{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1803\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=38","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1803\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=37","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1803\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=39","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1803\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=42"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":38,"next_page":39,"prev_page":37,"total_pages":42,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":370,"total_count":414,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series IV: Deeds, 1795/1854","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04","ref_ssm":["vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04"],"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04","ead_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","_root_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","_nest_parent_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","parent_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","parent_ssim":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series IV: Deeds","title_ssm":["Series IV: Deeds"],"title_tesim":["Series IV: Deeds"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series IV: Deeds, 1795/1854"],"text":["Series IV: Deeds, 1795/1854","Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999","Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1795/1854"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1795-1854"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":51,"repository_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library"],"collection_ssim":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to researchers without restrictions. Researchers must register and agree to all copyright laws and archives policies before using the collection. Please contact the Shenandoah County Library before visiting to use this collection."],"date_range_isim":[1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_cd15ce6a2105971804c31fc54c1afa31\"\u003eDeeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","ead_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","_root_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","_nest_parent_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/SCL/repositories_2_resources_41.xml","title_ssm":["Herb Parker Collection"],"title_tesim":["Herb Parker Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1795-1999"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1795-1999"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1795/1999"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"text":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999","2015-0019","/repositories/2/resources/41","Shenandoah County (Va.)","New Market (Va)","Mt. Jackson (Va.)","Orkney Springs (Va)","Basye (Va)","Edinburg (Va)","Woodstock (Va)","Toms Brook (Va)","Fort Valley (Va.)","Endless Caverns (Va)","Churches - Virginia - Shenandoah County","This collection is open to researchers without restrictions. Researchers must register and agree to all copyright laws and archives policies before using the collection. Please contact the Shenandoah County Library before visiting to use this collection.","This collection is organized into seven (7) series, grouped by subject and primarily organized by date:","Series I: Politics and Elections, 1887-1995 (Box 1 and Map Case Drawer D, Folders 10 and 11)","Series II: Fort Valley History, 1828-1999 (Box 1)","Series III: Church History, 1859-1995 (Box 1)","Series IV: Deeds, 1795-1854 (Box 2)","Series V: Shenandoah County History, 1872-1977 (Box 2)","Series VI: Documents, 1895-ca. 1988 (Box 2)","Series VII: Water, 1981-1990 (Box 2)","\"Herbert Parker Obituary,\" The Boston Globe, accessed July 25, 2025, https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/herbert-parker-obituary?id=25989614.","Herbert \"Herb\" Parker was a beloved member of the Fort Valley community. He was the brother of Harriet P. Hofheinz, of Cambridge, MA, and was the uncle of Dr. Fritz Hofheinz of Winchester and Dene Hofheinz Lee of Mountclair, NJ. He was an active member of community organizations, including the Shenandoah County Library, and a collector of local historical items. His local history collections were donated to the Shenandoah County Library when he passed.","Series names were created by the donor. Some items were transferred from notebook to archives.","The Herb Parker Collection includes 107 folders of various documents and two oversize folders. They are stored in two boxes and two folders in the archive's map case.","The collection is organized into the following seven (7) series:","Series I: Politics and Elections contains various documents relating to political life in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1887-1995 and are primarily sorted chronologically.","Series II: Fort Valley History contains various documents relating to Fort Valley history, including articles and a letter. They are dated 1828-1999 and sorted chronologically with undated items at the back.","Series III: Church History contains various documents relating to church history of various churches in Shenandoah County, including minutes, by-monthly, picture cards, and more. They are dated 1859-1995 and are sorted chronologically.","Series IV: Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back.","Series V: Shenandoah County History, contains a variety of documents relating to Shenandoah County history, including a letter, a written history, and more. They are dated 1872-1977 and are primarily sorted chronologically with undated items at the back.","Series VI: Documents contains miscellaneous documents, including a letter, a methods and standards manual, and more. They are dated 1895-ca. 1988 and are primarily sorted chronologically with the methods and standards manual at the back.","Series VII: Water contains various documents relating to water and contamination in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1981-1990.","A collection of deeds, historic information, research, and other documents relating to Shenandoah County history donated by Herb Parker. These items are dated from 1795-1999 and focus on a range of subjects, including Shenandoah County history, local politics and elections, church history, deeds, water-related documents, and miscellaneous documents.","Shenandoah County Library, Truban Archives","Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"collection_ssim":["Herb Parker Collection, 1795/1999"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2015-0019","/repositories/2/resources/41"],"unitid_tesim":["2015-0019","/repositories/2/resources/41"],"repository_ssm":["Shenandoah County Library"],"repository_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Shenandoah County (Va.)","New Market (Va)","Mt. Jackson (Va.)","Orkney Springs (Va)","Basye (Va)","Edinburg (Va)","Woodstock (Va)","Toms Brook (Va)","Fort Valley (Va.)","Endless Caverns (Va)"],"geogname_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.)","New Market (Va)","Mt. Jackson (Va.)","Orkney Springs (Va)","Basye (Va)","Edinburg (Va)","Woodstock (Va)","Toms Brook (Va)","Fort Valley (Va.)","Endless Caverns (Va)"],"places_ssim":["Shenandoah County (Va.)","New Market (Va)","Mt. Jackson (Va.)","Orkney Springs (Va)","Basye (Va)","Edinburg (Va)","Woodstock (Va)","Toms Brook (Va)","Fort Valley (Va.)","Endless Caverns (Va)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Herb Parker in 2005 and 2006."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Churches - Virginia - Shenandoah County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Churches - Virginia - Shenandoah County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet Two boxes, 107 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet Two boxes, 107 folders"],"date_range_isim":[1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to researchers without restrictions. Researchers must register and agree to all copyright laws and archives policies before using the collection. Please contact the Shenandoah County Library before visiting to use this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to researchers without restrictions. Researchers must register and agree to all copyright laws and archives policies before using the collection. Please contact the Shenandoah County Library before visiting to use this collection."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into seven (7) series, grouped by subject and primarily organized by date:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Politics and Elections, 1887-1995 (Box 1 and Map Case Drawer D, Folders 10 and 11)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Fort Valley History, 1828-1999 (Box 1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Church History, 1859-1995 (Box 1)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Deeds, 1795-1854 (Box 2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Shenandoah County History, 1872-1977 (Box 2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Documents, 1895-ca. 1988 (Box 2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Water, 1981-1990 (Box 2)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into seven (7) series, grouped by subject and primarily organized by date:","Series I: Politics and Elections, 1887-1995 (Box 1 and Map Case Drawer D, Folders 10 and 11)","Series II: Fort Valley History, 1828-1999 (Box 1)","Series III: Church History, 1859-1995 (Box 1)","Series IV: Deeds, 1795-1854 (Box 2)","Series V: Shenandoah County History, 1872-1977 (Box 2)","Series VI: Documents, 1895-ca. 1988 (Box 2)","Series VII: Water, 1981-1990 (Box 2)"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Herbert Parker Obituary,\" The Boston Globe, accessed July 25, 2025, https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/herbert-parker-obituary?id=25989614.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Herbert Parker Obituary,\" The Boston Globe, accessed July 25, 2025, https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/bostonglobe/name/herbert-parker-obituary?id=25989614."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHerbert \"Herb\" Parker was a beloved member of the Fort Valley community. He was the brother of Harriet P. Hofheinz, of Cambridge, MA, and was the uncle of Dr. Fritz Hofheinz of Winchester and Dene Hofheinz Lee of Mountclair, NJ. He was an active member of community organizations, including the Shenandoah County Library, and a collector of local historical items. His local history collections were donated to the Shenandoah County Library when he passed.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Herbert \"Herb\" Parker was a beloved member of the Fort Valley community. He was the brother of Harriet P. Hofheinz, of Cambridge, MA, and was the uncle of Dr. Fritz Hofheinz of Winchester and Dene Hofheinz Lee of Mountclair, NJ. He was an active member of community organizations, including the Shenandoah County Library, and a collector of local historical items. His local history collections were donated to the Shenandoah County Library when he passed."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Herb Parker Collection, 1795-1999, Truban Archives, Shenandoah County Library, Edinburg, Virginia, USA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Herb Parker Collection, 1795-1999, Truban Archives, Shenandoah County Library, Edinburg, Virginia, USA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries names were created by the donor. Some items were transferred from notebook to archives.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Series names were created by the donor. Some items were transferred from notebook to archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Herb Parker Collection includes 107 folders of various documents and two oversize folders. They are stored in two boxes and two folders in the archive's map case.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into the following seven (7) series:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Politics and Elections contains various documents relating to political life in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1887-1995 and are primarily sorted chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Fort Valley History contains various documents relating to Fort Valley history, including articles and a letter. They are dated 1828-1999 and sorted chronologically with undated items at the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Church History contains various documents relating to church history of various churches in Shenandoah County, including minutes, by-monthly, picture cards, and more. They are dated 1859-1995 and are sorted chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: Shenandoah County History, contains a variety of documents relating to Shenandoah County history, including a letter, a written history, and more. They are dated 1872-1977 and are primarily sorted chronologically with undated items at the back. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Documents contains miscellaneous documents, including a letter, a methods and standards manual, and more. They are dated 1895-ca. 1988 and are primarily sorted chronologically with the methods and standards manual at the back.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Water contains various documents relating to water and contamination in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1981-1990.