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FARRAR PATTON AND EDMOND SOUCHON, 909/1898","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c20","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c20"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c20","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_111","parent_ssim":["Henry Rose Carter papers, 1775/1947"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_111"],"title_filing_ssi":"HENRY ROSE CARTER, CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE STATE OF LOUISANA BOARD OF HEALTH, DRS. G. FARRAR PATTON AND EDMOND SOUCHON","title_ssm":["HENRY ROSE CARTER, CORRESPONDENCE WITH THE STATE OF LOUISANA BOARD OF HEALTH, DRS. G. 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Rose Carter papers"],"title_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775-1947"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1775-1947"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1775/1947"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henry Rose Carter papers, 1775/1947"],"text":["Henry Rose Carter papers, 1775/1947","MS.10","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/111","5.25 linear feet","No Restrictions","The collection has been organized into four groups. The bulk of the documents are arranged in chronological order, following these are folders of photographs. Reprints have been arranged by author's last name, and a final grouping contains oversize items--diplomas, etc.--and artifacts.","Henry Rose Carter was born on Clifton Plantation, Caroline County, Virginia, August 25, 1851 or 1852. He attended Aspen Hill Academy in Louisa County, Virginia, and completed studies there in 1868. After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.","Initial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.","Carter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.","Health problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.","Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff\n      \n      \n        Funding:\n        Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\n      \n      \n        Finding aid by:\n        Henry K. Sharp","Transfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.","The Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin. (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.","Special Note:This collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, MS 1 (and in online version: http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu), containing a substantial complementary deposit of Henry Rose Carter papers.","No Restrictions","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter papers, 1775/1947"],"collection_ssim":["Henry Rose Carter papers, 1775/1947"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.10","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/111"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.10","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/111"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["No Restrictions"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.25 linear feet"],"extent_ssm":["4.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["4.25 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo Restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No Restrictions"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into four groups. The bulk of the documents are arranged in chronological order, following these are folders of photographs. Reprints have been arranged by author's last name, and a final grouping contains oversize items--diplomas, etc.--and artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection has been organized into four groups. The bulk of the documents are arranged in chronological order, following these are folders of photographs. Reprints have been arranged by author's last name, and a final grouping contains oversize items--diplomas, etc.--and artifacts."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nHenry Rose Carter was born on Clifton Plantation, Caroline County, Virginia, August 25, 1851 or 1852. He attended Aspen Hill Academy in Louisa County, Virginia, and completed studies there in 1868. After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nInitial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nCarter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHealth problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter was born on Clifton Plantation, Caroline County, Virginia, August 25, 1851 or 1852. He attended Aspen Hill Academy in Louisa County, Virginia, and completed studies there in 1868. After teaching in a boys school in Nelson County, Virginia, he entered the University of Virginia, where he earned proficiency certificates in Mineralogy and Geology, and in Physics, and a diploma from the School of Pure Mathematics in June of 1872. In July 1873, he earned diplomas from the Schools of General and Industrial Chemistry, Natural Philosophy, Applied Mathematics, and Civil Engineering. Subsequently Carter pursued an interest in Medicine, and he recieved an M.D. degree from the University of Maryland in March of 1879. That year he joined the Marine Hospital Service (later the United States Public Health Service) and over his career ascended through the ranks to become Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.","Initial postings with the Service took him to Cairo, Illinois -- where he met and married Laura Hook, of St. Louis, Missouri, on September 29, 1880 -- Memphis, Tennessee; San Francisco, California; and New Orleans, Louisiana. The Service detailed him as a quarantine officer to Ship Island, Mississippi in 1888, and here began his researches with yellow fever, which he would quickly refine to an extremely high level of expertise. Carter's thorough and methodical observations of the appearance and development of the disease proved critical to Dr. Walter Reed's landmark demonstration of the mosquito transmission of yellow fever in 1900. Assigned to Cuba in 1899, Carter's tour of duty overlapped with those of Reed and the other members of the famous United States Army Yellow Fever Commission, who were able to learn first-hand of Carter's most recent conclusions.","Carter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He also undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921.","Health problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter, edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistorical Collections Staff\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFunding:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eWeb version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eFinding aid by:\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHenry K. Sharp\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["Processed by:\n        Historical Collections Staff\n      \n      \n        Funding:\n        Web version of the finding aid funded in part by a grant from the National Endowment for the Humanities.\n      \n      \n        Finding aid by:\n        Henry K. Sharp"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eHenry Rose Carter Papers, 1775-1947, MS-10, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Henry Rose Carter Papers, 1775-1947, MS-10, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eTransfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Transfered 15 March 1983 from Alderman Special Collections. The collection was re-processed and entered into the Department's Manuscripts database (Access) in May of 2002. Processed by Henry K. Sharp of the Historical Collections and Services Department."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThe Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin.\u003c/title\u003e (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\n\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSpecial Note:\u003c/emph\u003eThis collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, MS 1 (and in online version: http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu), containing a substantial complementary deposit of Henry Rose Carter papers.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Carter Papers include correspondence relating to Carter's work on yellow fever and malaria as a surgeon in the Marine Health Service (later United States Public Health Service) and notes for drafts of his Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin. (Baltimore: The Williams and Wilkins Company, 1931). Included are photographs of and newspaper clippings about Carter, in addition to a small collection of reprints and publications by Carter and others. Also included is the correspondence of his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter with Frederick F. Russell and other members of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, Wade Hampton Frost, of Johns Hopkins University, and others concerning her collaboration with Frost in the editing and publication of Carter's book. Also included are a series of eighteenth-century to mid-nineteenth-century documents principally belonging to Carter's great-grandfather, George Mason, of Spotsylvania and Caroline Counties, Virginia and to Mary Ann Brown, sister of Carter's mother.","Special Note:This collection should be consulted in conjunction with the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, MS 1 (and in online version: http://yellowfever.lib.virginia.edu), containing a substantial complementary deposit of Henry Rose Carter papers."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo Restrictions\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["No Restrictions"],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":150,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:59.701Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_111_c20"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index), 1623/1774","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01","parent_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 7: Folders 39-40","Mason Family"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07","viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index)","title_ssm":["Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index)"],"title_tesim":["Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index), 1623/1774"],"text":["Land grants to Mason (V.S.L. general index), 1623/1774","Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 7: Folders 39-40","Mason Family","Box 7","Folder 39 \u0026 39A"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 7: Folders 39-40","Mason Family"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 7: Folders 39-40","Mason Family"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1623/1774"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1623-1774"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":221,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"containers_ssim":["Box 7","Folder 39 \u0026 39A"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774],"_nest_path_":"/components#6/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:56.871Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8770.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nicholson, Lee, Papers","title_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"text":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770","Virginia--History","Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","1294 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Papers, 1837-1938, of Lee Nicholson, a genealogist of Sussex County, Va. Includes correspondence, notes and charts concerning many Virginia families. Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"collection_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1294 items"],"extent_ssm":["7.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLee Nicholson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1837-1938, of Lee Nicholson, a genealogist of Sussex County, Va. Includes correspondence, notes and charts concerning many Virginia families. Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Papers, 1837-1938, of Lee Nicholson, a genealogist of Sussex County, Va. Includes correspondence, notes and charts concerning many Virginia families. Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:56.