{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":13,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_89.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/89","title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1767-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1767-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1767/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"text":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89","Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"unitid_tesim":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created circa 1976 and was expanded over many years through small donations and acquisitions. Accession information is unavailable for many of the items in the collection."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"dimensions_tesim":["Oversize boxes 24.75x20.75x3.5"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subjects are described as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American History\n\u003cbr\u003eAlexandria-Juvenile\n\u003cbr\u003eBusinesses\n\u003cbr\u003eCivil War and Reconstruction\n\u003cbr\u003eCollectables\n\u003cbr\u003eCulture\n\u003cbr\u003eEvents\n\u003cbr\u003eFire\n\u003cbr\u003eGovernment\n\u003cbr\u003eHistoric Places\n\u003cbr\u003eLibrary\n\u003cbr\u003eMagazines\n\u003cbr\u003eOrganizations\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal Business\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal\n\u003cbr\u003ePolitics\n\u003cbr\u003eRailroads\n\u003cbr\u003eReligion\n\u003cbr\u003eSchools\n\u003cbr\u003eTourism and Foodways\n\u003cbr\u003eTransportation\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_89.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/89","title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1767-2008"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1767-2008"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1767/2008"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"text":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89","Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation","The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"unitid_tesim":["MS240","/repositories/2/resources/89"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was created circa 1976 and was expanded over many years through small donations and acquisitions. Accession information is unavailable for many of the items in the collection."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"extent_tesim":["8.75 Cubic Feet 14.5 legal size, 2 oversize"],"dimensions_tesim":["Oversize boxes 24.75x20.75x3.5"],"date_range_isim":[1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFormerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe subjects are described as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfrican-American History\n\u003cbr\u003eAlexandria-Juvenile\n\u003cbr\u003eBusinesses\n\u003cbr\u003eCivil War and Reconstruction\n\u003cbr\u003eCollectables\n\u003cbr\u003eCulture\n\u003cbr\u003eEvents\n\u003cbr\u003eFire\n\u003cbr\u003eGovernment\n\u003cbr\u003eHistoric Places\n\u003cbr\u003eLibrary\n\u003cbr\u003eMagazines\n\u003cbr\u003eOrganizations\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal Business\n\u003cbr\u003ePersonal\n\u003cbr\u003ePolitics\n\u003cbr\u003eRailroads\n\u003cbr\u003eReligion\n\u003cbr\u003eSchools\n\u003cbr\u003eTourism and Foodways\n\u003cbr\u003eTransportation\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Formerly titled \"Vertical File (Manuscript) Collection\"","The collection is arranged alphabetically by subject. The collection is further split by size, with two additional oversized boxes containing materials from the same subjects as listed below.","The subjects are described as follows:","African-American History\nAlexandria-Juvenile\nBusinesses\nCivil War and Reconstruction\nCollectables\nCulture\nEvents\nFire\nGovernment\nHistoric Places\nLibrary\nMagazines\nOrganizations\nPersonal Business\nPersonal\nPolitics\nRailroads\nReligion\nSchools\nTourism and Foodways\nTransportation"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSome notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The manuscripts vertical file is an artificial collection containing a wide variety of unique manuscript items relating to Alexandria, Virginia residents, businesses, organizations, and history.","The majority of the items are manuscript pages but the collection also includes books and ephemera. It is strong in local business advertisements, stationary, and records as well as correspondence, legal and financial papers, memorabilia, and school-related documents. The majority of the documents date from the 19th century, although 18th and 20th century documents are also present.","Some notable documents include: a book of auction records from 1837-1840 including sales of houses, ships, and slaves; an apothecary formula book, several examples of late-18th century legal papers, Civil War passes into Washington for the Leadbeater family, an Alexandria High School student exercise book from 1859-1863, apprenticeship indentures, an 1841 retrocession petition, and records of fires in the city from the 1930s and 1950s."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Harriot E., 1823-1896","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":683,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_89"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria Library Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the Alexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_128.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/128","title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-2007"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-2007"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"text":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128","Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc","Public libraries.","In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt","A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed.","The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18","The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"unitid_tesim":["MS002","/repositories/2/resources/128"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"geogname_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"places_ssim":["Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","Lectures and Lecturing","Associations, institutions, etc"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public libraries."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public libraries."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"extent_tesim":["8.10 Cubic Feet 13 boxes, 2 oversize boxes, 1 record carton"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Presidents and Librarians of the Library"],"bioghist_tesim":["In the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club.","Society president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half.","For a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860.","In October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog.","The first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version.","In the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.","The Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.","In June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.","In the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.","In September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).","The Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.","Members built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.","Another change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization.","In 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.","Another longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result.","Four days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there.","A major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.","This name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.","Member Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.","Chronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.","Presidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\n      \n        February 1794-February 1813\n        Rev. James Muir\n      \n      \n        February 1813-February 1815\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1815-March 1824\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        March 1824-February 1829\n        Hugh Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1829-February 1835\n        John Richards\n      \n      \n        February 1835-February 1840\n        John Roberts\n      \n      \n        February 1840-1852\n        Elias Harrison\n      \n      \n        1852-February 1855\n        J. Louis Kinzer\n      \n      \n        February 1855-September 1858\n        Francis Miller\n      \n      \n        September 1858- February 1859\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Caleb S. Hallowell\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        William G. Cazenove\n      \n      \n        February 1860-February 1870\n        Richard L. Carne\n      \n      \n        February 1870-February 1873\n        K. Kemper\n      \n      \n        February 1873-October 1873\n        Samuel H. Janney\n      \n      \n        October 1873-February 1874\n        Sidney C. Neale\n      \n      \n        February 1874-June 1879\n        Mercer Slaughter\n      \n      \n        September 1897-October 1905\n        Virginia Corse\n      \n      \n        July 1906-June 1925\n        Mrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\n      \n      \n        October 1925-April 1930\n        Loula Smoot\n      \n      \n        April 1930-November 1933\n        Mrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\n      \n      \n        December 1933-December 1934\n        Mary Lloyd\n      \n      \n        December 1934-December 1936\n        Susan Thomson\n      \n      \n        December 1936-November 1937\n        Mrs. Louis Scott\n      \n      \n        November 1937-November 1944\n        Mrs. Curtis Backus\n      \n      \n        November 1944-November 1946\n        Mrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\n      \n      \n        November 1946-November 1947\n        Howard Worth Smith\n      \n      \n        November 1947-October 1948\n        [Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\n      \n      \n        October 1948-October 1949\n        Miss Horne\n      \n      \n        October 1949-October 1950\n        Mr. Stanley King\n      \n      \n        October 1950-December 1951\n        Mr. [Joseph] Crockett\n      \n      \n        December 1951-February 1955\n        Mr. Robert Moncure\n      \n      \n        February 1955-February 1957\n        Dr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\n      \n      \n        February 1957-February 1959\n        Stanley King\n      \n      \n        February 1959-February 1962\n        Mangum Weeks\n      \n      \n        February 1962-February 1963\n        Richard Bales\n      \n      \n        February 1963-February 1965\n        Donald King\n      \n      \n        February 1965-February 1967\n        David Squires\n      \n      \n        February 1967-February 1969\n        Howard Worth Smith Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1969-February 1971\n        William Francis Smith\n      \n      \n        February 1971-February 1972\n        John T. Ticer\n      \n      \n        February 1972-February 1974\n        David M. Abshire\n      \n      \n        February 1974-February 1976\n        Mrs. Merill Beede\n      \n      \n        February 1976-February 1978\n        Mrs. Douglas Lindsey\n      \n      \n        February 1978-February 1980\n        Clarke T. Cooper Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1980-February 1982\n        William Seale\n      \n      \n        February 1982-February 1983\n        Denys Peter Myers\n      \n      \n        February 1983-February 1985\n        William B. Hurd\n      \n      \n        February 1985-February 1986\n        George J. Stansfield\n      \n      \n        February 1986-February 1987\n        Dr. Ernest A. Connally\n      \n      \n        February 1987-February 1989\n        Dr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\n      \n      \n        February 1989-March 1991\n        James M. Lewis\n      \n      \n        March 1991-March 1992\n        Mrs. Anne Smith Paul\n      \n      \n        March 1992-March 1993\n        Richard R. G. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1993-March 1995\n        Dabney Waring\n      \n      \n        March 1995-March 1997\n        James R. Hobson\n      \n      \n        March 1997-March 1998\n        Robert C. Reed\n      \n      \n        March 1998-March 2000\n        Neil Horstman\n      \n      \n        March 2000-March 2002\n        Carroll Johnson\n      \n      \n        March 2002-March 2003\n        Thomas C. Brown Jr.","Librarians of Alexandria\n      \n        February 1794-February 1796\n        Edward Stabler\n      \n      \n        February 1796-February 1818\n        James Kennedy\n      \n      \n        February 1818-August 1826\n        William Cranch\n      \n      \n        August 1826-October 1829\n        W. Samuel Mark\n      \n      \n        October 1829-March 1845\n        George Drinker\n      \n      \n        March 1845-September 1845\n        James M. Eaches\n      \n      \n        September 1845-September 1852\n        C.F. Stuart\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        H. W. P. Junius\n      \n      \n        September 1852-April 1853\n        L.? Hunter\n      \n      \n        November 1853\n        Office Abolished\n      \n      \n        February 1854-October 1855\n        E. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\n      \n      \n        October 1855-September 1858\n        Norval E. Foard\n      \n      \n        September 1858-February 1859\n        S. Scott\n      \n      \n        February 1859-September 1859\n        Edward R. Roxbury\n      \n      \n        September 1859-February 1860\n        James A. Clarridge\n      \n      \n        February 1860-April 1861\n        Charles R. Burgess (acting)\n      \n      \n        April 1861-Unknown\n        Edwin N. Wise\n      \n      \n        March 1868\n        Wr. Bushby\n      \n      \n        April 1870-May 1871\n        August Henning\n      \n      \n        July 1871-March 1872\n        W. F. Stansbury\n      \n      \n        March 1872-August 1873\n        Emma J. Young\n      \n      \n        October 1873-March 1876\n        Emily English\n      \n      \n        March 1876\n        Position Eliminated\n      \n      \n        June 1879\n        R. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\n      \n      \n        October 1900-October 1903\n        F. Olive Lyons\n      \n      \n        October 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\n        Alice Green\n      \n      \n        April 1937-December 1938\n        Miss Beatrice Workman\n      \n      \n        January 1939-January 1941\n        Katherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\n      \n      \n        February 1941-June 1948\n        Bessie Watson\n      \n      \n        July 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\n        Ellen C. Burke\n      \n      \n        July 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\n        Jeanne G. Plitt"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://alexlibrary.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|7a4491fe-5b8d-43e9-aa46-69ecce4c0734/\"\u003eClick to view digital materials in this collection\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Digital Materials"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Click to view digital materials in this collection"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item], Alexandria Library Company Records, MS002, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeveral other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["A reprocessing project begun in 2018 incorporated several boxes of previously unprocessed materials dating from the 1960s to the 2000s, with the bulk dating from after 1980. They included many short, overlapping sequences of correspondence, lecture, meeting, and member records which were merged into continuations of established series including primarily correspondence and lectures but also meetings and member correspondence. The \"subject files\" were added to the existing miscellaneous series.","Several other changes were also made. A re-examination of the catalog, subscription, and circulation books was undertaken and most were renumbered, described, and relabeled based on primary source research. The 1794-1861 minute book that had been donated back in 1922 was also discovered misfiled in Ms 98 (which covers the library proper since 1937) and was returned to its original collection. Some letters found in minute books were moved to the correspondence series, and their original locations were bookmarked with acid free paper. Photocopies of catalogs were removed."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nIt particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTranscripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 2\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 3\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 4\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 5\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 6\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 7\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 8\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 9\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 10\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 11\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 12\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 13\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 14\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 15\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 16\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 17\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAlexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e080 LEC 18\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Alexandria Library Records (Ms 98) document the library as a separate institution from 1937 onward.","It particularly complements this collection in its early decades through its administrative correspondence, board correspondence, minutes, annual reports, and organizational records, including contracts with the Alexandria Library Society.","The minutes of the library's executive board (1938-1947) are included in the microfilm version of the library minute books 1794-1947.","Transcripts of library company lectures 2-18 are available in the library.","Lecture series : [transcripts of the audiotapes made of the scholars invited to speak at these annual lectures]\n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #2\n        080 LEC 2\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #3\n        080 LEC 3\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #4\n        080 LEC 4\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #5\n        080 LEC 5\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #6\n        080 LEC 6\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #7\n        080 LEC 7\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #8\n        080 LEC 8\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #9\n        080 LEC 9\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #10\n        080 LEC 10\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #11\n        080 LEC 11\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #12\n        080 LEC 12\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #13\n        080 LEC 13\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #14\n        080 LEC 14\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #15\n        080 LEC 15\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #16\n        080 LEC 16\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #17\n        080 LEC 17\n      \n      \n        Alexandria Library Co. Lecture Series #18\n        080 LEC 18"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of circulation, subscription, and financial ledgers, annual lecture series documents, catalogues, correspondence, and various organizational documents. Topics include: foundation of the\nAlexandria Library Company, its cycles of growth and decline reflecting the local economy; the formation of the local public library system; and the on-going activities of the Alexandria Library Company, most notably its lecture series."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_coll_ssim":["Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria Library Company","Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":147,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z","bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn the 1780s, a discussion group of Alexandria gentlemen called \"The Society for the Promotion of Useful Knowledge\" was formed. In 1794, many of these same individuals gathered to form the nucleus of the Alexandria Library Company (ALC). The ALC was a subscription library modelled after the Philadelphia Library Company, which had also emerged from such a club. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSociety president Reverend John Muir became president of the ALC, a position he would hold for almost 20 years. Many of the library's founders are known to have been members of local Masonic lodges. Elisha Cullen Dick, who had succeeded George Washington as the leader of Lodge 22, was among the first directors of the ALC as well as the secretary of the earlier Society. The first Librarian was Edward Stabler, the proprietor of an apothecary shop. In 1796, Stabler was replaced by James Kennedy, who served as librarian until 1818. Overlaps and family links between the leadership of the library and other Alexandria institutions remained common over the next century and a half. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor a time, the Alexandria Lyceum (founded in 1838) and the ALC shared a physical space as well as similar missions. The Alexandria Lyceum was founded as part of a national movement focused on educational lectures. The union between the two organizations was dissolved in 1844, but the library continued to rent space from the Lyceum. The library was later said to have been in a state of \"suspended animation\" from around 1846 to 1852. In 1852, a \"Young Men's\" group took over under the original charter, publishing a new catalog in 1856. The library continued to operate into the Civil War. It remained in the Lyceum but not without acrimony, which is evident in the Alexandria Gazette in 1860. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn October 1867, an agreement was reached with what was variously referred to as the Alexandria Christian Association and the YMCA for assistance with running the library. The library separated from this organization during the early 1870s. By the second half of the 1870s, the library fell into a decline which the directors blamed on the lack of a published catalog. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first library catalog had been prepared by Kennedy in 1796 and published sometime thereafter. The earliest catalog of which there is an extant copy was published in 1801, followed by another in 1808 of which there are few traces. A more enduring catalog was created in 1815. The 1830s saw publication of a supplement to the 1815 catalog and the creation of a working catalog that would be used into the late 1840s. Normal circulation records end in April 1861 when the library was converted into a military hospital. There are stray entries in May and December before operations resumed on a limited basis in May 1862 and continued at least through that year. Over a thousand volumes were lost during the war. Due to the decline in usage in the 1870s, a new catalog was produced by librarian Emma J. Young in 1872 but never published. After two years with Young's catalog, another was commissioned from Dr. Theo West, which also went unpublished. As a stopgap, handwritten copies were used by patrons. In 1898, a new catalog was created which utilized a decimal system for the first time. The last published catalog was a supplement to the 1912 version. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1870s, appeals were made to the men of Alexandria for support,. The directors met with another \"Young Men's Library Association\" in 1878 without success, records of operations stop after January 1880.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Gazette reported in January 1881 that the books were now in the custody of the school board, whose membership included William F. Carne, a former library company director and the son of one its former presidents. In May 1887 it reported that Carne, as leader of the board's library committee, was inviting associations wishing to participate in re-opening the library to a meeting at the Peabody school building where the books were held, and explained that he had always intended a reading room to be opened to the public once space was freed up for that purpose.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June 1887, the Gazette reported that the \"Reading Circle of Washington and Lee Schools\" organized by teachers two years prior and the YMCA would operate the free library during the summer, in the hope that in September \"an effort will be made, with a very fair prospect of success, to re-organize the Library Company.\" Gazette reports in 1890 and 1891 refer to continued efforts by Carne and others to \"re-open\" the library, and in 1892 being part of a \"committee on the project for a free public library,\" but they did not succeed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the decades after 1870s librarianship not only professionalized but underwent a rapid gender shift, and apart from the periods in which there was no librarian for financial reasons, no male librarians seem to have been employed until well into the 20th century. Women's library organizations had become common nationally, and along with the philanthropy of Andrew Carnegie played a major role in the growth of public libraries in America starting in the late 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1897, the Alexandria Library Association led by Virginia Corse received custody of the books then in possession of the school board. With a modest donation from Carnegie, by 1898 the library was back in business, but as a subscription library, it would not become a free public library for almost 40 years. The new library needed a new librarian, and after one or two initial hires, the association found Alice Green (1865-1956), who would serve from 1902-1937 and in a lesser capacity into the mid-1940s. During this period, space for the library was rented from the United Daughters of the Confederacy (UDC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Depression brought financial hardship. As the crisis worsened in early 1931, the association had obtained $1,000 from the city council to form \"a nucleus for the establishment of a public library.\" Discussion of becoming a public library had been common since the 1920s, as the efforts of Carnegie and others had made them the norm nationally. Attempts were made to sell older books and hold fundraisers as subscription fees dried up. There was also a dispute with the UDC over a rent increase in 1933. The library was aided by the wealth of its members, including a $5,000 bequest in 1935 from its long-time treasurer, Margaret L. Smoot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMembers built political support both on the council and among the public in the mid-1930s and in 1937 it was agreed that a building would be constructed on the site of the old cemetery of the Society of Friends and that the city government would cover annual expenses of no more than $5,000 for the association to operate a free library. One member of the board would be appointed by the city. The new governing organization was rebranded the Alexandria Library Society.  