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Herb Parker Collection includes 107 folders of various documents and two oversize folders. They are stored in two boxes and two folders in the archive's map case.","The collection is organized into the following seven (7) series:","Series I: Politics and Elections contains various documents relating to political life in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1887-1995 and are primarily sorted chronologically.","Series II: Fort Valley History contains various documents relating to Fort Valley history, including articles and a letter. They are dated 1828-1999 and sorted chronologically with undated items at the back.","Series III: Church History contains various documents relating to church history of various churches in Shenandoah County, including minutes, by-monthly, picture cards, and more. They are dated 1859-1995 and are sorted chronologically.","Series IV: Deeds contains deeds between various individuals. They are dated 1795-1854 and are sorted chronologically, with an undated list of landowners at the back.","Series V: Shenandoah County History, contains a variety of documents relating to Shenandoah County history, including a letter, a written history, and more. They are dated 1872-1977 and are primarily sorted chronologically with undated items at the back.","Series VI: Documents contains miscellaneous documents, including a letter, a methods and standards manual, and more. They are dated 1895-ca. 1988 and are primarily sorted chronologically with the methods and standards manual at the back.","Series VII: Water contains various documents relating to water and contamination in Shenandoah County. They are dated 1981-1990."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_880dd730099618eb481b643df499d48b\"\u003eA collection of deeds, historic information, research, and other documents relating to Shenandoah County history donated by Herb Parker. These items are dated from 1795-1999 and focus on a range of subjects, including Shenandoah County history, local politics and elections, church history, deeds, water-related documents, and miscellaneous documents.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["A collection of deeds, historic information, research, and other documents relating to Shenandoah County history donated by Herb Parker. These items are dated from 1795-1999 and focus on a range of subjects, including Shenandoah County history, local politics and elections, church history, deeds, water-related documents, and miscellaneous documents."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5846326c487bf049cc05828e4dda7d76\"\u003eShenandoah County Library, Truban Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Shenandoah County Library, Truban Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"names_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":116,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_41_c04"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series IV: Meetings, 1794/2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","parent_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series IV: Meetings","title_ssm":["Series IV: Meetings"],"title_tesim":["Series IV: Meetings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series IV: Meetings, 1794/2003"],"text":["Series IV: Meetings, 1794/2003","Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","English","The meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.","The bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.","After 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.","Bylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.","The unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2003"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":25,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|6be8ecf3-e13c-4657-a7cb-262a9f1f4a59/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAfter 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The meetings series consists chiefly of bound and unbound minutes from the Alexandria Library Company and its successors.","The bound minutes cover the early Library Company from 1794 to its last meeting in 1879, the Alexandria Library Association and Library Society from 1897 through its loss of control of the library in the late 1947, and the Society and modern Library Company from 1948 to 1993.","After 1937, there are two minute books, one for the \"executive board,\" which ran the library, and the other for the Library Society and later Library Company which appointed some of its members. The 1938-1947 executive board minutes are included in the microfilm copy of the older bound volumes, but the original is located in Ms 98.","Bylaws, agreements, financial, and membership information often appear in the records, as do records of elections. In some periods, annual reports are pasted into the minute books, which like a lot of library business, was printed in the Gazette.","The unbound meeting records cover the modern period of the Library Company and contain minutes, announcements of meetings, and notes, although for the earlier periods the minutes are merely photocopies of the bound volumes as indicated by page numbers."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128_c04"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series IV: Miscellaneous, 1787/1906","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous and oversize items. Included are membership certificates for the Daughters of the American Revolution, a land indenture, and family trees for the Claiborne's of England and America and the Harrison's of James River. The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","parent_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_256"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series IV: Miscellaneous","title_ssm":["Series IV: Miscellaneous"],"title_tesim":["Series IV: Miscellaneous"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series IV: Miscellaneous, 1787/1906"],"text":["Series IV: Miscellaneous, 1787/1906","Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907","This series contains miscellaneous and oversize items. Included are membership certificates for the Daughters of the American Revolution, a land indenture, and family trees for the Claiborne's of England and America and the Harrison's of James River. The series is arranged chronologically."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1906"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1787-1906, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":26,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains miscellaneous and oversize items. Included are membership certificates for the Daughters of the American Revolution, a land indenture, and family trees for the Claiborne's of England and America and the Harrison's of James River. The series is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains miscellaneous and oversize items. Included are membership certificates for the Daughters of the American Revolution, a land indenture, and family trees for the Claiborne's of England and America and the Harrison's of James River. The series is arranged chronologically."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_256","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_256.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/256","title_filing_ssi":"Skewis, Eloise Word","title_ssm":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers"],"title_tesim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1777-1907, undated","Date acquired: 06/23/1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1777-1907, undated"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 06/23/1978"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/1907"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"text":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907","MG 30","/repositories/5/resources/256","Families--New England--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--19th century","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","Additional accessions in 1998 and 2000.","The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.","The dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.","The Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.","The first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.","Note written by Special Collections Staff","The collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","This collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia.","ODU Community Collections","Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family","Skewis, Eloise Word","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"collection_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis Papers, 1777/1907"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 30","/repositories/5/resources/256"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 30","/repositories/5/resources/256"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"creator_ssm":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creator_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"creators_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word","ODU Community Collections","Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Eloise Word Skewis","Gift. Accession #78-38"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Families--New England--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--19th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Families--New England--History--19th century","Families--Virginia--History--19th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.10 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box, 1 poster tube boxes"],"extent_tesim":["2.10 Linear Feet","1 Hollinger document case, 1 oversized box, 1 poster tube boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional accessions in 1998 and 2000.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional accessions in 1998 and 2000."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into four series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Business Papers; Series III: Newspaper Clippings; and Series IV: Miscellaneous."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Special Collections Staff\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The dominant family branch for Eloise Word Skewis are the Claiborne family of New England and America. Other branches include the Kilby and the Harrison families of the James River.","The Claiborne family of England and America are an ancient family that derived its name from the manor of Cleburne or Cliborne in Westmoreland, England, near the river of Eden. The manor is named in the Doomsday Book (A.D.1086), and the family were for many generations lords of this place. The first of the line appearing in pedigrees is Hervey, to whom Henry II granted moiety of the manor of Cliborne.","The first of the Claiborne line to come to America was William Claiborne. He was born about 1587 and is first noticed in June 1621, when the Virginia Company engaged him to go to Virginia as surveyor. William came to Virginia with Governor Wyatt in 1621. In 1625 Governor Yeardley appointed him Secretary of State for the Colony and member of the Council. In 1642, the King appointed William as Treasurer of Virginia for life. He held several other public offices throughout his life. In 1631, William created a trading settlement on Kent Island in the Chesapeake. There he held many business contacts with several persons in London.","Note written by Special Collections Staff"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Eloise Word Skewis Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Eloise Word Skewis Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains personal and business correspondence, legal documents, newspaper clippings, and other personal and business papers. For genealogists, the collection also includes family trees for the Claiborne and the Harrison families of Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2552fbfd08c890ba27147cf89b73b1d2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection includes correspondence, newspaper clippings, receipts, statement of accounts, currency, bonds, and indentures. Of note is genealogical material that relate to the Claiborne and Kilby families of Virginia."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections"],"famname_ssim":["Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"names_coll_ssim":["Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family"],"persname_ssim":["Skewis, Eloise Word"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Claiborne family","Kilby family","Harrison family","Skewis, Eloise Word"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":39,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:33.091Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_256_c04"}},{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material, 1780/2017","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01","ref_ssm":["vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01"],"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","parent_ssim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material","title_ssm":["Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material"],"title_tesim":["Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material, 1780/2017"],"text":["Series I: Wilson Genealogy, Family Papers, and Biographical Material, 1780/2017","Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1780/2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1780-2017"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other\ninformation about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.","The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study,\npursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials,\nincluding but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.","This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under\nfederal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certaininformation pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"date_range_isim":[1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_ssi":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","_root_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","_nest_parent_":"vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/HSC/repositories_2_resources_2.