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c07_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Lark Coin Collection: Group G, 1542/1820","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e4 -S panish milled coins from the New World. Included are samples from Mexcio, Guatemala, and Peru. The 1739 8 Reales coin is a cast of a \"Pillar\" type coin, so named for the two pillars on the obverse, not a period orignial. Two slides are also included with the cast. Another coin in this collection is the 1861 8 Reales coin. This original coin was minted in Guatemala and bares a portrait of Ferdinand VII on the obverse with the words DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). The reverse shows the two Pillars of Hercules surrounding the Spanish Crown and Coat of Arms, as well as the words HISPANIA ET IND REX (Ruler of Spain and the Indies). The coin is in good condition. One of the oldest coins in this collection is a 4 Reales coin, which was minted in Mexico City and dates to the Rule of Charles I of Spain. Charles united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon into the Spanish empire, which was built on the wealth of the New World. The obverse features the Pillars of Hercules surrounding the number 4, which reveals the coin's denomination. The reverse features the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Castille and Leon; but not the coat of unified Spain which also features the heraldic symbols of Aragon and Navarre. This is typical of coins minted during this period, as Charles' mother, Joanna, was the Queen regent. It is in worn condition. The final coin in this group is an 8 reales coin, which is most likely a forgery. This 8 Reales coin appears to date from the reign of Philip II, but the reverse of the coin may reveal a different origin. The reverse features a representation of the Arms of Castile and Leon, but unlike the actual coat of arms featured on real Spanish coinage of the period, the lion and castle featured on the arms are reversed. Rather than having the lion in the lower left and upper right corners, they are in the lower right and upper left. The coin is marked with a visible P, indicating an origin in Lima, Peru or Potosi, Brazil. This inconsistency is not found on any other coins of this period minted in Peru or Potosi during this period. Gift of the Estate of Charles Lark Jr. Images are available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/5446172484/. Located in T\u0026amp;E S6 SS2, Box 1. Mss 1984.042.G1-G4\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02","parent_ssim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010","Communication Artifacts","Exchange Media","Lark Coin Collection"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08","viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05","viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Lark Coin Collection: Group G","title_ssm":["Lark Coin Collection: Group G"],"title_tesim":["Lark Coin Collection: Group G"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lark Coin Collection: Group G, 1542/1820"],"text":["Lark Coin Collection: Group G, 1542/1820","Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010","Communication Artifacts","Exchange Media","Lark Coin Collection","4 -S panish milled coins from the New World. Included are samples from Mexcio, Guatemala, and Peru. The 1739 8 Reales coin is a cast of a \"Pillar\" type coin, so named for the two pillars on the obverse, not a period orignial. Two slides are also included with the cast. Another coin in this collection is the 1861 8 Reales coin. This original coin was minted in Guatemala and bares a portrait of Ferdinand VII on the obverse with the words DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). The reverse shows the two Pillars of Hercules surrounding the Spanish Crown and Coat of Arms, as well as the words HISPANIA ET IND REX (Ruler of Spain and the Indies). The coin is in good condition. One of the oldest coins in this collection is a 4 Reales coin, which was minted in Mexico City and dates to the Rule of Charles I of Spain. Charles united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon into the Spanish empire, which was built on the wealth of the New World. The obverse features the Pillars of Hercules surrounding the number 4, which reveals the coin's denomination. The reverse features the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Castille and Leon; but not the coat of unified Spain which also features the heraldic symbols of Aragon and Navarre. This is typical of coins minted during this period, as Charles' mother, Joanna, was the Queen regent. It is in worn condition. The final coin in this group is an 8 reales coin, which is most likely a forgery. This 8 Reales coin appears to date from the reign of Philip II, but the reverse of the coin may reveal a different origin. The reverse features a representation of the Arms of Castile and Leon, but unlike the actual coat of arms featured on real Spanish coinage of the period, the lion and castle featured on the arms are reversed. Rather than having the lion in the lower left and upper right corners, they are in the lower right and upper left. The coin is marked with a visible P, indicating an origin in Lima, Peru or Potosi, Brazil. This inconsistency is not found on any other coins of this period minted in Peru or Potosi during this period. Gift of the Estate of Charles Lark Jr. Images are available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/5446172484/. Located in T\u0026E S6 SS2, Box 1. Mss 1984.042.G1-G4"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010","Communication Artifacts","Exchange Media","Lark Coin Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010","Communication Artifacts","Exchange Media","Lark Coin Collection"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1542/1820"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1542-1820"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":585,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e4 -S panish milled coins from the New World. Included are samples from Mexcio, Guatemala, and Peru. The 1739 8 Reales coin is a cast of a \"Pillar\" type coin, so named for the two pillars on the obverse, not a period orignial. Two slides are also included with the cast. Another coin in this collection is the 1861 8 Reales coin. This original coin was minted in Guatemala and bares a portrait of Ferdinand VII on the obverse with the words DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). The reverse shows the two Pillars of Hercules surrounding the Spanish Crown and Coat of Arms, as well as the words HISPANIA ET IND REX (Ruler of Spain and the Indies). The coin is in good condition. One of the oldest coins in this collection is a 4 Reales coin, which was minted in Mexico City and dates to the Rule of Charles I of Spain. Charles united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon into the Spanish empire, which was built on the wealth of the New World. The obverse features the Pillars of Hercules surrounding the number 4, which reveals the coin's denomination. The reverse features the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Castille and Leon; but not the coat of unified Spain which also features the heraldic symbols of Aragon and Navarre. This is typical of coins minted during this period, as Charles' mother, Joanna, was the Queen regent. It is in worn condition. The final coin in this group is an 8 reales coin, which is most likely a forgery. This 8 Reales coin appears to date from the reign of Philip II, but the reverse of the coin may reveal a different origin. The reverse features a representation of the Arms of Castile and Leon, but unlike the actual coat of arms featured on real Spanish coinage of the period, the lion and castle featured on the arms are reversed. Rather than having the lion in the lower left and upper right corners, they are in the lower right and upper left. The coin is marked with a visible P, indicating an origin in Lima, Peru or Potosi, Brazil. This inconsistency is not found on any other coins of this period minted in Peru or Potosi during this period. Gift of the Estate of Charles Lark Jr. Images are available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/5446172484/. Located in T\u0026amp;E S6 SS2, Box 1. Mss 1984.042.G1-G4\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["4 -S panish milled coins from the New World. Included are samples from Mexcio, Guatemala, and Peru. The 1739 8 Reales coin is a cast of a \"Pillar\" type coin, so named for the two pillars on the obverse, not a period orignial. Two slides are also included with the cast. Another coin in this collection is the 1861 8 Reales coin. This original coin was minted in Guatemala and bares a portrait of Ferdinand VII on the obverse with the words DEI GRATIA (By the Grace of God). The reverse shows the two Pillars of Hercules surrounding the Spanish Crown and Coat of Arms, as well as the words HISPANIA ET IND REX (Ruler of Spain and the Indies). The coin is in good condition. One of the oldest coins in this collection is a 4 Reales coin, which was minted in Mexico City and dates to the Rule of Charles I of Spain. Charles united the kingdoms of Castille and Aragon into the Spanish empire, which was built on the wealth of the New World. The obverse features the Pillars of Hercules surrounding the number 4, which reveals the coin's denomination. The reverse features the coat of arms of the Kingdom of Castille and Leon; but not the coat of unified Spain which also features the heraldic symbols of Aragon and Navarre. This is typical of coins minted during this period, as Charles' mother, Joanna, was the Queen regent. It is in worn condition. The final coin in this group is an 8 reales coin, which is most likely a forgery. This 8 Reales coin appears to date from the reign of Philip II, but the reverse of the coin may reveal a different origin. The reverse features a representation of the Arms of Castile and Leon, but unlike the actual coat of arms featured on real Spanish coinage of the period, the lion and castle featured on the arms are reversed. Rather than having the lion in the lower left and upper right corners, they are in the lower right and upper left. The coin is marked with a visible P, indicating an origin in Lima, Peru or Potosi, Brazil. This inconsistency is not found on any other coins of this period minted in Peru or Potosi during this period. Gift of the Estate of Charles Lark Jr. Images are available at https://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/5446172484/. Located in T\u0026E S6 SS2, Box 1. Mss 1984.042.G1-G4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#4/components#1/components#6","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:48:09.289Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_1403","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_1403.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscripts  Artifact  Collection","title_ssm":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection"],"title_tesim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1800-2010"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1800-2010"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1800/2010"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010"],"text":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010","01/Mss. 1.03","/repositories/2/resources/1403","Political campaigns--Virginia","Buttons (information artifacts)","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Future accruals are expected.","Artifacts are organized according to Nomenclature 3.0 for Museum Cataloging : Third Edition of Robert G. Chenhall's System for Classifying Man-Made Objects, which is published by AltaMira Press in cooperation with the American Association for State and Local History. Nomenclature 3.0 classifies artifacts based on their purpose or function.","Categories include: Built Environment Artifacts, Furnishings, Personal Artifacts, Tools and Equipment For Materials, Tools and Equipment for Science and Technology, Tools and Equipment For Communications, Distribution and Transportation Artifacts, Communication Artifacts, Recreational Artifacts, and Unclassifiable Artifacts.","This collection is currently being evaluated, described, and rehoused by staff.","Many of the artifacts inventoried in this collection came to the Special Collections Research Center as part of a collection of personal papers or organizational records. Those relationships are documented when known.","The Manuscripts Artifact Collection includes artifacts from a variety of personal papers and organizational records collections, as well as items acquired individually.","Images of a growing number of artifacts are available through the SCRC's Flickr account at","Thomas Millington's watercolor painting of the Palace Green was originally transferred from the John Millington Papers (Mss. 65 M59, Box 7, Folder 11b) to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03), before being transferred to the Thomas Millington Collection (MS 00306) on July 29, 2019.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010"],"collection_ssim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, 1800/2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["01/Mss. 1.03","/repositories/2/resources/1403"],"unitid_tesim":["01/Mss. 1.03","/repositories/2/resources/1403"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Acquisition information can often be found in the records of the original collections, personal papers, or organizational records from which the artifact was transferred. Acquisition information for material received after 7/13/2009 is available by consulting a Special Collections Research Center staff member."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Political campaigns--Virginia","Buttons (information artifacts)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Political campaigns--Virginia","Buttons (information artifacts)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["25 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Buttons (information artifacts)"],"date_range_isim":[1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFuture accruals are expected.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals:"],"accruals_tesim":["Future accruals are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArtifacts are organized according to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNomenclature 3.0 for Museum Cataloging\u003c/emph\u003e \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003e: Third Edition of Robert G. Chenhall's System for Classifying Man-Made Objects\u003c/emph\u003e, which is published by AltaMira Press in cooperation with the American Association for State and Local History. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eNomenclature\u003c/emph\u003e 3.0 classifies artifacts based on their purpose or function.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Categories include: Built Environment Artifacts, Furnishings, Personal Artifacts, Tools and Equipment For Materials, Tools and Equipment for Science and Technology, Tools and Equipment For Communications, Distribution and Transportation Artifacts, Communication Artifacts, Recreational Artifacts, and Unclassifiable Artifacts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e This collection is currently being evaluated, described, and rehoused by staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement of Materials:"],"arrangement_tesim":["Artifacts are organized according to Nomenclature 3.0 for Museum Cataloging : Third Edition of Robert G. Chenhall's System for Classifying Man-Made Objects, which is published by AltaMira Press in cooperation with the American Association for State and Local History. Nomenclature 3.0 classifies artifacts based on their purpose or function.","Categories include: Built Environment Artifacts, Furnishings, Personal Artifacts, Tools and Equipment For Materials, Tools and Equipment for Science and Technology, Tools and Equipment For Communications, Distribution and Transportation Artifacts, Communication Artifacts, Recreational Artifacts, and Unclassifiable Artifacts.","This collection is currently being evaluated, described, and rehoused by staff."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of the artifacts inventoried in this collection came to the Special Collections Research Center as part of a collection of personal papers or organizational records. Those relationships are documented when known.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History:"],"custodhist_tesim":["Many of the artifacts inventoried in this collection came to the Special Collections Research Center as part of a collection of personal papers or organizational records. Those relationships are documented when known."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManuscripts Artifact Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Manuscripts Artifact Collection, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Manuscripts Artifact Collection includes artifacts from a variety of personal papers and organizational records collections, as well as items acquired individually.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Images of a growing number of artifacts are available through the SCRC's Flickr account at\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e  \u003cextref actuate=\"onrequest\" audience=\"external\" linktype=\"simple\" show=\"embed\" href=\"http://www.flickr.com/photos/scrc/sets/72157601972522069/\" title=\"\"\u003e\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Manuscripts Artifact Collection includes artifacts from a variety of personal papers and organizational records collections, as well as items acquired individually.","Images of a growing number of artifacts are available through the SCRC's Flickr account at"],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThomas Millington's watercolor painting of the Palace Green was originally transferred from the John Millington Papers (Mss. 65 M59, Box 7, Folder 11b) to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03), before being transferred to the Thomas Millington Collection (MS 00306) on July 29, 2019.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Thomas Millington's watercolor painting of the Palace Green was originally transferred from the John Millington Papers (Mss. 65 M59, Box 7, Folder 11b) to the Manuscripts Artifact Collection (Mss. 1.03), before being transferred to the Thomas Millington Collection (MS 00306) on July 29, 2019."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":736,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:48:09.289Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_1403_c08_c05_c02_c07"}},{"id":"viu_viu00917_c02_c441","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Miscellaneous correspondence\n \"Ce-Co\", 1094/1903","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c02_c441#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c02_c441","ref_ssm":["viu_viu00917_c02_c441"],"id":"viu_viu00917_c02_c441","ead_ssi":"viu_viu00917","_root_":"viu_viu00917","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu00917_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu00917_c02","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Records"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu00917","viu_viu00917_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Miscellaneous correspondence\n                  \"Ce-Co\"","title_ssm":["Miscellaneous correspondence\n \"Ce-Co\""],"title_tesim":["Miscellaneous correspondence\n \"Ce-Co\""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Miscellaneous correspondence\n \"Ce-Co\", 1094/1903"],"text":["Miscellaneous correspondence\n \"Ce-Co\", 1094/1903","Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Records","box Box 40"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Records"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","Records"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1094/1903"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1900, 1903, (Feb. -Dec. 1094)"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":625,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"containers_ssim":["box Box 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of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"text":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927","662","95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes","The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.","The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         To Mr. George Wickes \n            Supt. of Mines \n            Kay Moor, Virginia \n            Dear George, \n            Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.Signed, \n            Ed D. Wickes Supt. of MinesLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         Manufacturers Recorddated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.","The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Low Moor Iron Company \n 1873-1927"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["662"],"unitid_tesim":["662"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from Green Bookman in\n            1939."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["95 linear feer + 1200\n         volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAs noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThese steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eSome consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The word \"organization\" is used here with considerable\n         diffidence, for any researcher studying the container list\n         that follows will realize quickly that there is no\n         organization in the usual sense of the word.","As noted under \"Provenance,\" the Low Moor Iron Company\n         papers were subjected to a number of moves; when processing\n         began in the fall of 1976, no discernible scheme of\n         organization could be determined.","The first step was to review the series of coded numbers\n         placed on the bundles of papers before they were moved to\n         the dormitory attic, but these did not provide any sort of\n         useful organization. Next, the spine titles of the original\n         letter boxes were reviewed (they had been copied onto the\n         gray cardboard sheets before the move to the dormitory\n         attic), but they, too, proved useless.","These steps having provided no scheme, and after a\n         considerable hiatus due to a turnover in student processors\n         on the collection, the new student processors were\n         instructed to begin a box-by-box inventory of the contents\n         of the collection. During this inventory, old folders were\n         replaced with acid-free ones, and the original folder\n         headings were copied onto the new ones. Some removal of\n         paper clips was accomplished, and the materials were\n         reviewed and notes taken for the guide.","Some consolidation of materials was accomplished, and in\n         other cases, materials were moved. This work has created\n         some problems in the numbering of the boxes. Thus, the\n         researchers will find boxes marked \"6A\" and \"23C\"; he will\n         also discover that certain box numbers have been entirely\n         omitted. As the box numbers exist only to aid in the\n         location of material, it was not felt that the unusual\n         numbers and the omissions would cause problems in working\n         with the papers.","A certain amount of movement of boxes within the\n         collection, and of materials among boxes, probably would\n         ease use of it. But what processing was accomplished on\n         this project took far longer than had been anticipated, and\n         there was no time in the late spring of 1978, when the\n         processors had to complete their work with the project, to\n         undertake a mass movement of material. Thus, they stand in\n         the order in which we found them at the beginning of the\n         project."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eCoal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003ePerhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026amp; O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026amp; O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         \u003cblockquote\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo Mr. George Wickes \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eSupt. of Mines \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eKay Moor, Virginia \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDear George, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eTony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eSigned, \n            \u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003eEd D. Wickes Supt. of Mines\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/blockquote\u003eLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhen America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eWhy did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         \u003cbibref type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003e\u003ctitle type=\"simple\" href=\"\"\u003eManufacturers Record\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/bibref\u003edated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eIn examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLow Moor Iron Company Personnel:\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eExecutive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFactory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical/Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company, the first producer of pig\n         iron in Virginia according to the company's claims, was a\n         self-contained manufacturing unit producing from its own\n         mines the coal, limestone, and iron ore needed for its iron\n         production. Located in Low Moor near Clifton Forge in\n         Alleghany County in western Virginia, an area rich in\n         mineral deposits, the company was in operation from\n         1872-1930, producing only pig iron; it never attempted to\n         produce finished iron products.","Coal came to the Low Moor furnaces from the Kay Moor\n         Mines at Kay Moor, West Virginia, about thirty miles from\n         Low Moor; limestone was produced from the Low Moor\n         limestone quarries; and iron ore came from the Fenwick,\n         Dolly Ann, Jordan, Rich Patch, Low Moor, and Longdale\n         Mines, most of them within twenty miles of Low Moor at\n         Covington or Clifton Forge.","The towns of Low Moor and Kay Moor were company towns in\n         every respect. Workers lived in company-owned houses,\n         bought food in company stores, worshiped at the company\n         church, saw movies in the company theater, were treated in\n         the company hospital, and were buried in the company\n         cemetery. Workers received part of their pay in scrip that\n         they exchanged for goods and services. According to a\n         statement from the Kay Moor Mines dated November 1904, Kay\n         Moor then employed 338 people, paid them an average wage of\n         $36.26 per month, and issued half of their pay in scrip.\n         Kay Moor had four stores; Low Moor had seven or eight. All\n         of these stores carried large inventories which are\n         detailed in the collection. These inventories are valuable\n         to anyone interested in determining the wants and needs of\n         a coal miner and his family.","In the late 1910's and 1920's Kay Moor had a company\n         theater called the Azure Theater which seated about 300\n         people. There were also plans for a company-owned social\n         center, to have pool tables, a soda fountain, and\n         provisions for dancing and skating. The company was in\n         tough economic straits by the 1920's, however, and there is\n         no evidence that the social center was built. The town of\n         Low Moor was so completely under the company's influence\n         that one of Low Moor Iron Company's assistant managers\n         served as the town sheriff. He often foreclosed on people\n         who did not pay their debts, and drove troublesome people\n         \"out of town on a rail\" as he put it.","The Low Moor Iron Company's fortunes fluctuated during\n         the various business cycles between the years 1880-1930.