Agreements were signed in January, and the library opened at the Kate Waller Barrett Branch's current location, 717 Queen Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother change after 1937 was the gender composition of the leadership. Men served on the board of the new Society and played prominent roles after 1937. After 1948 they typically occupied the presidency of the organization. Most elections were unanimous, often with women casting most of the votes, but it ceased to be a women's organization. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 a technicality in the Society's contract with the city was brought to the attention of the board. Namely that the $5,000 the city was obligated to provide each year was not the minimum but rather the maximum contribution, and that the higher appropriations it had been making were illegal. The city took this as an opportunity to demand a contract change beyond the funding formula. Although the men of the city council had representation on the board, the women of the Society were still ultimately running the library, and the Society was asked to allow a majority of the executive board to be appointed by the city, and a minority by the Society. That the city legally \"owned the building and all its contents\" so long as it paid $5,000 per year was also pointed out. The Alexandria Library Society signed the new contract, surrendering control of the library in November 1947. In its reduced role, the Society still elected members to the board and received reports from the librarian. It also retained independent funds that could be used for the benefit of the library. With the library now fully the city's responsibility, the membership was also able to more openly advocate for additional funding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother longstanding issue at the library was race. The president's 1928 annual report had endorsed becoming a \"free city library,\" but feared that becoming a Carnegie library \"would bring in some elements hitherto unknown and I think undesirable in our Library.\" In the 1930s the library association favored providing segregated facilities, but, after repeated meetings with the city council, failed to achieve even that modest goal. In the 13 March, 1939, minutes, the issue was revisited yet again, but without result. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFour days later on 17 March 1939, Sergeant George Wilson was turned down for a library card because of his race and Samuel Tucker filed a civil rights lawsuit against the librarian on his behalf. Plans for a segregated facility were dusted off, and new staff was hired so that the librarian could focus on the controversy. On 21 August 1939, several black men organized by Tucker entered the library and followed Wilson's example, but after being refused, seated themselves in the library with books, beginning America's first library sit-in. It ended only after the city manager called the police, and all were arrested. The lawsuit was dismissed on technical grounds, but to prevent a new lawsuit the city approved the Robert H. Robinson branch, which opened in 1940. Tucker refused to accept a card there. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA major issue in the early 1950s was the push to expand the overcrowded main library serving the white community. The white librarian at the time, who had been hired in a junior capacity during Tucker's campaign in 1939, suggested to the Society that the expansion could be an opportunity to integrate. In the midst of the debates over expansion and additional funding, an opportunity emerged to purchase a neighboring building on the corner of North Columbus and Queen, which was later demolished. This prompted a discussion about the Alexandria Library Society's connection to the original library company. It was decided to change the name from the \"Alexandria Library Society\" to the \"Alexandria Library Company,\" make the appropriate filings with the state government, and reinstate the 1799 charter, which would be revised by the legislature in the 1980s to help obtain tax-exempt status from the IRS.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis name change was completed at one of the company's most consequential meetings in February 1956. Every member was asked to sign their name in the minute book to signal their assent. A letter from a local civil rights activist questioning the legality of library segregation was also read, but deemed the province of the library board, which referred the matter back to the company whose reply is not preserved.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMember Mangum Weeks thereupon raised the question of the future role of the Library Company, and proposed resuming the tradition of annual lectures dating from the Lyceum period using funds from the newly instituted membership dues. This proposal was adopted, and preparing the annual lectures soon became a major focus of the Company. The Library Company continues to appoint members to the board of the Alexandria Library and hold its annual lecture series. It commissioned a new history of the library by William Seale in 2007, which can be found at the Local History and Special Collections Branch.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eChronological listings for both presidents of the board and librarians up to the modern day.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003ePresidents of the Library Company and Its Successors\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1813\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRev. James Muir\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1813-February 1815\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1815-March 1824\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1824-February 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHugh Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1829-February 1835\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Richards\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1835-February 1840\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn Roberts\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1840-1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eElias Harrison\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003e1852-February 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJ. Louis Kinzer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFrancis Miller\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858- February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCaleb S. Hallowell\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam G. Cazenove\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-February 1870\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard L. Carne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1870-February 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eK. Kemper\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1873-October 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSamuel H. Janney\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-February 1874\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSidney C. Neale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1874-June 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMercer Slaughter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1897-October 1905\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eVirginia Corse\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1906-June 1925\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Samuel. L. Monroe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1925-April 1930\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eLoula Smoot\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1930-November 1933\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Henry B. Soule, [Jessie E. Soule]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1933-December 1934\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMary Lloyd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1934-December 1936\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSusan Thomson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1936-November 1937\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Louis Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1937-November 1944\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Curtis Backus\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1944-November 1946\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. [Lawrence] Fawcett, [Mary Fawcett]\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1946-November 1947\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1947-October 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e[Miss Anne] Lewis Jones\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1948-October 1949\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Horne\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1949-October 1950\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Stanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1950-December 1951\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. [Joseph] Crockett\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eDecember 1951-February 1955\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMr. Robert Moncure\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1955-February 1957\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. [W. Bruce] Silcox\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1957-February 1959\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eStanley King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1959-February 1962\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMangum Weeks\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1962-February 1963\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard Bales\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1963-February 1965\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDonald King\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1965-February 1967\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid Squires\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1967-February 1969\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHoward Worth Smith Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1969-February 1971\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Francis Smith\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1971-February 1972\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJohn T. Ticer\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1972-February 1974\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDavid M. Abshire\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1974-February 1976\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Merill Beede\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1976-February 1978\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Douglas Lindsey\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1978-February 1980\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eClarke T. Cooper Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1980-February 1982\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Seale\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1982-February 1983\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDenys Peter Myers\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1983-February 1985\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam B. Hurd\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1985-February 1986\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge J. Stansfield\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1986-February 1987\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Ernest A. Connally\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1987-February 1989\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDr. Wilton C. Corkern, Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1989-March 1991\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Lewis\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1991-March 1992\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMrs. Anne Smith Paul\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1992-March 1993\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichard R. G. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1993-March 1995\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eDabney Waring\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1995-March 1997\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames R. Hobson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1997-March 1998\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRobert C. Reed\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1998-March 2000\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNeil Horstman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2000-March 2002\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCarroll Johnson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 2002-March 2003\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eThomas C. Brown Jr.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n    ","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eLibrarians of Alexandria\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1794-February 1796\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward Stabler\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1796-February 1818\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames Kennedy\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1818-August 1826\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWilliam Cranch\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eAugust 1826-October 1829\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. Samuel Mark\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1829-March 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eGeorge Drinker\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1845-September 1845\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames M. Eaches\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1845-September 1852\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eC.F. Stuart\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eH. W. P. Junius\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1852-April 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eL.? Hunter\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eNovember 1853\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eOffice Abolished\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1854-October 1855\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eE. M.