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://archivespace.hsc.edu:8081/ark:/45832/41","title_filing_ssi":"Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers","title_ssm":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1945/2017"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1945/2017"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1945/2017"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"text":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017","SC.000101","Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College","United States Army","Military history","Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.","This collection is divided into 11 Series: \n\n01: Wilson genealogy, family papers, and biographical material, 1780/2017\n02: Miscellaneous subjects related to Wilson's life and career\n03: World War II and Vietnam\n04: Wilson correspondence and other papers\n05: Speeches and writings\n06: Financial papers\n07: Miscellaneous writings and publications\n08: Teaching and course materials\n09: Photographs and scrapbooks\n10: Audiovisual materials\n11: Memorabilia and oversize items","General Samuel Vaughan Wilson was a highly decorated veteran of World War II, Cold War intelligence officer, commander in Vietnam, and president of Hampden-Sydney College for eight years. Wilson spent more than 35 years working for the United States military, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant general. Over the course of his career, General Wilson worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency and played a prominent role in formulating the army's counter-insurgency (COIN) doctrine.","Wilson was born September 23, 1923 in Rice, Virginia. He was the son of Jasper Dennis \"Cap'n Jack\" Wilson (1879-1959) and Helen Wilson (1893-1955). Sam's family had deep roots in rural Virginia and the Prince Edward County area. After graduating from high school in 1940, and inspired by a speech by Winston Churchill, Sam enlisted in the Virginia National Guard, though he lied about his age in order to enter the service (originally as a bugler). He quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a second lieutenant by the age of 18.","During World War II, Sam volunteered for the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), better known as \"Merrill's Marauders.\" The Marauders gained fame in what was then Burma. The 3,000 man force fought Japanese troops behind the lines with the help of English, Indian, and Burmese forces. The Marauders suffered more than 95% casualties. Sam was among those who were wounded, killed, or who fell ill in the tropical and mountainous conditions. He served only a few months in the Marauders, but his experiences were formative. He won the respect of his men for his scouting missions, which often found him miles ahead of Japanese forces. For his conduct, Sam was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, but he had to wait years to get it. Later, Sam served as a historical advisor to the 1962 Sam Fuller film Merrill's Marauders and had a speaking role in the movie.","After the war, Sam joined the ranks of U.S. intelligence, tasked with containing communism and maintaining the balance of power in Europe. Sam was a student at Columbia University, where, as an officer in OSS (Office of Strategic Services), he studied Russia and Russian history. He became fluent in Russian and German and later spoke other languages as well. Despite his intelligence and accomplishments, Sam never obtained a college degree, though later in life he received various honorary degrees.","In the 1950s, now a major, Wilson worked in Germany as a spy, a job that not only put his life in danger, but placed extraordinary pressure on his family, who traveled with him. Nevertheless, by the 1950s, Sam's career had established a pattern: he would travel across the globe, while also working for long stretches in the United States. Over the course of his career, he served at various military posts, including Fort Bragg, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Benning.","In the early 1960s, Colonel Wilson worked with Ed Lansdale in Washington, D.C., to formulate the United States' counterinsurgeny doctrine. In Vietnam, Sam would help implement this doctrine. Sam believed the war against communism could not be won in Vietnam without the support of the local population. Winning the \"hearts and minds\" of civilians, therefore, was essential to victory. Eventually, Sam was put in charge of pacification efforts in Long An province in 1967. He served in that capacity for several months before returning to the States in late 1967 to teach Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Decades later, Sam served as a commentator for Ken Burns's critically acclaimed documentary on the Vietnam War.","Sam continued to rise in the ranks, earning promotion to major general and then lieutenant general before retiring in 1977. He spent extended periods of time in the 1970s in the Soviet Union as an intelligence officer. He also developed close relationships with men in government such as George H. W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld. Sam's last post was as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. His decision to retire was not just for his benefit, but done out of concern for the health of his wife, Brenda.","After retiring from the military, at the behest of his friend Earl \"Frosty\" Lockwood, Sam worked as a consultant for the small, D.C. area intelligence firm Betac. Despite pressure from some admirers, Sam mostly kept out of politics and avoided calls for running for office. He spent most of his time on his farm and taught college courses on politics and government at Longwood University and HSC. A man of faith, he also taught Sunday School in the Farmville area. A warm and outgoing man who liked to tell stories, Sam was an accomplished musician, who liked to play piano and guitar for the many visitors to the farm.","In 1992, Sam was chosen to be president of Hampden-Sydney College and served in the position until 2000. As president, one of Sam's first accomplishments was refurbishing campus buildings that had fallen into disrepair. He also was responsible for significantly growing the HSC endowment. In 1996, HSC gained national attention for its decision, after a long and highly publicized debate, the college chose to remain an all-male college. Sam was also responsible for bringing many celebrities to campus for major events. In 1993, HSC held a symposium on the Vietnam War attended by General William Westmoreland, film director Oliver Stone, and journalist Morley Safer, among others. Other celebrities that visited during Sam's tenure included actor James Earl Jones, authors Doris Goodwin and Tom Clancy, and controversial former military officer and aspiring politician Oliver North.","After retiring from the presidency, Sam continued to teach and remain active in the Farmville area. He worked with HSC undergraduate Drew Prehmus to complete the biography \"General Sam.\" Sam died on June 10, 2017 of lung cancer at the age of 93.","Sam was married twice, the first time to Frances Brenda Downing (1926-1987), whom Sam met while stationed at Fort Benning shortly after the war. They had four children: Sam Jr. (1946-), Susi (1949- ), Jackson (1952-), and David (1957-). After the death of Brenda in 1987, Sam remarried to Susi Wilson (born Virginia Howton), who was herself a native of the South and an officer in the U.S. military.","Processed by: Colin E. Woodward, 2019/2021; machine-readable finding aid created by: Colin E. Woodward, 2021 July; additions to finding aid by: Sarah Almond, 2021 October-2022 February.","This collection contains the entirety of General Samuel Vaughan Wilson's personal and professional papers, as donated to Hampden-Sydney College by his widow in 2019. Topics include the Vietnam and Second World Wars, the development of the United States of America's intelligence and counter-intelligence communities, military strategy, and Wilson's role as president of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 until 2000.","The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other\ninformation about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.","The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study,\npursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials,\nincluding but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.","This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under\nfederal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certaininformation pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.","Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"collection_ssim":["Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, 1945/2017"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC.000101"],"unitid_tesim":["SC.000101"],"repository_ssm":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"repository_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssm":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"geogname_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"places_ssim":["Prince Edward County (Va.)","Hampden-Sydney College"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)","Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other\ninformation about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.","The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study,\npursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials,\nincluding but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.","This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under\nfederal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certaininformation pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"access_subjects_ssim":["United States Army","Military history"],"access_subjects_ssm":["United States Army","Military history"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["140 Linear Feet 270 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["140 Linear Feet 270 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Military history"],"date_range_isim":[1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access to Materials"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research; access requires at least 48 hours advance notice. Because of the nature of certain archival formats, including digital and audio-visual materials, access will require additional advanced notice. Copies of digital files will be provided for use upon request."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is divided into 11 Series: \u003cbr\u003e\n\u003cbr\u003e\n01: Wilson genealogy, family papers, and biographical material, 1780/2017\u003cbr\u003e\n02: Miscellaneous subjects related to Wilson's life and career\u003cbr\u003e\n03: World War II and Vietnam\u003cbr\u003e\n04: Wilson correspondence and other papers\u003cbr\u003e\n05: Speeches and writings\u003cbr\u003e\n06: Financial papers\u003cbr\u003e\n07: Miscellaneous writings and publications\u003cbr\u003e\n08: Teaching and course materials\u003cbr\u003e\n09: Photographs and scrapbooks\u003cbr\u003e\n10: Audiovisual materials\u003cbr\u003e\n11: Memorabilia and oversize items\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is divided into 11 Series: \n\n01: Wilson genealogy, family papers, and biographical material, 1780/2017\n02: Miscellaneous subjects related to Wilson's life and career\n03: World War II and Vietnam\n04: Wilson correspondence and other papers\n05: Speeches and writings\n06: Financial papers\n07: Miscellaneous writings and publications\n08: Teaching and course materials\n09: Photographs and scrapbooks\n10: Audiovisual materials\n11: Memorabilia and oversize items"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeneral Samuel Vaughan Wilson was a highly decorated veteran of World War II, Cold War intelligence officer, commander in Vietnam, and president of Hampden-Sydney College for eight years. Wilson spent more than 35 years working for the United States military, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant general. Over the course of his career, General Wilson worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency and played a prominent role in formulating the army's counter-insurgency (COIN) doctrine.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWilson was born September 23, 1923 in Rice, Virginia. He was the son of Jasper Dennis \"Cap'n Jack\" Wilson (1879-1959) and Helen Wilson (1893-1955). Sam's family had deep roots in rural Virginia and the Prince Edward County area. After graduating from high school in 1940, and inspired by a speech by Winston Churchill, Sam enlisted in the Virginia National Guard, though he lied about his age in order to enter the service (originally as a bugler). He quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a second lieutenant by the age of 18.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Sam volunteered for the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), better known as \"Merrill's Marauders.