\n         Low Moor was one of the larger pig iron producers in\n         Virginia, but Virginia pig iron production was not\n         important nationally. Low Moor officials sometimes sold\n         their product themselves, but more often they used agents,\n         the prevalent method at the time. Low Moor Iron Company\n         used a variety of agents through the 1900's. James F. Bryan\n         acted as the exclusive agent for the sale of Kay Moor Coal\n         from September 21, 1903 to September, 1905. From about 1890\n         until about 1910 Dalton Nash and Company were the exclusive\n         eastern agents of Low Moor Iron. After that time the\n         exclusive agency went to Philips Isham and Company located\n         in New York. From about 1890 the western agency was handled\n         chiefly by Thomas Mack and Company. After 1902 Thomas Mack\n         and Company underwent a name change, becoming Walter\n         Wallingford and Company, with offices located in\n         Cincinnati, Pittsburgh, and Chicago.","Perhaps the Low Moor Iron Company's biggest problem over\n         the years was obtaining railroad cars for the\n         transportation of its finished product. Low Moor Iron\n         Company had its own cars for transporting its raw materials\n         among its various facilities. For the long haul necessary\n         for its finished goods, however, it depended upon the\n         services of the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad, and the\n         relationship was not always a happy one. The Low Moor\n         Company complained many times to the C \u0026 O Railroad\n         about the discrepancies between long-and shorthaul freight\n         rates. Low Moor also had trouble getting cars from the C\n         \u0026 O. In a letter to one of Low Moor Company's agents\n         from an irate customer dated 1898, the customer wrote: \"We\n         wrote you on Saturday and endeavored to question upon your\n         mind the necessity of taking care of us with Low Moor iron.\n         We are on our uppers--there is not a pound of Low Moor iron\n         in the yard. Of the one hundred tons ordered some time ago,\n         not one pound of it has been received.\" This was, according\n         to the Low Moor Iron Company, because they could not get\n         the railroad cars. In a letter from Thomas Mack and Company\n         dated November 26, 1901, to General Manager E. C. Means:\n         \"We are hopeful that the car supply will get better because\n         of the number of orders you have of ours for prompt\n         shipment. Our customers are complaining that they are not\n         getting the iron fast enough. . . . We hope that the\n         railroad will be able to supply you with empty cars.\" In\n         another letter dated 1916 to John B. Guernsey, then acting\n         General Manager of the Low Moor Iron Company, \"We were not\n         supplied with coke cars for today's loading, and\n         consequently we have been practically down of Kay Moor\n         ovens all day.\"","The problem of procuring labor also plagued the Low Moor\n         Company. The company sometimes tried to hire immigrant\n         laborers and send the men directly to Low Moor from New\n         York City. There were problems with this, as is explained\n         in the following letter dated April 7, 1906: \n         To Mr. George Wickes \n            Supt. of Mines \n            Kay Moor, Virginia \n            Dear George, \n            Tony arrived with twenty one men last night. One\n            got away in Jersey two in Washington D.C., four in\n            Charlottesville. Some of the men are very good looking,\n            but taken as a whole they are the worst lot I have ever\n            seen: Irish, German-Jews, and Italians. . . . Our New\n            York transportations to this place have never been a\n            success.Signed, \n            Ed D. Wickes Supt. of MinesLow Moor usually employed labor agencies, one\n         of which was Atwood's Employment Agency. Often the Low Moor\n         Company would request certain nationalities, believing them\n         to be better workers than others. Sometimes the company\n         would request a gang of twenty made up of \"ten Greeks and\n         ten Italians.\" Many of the immigrants fled Low Moor and Kay\n         Moor when they learned that they would have to work\n         underground. There is a fair amount of material on\n         immigrant labor and its procurement in the collection, and\n         it is noted in the description of the box contents.","Low Moor Iron Company not only had trouble procuring\n         labor, but it also had trouble with labor already employed\n         in the mines and at the factory. Labor dissension and\n         strikes troubled the Kay Moor Mines through the 1900's. The\n         great coal strike of 1902 hurt the Low Moor Company's coal\n         mining operation, but by 1903 things were \"nearly back to\n         normal\" according to the mine superintendent. There was\n         still trouble at Kay Moor Mines, however. In a letter dated\n         April 26, 1906, to the treasurer of Low Moor Company, the\n         manager of the mines wrote about the trouble in \"trying to\n         get the agitators out.\" The mines were seventy-five men\n         short of the total labor force needed because many of the\n         coal miners returned to their farms during the spring.\n         There were rumblings of another strike at Kay Moor, the\n         result of which was to be a fourteen percent increase in\n         wages for the Kay Moor Mine workers via an agreement with\n         the United Mine Workers Union in December.","The Low Moor Iron Company grew along with the rest of\n         Virginia industry in the 1890's and 1900's. Starting with\n         only one furnace in the 1870's, it opened a second furnace\n         at Covington, Virginia, in 1891. In 1911 it opened a third\n         furnace, this time at Low Moor. Covington, with its heavy\n         industry, soon became known as the \"Pittsburgh of\n         Virginia.\" Virginia's pig iron production rose from 9,000\n         short tons in 1870 to 544,034 long tons in 1903. Judging\n         from the Low Moor Company's correspondence, the most\n         prosperous period for the company fell between the years\n         1895-1907. In the years between 1907-1917 problems befell\n         the Virginia pig iron industry. In a letter from William W.\n         Hearns, the president of the Virginia based Princess Pig\n         Iron Company, to U. S. Senator Thomas S. Martin, Hearns\n         writes of the problems of the Virginia pig iron industry:\n         \"There is not a blast furnace in Virginia that is making\n         any money from the manufacture of pig iron. The cause of\n         this is there is an exceedingly low price on pig iron in\n         the country at the present time, and the increased cost of\n         manufacturing is due to the increase in wages in all\n         lines.\" With the outbreak of World War I prices rose\n         dramatically, but in a market report to Low Moor dated\n         November 11, 1916, it was stated that: \"In spite of the\n         high prices, it is not a picnic to be in the iron industry.\n         There is a desperate shortage of cars and equipment in the\n         coal and iron districts, and in consequence there are\n         troubles of all kinds to get materials shipped. The\n         situation has grown serious.\"","When America became involved in the First World War, it\n         meant a boost for the Low Moor Iron Company. The government\n         helped it procure labor, and even helped it repair its\n         furnaces. The problem of supplies and cars for their\n         shipments, however, plagued the company more than ever. It\n         had a good deal of trouble getting all the raw materials it\n         needed due chiefly to the \"tight ship\" run by Harry F.\n         Byrd, Sr., U.S. Fuel Administrator for Virginia. After the\n         war very serious problems began to trouble the Low Moor\n         Iron Company. The demand for iron fell precipitously and a\n         short but severe depression ensued from 1919-1922. The\n         depression seemed to hit the iron industry especially hard.\n         Prices took a huge drop due to the lack of demand, and many\n         pre-war contracts had to be revalued. To compound the\n         company's problems, the Kay Moor Mines went on strike in\n         1919. This strike was quickly settled, as the market for\n         coal was so good that the Low Moor Company ceased taking\n         orders temporarily in 1921 as it could not fill the orders\n         it had on hand.","The Low Moor Company furnaces lay idle for some twenty\n         months. Finally, in November 1922 one of Low Moor's\n         furnaces was finally fired up. While prosperity gradually\n         returned to the rest of the country, the Low Moor Iron\n         Company never recovered. Production of pig iron in the\n         Virginia iron industry declined from 544,034 tons in 1903\n         to 148,053 tons in 1923, considered a good year for the\n         industry as a whole. In February 1926 Low Moor officials\n         talked of merging with two other iron companies in order to\n         revive the iron business for the three companies. The\n         merger, however, never occurred. By late 1926 the company\n         was in the process of liquidation. An advertisement in the\n         Charleston, West Virginia, Daily Mail dated April 30, 1927,\n         told of a huge warehouse sale at the Low Moor Iron Company.\n         The advertisement noted \"thousands of screws, pipe\n         fittings, valves, etc.\" The last piece of correspondence\n         from the Low Moor Iron Company in the collection is dated\n         1929. It deals with the sale of a machine.","Why did the iron industry in Virginia decline as it did?\n         Some say that lack of speed, efficiency, and a decent\n         transportation system for Alleghany County caused it. In a\n         letter from C. E. Bertie, secretary of the Virginia Pig\n         Iron Association, to the \n         Manufacturers Recorddated 1925, Bertie claimed that it was the\n         tremendous rise in the cost of transportation. Virginia, he\n         claimed, had almost no home market. Over 80% of its normal\n         production was shipped out to other states. The failure of\n         the Interstate Commerce Commission to treat Virginia\n         furnaces as southern furnaces was the cause of much of the\n         trouble. From 1914-1925 there were four blanket increases\n         in freight rates in the country, of which only one applied\n         equally to all localities. Southern furnaces were received\n         only two increases--a 25% increase in 1918 and a 25%\n         increase in 1920--but northern furnaces had had 5%, 15%,\n         25%, and 40% increases in their transportation costs.\n         Virginia furnaces, although recognized as southern\n         furnaces, had had freight rates increased in line with the\n         northern furnaces. Prior to the war Virginia iron reached\n         all points in Ohio, Indiana, Michigan, and Illinois on a\n         competitive basis with southern furnaces. After World War I\n         the advantage was limited to a small portion of\n         southeastern Ohio. All of Indiana, Illinois, and Michigan\n         were now lost to the Virginia producers. The Virginia\n         producer, according to Bertie, felt that the freight rates\n         should be restored to a relationship with southern\n         furnaces. If what Bertie said was true, the other southern\n         states iron industries should not have been in the same\n         desperate economic straits as Virginia's, and statistics\n         should support this. In the 1920's production rose to new\n         heights in Alabama. In Tennessee, however, iron production\n         plunged to new lows during the 1920's. While the south\n         accounted for 10.2% of the entire U. S. production in the\n         years 1919-1924, Virginia accounted for less than 1% during\n         those years. In 1915 Virginia accounted for over 6% of the\n         U.S. iron production. One can see a decline in other areas\n         of the south than Virginia. While the discrepancies in the\n         freight rates may have helped cause the decline, clearly\n         there are other reasons.","During the 1900's there was a discovery of extremely\n         rich iron ore deposits in the mid-west. Much of this ore\n         was on or near the surface, making the mining of it both\n         easy and inexpensive. This in turn lowered production costs\n         of the pig iron. This caused iron production to shift to\n         that region, and resulted in a decline in the Virginia iron\n         industry. There was a sharp increase in iron production in\n         the mid-west through the 1920's. The iron ore in the\n         mid-west may have been of better quality than Virginia, but\n         the iron ore in Virginia was of sufficient quality to\n         produce a good pig iron. The western ore deposits were not\n         as conveniently located as Virginia deposits, but the\n         inexpensiveness of production more than made up for it.","In examining the rise and fall of the Low Moor Iron\n         Company, we can see a situation in which the conditions for\n         the manufacture of iron were nearly ideal. There was plenty\n         of land for expansion and resources for the manufacture of\n         the iron. The major internal problem faced by the Low Moor\n         Iron Company was that of transportation. External\n         developments, however, caused the final demise of the Low\n         Moor Iron Company.","Low Moor Iron Company Personnel:","Executive Staff: Managing Director, Colonel H. M.