[Magruder?] Lowe\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1855-September 1858\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNorval E. Foard\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1858-February 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eS. Scott\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1859-September 1859\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdward R. Roxbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeptember 1859-February 1860\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJames A. Clarridge\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1860-April 1861\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCharles R. Burgess (acting)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1861-Unknown\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEdwin N. Wise\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1868\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWr. Bushby\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1870-May 1871\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAugust Henning\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1871-March 1872\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eW. F. Stansbury\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1872-August 1873\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmma J. Young\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1873-March 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmily English\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eMarch 1876\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePosition Eliminated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJune 1879\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eR. Pendleton Bruin (unofficial? acting?)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1900-October 1903\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eF. Olive Lyons\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eOctober 1903-April 1937 (continued part-time, mentioned up to 1946)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eAlice Green\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eApril 1937-December 1938\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eMiss Beatrice Workman\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJanuary 1939-January 1941\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eKatherine Scoggin (later Martyn)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFebruary 1941-June 1948\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBessie Watson\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1948-June 1969 (hired part-time October 1939, letter of resignation later that month)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEllen C. Burke\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eJuly 1969-October 1992 (librarian from 1958)\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eJeanne G. Plitt\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "]}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_128"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_11.xml","title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1750-1983","1825-1875"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1750-1983"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1825-1875"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"text":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11","Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History","Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States.","Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564","The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.","Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.","Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939","The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"collection_ssim":["Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"unitid_tesim":["MS019","/repositories/2/resources/11"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.)","Alexandria (Va.) -- History"],"creator_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jails -- Alexandria (Va.)","Jails -- United States.","Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","City councils.","Elections -- Virginia.","Court administration -- United States."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"extent_tesim":["30.48 Cubic Feet 73 Boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMicrofiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564\u003c/p\u003e  "],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Microfiche Collection--Sweeney Papers \nMicrofilm Collection--Judge Daniel O'Flaherty Collection--Alexandria Town Council \nMicrofilm Collection--Reels #00027, 00070, 00431, 00473, 00479, 00481, 00548, 00552, 00564"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into the following series: \nI--Auditor (1809-1954)--subdivided into twenty-four (24) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nII--Treasurer (1818-1923)--chronological by year; \nIII--Mayor (1831-1877)--chronological by year; \nIV--City Council (1800-1954)--subdivided into eleven (11) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nV--Clerk of the Council (1785-1874)--chronological by year; \nVI--Commissioners of the Sinking Fund (1845-1876)--chronological by year; \nVII--Commissioner of the Revenue (1795-1946)--includes commissioner as tax assessor, (see attached folder listing), chronological by year; \nVIII--Corporation Officers (1795-1876)--arrangement as per the 1898-1899 Annual Report where possible, the rest alphabetically, each chronological by year; \nIX--Gas Works and Water Works (1856-1876)--chronological by year; \nX--Court Records (1791-1957)--subdivided into eight (8) subseries (see attached folder listing), each chronological by year; \nXI--Elections (1808-1883)--subdivided into Poll Books, by ward and year, and returns, chronological by year; \nXII--City Manager (1936-1966)--subdivided into four (4) subseries (see attached folder list), each chronological by year; \nXIII--City Engineer (1910-1935)--chronological by year; \nXIV--City Jail (1956-1957)--Chronological by year; \nXV--Alexandria redevelopment and Housing Authority (1951-1958)--chronological by year; \nXVI--Department of Planning and Urban Renewal (1956-1965)--chronological by year; \nXVII--Various City Officials (1922-1983)--alphabetical by title, then chronological (sse attached folder listing); \nXVIII--Annual Reports (1954-1983)--chronological by year; \nXIX--Miscellaneous (175?-1932)--alphabetical by title, \nXX--Personal Property Tax Records (1870-1950-incomplete) chronolgical by year, \nXXI-Land Books (1926-1928, 1930-1950), chronological by year."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexandria, a major port city along the Potomac River, was founded in 1749. Ceded by Virginia to the federal government in 1801 to be part of the nation's capital, Alexandria was retroceded in 1847. During the Civil War, Union forces occupied and governed Alexandria. In 1922, the city adopted the Council-City Manager form of government."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.","[Item identification], Alexandria Virginia City Records, MS019, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBuilding Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\u003cbr\u003e\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939\u003cbr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Building Permits (MS040), 1892-1929\nPlumbing Permits (MS046), 1936-1939"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection contains reports, correspondence, account books, minutes, warrants, court orders, vouchers, bills to be paid and to be collected, some printed matter, stocks and bonds, petitions, election returns, and poll books, ranging in date from 1750 to 1983, predominately 1825-1875. Topics include both the city auditor and the city treasurer records of receipts and expenditures for many city functions--the poor house, the police, employee pay records, etc.--, election results, the issuance of Corporation stocks and bonds, railroads, and canals."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_11"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cazenove Family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s. The first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_27.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/27","title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"text":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970","MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27","Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence","The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","The correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","Certain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","Subfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","Series 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","Subseries:","Family Correspondence","Personal Correspondence","Business Correspondence","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","Subfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","Series 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","Subseries:","Business Records","Records Books","Deeds","Estates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos","Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","Paul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874).","Ann Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","Eliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890).","William Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","Louis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","Louis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.","MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","MS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","Two letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","An 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","There are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","The Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","The Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.","This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","The Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","The second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","Both parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"unitid_tesim":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCertain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e    Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Inventions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Personal Records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Printed Material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Louis A. DeCazenove\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Business\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Records\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDeeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEstates and Guardianships\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Printed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: News Clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Photos\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","The correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","Certain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","Subfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","Series 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","Subseries:","Family Correspondence","Personal Correspondence","Business Correspondence","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","Subfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","Series 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","Subseries:","Business Records","Records Books","Deeds","Estates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAnn Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWilliam Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","Paul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874).","Ann Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","Eliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890).","William Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","Louis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","Louis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTwo letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAn 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","MS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","Two letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","An 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","There are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","The Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","The Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBoth parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","The Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","The second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","Both parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_27.