u0026 Hastings","St. Stephen's Episcopal Church (Norwood, Pennsylvania)","Battle Creek Sanitarium (Battle Creek, Mich.)","Massena and Du Pont","Phillips Academy","Bordentown Military Institute","Harriman Naitonal Bank","Du Pont Maternity Hospital","Wilmington Morning News","Every Evening Wilmington","Wilmington (Del.). 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(Louis Albert), 1851-1925","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Jr., 1887-1949","Raskob, John J. (John Jakob), 1879-1950","Scott, William L. (William Levi), 1857-1934","Prickett, C. D. (Clifford Denslow), 1863-1949","Ramsay, William G. (William Gouverneur), 1866-1916","Cauffiel, Daniel, 1867-1930","Gregory, Thomas Watt, 1861-1933","Du Pont, William, 1855-1928","Crosby, H. T. (Howard T.), 1880-1928","Ross, Howard D. (Howard DeHaven), b. 1872","Miller, Robert W., 1890-1943","Hassan, A. A. (Addison A.), b. ca.1857- d.1935","Eckersley, J. H. (James H.), b. ca. 1857- d.1921","Browne, Hugh C.","Harrison, D. B. (Duncan B.), Major","Scott, Temple, b. 1864","Glasgow, William A. (William Anderson), Jr., 1865-1930","Jones, Frank Cazenove, Sr., 1857-1918","Loos, Henry B. (Henry Beatty), 1892-1918","Rogers, James H. (James Hague), 1848-1919","Thompson, J. Clayton (John Clayton), b. 1874","Bielaski, A. Bruce (Alexander Bruce), 1851-1926","Du Pont Perot, Eleanor Ball, 1875-1934","Cate, Isaac M., 1838-1923","Lewis, Howard Benton, 1867-1946","Penington, Robert, b. 1874","Miles, Joshua W. (Joshua Weldon), 1858-1929","Vale, Ruby Ross, 1874-1961","Harriman, J. W. (Joseph Wright), 1867-1949","Eyre, James K. (James Kline), 1882-1956","Cochran, Thomas, 1871-1936","Archibald, S. G. (Samuel G.), Judge, b. 1875","Harvey, Holstein, 1847-1920","Price, Francis A., 1857-1937","Price, Frederick Somers, b. 1886","Dennison, Ethan Allen, 1881-1954","Davis, Curtis E., 1866-1935","Ball, Edward G. (Edward Gresham), 1888-1981","Phillips, H. R. (Henry Rodney), 1858-1929","Duveen, C. J. (Charles Joel), 1871-1940","Frishmuth, Harriet Whitney, 1880-1980","Novack, David Robert","Stow, Marcellus Henry","Hibbard, Harriet H., 1868-1941","Thomson, Arthur","Campbell, Donald, 1879-1948","Curtis, Chas. (Charles) M., b. 1860","Oliver, Howard T. (Howard Taylor), 1887-1969","McLean, Colin, 1844-1916","Mathewson, S. 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