\n         Goodwin: ca. 1881. General Managers: H. G. Merry: ca.\n         1884-1902; E. C. Means: ca. 1905-1915; J. P. Guernsey: ca.\n         1915 (acting General Manager); F. U. Humbert: ca.\n         1916-1929. Assistant General Manager: E. B. Wilkinson: ca.\n         1909-1915. Treasurers and Assistant Treasurers: Edward Low:\n         ca. 1886-1898; Frank Lyman (in New York): ca. 1898-1919; S.\n         G. Cragill (Asst. Treasurer): ca. 1900-1915; H. A. Dalton:\n         ca. 1921-1929; John Lipscomb (Asst. Treasurer): ca.\n         1918-1928.","Factory and Mine Supervisors: Kay Moor Superintendents:\n         C. C. Cooke: ca. 1918; Ed. D. Wickes: ca. 1906; H. L.\n         Tansell: ca. 1903; A. H. Reed: ca. 1906. Kay Moor Managers:\n         J. W. Monteith: manager of mines. ca. 1918; promoted in\n         1925 to general superintendent in charge of mine plants,\n         coke ovens, shops, repairs, and construction; A. L.\n         Monteith: assistant superintendent of mines, ca. 1918;\n         George T. Wickes: manager of Covington mines, ca.\n         1906-1917; Ross Howell, ca. 1918. Stack Mines\n         Superintendents: J. H. Carpenter: ca. 1906; C. D.\n         Oberschain: ca. 1907; J. L. Harris: ca. 1903; John S. Ham:\n         ca. 1891-1901. Rich Patch Mines Superintendents: John R.\n         Thompson: foreman, ca. 1906. Low Moor assorted other\n         personnel: S. L. Tulley: trainmaster, ca. 1906; B. J.\n         Shenkley: foreman, Low Moor limestone quarries; L. Q. Wood:\n         assistant traffic manager, ca. 1919."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThis material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Information"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Low Moor Iron Company papers consist of\n         approximately 280 four-inch Hollinger archives boxes (ca.\n         95 linear feet) of records, ca. 1885-1927, and some 1200\n         bound volumes of the company's accounting records,\n         1873-1927, of this iron producing company located in Low\n         Moor (four miles southwest of Clifton Forge), Alleghany\n         County, Virginia.","This material consists of records typical of those\n         produced by a firm of this type in the period, but as the\n         company owned its own coal and iron mines and limestone\n         quarries, there is considerable information about the\n         production of these raw materials. Large numbers of the\n         records that deal with the company's employees have\n         survived: time books, payroll books, hands ledgers, and the\n         like. Because these books sometimes include information\n         about the employee's trade or job with the company, and as\n         race is indicated in some of the records, these books\n         should provide date for studies of the structure and upward\n         mobility within the labor force, patterns of\n         ethnic--possibly racial--occupational penetration and\n         mobility, material conditions of the workers, and so on.\n         The papers should permit a range of studies detailing the\n         pattern and evolution of industrial organization in the\n         iron industry, and the evolution of markets and marketing\n         structures for the entire period. Because the company was\n         dependent upon railroads to move its raw materials to the\n         furnaces, and for the marketing of its products, there is\n         considerable information about railroads and their\n         relationship to their customers."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":1879,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:37.384Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu00917_c02_c441"}},{"id":"viu_viu01021_c02_c06","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n concerning Nosology and Treatment, 1331/1827","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01021_c02_c06#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_viu01021_c02_c06","ref_ssm":["viu_viu01021_c02_c06"],"id":"viu_viu01021_c02_c06","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01021","_root_":"viu_viu01021","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01021_c02","parent_ssi":"viu_viu01021_c02","parent_ssim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885","Series II: Notebooks"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_viu01021","viu_viu01021_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n                  concerning Nosology and Treatment","title_ssm":["Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n concerning Nosology and Treatment"],"title_tesim":["Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n concerning Nosology and Treatment"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n concerning Nosology and Treatment, 1331/1827"],"text":["Notebooks kept by Samuel G. Henkel\n concerning Nosology and Treatment, 1331/1827","Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885","Series II: Notebooks","box Box 2"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885","Series II: Notebooks"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885","Series II: Notebooks"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1331/1827"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1827 and 1331"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":18,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"containers_ssim":["box Box 2"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"date_range_isim":[1331,1332,1333,1334,1335,1336,1337,1338,1339,1340,1341,1342,1343,1344,1345,1346,1347,1348,1349,1350,1351,1352,1353,1354,1355,1356,1357,1358,1359,1360,1361,1362,1363,1364,1365,1366,1367,1368,1369,1370,1371,1372,1373,1374,1375,1376,1377,1378,1379,1380,1381,1382,1383,1384,1385,1386,1387,1388,1389,1390,1391,1392,1393,1394,1395,1396,1397,1398,1399,1400,1401,1402,1403,1404,1405,1406,1407,1408,1409,1410,1411,1412,1413,1414,1415,1416,1417,1418,1419,1420,1421,1422,1423,1424,1425,1426,1427,1428,1429,1430,1431,1432,1433,1434,1435,1436,1437,1438,1439,1440,1441,1442,1443,1444,1445,1446,1447,1448,1449,1450,1451,1452,1453,1454,1455,1456,1457,1458,1459,1460,1461,1462,1463,1464,1465,1466,1467,1468,1469,1470,1471,1472,1473,1474,1475,1476,1477,1478,1479,1480,1481,1482,1483,1484,1485,1486,1487,1488,1489,1490,1491,1492,1493,1494,1495,1496,1497,1498,1499,1500,1501,1502,1503,1504,1505,1506,1507,1508,1509,1510,1511,1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#5","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:37.384Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_viu01021","ead_ssi":"viu_viu01021","_root_":"viu_viu01021","_nest_parent_":"viu_viu01021","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/uva-sc/viu01021.xml","title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"text":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885","8653-c","225 items","The Henkel Family papers are organized in three series: I.\n         Correspondence (which is arranged chronologically); II. Notebooks; III. manuscripts. The third series\n         is further subdivided into German and English manuscripts.","This addition to the \n          Henkel family papers contains 225 items (3\n         Hollinger boxes; 1 linear shelf foot), 1791-1885, chiefly the\n         correspondence of \n          David Henkel (1795-1831) and other members\n         of the family, manuscripts concerning religion and printing,\n         notebooks relating to medical or scholastic subjects, and\n         miscellaneous family papers. The \n          Henkel family of \n          New Market, Virginia, operated the \n          Henkel printing press which became the\n         most important bilingual printing establishment for German\n         Lutherans in the states of \n          Virginia, \n          Tennessee, and \n          North Carolina during the nineteenth\n         century. For more information concerning the contributions of\n         the \n          Henkel family to the printing of religious\n         works and preaching in the Lutheran Church, consult Klaus\n         Wust's Guide to the Henkel Family Papers and Christopher L.\n         Dolinetsch's book, The German Press of the Shenandoah Valley.","Most of the early correspondence, [1812]-1823, consists of\n         letters of \n          David Henkel to his brother, \n          Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), or other\n         family members, and generally concern the publication plans\n         for religious books, pamphlets, and hymnals, his travels as a\n         Lutheran preacher, Biblical exegesis, book sales, Lutheran\n         synodical affairs, Lutheran doctrine, and revisions of Henkel\n         publications. All of \n          David Henkel's letters are in German\n         script unless otherwise noted.","The following list of letters from \n          David Henkel to his brother Solomon\n         usually include brief content notes: fragment ( [1812] );\n         hymnal publication (Oct. 12, 1812); travel and news of \n          South Carolina (Nov. 10, 1812); Biblical\n         passages (Apr. 29, 1813); book orders (Jun. 17, 1813); content\n         unknown (Jun. 19 and Oct. 21, 1813); in English, a long\n         discourse on religious ideas, especially concerning the errors\n         of the Calvinists and other sects (Jan. 15, 1814); in English,\n         the need for many English Christian catechisms in the South\n         (Jun. 28, 1815); book orders (Jul. 24, 1816 and Apr. 30,\n         1817); content unknown (Mar. 10 and May 22, 1817 ); in\n         English, David advises Solomon not to print any more German\n         hymnals and that the Synod has appointed him as a missionary\n         to the West \n          Tennessee area (Oct. 29 , 1817 );\n         publishing and theological writing (Jan. 23, 1818); travel\n         plans and book orders from \n          Europe (Jun. 17, 1818); book sales and\n         travel plans to \n          Louisiana (Aug. 21, 1818); David's aborted\n         trip to \n          Louisiana and his travels as a guest\n         preacher in the Carolinas (Dec. 4, 1818); potential lawsuits\n         over printing delays ard synodical matters (flay 31, 1819);\n         synodical controversy (Aug. 9, 1819); printing (Jan. 27,\n         1820); proposed constitution for a German Society and\n         publishing projects (Apr. 7, 1820); sales of ABC books (Jul.\n         7, 1820); proposal to puplish a book of Lutheran doctrine and\n         belief (Aug. 9, 1820); outline of points to be included in a\n         projected book (Oct. 3, 1820); committee report and findings\n         regarding \n          David Henkel and synodical affairs (Oct.\n         28, 1820); in English, news that the \n          North Carolina synod is in great confusion\n         and the necessity of a visit to all the churches (Oct. 29,\n         1820); hymnal orders and synodical matters, especially in \n          Tennessee (Dec. 18, 1820 and Feb. 10,\n         1821); revisions and printing orders (Feb. 23 and Mar. 1,\n         1821); content unknown (Apr. 12, 1821); synod business,\n         especially in \n          Tennessee (Apr. 17, Jun. 9 and 23, 1821);\n         cook orders (Jul. 9, 1821); hymnal orders, writing projects\n         and synodical matters (Aug. 2, 1821); content unknown (Oct. 5,\n         1821); travels and book distribution (Nov. 29, 1821); fiscal\n         affairs of the synod (Dec. 17, 1821); selections from the\n         Catechism in both German and English and other religious\n         writings (Jan. 31, 1822); the book business and church matters\n         (Mar. 1, 1822); content unknown (Mar. 19, 1822); distribution\n         of ABC books (Apr. 13, 1822); proposal to publish hymnal (May\n         30, 1822); business transactions (Jun. 25, 1822);\n         consideration of whether to move to \n          New Market (Aug. 9, 1822); tithing (Nov.