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/27","title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1786-1970"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1786-1970"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1786/1970"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"text":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970","MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27","Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence","The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","The correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","Certain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","Subfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","Series 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","Subseries:","Family Correspondence","Personal Correspondence","Business Correspondence","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","Subfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","Series 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","Subseries:","Business Records","Records Books","Deeds","Estates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos","Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","Paul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874).","Ann Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","Eliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890).","William Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","Louis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","Louis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.","MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","MS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","Two letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","An 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","There are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","The Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","The Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.","This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","The Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","The second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","Both parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"collection_ssim":["Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"unitid_tesim":["MS212","/repositories/2/resources/27"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"creators_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","Business records","Families -- Alexandria (Va.)","Farquhar family.","Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["8.06  Linear Feet 15 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Inventions","Passports","Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nCertain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e    Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFamily Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePersonal Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Correspondence\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Inventions\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: Personal Records\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Printed Material\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 8: Louis A. DeCazenove\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSubfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nSeries 1: Correspondence\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 2: Business\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  Subseries:\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBusiness Records\n    \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Books\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nDeeds\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEstates and Guardianships\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 4: Printed\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 5: News Clippings\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6: Miscellaneous\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 7: Photos\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two sub-fonds, the first consisting of records from James O'Hara Cazenove and his son and the second apparently collected by his father covering himself and the older part of the family.","The correspondence and business records in both are divided into different subseries, reflecting an effort to keep business affairs separate from family correspondence. Much of the correspondence in the O'Hara part of the collection is arranged by correspondent or alphabetically and then chronologically. In the second sub-fonds most of the correspondence is chronological apart from the Stanard and Craig family correspondence having been separated from other family correspondence at some point in time.","Certain records deemed fragile or valuable were separated from the older material at some point and have been listed at the end of series but not necessarily in chronological order as that would have placed the items within separately listed folders.","Subfonds 1: James O'Hara Cazenove, 1873-1970","Series 1: Correspondence, 1902-1970","Subseries:","Family Correspondence","Personal Correspondence","Business Correspondence","Legal Correspondence\n    \nSeries 2: Financial Documents","Series 3: Legal Documents","Series 4: Inventions","Series 5: Personal Records","Series 6: Printed Material","Series 7: Miscellaneous","Series 8: Louis A. DeCazenove","Subfonds 2: Louis A. Cazenove, 1786-1946","Series 1: Correspondence","Series 2: Business","Subseries:","Business Records","Records Books","Deeds","Estates and Guardianships","Series 3: Legal Documents, 1786-1926","Series 4: Printed","Series 5: News Clippings","Series 6: Miscellaneous","Series 7: Photos"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAnthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nPaul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAnn Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nEliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nWilliam Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nLouis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852) was born in Geneva, Switzerland. Imprisoned during the revolution, he immigrated to the United States in 1794 and went into business with Treasury Secretary Albert Gallatin in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. He married Ann Hogan of Philadelphia (1776-1843), and moved to Alexandria, Virginia where he established Cazenove and Co. The couple had 10 children.","Paul Charles Cazenove (1799-1801) died in childhood. Charles John Cazenove (1801-1834) married Sarah Greenleaf of Boston to whom a letter from A. C. Cazenove survives.  Paulina Cazenove (1806-1891) married John Fowle. Charlotte Cazenove (1812-1836) married North Carolina Congressman William B. Shepard. Octavius Anthony Cazenove (1813-1841). Harriet Cazenove (1817-1861) who married Gazaway Lamar of Georgia (1798-1874).","Ann Maria Cazenove (1803-1859) married General Archibald Henderson. Their daughter Charlotte married into the DuPont family.","Eliza Frances Cazenove (1798-1857) married William C. Gardner (1791-1844) their children included Constance T. Gardner  (1820-1849) who married Maryland Congressman Henry Winter Davis (1817-1865) and Anne Eliza Gardner (1819-1885), who married Cassius F. Lee (1808-1890).","William Gardner Cazenove (1819-1877) married Mary Elizabeth Stanard (1822-1892) and had a son named Anthony Charles Cazenove (1849-1897). William took over management of Cazenove and Co. in partnership with Lee and was later the guardian for one of the Gardner children.","Louis Albert Cazenove (1807-1852) married Frances Ansley (1820-1847) in 1837 and had Frances E. Cazenove (1838-1884) and Charlotte Louise Cazenove (1840-1914). He later remarried to Harriett Stuart Turberville (1823-1896) of the Lee family and had a son named Louis A. Cazenove (1851-1925). Cassius F. Lee became the guardian of these children after 1852.","Louis A. Cazenove (b 1851) married Mary O'Hara and had two sons. Louis A. DeCazenove (1878-1852) who changed his last name to an older Swiss version worked as a chemical Engineer at Dupont and married Edith Patton Cazenove. James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971) was an inventor, engineer, and investor, and was considered the last of the family."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item idenfitication], Cazenove Family Papers, MS212, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nMS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nTwo letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nAn 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThere are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["MS293 contains a ledger from Cazenove and Co. dated 1857-1861 when it was managed by William Gardner Lee, the son of A. C. Cazenove, and Cassius F. Lee. Duke University holds records of Cazenove and Co for 1860-1868 including a list of debtors.","MS240 contains a number of Cazenove related documents including:","Two letters of A.C. Cazenove, one undated detailing the surrender of Alexandria in August 1814 and the other to Sarah E. Greenleaf in 1826. (MS240, box 10).","An 1874 certificate of Louis A. Cazenove (b. 1851) from the University of Virginia (MS240, oversize 2)","3 stock certificates of A.C. Cazenove for the Middle Turnpike Company (1831), Alexandria Steam Ferry Company (1839), and Alexandria Marine Railway Company (1849-1851) (MS240, box 6)","There are also receipts for Mrs. Harriot E. Cazenove (1823-1896), the widow of Louis A. Cazenove (d. 1852), from Wise and Co Insurance Agents (1889) (MS240, box 5) and Smoot and Co (1894-1896) (MS240 box 4).","The Winterthur Museum of Winterthur Delaware also holds the \"Cazenove-Lee Family Papers\" (Col. 83) which contains extensive records of A. C. Cazenove and the early history of the family. This primarily covers the 18th century including in Switzerland.","The Library of Congress also holds a number of manuscript letters from A.C. Cazenove to President James Madison."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nThe second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\nBoth parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection covers the history of the Cazenove Family of Alexandria from the 1790s to the 1970s.\nThe first part of the collection features records from James O'Hara Cazenove (1880-1971), consisting primarily of correspondence and records relating to his business interests and investments, as well as legal documents and business related litigation. Some of the correspondence and notebooks relate to his role as an inventor including a patent for an improved eggbeater from the 1920s. It also includes records from his brother, Louis A. deCazenove (1851-1925), primarily related to his education at Cornell University.","The Second part of the collection concerns the earlier generations of the family focusing on James O'Hara's father and grandfather, both named Louis A. Cazenove (1807-1852 and 1851-1925), and his great grandfather Anthony Charles Cazenove (1775-1852). Researchers should be cautious about the reuse of family names, as there are two Anthony Charles' and three Louis A.s.","The second part consists primarily of correspondence and early business records from Alexandria, including early ledgers and receipts as well as legal documents such as deeds. There are also early passports relating to international travel and documents about the consular positions held by A.C. Cazenove in the early 19th century. There is also a family history in French from 1872.","Both parts of the collection include the records of estates, trusts, and guardianships, as wealth passed from one generation to the next."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family"],"persname_ssim":["Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Cazenove Family","Lee Family","Farquhar Family","Cazenove, Anthony Charles, 1775-1852","Cazenove, Louis A. (Louis Albert), 1807-1852","Cazenove, Louis A., 1851-1925","Cazenove, James O'Hara, 1880-1971","deCazenove, Louis A., 1878-1952","Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","Cazenove, William Gardner, 1819-1877","Cazenove, Mary Elizabeth Stanard, 1822-1892","Cazenove, Antony, 1849-1897","Lee, Cassius F., 1808-1890","Cazenove, Eliza Frances, 1798-1857","Gardner, Anne Eliza, 1819-1885"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":249,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_27"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris Cummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main focus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records contain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026amp; Sons from a small bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with packaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a cracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is documentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to Ricketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands. The Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_54.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/54","title_ssm":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071)"],"title_tesim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1904"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1904"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"text":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904","MS071","Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters.","Organized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.","The JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form.","William Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026 Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026 Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria.","Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)","This collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026 Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"collection_ssim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS071"],"unitid_tesim":["MS071"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Esther Green Estate, 1982."