\" The Marauders gained fame in what was then Burma. The 3,000 man force fought Japanese troops behind the lines with the help of English, Indian, and Burmese forces. The Marauders suffered more than 95% casualties. Sam was among those who were wounded, killed, or who fell ill in the tropical and mountainous conditions. He served only a few months in the Marauders, but his experiences were formative. He won the respect of his men for his scouting missions, which often found him miles ahead of Japanese forces. For his conduct, Sam was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, but he had to wait years to get it. Later, Sam served as a historical advisor to the 1962 Sam Fuller film Merrill's Marauders and had a speaking role in the movie.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the war, Sam joined the ranks of U.S. intelligence, tasked with containing communism and maintaining the balance of power in Europe. Sam was a student at Columbia University, where, as an officer in OSS (Office of Strategic Services), he studied Russia and Russian history. He became fluent in Russian and German and later spoke other languages as well. Despite his intelligence and accomplishments, Sam never obtained a college degree, though later in life he received various honorary degrees.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the 1950s, now a major, Wilson worked in Germany as a spy, a job that not only put his life in danger, but placed extraordinary pressure on his family, who traveled with him. Nevertheless, by the 1950s, Sam's career had established a pattern: he would travel across the globe, while also working for long stretches in the United States. Over the course of his career, he served at various military posts, including Fort Bragg, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Benning.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the early 1960s, Colonel Wilson worked with Ed Lansdale in Washington, D.C., to formulate the United States' counterinsurgeny doctrine. In Vietnam, Sam would help implement this doctrine. Sam believed the war against communism could not be won in Vietnam without the support of the local population. Winning the \"hearts and minds\" of civilians, therefore, was essential to victory. Eventually, Sam was put in charge of pacification efforts in Long An province in 1967. He served in that capacity for several months before returning to the States in late 1967 to teach Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Decades later, Sam served as a commentator for Ken Burns's critically acclaimed documentary on the Vietnam War.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSam continued to rise in the ranks, earning promotion to major general and then lieutenant general before retiring in 1977. He spent extended periods of time in the 1970s in the Soviet Union as an intelligence officer. He also developed close relationships with men in government such as George H. W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld. Sam's last post was as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. His decision to retire was not just for his benefit, but done out of concern for the health of his wife, Brenda.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter retiring from the military, at the behest of his friend Earl \"Frosty\" Lockwood, Sam worked as a consultant for the small, D.C. area intelligence firm Betac. Despite pressure from some admirers, Sam mostly kept out of politics and avoided calls for running for office. He spent most of his time on his farm and taught college courses on politics and government at Longwood University and HSC. A man of faith, he also taught Sunday School in the Farmville area. A warm and outgoing man who liked to tell stories, Sam was an accomplished musician, who liked to play piano and guitar for the many visitors to the farm.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1992, Sam was chosen to be president of Hampden-Sydney College and served in the position until 2000. As president, one of Sam's first accomplishments was refurbishing campus buildings that had fallen into disrepair. He also was responsible for significantly growing the HSC endowment. In 1996, HSC gained national attention for its decision, after a long and highly publicized debate, the college chose to remain an all-male college. Sam was also responsible for bringing many celebrities to campus for major events. In 1993, HSC held a symposium on the Vietnam War attended by General William Westmoreland, film director Oliver Stone, and journalist Morley Safer, among others. Other celebrities that visited during Sam's tenure included actor James Earl Jones, authors Doris Goodwin and Tom Clancy, and controversial former military officer and aspiring politician Oliver North.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter retiring from the presidency, Sam continued to teach and remain active in the Farmville area. He worked with HSC undergraduate Drew Prehmus to complete the biography \"General Sam.\" Sam died on June 10, 2017 of lung cancer at the age of 93. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSam was married twice, the first time to Frances Brenda Downing (1926-1987), whom Sam met while stationed at Fort Benning shortly after the war. They had four children: Sam Jr. (1946-), Susi (1949- ), Jackson (1952-), and David (1957-). After the death of Brenda in 1987, Sam remarried to Susi Wilson (born Virginia Howton), who was herself a native of the South and an officer in the U.S. military.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["General Samuel Vaughan Wilson was a highly decorated veteran of World War II, Cold War intelligence officer, commander in Vietnam, and president of Hampden-Sydney College for eight years. Wilson spent more than 35 years working for the United States military, eventually rising to the rank of lieutenant general. Over the course of his career, General Wilson worked for the Central Intelligence Agency and the Defense Intelligence Agency and played a prominent role in formulating the army's counter-insurgency (COIN) doctrine.","Wilson was born September 23, 1923 in Rice, Virginia. He was the son of Jasper Dennis \"Cap'n Jack\" Wilson (1879-1959) and Helen Wilson (1893-1955). Sam's family had deep roots in rural Virginia and the Prince Edward County area. After graduating from high school in 1940, and inspired by a speech by Winston Churchill, Sam enlisted in the Virginia National Guard, though he lied about his age in order to enter the service (originally as a bugler). He quickly rose through the ranks, becoming a second lieutenant by the age of 18.","During World War II, Sam volunteered for the 5307th Composite Unit (Provisional), better known as \"Merrill's Marauders.\" The Marauders gained fame in what was then Burma. The 3,000 man force fought Japanese troops behind the lines with the help of English, Indian, and Burmese forces. The Marauders suffered more than 95% casualties. Sam was among those who were wounded, killed, or who fell ill in the tropical and mountainous conditions. He served only a few months in the Marauders, but his experiences were formative. He won the respect of his men for his scouting missions, which often found him miles ahead of Japanese forces. For his conduct, Sam was awarded the Distinguished Service Cross, but he had to wait years to get it. Later, Sam served as a historical advisor to the 1962 Sam Fuller film Merrill's Marauders and had a speaking role in the movie.","After the war, Sam joined the ranks of U.S. intelligence, tasked with containing communism and maintaining the balance of power in Europe. Sam was a student at Columbia University, where, as an officer in OSS (Office of Strategic Services), he studied Russia and Russian history. He became fluent in Russian and German and later spoke other languages as well. Despite his intelligence and accomplishments, Sam never obtained a college degree, though later in life he received various honorary degrees.","In the 1950s, now a major, Wilson worked in Germany as a spy, a job that not only put his life in danger, but placed extraordinary pressure on his family, who traveled with him. Nevertheless, by the 1950s, Sam's career had established a pattern: he would travel across the globe, while also working for long stretches in the United States. Over the course of his career, he served at various military posts, including Fort Bragg, Fort Leavenworth, and Fort Benning.","In the early 1960s, Colonel Wilson worked with Ed Lansdale in Washington, D.C., to formulate the United States' counterinsurgeny doctrine. In Vietnam, Sam would help implement this doctrine. Sam believed the war against communism could not be won in Vietnam without the support of the local population. Winning the \"hearts and minds\" of civilians, therefore, was essential to victory. Eventually, Sam was put in charge of pacification efforts in Long An province in 1967. He served in that capacity for several months before returning to the States in late 1967 to teach Special Forces at Fort Bragg. Decades later, Sam served as a commentator for Ken Burns's critically acclaimed documentary on the Vietnam War.","Sam continued to rise in the ranks, earning promotion to major general and then lieutenant general before retiring in 1977. He spent extended periods of time in the 1970s in the Soviet Union as an intelligence officer. He also developed close relationships with men in government such as George H. W. Bush and Donald Rumsfeld. Sam's last post was as director of the Defense Intelligence Agency. His decision to retire was not just for his benefit, but done out of concern for the health of his wife, Brenda.","After retiring from the military, at the behest of his friend Earl \"Frosty\" Lockwood, Sam worked as a consultant for the small, D.C. area intelligence firm Betac. Despite pressure from some admirers, Sam mostly kept out of politics and avoided calls for running for office. He spent most of his time on his farm and taught college courses on politics and government at Longwood University and HSC. A man of faith, he also taught Sunday School in the Farmville area. A warm and outgoing man who liked to tell stories, Sam was an accomplished musician, who liked to play piano and guitar for the many visitors to the farm.","In 1992, Sam was chosen to be president of Hampden-Sydney College and served in the position until 2000. As president, one of Sam's first accomplishments was refurbishing campus buildings that had fallen into disrepair. He also was responsible for significantly growing the HSC endowment. In 1996, HSC gained national attention for its decision, after a long and highly publicized debate, the college chose to remain an all-male college. Sam was also responsible for bringing many celebrities to campus for major events. In 1993, HSC held a symposium on the Vietnam War attended by General William Westmoreland, film director Oliver Stone, and journalist Morley Safer, among others. Other celebrities that visited during Sam's tenure included actor James Earl Jones, authors Doris Goodwin and Tom Clancy, and controversial former military officer and aspiring politician Oliver North.","After retiring from the presidency, Sam continued to teach and remain active in the Farmville area. He worked with HSC undergraduate Drew Prehmus to complete the biography \"General Sam.\" Sam died on June 10, 2017 of lung cancer at the age of 93.","Sam was married twice, the first time to Frances Brenda Downing (1926-1987), whom Sam met while stationed at Fort Benning shortly after the war. They had four children: Sam Jr. (1946-), Susi (1949- ), Jackson (1952-), and David (1957-). After the death of Brenda in 1987, Sam remarried to Susi Wilson (born Virginia Howton), who was herself a native of the South and an officer in the U.S. military."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, SC 000101, Hampden-Sydney College Archives\nand Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Samuel Vaughan Wilson Papers, SC 000101, Hampden-Sydney College Archives\nand Special Collections, Hampden-Sydney, VA"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by: Colin E. Woodward, 2019/2021; machine-readable finding aid created by: Colin E. Woodward, 2021 July; additions to finding aid by: Sarah Almond, 2021 October-2022 February.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by: Colin E. Woodward, 2019/2021; machine-readable finding aid created by: Colin E. Woodward, 2021 July; additions to finding aid by: Sarah Almond, 2021 October-2022 February."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the entirety of General Samuel Vaughan Wilson's personal and professional papers, as donated to Hampden-Sydney College by his widow in 2019. Topics include the Vietnam and Second World Wars, the development of the United States of America's intelligence and counter-intelligence communities, military strategy, and Wilson's role as president of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 until 2000.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the entirety of General Samuel Vaughan Wilson's personal and professional papers, as donated to Hampden-Sydney College by his widow in 2019. Topics include the Vietnam and Second World Wars, the development of the United States of America's intelligence and counter-intelligence communities, military strategy, and Wilson's role as president of Hampden-Sydney College from 1992 until 2000."