\n         18, 1822); synodical matters (Nov. 24, 1822); book business\n         and travel west to \n          Kentucky and \n          Tennessee (May 5, 1823); content unknown\n         (May 11, [n. y.]); publishing proposal, including a tract on\n         baptism (Dec. 25, [n. y.]); and Lutheran doctrine.","David Henkel's letters to others include\n         the following subjects: travel to \n          South Carolina (Apr. 22, 1813); various\n         writings in progress (Dec. 1, 1815) and with content unknown\n         (Feb. 22, 1815; Apr. 23, 1816; and Oct. 30, 1820).","The other major group of letters consists of the\n         correspondence of the \n          Henkel family . Most of this correspondence\n         is concerned with the translation and revision of the Book of\n         Concord, or Symbolical Books of the \n          Evangelical Lutheran Church , which was\n         undertaken by the \n          Henkel family as a labor of love for the\n         benerit of the Lutheran Church in the United States. In\n         addition to members of the \n          Henkel family , \n          H. Wetzel and \n          J. R. Moser were employed as translators\n         for the Book of Concord by \n          Solomon D. Henkel and Company . Both men\n         corresponded with members of the \n          Henkel family . Letters written on the\n         following dates discuss their translations: Mar. 20, Apr. 30,\n         and Aug. 18, 1846; Aug. 3 and Dec. 8, 1847; Feb. 4, Mar. 25,\n         and Aug. 25, 1848.","The revision of the Book of Concord, begun in 1851,\n         attracted the services of several well-known Lutheran\n         scholars. Copies of the letters of \n          Samuel G. Henkel and \n          Solomon D. Henkel to these men asking for\n         their help in revising the various sections of the Book of\n         Concord and responding to the corrections and the replies from\n         these scholars compose the majority of the correspondence from\n         1851-1854. Those scholars who contributed to the second\n         edition include \n          Charles Philip Rrauth of Gettysburg,\n         Pennsylvania, \n          W. F. Lehman of Columbus, Ohio, \n          John G. Morris of Baltimore and \n          Charles F. Schaeffer of Easton,\n         Pennsylvania. Letters concerning the work on the second\n         edition of the Book of Concord include: Dec. 22, 24, 28, 30,\n         and 31, 1851; Jan. 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21, and 25; Feb. 5 and\n         13; Mar. 2, 4, 6, and 27; Apr. 12, 20, and 26; May 18; Jun. 21\n         and 30; Jul. 23; Aug. 5; Sep. 3, 8, 20, and 22; Nov. 22; and\n         Dec. 15, 1852; Feb. 19; Jun. 20; Jul. 16; and Nov. 1 and 2,\n         1853, Feb. 8; Mar. 2, 22, and 28; Apr. 3, 7, 14, 18, 21, 24,\n         and 26; May 4, 5, 3, 9, 15, 22, and 30; Jul. 27; Sep. 9, 1854;\n         and Sep. 17, n. y.","Other subjects include: the death of \n          Solomon D. Henkel (Nov. 23, 1847); the\n         Lutheran ministry (Feb. 23, 1848, and Aug. 1849); the\n         translation of the Book of Concord (Aug. 11, 1848; Jan. 20,\n         1849; Feb. 13, 1849; Nov. 12, 1851; Mar. 22 and 29, 1853);\n         various synodical affairs (Jun. 24, 1848; Dec. 5, 1851; Jan.\n         30, 1852; Apr. 28, May 2, and Aug. 31, 1853; and Sep. 21,\n         1857); deeds of the old Benner land in \n          Albemarle County, Virginia (Dec. 21,\n         1849); publication of a translation of Luther's Church Postil,\n         a series of sermons on the epistles of the Church Year (Oct.\n         29 and Llov. 4, 1356; and Apr. 29, 1857) and medical cases\n         (Aug. 6, 1866; Dec. 13, 1880; and Apr. 9, 1885).","Other materials in this collection include notebooks kept\n         by \n          Samuel G. Henkel during the time he\n         studied to be a physician, especially on nosology, osteology\n         and myology. There are also German and English manuscripts\n         concerning Lutheran doctrine, Biblical exegesis, commentaries,\n         a catechistic tract, religious adages, religious treatises,\n         synodical affairs, sermons, a translation of the Apologia of\n         the Confession and The Lesser Catechism of the Eminent\n         Martin Luther. There are also papers concerning the General\n         and \n          Tennessee Synod of the Lutheran Church and\n         the translation of the revision of the Book of Concord.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"collection_ssim":["Henkel Family Papers \n 1791-1885"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["8653-c"],"unitid_tesim":["8653-c"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was given to the Library on November 6,\n            1935 by Mrs. John Godfrey Miller of New Market, Virginia,\n            in memory of Mr. John Godfrey Miller, through D. H. E.\n            Comstock of Winchester, Virginia."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["225 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Henkel Family papers are organized in three series: I.\n         Correspondence (which is arranged chronologically); II. Notebooks; III. manuscripts. The third series\n         is further subdivided into German and English manuscripts.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Organization"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Henkel Family papers are organized in three series: I.\n         Correspondence (which is arranged chronologically); II. Notebooks; III. manuscripts. The third series\n         is further subdivided into German and English manuscripts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis addition to the \n          Henkel family papers contains 225 items (3\n         Hollinger boxes; 1 linear shelf foot), 1791-1885, chiefly the\n         correspondence of \n          David Henkel (1795-1831) and other members\n         of the family, manuscripts concerning religion and printing,\n         notebooks relating to medical or scholastic subjects, and\n         miscellaneous family papers. The \n          Henkel family of \n          New Market, Virginia, operated the \n          Henkel printing press which became the\n         most important bilingual printing establishment for German\n         Lutherans in the states of \n          Virginia, \n          Tennessee, and \n          North Carolina during the nineteenth\n         century. For more information concerning the contributions of\n         the \n          Henkel family to the printing of religious\n         works and preaching in the Lutheran Church, consult Klaus\n         Wust's \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eGuide to the Henkel Family Papers\u003c/title\u003e and Christopher L.\n         Dolinetsch's book, \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eThe German Press of the Shenandoah Valley.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMost of the early correspondence, [1812]-1823, consists of\n         letters of \n          David Henkel to his brother, \n          Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), or other\n         family members, and generally concern the publication plans\n         for religious books, pamphlets, and hymnals, his travels as a\n         Lutheran preacher, Biblical exegesis, book sales, Lutheran\n         synodical affairs, Lutheran doctrine, and revisions of Henkel\n         publications. All of \n          David Henkel's letters are in German\n         script unless otherwise noted.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe following list of letters from \n          David Henkel to his brother Solomon\n         usually include brief content notes: fragment ( [1812] );\n         hymnal publication (Oct. 12, 1812); travel and news of \n          South Carolina (Nov. 10, 1812); Biblical\n         passages (Apr. 29, 1813); book orders (Jun. 17, 1813); content\n         unknown (Jun. 19 and Oct. 21, 1813); in English, a long\n         discourse on religious ideas, especially concerning the errors\n         of the Calvinists and other sects (Jan. 15, 1814); in English,\n         the need for many English Christian catechisms in the South\n         (Jun. 28, 1815); book orders (Jul. 24, 1816 and Apr. 30,\n         1817); content unknown (Mar. 10 and May 22, 1817 ); in\n         English, David advises Solomon not to print any more German\n         hymnals and that the Synod has appointed him as a missionary\n         to the West \n          Tennessee area (Oct. 29 , 1817 );\n         publishing and theological writing (Jan. 23, 1818); travel\n         plans and book orders from \n          Europe (Jun. 17, 1818); book sales and\n         travel plans to \n          Louisiana (Aug. 21, 1818); David's aborted\n         trip to \n          Louisiana and his travels as a guest\n         preacher in the Carolinas (Dec. 4, 1818); potential lawsuits\n         over printing delays ard synodical matters (flay 31, 1819);\n         synodical controversy (Aug. 9, 1819); printing (Jan. 27,\n         1820); proposed constitution for a German Society and\n         publishing projects (Apr. 7, 1820); sales of ABC books (Jul.\n         7, 1820); proposal to puplish a book of Lutheran doctrine and\n         belief (Aug. 9, 1820); outline of points to be included in a\n         projected book (Oct. 3, 1820); committee report and findings\n         regarding \n          David Henkel and synodical affairs (Oct.\n         28, 1820); in English, news that the \n          North Carolina synod is in great confusion\n         and the necessity of a visit to all the churches (Oct. 29,\n         1820); hymnal orders and synodical matters, especially in \n          Tennessee (Dec. 18, 1820 and Feb. 10,\n         1821); revisions and printing orders (Feb. 23 and Mar. 1,\n         1821); content unknown (Apr. 12, 1821); synod business,\n         especially in \n          Tennessee (Apr. 17, Jun. 9 and 23, 1821);\n         cook orders (Jul. 9, 1821); hymnal orders, writing projects\n         and synodical matters (Aug. 2, 1821); content unknown (Oct. 5,\n         1821); travels and book distribution (Nov. 29, 1821); fiscal\n         affairs of the synod (Dec. 17, 1821); selections from the\n         Catechism in both German and English and other religious\n         writings (Jan. 31, 1822); the book business and church matters\n         (Mar. 1, 1822); content unknown (Mar. 19, 1822); distribution\n         of ABC books (Apr. 13, 1822); proposal to publish hymnal (May\n         30, 1822); business transactions (Jun. 25, 1822);\n         consideration of whether to move to \n          New Market (Aug. 9, 1822); tithing (Nov.\n         18, 1822); synodical matters (Nov. 24, 1822); book business\n         and travel west to \n          Kentucky and \n          Tennessee (May 5, 1823); content unknown\n         (May 11, [n. y.]); publishing proposal, including a tract on\n         baptism (Dec. 25, [n. y.]); and Lutheran doctrine.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003e\n          David Henkel's letters to others include\n         the following subjects: travel to \n          South Carolina (Apr. 22, 1813); various\n         writings in progress (Dec. 1, 1815) and with content unknown\n         (Feb. 22, 1815; Apr. 23, 1816; and Oct. 30, 1820).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe other major group of letters consists of the\n         correspondence of the \n          Henkel family . Most of this correspondence\n         is concerned with the translation and revision of the Book of\n         Concord, or Symbolical Books of the \n          Evangelical Lutheran Church , which was\n         undertaken by the \n          Henkel family as a labor of love for the\n         benerit of the Lutheran Church in the United States. In\n         addition to members of the \n          Henkel family , \n          H. Wetzel and \n          J. R. Moser were employed as translators\n         for the Book of Concord by \n          Solomon D. Henkel and Company . Both men\n         corresponded with members of the \n          Henkel family . Letters written on the\n         following dates discuss their translations: Mar. 20, Apr. 30,\n         and Aug. 18, 1846; Aug. 3 and Dec. 8, 1847; Feb. 4, Mar. 25,\n         and Aug. 25, 1848.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eThe revision of the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"italic\" href=\"\"\u003eBook of Concord,\u003c/title\u003e begun in 1851,\n         attracted the services of several well-known Lutheran\n         scholars. Copies of the letters of \n          Samuel G. Henkel and \n          Solomon D. Henkel to these men asking for\n         their help in revising the various sections of the Book of\n         Concord and responding to the corrections and the replies from\n         these scholars compose the majority of the correspondence from\n         1851-1854. Those scholars who contributed to the second\n         edition include \n          Charles Philip Rrauth of Gettysburg,\n         Pennsylvania, \n          W. F. Lehman of Columbus, Ohio, \n          John G. Morris of Baltimore and \n          Charles F. Schaeffer of Easton,\n         Pennsylvania. Letters concerning the work on the second\n         edition of the Book of Concord include: Dec. 22, 24, 28, 30,\n         and 31, 1851; Jan. 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21, and 25; Feb. 5 and\n         13; Mar. 2, 4, 6, and 27; Apr. 12, 20, and 26; May 18; Jun. 21\n         and 30; Jul. 23; Aug. 5; Sep. 3, 8, 20, and 22; Nov. 22; and\n         Dec. 15, 1852; Feb. 19; Jun. 20; Jul. 16; and Nov. 1 and 2,\n         1853, Feb. 8; Mar. 2, 22, and 28; Apr. 3, 7, 14, 18, 21, 24,\n         and 26; May 4, 5, 3, 9, 15, 22, and 30; Jul. 27; Sep. 9, 1854;\n         and Sep. 17, n. y.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOther subjects include: the death of \n          Solomon D. Henkel (Nov. 23, 1847); the\n         Lutheran ministry (Feb. 23, 1848, and Aug. 1849); the\n         translation of the Book of Concord (Aug. 11, 1848; Jan. 20,\n         1849; Feb. 13, 1849; Nov. 12, 1851; Mar. 22 and 29, 1853);\n         various synodical affairs (Jun. 24, 1848; Dec. 5, 1851; Jan.\n         30, 1852; Apr. 28, May 2, and Aug. 31, 1853; and Sep. 21,\n         1857); deeds of the old Benner land in \n          Albemarle County, Virginia (Dec. 21,\n         1849); publication of a translation of Luther's Church Postil,\n         a series of sermons on the epistles of the Church Year (Oct.