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.","The JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026amp; Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026amp; Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026 Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026 Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], John Thomas Ricketts Papers, MS071, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], John Thomas Ricketts Papers, MS071, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\" show=\"new\" actuate=\"onRequest\"\u003eHelen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026amp; Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026 Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_54.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/54","title_ssm":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071)"],"title_tesim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1787-1904"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1787-1904"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1787/1904"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"text":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904","MS071","Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters.","Organized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.","The JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form.","William Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026 Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026 Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria.","Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)","This collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026 Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"collection_ssim":["John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS071"],"unitid_tesim":["MS071"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"geogname_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"places_ssim":["Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy."],"creator_ssm":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of the Esther Green Estate, 1982."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Ricketts family","Cummings family","Cameron Mills","Bakeries.","Letters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Linear Feet 3 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by series according to the creators and/or collectors of the materials.","The JT Ricketts series is then broken down by subseries and activity and/or form."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWilliam Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026amp; Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026amp; Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["William Ricketts (originally Ricard), an Englishman, was the first member of the Ricketts family to settle in the colonies. He chose Cecil County as his home. David Ricketts (1765-1831), a descendant of William, moved from Cecil County to Tuscarora Mill in Loudoun County, Virginia with his wife Elizabeth Barr Ricketts (1763-1829), sometime in the late 18th century. Their son, John Thomas (JT) Ricketts (1805-1863) was born at the Mill. Soon after, David and Elizabeth moved their family to Cameron Mill in Cameron, Virginia. Cameron was located just outside of Alexandria, Virginia.\nIn 1833, JT Ricketts married Susan Wattson (1814-1843) and relocated to Philadelphia, her native city. Together they had six children. Susan's father, Thomas Wattson (1788-1874), brought JT into his baking business, T. Wattson \u0026 Sons. The company baked biscuits, crackers, and breads specially packaged for use on ships as well as cakes and breads for local consumption. In 1852, JT\nbought Thomas out of the business and formed Wattson \u0026 Co. with his brother-in-law, Edwin Wattson.\nTheir partnership lasted until April of 1855 when a feud between Ricketts and Thomas Wattson caused a rift in the two family's relations. JT then created his own baking company, Ricketts and Wattson. JT Ricketts died in 1863. Norris Cummings (1834-1904), Ricketts' son-in-law, acted as executor of his estate. He ran Ricketts and Wattson until 1865, when the bakery was sold. Helen Cummings (1865-1949), the daughter of Emma Ricketts Cummings and Norris Cummings, became the custodian of JT Ricketts' papers upon her parents' deaths. She moved from\nPhiladelphia to Alexandria in 1894, where she began researching and collecting Ricketts family genealogies. She died in Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], John Thomas Ricketts Papers, MS071, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], John Thomas Ricketts Papers, MS071, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextref href=\"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/12\" show=\"new\" actuate=\"onRequest\"\u003eHelen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Helen Norris Cummings Papers (MS072)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026amp; Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection has three series: the papers of JT Ricketts, of Norris\nCummings and of Helen Cummings. The Ricketts series makes up the bulk of the collection. Its main\nfocus is on Ricketts' business records, but some personal documents are included. The business records\ncontain financial, legal and administrative materials. They trace the rise of T. Wattson \u0026 Sons from a\nsmall bakery into an industrial \"steam\" bakery that supplied organizations such as the US Navy with\npackaged bread products. This development was made possible by the company's purchase of a\ncracker molding machine patent to mass produce bakery goods. Also found in the Ricketts' series is\ndocumentation of the divisive feud between Thomas Wattson and Ricketts and records relating to\nRicketts' investments in Pennsylvania coal and timber lands.\nThe Norris Cummings series consists of a few letters, accounts and printed materials. The Helen Cummings series is made up of Ricketts family genealogical materials including a family bible, correspondence to relatives and genealogical organizations and family trees."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ricketts, John Thomas, 1805-1863","Cummings, Norris Stanley, 1834-1904","Cummings, Helen Norris, 1865-1949"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_54"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family. James Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many books in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\".\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_40.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/40","title_ssm":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277)"],"title_tesim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1753-1834"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1753-1834"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1753/1834"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"text":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834","MS277","Rare books","James Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton.","This collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\".","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"collection_ssim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS277"],"unitid_tesim":["MS277"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Rare books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Rare books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\"."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_40.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/40","title_ssm":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277)"],"title_tesim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1753-1834"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1753-1834"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1753/1834"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"text":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834","MS277","Rare books","James Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton.","This collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\".","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"collection_ssim":["Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS277"],"unitid_tesim":["MS277"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Rare books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Rare books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 Box"],"date_range_isim":[1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["James Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in some sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a bookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah Kennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James Kennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin Barton."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection is from the Kennedy-Barton family.\nJames Kennedy (1753-1816) was a druggist based in Alexandria and in\nsome sources he is listed as Doctor. He also was an owner of a\nbookstore by the name of \"Kennedy and Sons\". His daughter Sarah\nKennedy (1781-1834) married John Gird. She was the owner of many\nbooks in this collection, and many were gifts from her father James\nKennedy. This collection also contains books owned by Benjamin\nBarton. See also \"Vertical File Bio. Kennedy\"."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Kennedy, James, Jr. , Dr., 1752-1816","Gird, Sarah (Kennedy), 1782-1834","Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_40"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_101.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/101","title_ssm":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245)"],"title_tesim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1790-1859, (bulk, 1839-1840)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1790-1859, (bulk, 1839-1840)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790/1859"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"text":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859","MS245","Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"collection_ssim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS245"],"unitid_tesim":["MS245"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.6 Linear Feet 1 box","1.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.6 Linear Feet 1 box","1.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_101.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/101","title_ssm":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245)"],"title_tesim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1790-1859, (bulk, 1839-1840)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1790-1859, (bulk, 1839-1840)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1790/1859"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"text":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859","MS245","Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"collection_ssim":["Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS245"],"unitid_tesim":["MS245"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lyceum (Alexandria, Va.)","Construction + architecture","Deeds -- Virginia -- Alexandria."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.6 Linear Feet 1 box","1.6 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["1.6 Linear Feet 1 box","1.6 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:26.539Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_101"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"McKnight family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials. Contents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_47.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/47","title_ssm":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051)"],"title_tesim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1792-1973 (bulk, 1800-1865)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1792-1973 (bulk, 1800-1865)."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"text":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973","MS051","Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters.","Three series of family papers; one oversized box","Captain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812.","This collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"collection_ssim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS051"],"unitid_tesim":["MS051"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["McKnight family"],"creator_ssim":["McKnight family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["McKnight family"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Many of the Letters sub-series, purchased from Katherine P. Howard, August 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.64 Cubic Feet 5 boxes; 1 oversized box."],"extent_tesim":["2.64 Cubic Feet 5 boxes; 1 oversized box."],"physfacet_tesim":["McKnight Series:\nBox 51 \n1 Affidavits and legal correspondence 1928-30\n2 Antigua papers 1928-30\n3 Bill of Complaint, Estate of William P. McKnight, 1927\n4 Civil War Letters Index\n5 Civil War Letters 1861\n6 Civil War Letters 1862\n7 Civil War Letters 1863\n8 Civil War Letters 1864\n9 Civil War Letters 1865\n10 Copy book John McKnight 1819-20\n11 Harbor and Ballast Master papers 1792-1815\n12 Inaugural ball invitation 1849\n13 Land records 1802-17\n14 McKnight, Charles biographical information (prepared Jan. 1970)\n15 McKnight document index (prepared by Jean Elliot)\n16 McKnight genealogy\n17 McKnight kidnapping 1822-24\n18 McKnight letters: family 1802-1973\n19 McKnight letters: Captain John 1822-24\n20 McKnight letters: William to Mother 1816-1854\nBox 52A \n21 McKnight letterbook, Captain John 1822\n22 McKnight, William P. and Jacobs, Margaret miniature portraits\n23 Mechanic's Hall Institute, Annual Circular, 1851-52\n24 Newspaper clippings\n25 Sale and Rental Deeds 1783-1925\n26 Schooner Fair Play, account book 1810-1811\n27 Shipping correspondence 1802-1828\n28 Suffer to pass, 1820\n29 Will: Baldwin, P. McK 1916\n30 Will: McKnight, Charles 1853\n31 Will: McKnight, William P. 1929\nPiercy Series:\n32 Piercy family genealogy\n33 Piercy family legal documents 1793-1824\n34 Piercy family military records 1777-1780\n35 Piercy family tree\n36 Piercy tax list 1788-93\n\nJacobs Series:\n37 Jacobs \u0026 Chew Genealogy\n38 Jacobs family letters 1828-1924\n39 Jacobs family legal documents 1805-1851\nBox 52B Oversized documents\nBoxes 52C, 52D Photocopies"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThree series of family papers; one oversized box\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Three series of family papers; one oversized box"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection, MS051, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection, MS051, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["McKnight family"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_47.