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other\ninformation about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study,\npursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials,\nincluding but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under\nfederal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certaininformation pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use of these materials"],"userestrict_tesim":["The nature of the Hampden-Sydney College Archives and Special Collections means that copyright or other\ninformation about restrictions may be difficult or even impossible to determine depsite reasonable efforts. As a result, Hampden-Sydney College claims only physical ownership of most Special Collections materials.","The materials from our collections are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study,\npursuant to U.S. Copyright law. The user must assume full responsibility for any use of the materials,\nincluding but not limited to, infringement of copyright and publication rights of reproduced materials. Any materials used for academic research or otherwise should be fully credited with the source.","This collection may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under\nfederal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers are advised that the disclosure of certaininformation pertaining to identifiable living individuals represented in this collection without the consent of those individuals may have legal ramifications (e.g. cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may arise if facts concerning and individual's private life are published that would be deemed highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the College assumes no responsibility."],"corpname_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections"],"persname_ssim":["Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)"],"names_ssim":["Hampden-Sydney College Archives \u0026 Special Collections","Wilson, Samuel (Samuel Vaughan)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":4080,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:36:33.766Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihdsc_repositories_2_resources_2_c01"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series V: Bound Volumes, 1773/1929","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05","ref_ssm":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05"],"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","parent_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","parent_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series V: Bound Volumes","title_ssm":["Series V: Bound Volumes"],"title_tesim":["Series V: Bound Volumes"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series V: Bound Volumes, 1773/1929"],"text":["Series V: Bound Volumes, 1773/1929","Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1773/1929"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1773-1929"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":364,"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"collection_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"date_range_isim":[1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_12.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12","title_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"title_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1865-1949"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1865-1949"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1865/1949"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"text":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949","MS072","Americanization.","Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council","This collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates.","Helen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups.","This collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.","The correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book.","Photos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"collection_ssim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072), 1865/1949"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS072"],"unitid_tesim":["MS072"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Americanization."],"geogname_ssim":["Americanization."],"places_ssim":["Americanization."],"creator_ssm":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Industrial Defense Association","Colonial Dames of America","Anti-communist movements -- United States.","Antisemitism -- United States.","American Defense Society.","Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs","Daughters of the American Revolution -- Alexandria (Va.)","Auxiliary National Patriotic Council","Council of the Original Thirteen States","Churchwoman's Patriotic League","Movement Against Socialism in the Church","Cameron Club","National Patriotic Council"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10.97 Cubic Feet 25 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10.97 Cubic Feet 25 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is organized into five series: Correspondence, Subject Files, Personal/Family, Oversize, and Bound Volumes. Also, at the end of the collection (Boxes 72V and 72W) are two boxes of unidentified photo plates."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHelen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings, daughter of Norris Cummings (1834-1904) and Emma Ricketts Cummings (d. 1930), resided in Alexandria from about 1894 until 1949, the time of her death. The family came from Philadelphia, where Norris had been involved in \"William Cummings and Son,\" his family's international shipping business. Helen was active in community affairs. In 1894 she founded the Cameron Club, a member of the Federation of Women's Clubs. (See Cameron Club Collection). She also held various positions in the Virginia Federation of Women's Clubs. Much of her activity within the clubs, particularly starting around 1920, was devoted to tracking communist, socialist, and jewish groups and dispersing anti-radical literature within her womens groups."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Helen Norris Cummings Papers, Ms. 72, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Helen Norris Cummings Papers, Ms. 72, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of the research materials of Helen Norris Cummings, founder of the Cameron Club, member of the Federation of Women's Club, and local historian.","The correspondence spans the period from 1870 to 1943. Most of the pre-1905 letters deal with genealogy, and the majority of these are addressed to Emma, Helen's mother. Approximately half of the 1905 to 1920 letters are also Emma's. Many of Helen's letters deal with political issues, such as immigration and radicalism. Box 72E Folder 4 contains numerous letters from congressmen. These appear to be responses to her comments on immigration. Among the agencies from which she received letters are the National Republic, The Movement Against Socialism in the Church, and the Industrial Defense Association. \nThe subject files contain mostly printed matter and a few pieces of correspondence and appear to largely center aroound communist and socialist activity. They served to keep track of supposed subversive activity by groups and people that were either openly or suspected socialists, or communists. This material was not only for personal reference, but was shared amongst the many womens groups she was a part of.\n    These files are divided into two subseries: \"Subject-Who's Who\" and \"Subject.\" Handwritten notes on many documents indicate that Helen kept files on (at least) people, legislation, nations, and organizations. She wrote \"Who's Who\" on materials relating to particular individuals. Only part of the index to her files remains. It appears that she divided the subjects into broad topics and then alphabetized them within each topic. According to the surviving index (Box 72N Folder 15), File #5 was \"Patriotism and History,\" and File #3 was \"Radicalism.\" Because it is impossible to reconstruct the entire filing system, the folder titles reflect either folders that remained from her file cabinets, or were created because Cummings labelled papers. For example, when Lloyd House received this collection there was not a folder labelled \"Labor.\" One was created, however, because Helen wrote \"Labor\" at the top of a pamphlet. \nThe miscellaneous sections at the end of each subseries are a catch-all, not created by Helen. Because of the overlap of people with subjects, and subjects with other subjects, information in folders are not exclusive. For example, there is a \"Who's Who\" folder on Earl Browder, the Communist Party's candidate for president in 1936 and 1940. These is also a \"Subject\" folder on the Communist Party. Necessarily, these two overlap. The folders \"Trials,\" \"Citizenship,\" \"Immigration,\" and \"Constitution-U.S.\" contain articles about, or letters to newspaper editors, written by Helen. Several folders, particularly \"Immigration,\" and \"Subsidiary Movements,\" contain issues of \"The Daily Data Sheet of the Key Men in America.\" The purpose of these appears to provide information about Communist and Socialist activities in the U.S. At least one clipping in the subject files was printed after Helen's death. This may have occurred because Esther Green continued to maintain these files. \nThe Personal/Family series contains genealogical information, as well as obituaries of Helen, Norris, William Cummings (Helen's grandfather), and various other relatives. \nThe oversize materials include a clip sheet from the National Patriotic Council and approximately a dozen posters in Russian. There are also a few anti-Communism and anti- Socialism posters. \nThe bound volumes include Helen's diaries from 1894 to 1929 (not a complete set), an account book, a letter book, a prayer book, and an autograph book."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Photos were transferred to the photograph collection. The photos from this collection and the Esther Green Collection are mixed. Also, papers relating to the Ricketts family are now in the Ricketts Collection."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":376,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:21:50.422Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_12_c05"}},{"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series V: Documents, 1766/1929","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eDocuments collected by Nick Racey. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05","ref_ssm":["vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05"],"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05","ead_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","_root_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","_nest_parent_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","parent_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","parent_ssim":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series V: Documents","title_ssm":["Series V: Documents"],"title_tesim":["Series V: Documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series V: Documents, 1766/1929"],"text":["Series V: Documents, 1766/1929","Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941","Strasburg (Va)","Star Tannery (Va)","Shenandoah County (Va.)","Woodstock (Va)","Documents collected by Nick Racey.","Materials genrally are not connected, aside from the collector."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1766/1929"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1766-1929"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":101,"repository_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library"],"collection_ssim":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":99,"geogname_ssim":["Strasburg (Va)","Star Tannery (Va)","Shenandoah County (Va.)","Woodstock (Va)"],"geogname_ssm":["Strasburg (Va)","Star Tannery (Va)","Shenandoah County (Va.)","Woodstock (Va)"],"places_ssim":["Strasburg (Va)","Star Tannery (Va)","Shenandoah County (Va.)","Woodstock (Va)"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDocuments collected by Nick Racey. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials genrally are not connected, aside from the collector.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Documents collected by Nick Racey.","Materials genrally are not connected, aside from the collector."],"_nest_path_":"/components#4","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","ead_ssi":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","_root_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","_nest_parent_":"vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/SCL/repositories_2_resources_18.xml","title_ssm":["Nick Racey Collection"],"title_tesim":["Nick Racey Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1766-1941"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1766-1941"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1766/1941"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"text":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941","2023-0013","/repositories/2/resources/18","Strasburg (Va.)","Toms Brook (Va)","Stores - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Toms Brook","Religious Books - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Woodstock","Limited original order was retained following donation.","Series and sub-series arrangement was developed based on how items were presented in donation and stored by the donor.","Folder withing each series are arranged chronologically with undated items in the rear of each series.","\"Welcome to Strasburg Heritage Program Videos!.\" Strasburg Heritage Association. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.strasburgvaheritage.org/programvideos.html.","As of 2024 Nick Racey was a resident of Strasburg Virginia. He has a long time interest in the community's history and served as a member of the Strasburg Heritage Association and Sons of Confederate Veterans.","These materials are a portion of his personal collection obtained from various sources.","Items in this collection were originally stored horizontally in boxes by the donor. Some were were interleaved by acid free paper between individual items.","Materials were removed from original containers and rehoused. Documents were foldered and boxed. Photographs were sleeved, foldered and boxed. Books and ledgers were wrapped and boxed, housed horizontally.","One ledger from an unidentified store in Strasburg Virignia did contain dried mold spores. Collection had been quarintined and no spread was evident. Ledger was dusted and vacuumed to remove spores and is boxed individually.","This collection contains material collected by Nick Racey. It primarily focuses on the northern portion of Shenandoah County, including the Towns of Strasburg and Toms Brook.","A variety of materials are present, but include business records of several stores, personal papers, legal records, the religious publication \"The Old Paths,\" and a small variety of photographs.","Documents, photographs, and ledgers from the northern portion of Shenandoah County collected by Nick Racey. Materials are created from the late 18th through the mid 20th century and include personal papers and business records.","Shenandoah County Library, Truban Archives","Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives","Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"collection_ssim":["Nick Racey Collection, 1766/1941"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2023-0013","/repositories/2/resources/18"],"unitid_tesim":["2023-0013","/repositories/2/resources/18"],"repository_ssm":["Shenandoah County Library"],"repository_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Strasburg (Va.)","Toms Brook (Va)"],"geogname_ssim":["Strasburg (Va.)","Toms Brook (Va)"],"places_ssim":["Strasburg (Va.)","Toms Brook (Va)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"creators_ssim":["Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898","Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donation from Nick Racey."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Stores - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Toms Brook","Religious Books - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Woodstock"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Stores - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Toms Brook","Religious Books - Virginia - Strasburg","Stores - Virginia - Woodstock"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["24.5 Linear Feet 4 x 1 linear feet, legal size flip top document boxes\n1 x 1.5 linear feet, legal size flip top document box\n2 x .5 linear feet, legal size flip top document boxes\n3 x 3 linear feet, print boxes\n3 x 2 linear feet, deep lid print boxes\n1 x 6 linear feet, print box"],"extent_tesim":["24.5 Linear Feet 4 x 1 linear feet, legal size flip top document boxes\n1 x 1.5 linear feet, legal size flip top document box\n2 x .5 linear feet, legal size flip top document boxes\n3 x 3 linear feet, print boxes\n3 x 2 linear feet, deep lid print boxes\n1 x 6 linear feet, print box"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLimited original order was retained following donation. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries and sub-series arrangement was developed based on how items were presented in donation and stored by the donor. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFolder withing each series are arranged chronologically with undated items in the rear of each series. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Limited original order was retained following donation.","Series and sub-series arrangement was developed based on how items were presented in donation and stored by the donor.","Folder withing each series are arranged chronologically with undated items in the rear of each series."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Welcome to Strasburg Heritage Program Videos!.\" Strasburg Heritage Association. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.strasburgvaheritage.org/programvideos.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Welcome to Strasburg Heritage Program Videos!.\" Strasburg Heritage Association. Accessed July 17, 2024. https://www.strasburgvaheritage.org/programvideos.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAs of 2024 Nick Racey was a resident of Strasburg Virginia. He has a long time interest in the community's history and served as a member of the Strasburg Heritage Association and Sons of Confederate Veterans. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese materials are a portion of his personal collection obtained from various sources. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["As of 2024 Nick Racey was a resident of Strasburg Virginia. He has a long time interest in the community's history and served as a member of the Strasburg Heritage Association and Sons of Confederate Veterans.","These materials are a portion of his personal collection obtained from various sources."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Nick Racey Collection, Truban Archives, Shenandoah County Library, Edinburg, Virginia, USA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Nick Racey Collection, Truban Archives, Shenandoah County Library, Edinburg, Virginia, USA."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItems in this collection were originally stored horizontally in boxes by the donor. Some were were interleaved by acid free paper between individual items. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMaterials were removed from original containers and rehoused. Documents were foldered and boxed. Photographs were sleeved, foldered and boxed. Books and ledgers were wrapped and boxed, housed horizontally. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne ledger from an unidentified store in Strasburg Virignia did contain dried mold spores. Collection had been quarintined and no spread was evident. Ledger was dusted and vacuumed to remove spores and is boxed individually. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Items in this collection were originally stored horizontally in boxes by the donor. Some were were interleaved by acid free paper between individual items.","Materials were removed from original containers and rehoused. Documents were foldered and boxed. Photographs were sleeved, foldered and boxed. Books and ledgers were wrapped and boxed, housed horizontally.","One ledger from an unidentified store in Strasburg Virignia did contain dried mold spores. Collection had been quarintined and no spread was evident. Ledger was dusted and vacuumed to remove spores and is boxed individually."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains material collected by Nick Racey. It primarily focuses on the northern portion of Shenandoah County, including the Towns of Strasburg and Toms Brook. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA variety of materials are present, but include business records of several stores, personal papers, legal records, the religious publication \"The Old Paths,\" and a small variety of photographs. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains material collected by Nick Racey. It primarily focuses on the northern portion of Shenandoah County, including the Towns of Strasburg and Toms Brook.","A variety of materials are present, but include business records of several stores, personal papers, legal records, the religious publication \"The Old Paths,\" and a small variety of photographs."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_861959c529ff37733137cdce00f38db3\"\u003eDocuments, photographs, and ledgers from the northern portion of Shenandoah County collected by Nick Racey. Materials are created from the late 18th through the mid 20th century and include personal papers and business records.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Documents, photographs, and ledgers from the northern portion of Shenandoah County collected by Nick Racey. Materials are created from the late 18th through the mid 20th century and include personal papers and business records."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a2b3d600d693db6d38d44123e1f3ff59\"\u003eShenandoah County Library, Truban Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Shenandoah County Library, Truban Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898"],"names_coll_ssim":["Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898"],"names_ssim":["Shenandoah County Library: Truban Archives","Stickley, Daniel, 1802-1886","Funkhouser, Nathaniel A. , 1845-1898"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"total_component_count_is":321,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:22:04.515Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaedscl_repositories_2_resources_18_c05"}},{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series VI: Historical Documents, 1754/1826","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06","ref_ssm":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06"],"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","parent_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","parent_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series VI: Historical Documents","title_ssm":["Series VI: Historical Documents"],"title_tesim":["Series VI: Historical Documents"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series VI: Historical Documents, 1754/1826"],"text":["Series VI: Historical Documents, 1754/1826","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754/1826"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1826"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":127,"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"collection_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826],"_nest_path_":"/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_1216.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers","title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1754-1996","1958-1983"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1754-1996"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1983"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"text":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983","Ms.1962.001","Blacksburg (Va.)","Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History","The collection is open to research.","Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online.","The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents","Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina.","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.","The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.","Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s.","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)","The materials in the collection are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"collection_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, 1754/1996, bulk 1958/1983"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.1962.001"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.1962.001"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"places_ssim":["Blacksburg (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers were donated to Special Collections and University Archives in multiple accruals between 1962 and 1996."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Local/Regional History and Appalachian South","Montgomery County (Va.)","Women -- History"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"extent_tesim":["ca. 9 Cubic Feet 13 boxes; 7 oversize folders; 1 oversize roll"],"date_range_isim":[1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://digitalsc.lib.vt.edu/collections/show/335\"\u003eSome of this collection has been digitized and is available online.\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Some of this collection has been digitized and is available online."