\n         29 and Llov. 4, 1356; and Apr. 29, 1857) and medical cases\n         (Aug. 6, 1866; Dec. 13, 1880; and Apr. 9, 1885).\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eOther materials in this collection include notebooks kept\n         by \n          Samuel G. Henkel during the time he\n         studied to be a physician, especially on nosology, osteology\n         and myology. There are also German and English manuscripts\n         concerning Lutheran doctrine, Biblical exegesis, commentaries,\n         a catechistic tract, religious adages, religious treatises,\n         synodical affairs, sermons, a translation of the \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eApologia of\n         the Confession\u003c/title\u003e and \u003ctitle type=\"simple\" render=\"doublequote\" href=\"\"\u003eThe Lesser Catechism of the Eminent\n         Martin Luther\u003c/title\u003e. There are also papers concerning the General\n         and \n          Tennessee Synod of the Lutheran Church and\n         the translation of the revision of the Book of Concord.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This addition to the \n          Henkel family papers contains 225 items (3\n         Hollinger boxes; 1 linear shelf foot), 1791-1885, chiefly the\n         correspondence of \n          David Henkel (1795-1831) and other members\n         of the family, manuscripts concerning religion and printing,\n         notebooks relating to medical or scholastic subjects, and\n         miscellaneous family papers. The \n          Henkel family of \n          New Market, Virginia, operated the \n          Henkel printing press which became the\n         most important bilingual printing establishment for German\n         Lutherans in the states of \n          Virginia, \n          Tennessee, and \n          North Carolina during the nineteenth\n         century. For more information concerning the contributions of\n         the \n          Henkel family to the printing of religious\n         works and preaching in the Lutheran Church, consult Klaus\n         Wust's Guide to the Henkel Family Papers and Christopher L.\n         Dolinetsch's book, The German Press of the Shenandoah Valley.","Most of the early correspondence, [1812]-1823, consists of\n         letters of \n          David Henkel to his brother, \n          Solomon Henkel (1777-1847), or other\n         family members, and generally concern the publication plans\n         for religious books, pamphlets, and hymnals, his travels as a\n         Lutheran preacher, Biblical exegesis, book sales, Lutheran\n         synodical affairs, Lutheran doctrine, and revisions of Henkel\n         publications. All of \n          David Henkel's letters are in German\n         script unless otherwise noted.","The following list of letters from \n          David Henkel to his brother Solomon\n         usually include brief content notes: fragment ( [1812] );\n         hymnal publication (Oct. 12, 1812); travel and news of \n          South Carolina (Nov. 10, 1812); Biblical\n         passages (Apr. 29, 1813); book orders (Jun. 17, 1813); content\n         unknown (Jun. 19 and Oct. 21, 1813); in English, a long\n         discourse on religious ideas, especially concerning the errors\n         of the Calvinists and other sects (Jan. 15, 1814); in English,\n         the need for many English Christian catechisms in the South\n         (Jun. 28, 1815); book orders (Jul. 24, 1816 and Apr. 30,\n         1817); content unknown (Mar. 10 and May 22, 1817 ); in\n         English, David advises Solomon not to print any more German\n         hymnals and that the Synod has appointed him as a missionary\n         to the West \n          Tennessee area (Oct. 29 , 1817 );\n         publishing and theological writing (Jan. 23, 1818); travel\n         plans and book orders from \n          Europe (Jun. 17, 1818); book sales and\n         travel plans to \n          Louisiana (Aug. 21, 1818); David's aborted\n         trip to \n          Louisiana and his travels as a guest\n         preacher in the Carolinas (Dec. 4, 1818); potential lawsuits\n         over printing delays ard synodical matters (flay 31, 1819);\n         synodical controversy (Aug. 9, 1819); printing (Jan. 27,\n         1820); proposed constitution for a German Society and\n         publishing projects (Apr. 7, 1820); sales of ABC books (Jul.\n         7, 1820); proposal to puplish a book of Lutheran doctrine and\n         belief (Aug. 9, 1820); outline of points to be included in a\n         projected book (Oct. 3, 1820); committee report and findings\n         regarding \n          David Henkel and synodical affairs (Oct.\n         28, 1820); in English, news that the \n          North Carolina synod is in great confusion\n         and the necessity of a visit to all the churches (Oct. 29,\n         1820); hymnal orders and synodical matters, especially in \n          Tennessee (Dec. 18, 1820 and Feb. 10,\n         1821); revisions and printing orders (Feb. 23 and Mar. 1,\n         1821); content unknown (Apr. 12, 1821); synod business,\n         especially in \n          Tennessee (Apr. 17, Jun. 9 and 23, 1821);\n         cook orders (Jul. 9, 1821); hymnal orders, writing projects\n         and synodical matters (Aug. 2, 1821); content unknown (Oct. 5,\n         1821); travels and book distribution (Nov. 29, 1821); fiscal\n         affairs of the synod (Dec. 17, 1821); selections from the\n         Catechism in both German and English and other religious\n         writings (Jan. 31, 1822); the book business and church matters\n         (Mar. 1, 1822); content unknown (Mar. 19, 1822); distribution\n         of ABC books (Apr. 13, 1822); proposal to publish hymnal (May\n         30, 1822); business transactions (Jun. 25, 1822);\n         consideration of whether to move to \n          New Market (Aug. 9, 1822); tithing (Nov.\n         18, 1822); synodical matters (Nov. 24, 1822); book business\n         and travel west to \n          Kentucky and \n          Tennessee (May 5, 1823); content unknown\n         (May 11, [n. y.]); publishing proposal, including a tract on\n         baptism (Dec. 25, [n. y.]); and Lutheran doctrine.","David Henkel's letters to others include\n         the following subjects: travel to \n          South Carolina (Apr. 22, 1813); various\n         writings in progress (Dec. 1, 1815) and with content unknown\n         (Feb. 22, 1815; Apr. 23, 1816; and Oct. 30, 1820).","The other major group of letters consists of the\n         correspondence of the \n          Henkel family . Most of this correspondence\n         is concerned with the translation and revision of the Book of\n         Concord, or Symbolical Books of the \n          Evangelical Lutheran Church , which was\n         undertaken by the \n          Henkel family as a labor of love for the\n         benerit of the Lutheran Church in the United States. In\n         addition to members of the \n          Henkel family , \n          H. Wetzel and \n          J. R. Moser were employed as translators\n         for the Book of Concord by \n          Solomon D. Henkel and Company . Both men\n         corresponded with members of the \n          Henkel family . Letters written on the\n         following dates discuss their translations: Mar. 20, Apr. 30,\n         and Aug. 18, 1846; Aug. 3 and Dec. 8, 1847; Feb. 4, Mar. 25,\n         and Aug. 25, 1848.","The revision of the Book of Concord, begun in 1851,\n         attracted the services of several well-known Lutheran\n         scholars. Copies of the letters of \n          Samuel G. Henkel and \n          Solomon D. Henkel to these men asking for\n         their help in revising the various sections of the Book of\n         Concord and responding to the corrections and the replies from\n         these scholars compose the majority of the correspondence from\n         1851-1854. Those scholars who contributed to the second\n         edition include \n          Charles Philip Rrauth of Gettysburg,\n         Pennsylvania, \n          W. F. Lehman of Columbus, Ohio, \n          John G. Morris of Baltimore and \n          Charles F. Schaeffer of Easton,\n         Pennsylvania. Letters concerning the work on the second\n         edition of the Book of Concord include: Dec. 22, 24, 28, 30,\n         and 31, 1851; Jan. 6, 12, 13, 15, 16, 21, and 25; Feb. 5 and\n         13; Mar. 2, 4, 6, and 27; Apr. 12, 20, and 26; May 18; Jun. 21\n         and 30; Jul. 23; Aug. 5; Sep. 3, 8, 20, and 22; Nov. 22; and\n         Dec. 15, 1852; Feb. 19; Jun. 20; Jul. 16; and Nov. 1 and 2,\n         1853, Feb. 8; Mar. 2, 22, and 28; Apr. 3, 7, 14, 18, 21, 24,\n         and 26; May 4, 5, 3, 9, 15, 22, and 30; Jul. 27; Sep. 9, 1854;\n         and Sep. 17, n. y.","Other subjects include: the death of \n          Solomon D. Henkel (Nov. 23, 1847); the\n         Lutheran ministry (Feb. 23, 1848, and Aug. 1849); the\n         translation of the Book of Concord (Aug. 11, 1848; Jan. 20,\n         1849; Feb. 13, 1849; Nov. 12, 1851; Mar. 22 and 29, 1853);\n         various synodical affairs (Jun. 24, 1848; Dec. 5, 1851; Jan.\n         30, 1852; Apr. 28, May 2, and Aug. 31, 1853; and Sep. 21,\n         1857); deeds of the old Benner land in \n          Albemarle County, Virginia (Dec. 21,\n         1849); publication of a translation of Luther's Church Postil,\n         a series of sermons on the epistles of the Church Year (Oct.\n         29 and Llov. 4, 1356; and Apr. 29, 1857) and medical cases\n         (Aug. 6, 1866; Dec. 13, 1880; and Apr. 9, 1885).","Other materials in this collection include notebooks kept\n         by \n          Samuel G. Henkel during the time he\n         studied to be a physician, especially on nosology, osteology\n         and myology. There are also German and English manuscripts\n         concerning Lutheran doctrine, Biblical exegesis, commentaries,\n         a catechistic tract, religious adages, religious treatises,\n         synodical affairs, sermons, a translation of the Apologia of\n         the Confession and The Lesser Catechism of the Eminent\n         Martin Luther. There are also papers concerning the General\n         and \n          Tennessee Synod of the Lutheran Church and\n         the translation of the revision of the Book of Concord."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc\u003e\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:43:37.384Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_viu01021_c02_c06"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch, 1602/1681","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01","parent_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 4: Folders 15-26","Branch Family"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04","viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch","title_ssm":["\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch"],"title_tesim":["\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch, 1602/1681"],"text":["\"Notes from Branchiana\" by James Branch Cabell from Christopher Branch, 1602/1681","Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 4: Folders 15-26","Branch Family","Box 4","Folder 15"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 4: Folders 15-26","Branch Family"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Box 4: Folders 15-26","Branch Family"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1602/1681"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1602-1681"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":84,"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"collection_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"containers_ssim":["Box 4","Folder 15"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"date_range_isim":[1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:56.871Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8770","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/WM/repositories_2_resources_8770.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Nicholson, Lee, Papers","title_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers"],"title_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1827-1938"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1827-1938"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1827/1938"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"text":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938","Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770","Virginia--History","Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks","1294 items","Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.","Papers, 1837-1938, of Lee Nicholson, a genealogist of Sussex County, Va. Includes correspondence, notes and charts concerning many Virginia families. Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family.","Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.","Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"collection_ssim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, 1827/1938"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770"],"unitid_tesim":["Mss. 65 N59","/repositories/2/resources/8770"],"repository_ssm":["College of William and Mary"],"repository_ssim":["College of William and Mary"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia--History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia--History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia--History"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Genealogy","Sussex County (Va.)