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/47","title_ssm":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051)"],"title_tesim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1792-1973 (bulk, 1800-1865)."],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1792-1973 (bulk, 1800-1865)."],"normalized_date_ssm":["1792/1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"text":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973","MS051","Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Letters.","Three series of family papers; one oversized box","Captain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812.","This collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"collection_ssim":["McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS051"],"unitid_tesim":["MS051"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- Genealogy.","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865"],"creator_ssm":["McKnight family"],"creator_ssim":["McKnight family"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creator_famname_ssim":["McKnight family"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Many of the Letters sub-series, purchased from Katherine P. Howard, August 1981."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Letters."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Letters."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2.64 Cubic Feet 5 boxes; 1 oversized box."],"extent_tesim":["2.64 Cubic Feet 5 boxes; 1 oversized box."],"physfacet_tesim":["McKnight Series:\nBox 51 \n1 Affidavits and legal correspondence 1928-30\n2 Antigua papers 1928-30\n3 Bill of Complaint, Estate of William P. McKnight, 1927\n4 Civil War Letters Index\n5 Civil War Letters 1861\n6 Civil War Letters 1862\n7 Civil War Letters 1863\n8 Civil War Letters 1864\n9 Civil War Letters 1865\n10 Copy book John McKnight 1819-20\n11 Harbor and Ballast Master papers 1792-1815\n12 Inaugural ball invitation 1849\n13 Land records 1802-17\n14 McKnight, Charles biographical information (prepared Jan. 1970)\n15 McKnight document index (prepared by Jean Elliot)\n16 McKnight genealogy\n17 McKnight kidnapping 1822-24\n18 McKnight letters: family 1802-1973\n19 McKnight letters: Captain John 1822-24\n20 McKnight letters: William to Mother 1816-1854\nBox 52A \n21 McKnight letterbook, Captain John 1822\n22 McKnight, William P. and Jacobs, Margaret miniature portraits\n23 Mechanic's Hall Institute, Annual Circular, 1851-52\n24 Newspaper clippings\n25 Sale and Rental Deeds 1783-1925\n26 Schooner Fair Play, account book 1810-1811\n27 Shipping correspondence 1802-1828\n28 Suffer to pass, 1820\n29 Will: Baldwin, P. McK 1916\n30 Will: McKnight, Charles 1853\n31 Will: McKnight, William P. 1929\nPiercy Series:\n32 Piercy family genealogy\n33 Piercy family legal documents 1793-1824\n34 Piercy family military records 1777-1780\n35 Piercy family tree\n36 Piercy tax list 1788-93\n\nJacobs Series:\n37 Jacobs \u0026 Chew Genealogy\n38 Jacobs family letters 1828-1924\n39 Jacobs family legal documents 1805-1851\nBox 52B Oversized documents\nBoxes 52C, 52D Photocopies"],"date_range_isim":[1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThree series of family papers; one oversized box\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Three series of family papers; one oversized box"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCaptain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Captain John McKnight (1705-1786) was born in Scotland and came to America about 1735 settling in Pennsylvania. His son, William (1733-1812) was commissioned a Captain in the First Battalion of the Pennsylvania Regiment and with his command participated in the capture of Fort Duquesne. William moved to Alexandria in 1775 and soon thereafter began operating McKnight's Tavern. William fathered two sons: Charles (1774-1853) and John (1769-\n1834). Charles was a Captain of the Independent Blues and later took over the tavern renaming it Eagle Tavern. He never married. John, a sea captain, piloted the Polly and Nancy and was a partowner in the Schooner Adventure. John married Catherine Piercy; they had 12 children -- one of whom was William H. McKnight, who married Margaret Jacobs. They begot Charles H. and William P. McKnight.\nCaptain Piercy came to Alexandria in 1792 and established a pottery on a 1/2 acre plot on the northeast corner of Duke and Washington Streets. Two of his other brothers, Christian and Jacob were also potters. All three brothers served in the Revolutionary War and all three spent the winter of 1777-78 at Valley Forge. Henry served in every battle of the Revolution with George Washington except the Battle of Yorktown in 1782 near which he was wounded 2 days before the battle.\nPresley Jacobs, an Alexandria tailor, married Elizabeth Chew. Presley was a member of the Alexandria Lodge of Masons. His father served in McKnight's Regiment in the War of 1812."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection, MS051, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection, MS051, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of three series related to the McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs families. In each series there are sub-series of letters, legal documents, and genealogical materials.\nContents also include military records, harbor and ballast master papers, an 1849 inaugural ball invitation, and miniature portraits of William P. McKnight and Margaret Jacobs. McKnight correspondence relates to the Civil War."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"famname_ssim":["McKnight family"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","McKnight family"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_47"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_26.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/26","title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"text":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","MS267","Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Additional materials donated in 1995","The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.","The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.","Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.","The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"collection_ssim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS267"],"unitid_tesim":["MS267"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials donated in 1995\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional materials donated in 1995"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_26.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/26","title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1794-1893"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1794-1893"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1794/1893"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"text":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","MS267","Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria","Additional materials donated in 1995","The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.","The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.","Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.","The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"collection_ssim":["Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS267"],"unitid_tesim":["MS267"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"creators_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Fire departments -- Virginia -- Alexandria"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 2 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional materials donated in 1995\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Additional materials donated in 1995"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The material is arranged chronologically by type of correspondence or business-related transaction. Arrangement repeated for Box 2 added in 1995."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Alexandria Fire Department included five different volunteer fire companies during the period covered in these records. The first was the Friendship Fire Company, founded in 1774 and located on 107 South Alfred Street. Next was the Sun Fire Company in 1775. The Relief Fire Company was begun in 1788 and was located at 315 Prince Street. The Star Fire Company was started in 1799 and combined with the Friendship in 1852. Its new name was the Columbia Engine Company #4, when it was equipped with a new steam-powered fire engine in 1883. It was located at 109 South St. Asaph Street. In 1827, the Hydraulion Fire Company was founded. It was located at 1210 Cameron Street.","Each household in Alexandria purchased fire insurance and was assigned a specific fire company in case of disaster. The volunteer fire companies would not assist anyone without a plaque on their domicile or business, proving they were legitimately covered with insurance from the Fire Insurance Company of Alexandria."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Milton Penn Collection, MS267, Alexandria Library, Local History/Special Collections, Alexandria, Va."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Alexandria vertical file: Fire Department, Old\nCharles Sampson collections, MS053 and MS126."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers in this collection cover all of the Alexandria Fire Department's business and legal transactions over a span of one hundred years. The canceled checks show the many expenditures necessary to outfit, maintain, and operate the volunteer fire companies. There are also many receipts from commercial firms who provisioned, repaired, serviced and supplied the volunteer fire companies. The Alexandria Common Council appropriated money each year to cover the entire Fire Department.","Many reports to the Common Council are included. These contain appropriations for the fire companies, fire warden appointees and resignations, construction and repair of fire houses, minutes of Fire Department meetings, the establishment of a Fire Department Board of Directors and the enactment of laws covering fire house bells and assembly at fire houses.","One report from the Fire Department, dated May 8, 1860, describes how much usable hose each fire company has on-hand and requests purchase of more hose, in linear feet. A quarterly report dated August 15, 1851 lists the number of members in each fire company: The Sun had 111; the Relief, 63; the Friendship, 76; the Star, 47; and the Hydraulion, 52."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":25,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_26"}},{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ramsay family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_44.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/44","title_ssm":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012)"],"title_tesim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1742-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1742-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1742/1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"text":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960","MS012","Genealogy","The Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery.","Ramsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family","This Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"collection_ssim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS012"],"unitid_tesim":["MS012"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ramsay family"],"creators_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 box, 8 files including account book, papers, diary"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 box, 8 files including account book, papers, diary"],"date_range_isim":[1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Ramsay Family Papers, MS012, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Ramsay Family Papers, MS012, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRamsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ramsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ramsay House"],"famname_ssim":["Ramsay family"],"persname_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_ssi":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","_root_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","_nest_parent_":"vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/ALEX/repositories_2_resources_44.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://alexlibraryva.libraryhost.com/repositories/2/resources/44","title_ssm":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012)"],"title_tesim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1742-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1742-1960"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1742/1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"text":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960","MS012","Genealogy","The Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery.","Ramsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family","This Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries.","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"collection_ssim":["Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS012"],"unitid_tesim":["MS012"],"repository_ssm":["Alexandria Library"],"repository_ssim":["Alexandria Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_ssim":["Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Ramsay family"],"creators_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955","Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 box, 8 files including account book, papers, diary"],"extent_tesim":[".46 Cubic Feet 1 box, 8 files including account book, papers, diary"],"date_range_isim":[1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Ramsay Family has been a part of Alexandria since the City was established in 1749. The early Ramsay family members bought property, established homes and businesses, and participated in the City government.