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries I: Correspondence \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries II: Publications\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries V: AVPA General Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VI: Historical Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VII: Miscellaneous Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries VIII: Oversize Documents\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is arranged into eight series. Wherever possible, materials are arranged chronologically within each series.","Series I: Correspondence","Series II: Publications","Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation","Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings","Series V: AVPA General Files","Series VI: Historical Documents","Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents","Series VIII: Oversize Documents"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFounded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["Founded in 1889, the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) has twenty branches which own and maintain historic properties. In November 1958 the APVA authorized the organization of the Montgomery County branch for the specific purpose of acquiring and restoring Smithfield Plantation, the historic home near Blacksburg in Montgomery County, Virginia, built by William Preston in 1773. In 1959 Mrs. Janie Preston Brockenbrough Lamb, a descendant of Preston, donated Smithfield and 4.5 acres of land to the APVA. Restoration of the building was begun in 1962 when the APVA's Montgomery County Branch raised the funds for renovation and contracted with architects and contractors. Since its foundation, and in more recent years, the organization has had some changes, including the dissolution of branches and the combination of the Montgomery County Branch with the Smithfield Preston Foundation. In 2009, the name was changed to Preservation Virgina.","Smithfield Plantation is the historic home of the Preston family, one of the founding families of Blacksburg and Montgomery County, Virginia. It was built by William Preston (1729-1783), who emigrated from northern Ireland with his family in 1737. He married Susanna Smith in 1761 and settled at Greenfield in Botetourt County in 1769. Preston established himself as a leader in the Virginia frontier by serving in the militia in the French and Indian and Revolutionary wars, in the House of Burgesses representing Augusta County from 1766 to 1768 and Botetourt County in 1769, and as County Lieutenant of Fincastle and Montgomery. He was appointed surveyor of Fincastle County in 1772 and moved his family to that area. He built Smithfield, named in honor of his wife, in 1773. Smithfield was the birthplace and home of three Virginia governors, including James Patton Preston (son of William), and John Buchanan Floyd and John Floyd, Jr. (grandsons of William).","George Green Shackelford, a professor of history from 1954 to 1986 (now Emeritus) at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, or Virginia Tech, which is adjacent to the Smithfield property, spearheaded the restoration by forming the Montgomery County branch and adopting the project of preserving and restoring the Smithfield residence.","The APVA changed their name to Preservation Virginia in 2009. However, since the mateirals in this collection were created under the previous name, we have retained that for the collection title. Both names have been added to the corporate names associated with this collection."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003ca href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/a\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities, Montgomery County Branch Papers, Ms1962-001, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing was completed in September 1996, after initial processing in the 1980s. Additional description was completed in October 2009."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVirginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/2286.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Deed, Ms2005-014\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1986.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eJohn Preston Papers, Ms1994-034\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1219.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1425.oai_ead.xml\"\u003ePreston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1884.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eRobert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1979.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eWilliam Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca target=\"_blank\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=oai/lib.vt.edu/repositories/2/resources/1388.oai_ead.xml\"\u003eGeorge Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Archival Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Virginia Tech Special Collections and University Archives houses a number of other collections containing information on the Preston family and Smithfield Plantation:","John Preston Deed, Ms2005-014","John Preston Papers, Ms1994-034","Preston Family (Alice Preston Moore Collection) Papers, Ms1962-004","Preston Family (Charles Peale Didier Collection) Papers, Ms1985-020","Robert Taylor Preston Papers, Ms1992-003","William Preston Land Grant, Ms1994-027","George Green Shackelford Papers, Ms1983-008"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s.","The collection is organized into seven series: Series I: Correspondence(largely from and to George Shackelford); Series II: Publications, including APVA and Montgomery County branch newsletters and APVA Discovery magazines; Series III: Smithfield Plantation Renovation, including appraisals, reports, and receipts; Series IV: Renovations of other Smithfield Plantation Buildings, including information about the renovations of other structures on the Smithfield property, (the cook's cabin, the miller's log house, and the smokehouse); Series V: AVPA General Files, including meeting minutes, financial reports, and building committee reports; Series VI: Historical Documents from dating from the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield (materials include manuscript account books (1754-1763) of William Preston while residing at Greenfield, manuscript pages detailing work done by a wheelright (1845-1850); and genealogical information about the Preston family); and Series VII: Miscellaneous Documents, which includes materials relating to historic Montgomery County and the Smithfield Plantation. The collection also contains Series VIII: Oversize Documents, containing blueprints and architectural drawings."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuapublication\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction. Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication. Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_99892500d53aacc16f6cb32c28f38312\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The records largely document the recent history of Smithfield Plantation, ancestral home of the Preston family, focusing particularly on its restoration beginning in 1962. While much of the renovation occurred in the 1960s, many of the records detail other renovation projects done in the 1970s and 1980s. The collection also includes historical and other related documents dating from before the original Preston family's residence at Smithfield."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"famname_ssim":["Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities (APVA) (1889-2009)","Preservation Virginia (2009-)","Smithfield Plantation House (Blacksburg, Va.)","Preston family (Montgomery County, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["The materials in the collection are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":174,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:29:13.394Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_1216_c06"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series VIII: Memorabilia, 1801/1929","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series contains various memorabilia collected by the Singleton family over the years. Included in the series are opera programs, calling cards, recipes, and wedding invitations.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series VIII: Memorabilia","title_ssm":["Series VIII: Memorabilia"],"title_tesim":["Series VIII: Memorabilia"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series VIII: Memorabilia, 1801/1929"],"text":["Series VIII: Memorabilia, 1801/1929","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","This series contains various memorabilia collected by the Singleton family over the years. Included in the series are opera programs, calling cards, recipes, and wedding invitations."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1801/1929"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1801-1929, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":479,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis series contains various memorabilia collected by the Singleton family over the years. Included in the series are opera programs, calling cards, recipes, and wedding invitations.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series contains various memorabilia collected by the Singleton family over the years. 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After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. 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After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":764,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c08"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series VII: Miscellaneous Material, 1785/1944","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis series consits of miscellaneous material collected by the Singleton family including aricles on Abraham Lincoln, genealogical material, and writings.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","parent_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_36"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series VII: Miscellaneous Material","title_ssm":["Series VII: Miscellaneous Material"],"title_tesim":["Series VII: Miscellaneous Material"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series VII: Miscellaneous Material, 1785/1944"],"text":["Series VII: Miscellaneous Material, 1785/1944","James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","This series consits of miscellaneous material collected by the Singleton family including aricles on Abraham Lincoln, genealogical material, and writings."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1785/1944"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1785-1944, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":411,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old 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Abraham Lincoln, genealogical material, and writings.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This series consits of miscellaneous material collected by the Singleton family including aricles on Abraham Lincoln, genealogical material, and writings."],"_nest_path_":"/components#6","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_36","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_36.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/36","title_filing_ssi":"Singleton, James Washington","title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1770-1975, undated","1850-1920","Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1770-1975, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1850-1920"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 01/14/1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"normalized_title_ssm":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"text":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920","MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36","United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865","Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois","The collection is open to researchers without restrictions.","The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.","James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.","The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"collection_ssim":["James Washington Singleton Papers, 1770/1975, bulk 1850/1920"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 10","/repositories/5/resources/36"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["United States--History--Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"creators_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)","ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Mrs. Judith Ball Wysong Cofer","Gift. Accession #A77-5"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Copperhead movement","Politicians--Illinois"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"extent_tesim":["20.80 Linear Feet","35 Hollinger document cases; 1 clamshell box, 2 oversized boxes boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to researchers without restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series: Series I: Correspondence; Series II: Legal and Government Documents; Series III: Financial and Bookkeeping RecordsSeries IV: Business Papers; Series V: Miscellaneous Material; Series VI: Speeches; Series VII: Miscellany; Series VIII: Memorabilia; Series IX: Newspaper clippings; Series X: Publications; and Series XI: Photographs."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJames Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Washington Singleton was born on November 23, 1811 at \"Paxton\" in Frederick County, Virginia, the estate of his father, General James Singleton. After attending the academy in Winchester, Virginia, Singleton moved to Kentucky in 1828. He married Mathilde Caves who died in 1832. Singleton pursued the study and practice of medicine in Kentucky. Later he married Ann Craig of Lexington, Kentucky. About 1834 he settled at Mount Sterling, Illinois. He commenced the study of law in Mount Sterling and was admitted to the Illinois bar in 1841. During these years the Singletons had a son, James Washington, Jr. but he died in infancy. Ann Craig Singleton also died about 1840.","James Washington Singleton began to distinguish himself in public service during the 1840's. In the \"war\" against the Mormons he was in command of a military company and he was later commissioned a brigadier-general of militia by Governor Ford of Illinois for his services in the Mormon War. He married Parthenia McDonald on April 9, 1844. He had two children by his third wife: Louise(Lily) born in 1857 and James J. Singleton born in 1860. In 1847 he was elected to represent his county in a constitutional convention. He served in the Illinois legislature representing Schuyler(Brown) County from 1850 to 1854.\nThe Singletons moved to Quincy where James Washington practiced law and became active in politics. He served in the state legislature from 1860 to 1862. He also represented Quincy in the state Constitutional convention of 1861.","During the Civil War Singleton may be most accurately characterized as a Peace Democrat who maintained close ties with President Lincoln. He had met Lincoln while he was in legal practice in Illinois in the 1840's. Their friendship lasted until Lincoln's death although they held different positions on the principal political issues of the time. Singleton apparently held informal \"negotiations\" with several people in Richmond including President Jefferson Davis and General Robert E. Lee. Lincoln did not give official sanction to these talks but was ready to recognize them if satisfactory Confederate proposals should emerge from the negotiations. Singleton died at home on April 4, 1892."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], James Washington Singleton Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of family papers spanning the lifetime of five generations of Singleton descendants. The collection includes papers of James Singleton, the father of James W. Singleton; James W. Singleton; Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn, the daughter of James W. Singleton; the Thomas children, the grandchildren of James W. Singleton; and Judith Ball Wysong Cofer, the great-granddaughter of James W. Singleton. The bulk of the collection concerns the lives of James Singleton, James W. Singleton and Lily Singleton Thomas Osburn."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_534992c8bb5d8b40d5715817c20d8f07\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eProminent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Prominent Peace Democrat from Illinois during the Civil War. Served in the United States House of Representatives (1879-1883). Contains family papers spanning five generations, dating from 1770 to 1975. Includes correspondence, business papers, military papers, newspaper clippings, and photographs."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House"],"names_coll_ssim":["United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"famname_ssim":["Singleton family"],"persname_ssim":["Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","United States. Congress. House","Singleton family","Singleton, James Washington (1811-1892)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":764,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:36.932Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_36_c07"}},{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series VI: Norfolk City Government, 1777/2005","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSeries includes material from Mason Andrews involvement with Norfolk city government. Some of the topics include Norfolk public schools, construction projects in Norfolk, transportation, and Norfolk city council.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06","ref_ssm":["vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06"],"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01","parent_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01","parent_ssim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1777/2006"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vino_repositories_5_resources_135","vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Series VI: Norfolk City Government","title_ssm":["Series VI: Norfolk City Government"],"title_tesim":["Series VI: Norfolk City Government"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series VI: Norfolk City Government, 1777/2005"],"text":["Series VI: Norfolk City Government, 1777/2005","Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1777/2006","Series includes material from Mason Andrews involvement with Norfolk city government. Some of the topics include Norfolk public schools, construction projects in Norfolk, transportation, and Norfolk city council."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1777/2006"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","Record Group I: First Accession, 1777/2006"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/2005"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1777-2005, undated"],"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":357,"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"collection_ssim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":11,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"date_range_isim":[1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries includes material from Mason Andrews involvement with Norfolk city government. Some of the topics include Norfolk public schools, construction projects in Norfolk, transportation, and Norfolk city council.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Series includes material from Mason Andrews involvement with Norfolk city government. Some of the topics include Norfolk public schools, construction projects in Norfolk, transportation, and Norfolk city council."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5","timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_ssi":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_root_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","_nest_parent_":"vino_repositories_5_resources_135","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ODU/repositories_5_resources_135.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archivesguides.lib.odu.edu/repositories/5/resources/135","title_filing_ssi":"Andrews, Mason C.","title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated","Date acquired: 10/14/1998","1950-1990"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1777-2010, undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1950-1990"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["Date acquired: 10/14/1998"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"text":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990","MG 62","/repositories/5/resources/135","Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century","Physicians--Virginia--Norfolk","Gynecologists--Virginia--Norfolk","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk","Open to researchers without restrictions.","Second accession was donated in November 2011","This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.","Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki","The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.","Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.","Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.","ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"collection_ssim":["Mason C. Andrews Papers, 1777/2010, bulk 1950/1990"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MG 62","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"unitid_tesim":["MG 62","/repositories/5/resources/135"],"repository_ssm":["Old Dominion University"],"repository_ssim":["Old Dominion University"],"geogname_ssm":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"geogname_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"places_ssim":["Norfolk (Va.)--Politics and government--20th century","Hampton Roads (Va.)--History--20th century","Norfolk (Va.)--History--20th century"],"creator_ssm":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"creator_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School"],"creators_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)","ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Dr. Mason C. Andrews","Gift. Accession #A98-10"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Physicians--Virginia--Norfolk","Gynecologists--Virginia--Norfolk","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Physicians--Virginia--Norfolk","Gynecologists--Virginia--Norfolk","Mayors--Virginia--Norfolk","City council members--Virginia--Norfolk"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["61.3 Linear Feet","95 Hollinger document cases, 16 oversized boxes, 2 artifact boxes, and one audiovisual box boxes"],"extent_tesim":["61.3 Linear Feet","95 Hollinger document cases, 16 oversized boxes, 2 artifact boxes, and one audiovisual box boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen to researchers without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open to researchers without restrictions."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSecond accession was donated in November 2011\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals and Additions"],"accruals_tesim":["Second accession was donated in November 2011"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement Note"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is broken down into groups based on when they were given to Special Collections and University Archives: Record Group 1: First Accession; and Record Group 2: Second Accession. Each record group is further organized into series within each record group."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAndrews passed away on October 13, 2006.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNote written by Janice Halecki\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical or Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mason C. Andrews was born in Norfolk, Virginia in 1919. He graduated from Maury High School, and later received his Bachelor's degree in Chemistry from Princeton and his M.D. from John's Hopkins University. He specialized in obstetrics and gynecology and completed his residency training at Johns Hopkins as well. Andrews then began a successful OB/GYN private practice in Norfolk in 1950. Additionally, Dr. Andrews taught Obstetrics and Gynecology at Johns Hopkins University and later at Eastern Virginia Medical School.","Andrews' community service began during the 1950's with service on the Norfolk Chamber of Commerce and the Health Welfare and Recreation Planning Council. While serving as president of the Norfolk County Medical Society, Andrews appointed a bipartisan committee to study the need for a medical school in the area. The study was able to convince the Virginia General Assembly of the need for a new medical school. In 1964 the Eastern Virginia Medical Center authority was formed with the charge of developing the new medical school. Andrews served as the chairman of the authority from 1964-1970. Under his leadership a medical center complex was built in an area that has once been slums. The medical complex now consists of Eastern Virginia Medical School (EVMS), Norfolk General Hospital, Medical Tower, Public Health Department, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters and Tidewater Rehabilitation Institute. In addition, as chairman of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at EVMS Andrews was instrumental in bringing the team of Drs. Howard and Georgeanna Jones to Norfolk. The Drs. Jones specialized in treating infertility problems. In 1981 they brought notoriety to Norfolk with the role they played in the first successful birth, in the United States, of a baby conceived by in-vitro fertilization. With the success of the in-vitro fertilization program the Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine was founded in 1983.","Andrews also served on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992 to 1994. During his tenure on the council he was instrumental in the redevelopment of the downtown waterfront. Andrews introduced the developer of Baltimore's Inner Harbor, James Rouse, to Norfolk. Rouse designed the Waterside Festival Marketplace for the Norfolk waterfront. Other downtown projects promoted by Andrews included Nauticus, the Norfolk campus of Tidewater Community College, and the MacArthur Center Mall. Mason Andrews declined to run for re-election to city council in 2000.","Andrews passed away on October 13, 2006.","Note written by Janice Halecki"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Box [insert number], Folder [insert number and title], Mason C. Andrews Papers, Special Collections and University Archives, Old Dominion University Libraries."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, photographs, medical articles, newspaper clippings, architectural drawings, reports, and other material maintained by Mason C. Andrews, an OB/GYN doctor and Norfolk City Council member. The bulk of the material relates to the development of the Norfolk Medical Center and the Eastern Virginia Medical School, as well as Andrews' tenure on the Norfolk City Council from 1974 to 1997."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before publishing quotations or excerpts from any materials, permission must be obtained from Special Collections and University Archives, and the holder of the copyright, if not Old Dominion University Libraries."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3beccc7904064ee132f9b64969a681f1\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003ePhysician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Physician, former city council member and mayor of Norfolk. Served on Norfolk city council from 1974 to 2000 and as the city's mayor from 1992-1994. Was instrumental in the development of the Eastern Virginia Medical School complex and the redevelopment of downtown Norfolk. The collection includes personal, business, and political papers."],"corpname_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School"],"names_coll_ssim":["Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"persname_ssim":["Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"names_ssim":["ODU Community Collections","Eastern Virginia Medical Authority","Eastern Virginia Medical School","Andrews, Mason Cooke (1919-2006)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":1371,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:39:23.934Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vino_repositories_5_resources_135_c01_c06"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria 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