\nThe Ramsay House, located on King Street, was moved to this location around 1749. The house, after several renovations, now houses the Alexandria Tourist Center.\nRebecca Ramsay Reese (she married Robert Miller Reese in 1900) was the daughter of George William and Harriet Fawctt Ramsay. SHe is a descendent of William Ramsay, on the the founders of Alexandria and of Dennis Ramsay who was a mayor of Alexandria and a peer of George Washington. Mrs. Reese was born April 22, 1870 in the family homse at 517 Cameron. Her interest in preservation started in early life and the knowledge in this area led her to becme a prominent figure in Alexandria. She was instrumental in the restoration of the Stabler-Leadbeater Apothecary Shop, Gadsby's Tavern, Christ Church, and helped raise funds for the restoration of Woodlawn Plantation. \nMrs. Reese died July 19, 1955 at her residence in Alexandria and is buried in Presbyterian Cemetery."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Item identification], Ramsay Family Papers, MS012, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Item identification], Ramsay Family Papers, MS012, Alexandria Library, Local History and Special Collections, Alexandria, Virginia."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRamsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Ramsay Papers 1753-1757, Microfilm #00067; Vertical File: Biographies - Ramsay Family"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This Collection contains a number of items all from the original Ramsay Family papers which were donated to the Smithsonian Institute: an account book from Andrew and William Ramsay dated 1798-1801, photocopies of Ramsay letters, history of Ramsay house, genealogical notes on the Ramsay family, Rebecca Ramsay Reese papers and diaries."],"corpname_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ramsay House"],"famname_ssim":["Ramsay family"],"persname_ssim":["Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"names_ssim":["Local History and Special Collections Branch, Alexandria Library","Ramsay House","Ramsay family","Reese, Rebecca (Ramsay), 1870-1955"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:07:40.160Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vaallhs_repositories_2_resources_44"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library","value":"Alexandria Library","hits":13},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","value":"Alexandria History Collection (MS240), 1767/2008","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+History+Collection+%28MS240%29%2C+1767%2F2008\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","value":"Alexandria Library Company Records (MS002), 1794/2007","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Company+Records+%28MS002%29%2C+1794%2F2007\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","value":"Alexandria, Virginia City Records (MS019), 1750/1983, bulk 1825/1875","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria%2C+Virginia+City+Records+%28MS019%29%2C+1750%2F1983%2C+bulk+1825%2F1875\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970","value":"Cazenove Family Papers (MS212), 1786/1970","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Cazenove+Family+Papers+%28MS212%29%2C+1786%2F1970\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904","value":"John Thomas Ricketts Papers (MS071), 1787/1904","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=John+Thomas+Ricketts+Papers+%28MS071%29%2C+1787%2F1904\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834","value":"Kennedy-Barton Book Collection (MS277), 1753/1834","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Kennedy-Barton+Book+Collection+%28MS277%29%2C+1753%2F1834\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859","value":"Lyceum Construction Records (MS245), 1790/1859","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Lyceum+Construction+Records+%28MS245%29%2C+1790%2F1859\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973","value":"McKnight, Piercy, and Jacobs Collection (MS051), 1792/1973","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=McKnight%2C+Piercy%2C+and+Jacobs+Collection+%28MS051%29%2C+1792%2F1973\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","value":"Milton Penn Collection (MS267), 1794/1893","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Milton+Penn+Collection+%28MS267%29%2C+1794%2F1893\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960","value":"Ramsay Family Papers Collection (MS012), 1742/1960","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ramsay+Family+Papers+Collection+%28MS012%29%2C+1742%2F1960\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Relief Truck and Engine Co. #1 Collection (MS130), 1788/1924","value":"Relief Truck and Engine Co. #1 Collection (MS130), 1788/1924","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Relief+Truck+and+Engine+Co.+%231+Collection+%28MS130%29%2C+1788%2F1924\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1742","value":"1742","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1742\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1743","value":"1743","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1743\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1744","value":"1744","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1744\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1745","value":"1745","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1745\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1746","value":"1746","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1746\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1747","value":"1747","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1747\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1748","value":"1748","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1748\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1749","value":"1749","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1749\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1750","value":"1750","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1750\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1751","value":"1751","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1751\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1752","value":"1752","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1752\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+%281749-%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Clerk\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Housing+and+Community+Development\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Planning+and+Urban+Renewal\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Office+of+City+Engineer\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","value":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Association+%281897-1937%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Company","value":"Alexandria Library Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Company\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","value":"Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Society+%281937-1953%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","value":"Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Barton%2C+Benjamin%2C+1803-1877\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cazenove Family","value":"Cazenove Family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cazenove+Family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","value":"Cazenove, Anne H., 1776-1843","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cazenove%2C+Anne+H.%2C+1776-1843\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","value":"Alexandria (Va.) (1749-)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+%281749-%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","value":"Alexandria (Va.). City Clerk","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+City+Clerk\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Housing and Community Development","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Housing+and+Community+Development\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Department of Planning and Urban Renewal","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Department+of+Planning+and+Urban+Renewal\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Office of City Engineer","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Office+of+City+Engineer\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","value":"Alexandria Library (Alexandria, Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+%28Alexandria%2C+Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","value":"Alexandria Library Association (1897-1937)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Association+%281897-1937%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Company","value":"Alexandria Library Company","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Company\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","value":"Alexandria Library Society (1937-1953)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library+Society+%281937-1953%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bartleman, Margaret Douglas (-1833)","value":"Bartleman, Margaret Douglas (-1833)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bartleman%2C+Margaret+Douglas+%28-1833%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","value":"Barton, Benjamin, 1803-1877","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Barton%2C+Benjamin%2C+1803-1877\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.)","value":"Alexandria (Va.)","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Genealogy.","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Genealogy.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- History","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- History","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+History\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Maps","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Maps","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Maps\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century.","value":"Alexandria (Va.) -- Social life and customs -- 19th century.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29+--+Social+life+and+customs+--+19th+century.\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Associations, institutions, etc","value":"Associations, institutions, etc","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Associations%2C+institutions%2C+etc\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kilmarnock (Scotland)","value":"Kilmarnock (Scotland)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Kilmarnock+%28Scotland%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Lectures and Lecturing","value":"Lectures and Lecturing","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Lectures+and+Lecturing\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","value":"Libraries -- Subscription Libraries","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Libraries+--+Subscription+Libraries\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"New York (N.Y.)","value":"New York (N.Y.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=New+York+%28N.Y.%29\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","value":"United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Civil+War%2C+1861-1865\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","value":"Alexandria (Va.). Mayor","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+%28Va.%29.+Mayor\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bakeries.","value":"Bakeries.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bakeries.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","value":"Business -- Alexandria (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+--+Alexandria+%28Va.%29\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Business records","value":"Business records","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Business+records\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cameron Mills","value":"Cameron Mills","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cameron+Mills\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Carne family","value":"Carne family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Carne+family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"City councils.","value":"City councils.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=City+councils.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Construction + architecture","value":"Construction + architecture","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Construction+%2B+architecture\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Correspondence","value":"Correspondence","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Correspondence\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Court administration -- United States.","value":"Court administration -- United States.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Court+administration+--+United+States.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cummings family","value":"Cummings family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Cummings+family\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":13},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1799\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Alexandria+Library\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}