--History","Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1294 items"],"extent_ssm":["7.50 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7.50 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence","Manuscripts (document genre)","Notebooks"],"date_range_isim":[1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access:"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to all researchers. Manuscript collections and archival records may contain materials with sensitive or confidential information that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations, such as the Virginia Public Records Act (Code of Virginia. § 42.1-76-91); and the Virginia Freedom of Information Act (Code of Virginia § 2.2-3705.5). Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. The disclosure of personally identifiable information pertaining to a living individual may have legal consequences for which the College of William and Mary assumes no responsibility."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLee Nicholson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lee Nicholson Papers, Special Collections Research Center, Swem Library, College of William and Mary."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePapers, 1837-1938, of Lee Nicholson, a genealogist of Sussex County, Va. Includes correspondence, notes and charts concerning many Virginia families. 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Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:56.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c01_c04"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_884#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. The manuscript opens with an \"Epistle dedicatory\" dated 25 October 1628 by Abell Louering, addressed to Robert Rogers, Esq., whose wife was present at the baptism of John Thruston's son John. The manuscript then passes to John Thruston, Chamberlain of Bristol (1606-1675), son of Malachais Thurston of Wellington. Thurston had 16 children with his first wife, Thomasine Rich. Their various births, deaths, and marriages are recorded here, including the birth of son Edward in 1638. Dr. Edward Thurston began writing in the book in 1666, and his entries contain the first reference to Virginia in the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_884#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_884.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133387","title_filing_ssi":"Thruston family commonplace book","title_ssm":["Thruston family commonplace book"],"title_tesim":["Thruston family commonplace book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1604-1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1604-1925"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1604/1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925"],"text":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925","MSS 16427","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/884","Commonplace books","Poor.","Item was in preservation awaiting an enclosure. Work was completed by 2020.","The Thruston family moved to Virginia from Bristol, England in the mid-17th century and later moved to Kentucky.","Source: Materials within collection.","The Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. The manuscript opens with an \"Epistle dedicatory\" dated 25 October 1628 by Abell Louering, addressed to Robert Rogers, Esq., whose wife was present at the baptism of John Thruston's son John.  The manuscript then passes to John Thruston, Chamberlain of Bristol (1606-1675), son of Malachais Thurston of Wellington.  Thurston had 16 children with his first wife, Thomasine Rich.  Their various births, deaths, and marriages are recorded here, including the birth of son Edward in 1638.  Dr. Edward Thurston began writing in the book in 1666, and his entries contain the first reference to Virginia in the manuscript.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","Materials are in English."],"collection_title_tesim":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925"],"collection_ssim":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Item","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16427","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/884"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16427","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/884"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"creators_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"acqinfo_ssim":["2019-0169, purchased 19 April 2019, Elizabeth Cocke Coles Fund, 2018/2019."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Commonplace books"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Commonplace books"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Poor."],"extent_ssm":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 bound volume"],"extent_tesim":["0.03 Cubic Feet 1 bound volume"],"genreform_ssim":["Commonplace books"],"date_range_isim":[1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem was in preservation awaiting an enclosure. Work was completed by 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Item was in preservation awaiting an enclosure. Work was completed by 2020."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thruston family moved to Virginia from Bristol, England in the mid-17th century and later moved to Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Thruston family moved to Virginia from Bristol, England in the mid-17th century and later moved to Kentucky.","Source: Materials within collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16427, Thruston family commonplace book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16427, Thruston family commonplace book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. The manuscript opens with an \"Epistle dedicatory\" dated 25 October 1628 by Abell Louering, addressed to Robert Rogers, Esq., whose wife was present at the baptism of John Thruston's son John.  The manuscript then passes to John Thruston, Chamberlain of Bristol (1606-1675), son of Malachais Thurston of Wellington.  Thurston had 16 children with his first wife, Thomasine Rich.  Their various births, deaths, and marriages are recorded here, including the birth of son Edward in 1638.  Dr. Edward Thurston began writing in the book in 1666, and his entries contain the first reference to Virginia in the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. The manuscript opens with an \"Epistle dedicatory\" dated 25 October 1628 by Abell Louering, addressed to Robert Rogers, Esq., whose wife was present at the baptism of John Thruston's son John.  The manuscript then passes to John Thruston, Chamberlain of Bristol (1606-1675), son of Malachais Thurston of Wellington.  Thurston had 16 children with his first wife, Thomasine Rich.  Their various births, deaths, and marriages are recorded here, including the birth of son Edward in 1638.  Dr. Edward Thurston began writing in the book in 1666, and his entries contain the first reference to Virginia in the manuscript."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library"],"language_ssim":["Materials are in English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:41:25.324Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_884","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_884.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/133387","title_filing_ssi":"Thruston family commonplace book","title_ssm":["Thruston family commonplace book"],"title_tesim":["Thruston family commonplace book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1604-1925"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1604-1925"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1604/1925"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925"],"text":["Thruston family commonplace book, 1604/1925","MSS 16427","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/884","Commonplace books","Poor.","Item was in preservation awaiting an enclosure. 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Work was completed by 2020.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Item was in preservation awaiting an enclosure. Work was completed by 2020."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thruston family moved to Virginia from Bristol, England in the mid-17th century and later moved to Kentucky.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSource: Materials within collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Thruston family moved to Virginia from Bristol, England in the mid-17th century and later moved to Kentucky.","Source: Materials within collection."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16427, Thruston family commonplace book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16427, Thruston family commonplace book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. The manuscript opens with an \"Epistle dedicatory\" dated 25 October 1628 by Abell Louering, addressed to Robert Rogers, Esq., whose wife was present at the baptism of John Thruston's son John.  The manuscript then passes to John Thruston, Chamberlain of Bristol (1606-1675), son of Malachais Thurston of Wellington.  Thurston had 16 children with his first wife, Thomasine Rich.  Their various births, deaths, and marriages are recorded here, including the birth of son Edward in 1638.  Dr. Edward Thurston began writing in the book in 1666, and his entries contain the first reference to Virginia in the manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Thruston family commonplace book (1604-1925; 0.03 cubic feet) documents the family history of the Thruston family of Bristol and Virginia, with early records concerning Martin's Hundred, Virginia, a plantation on the north shore of the James River, first settled in 1638. 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Among them are the Batte family, Bolling family, Branch family, Briggs family, Chappell family, Heath family, Jones family, Land family, Mallory family, Mason family, Morton family, Neblett family, Nicholson family, Peebles family, Pegram family and Rives family."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use:"],"userestrict_tesim":["Before reproducing or quoting from any materials, in whole or in part, permission must be obtained from the Special Collections Research Center, and the holder of the copyright, if not Swem Library."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":486,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:51:56.871Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8770_c04_c10_c02"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Von Frieling Sammelband, 1512/1800","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBook is in poor condition; binding is very fragile and pages show substantial weather damage.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01","ref_ssm":["viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01"],"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","parent_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","parent_ssim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viu_repositories_7_resources_166"],"title_filing_ssi":"Von Frieling Sammelband","title_ssm":["Von Frieling Sammelband"],"title_tesim":["Von Frieling Sammelband"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Von Frieling Sammelband, 1512/1800"],"text":["Von Frieling Sammelband, 1512/1800","Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932","1 leather bound book, 4 inches x 6 inches","box 1-Vault","folder 2 [Vault]","Book is in poor condition; binding is very fragile and pages show substantial weather damage.","Item stored in the Historical Collections Vault due to age and physical condition."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1512/1800"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1512-1800s"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[1],"sort_isi":1,"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"collection_ssim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 leather bound book, 4 inches x 6 inches"],"containers_ssim":["box 1-Vault","folder 2 [Vault]"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Some materials, including the Kräuter Atlas and the Gutenberg Museum Guide, may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"date_range_isim":[1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBook is in poor condition; binding is very fragile and pages show substantial weather damage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Book is in poor condition; binding is very fragile and pages show substantial weather damage."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eItem stored in the Historical Collections Vault due to age and physical condition.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Item stored in the Historical Collections Vault due to age and physical condition."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","_root_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_7_resources_166","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_7_resources_166.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/149","title_ssm":["Von Frieling's Salve collection"],"title_tesim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1512-1977,","bulk 1900-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1512-1977,"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["bulk 1900-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"text":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932","MS.65","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/166","1 box with the dimensions of 5.5 inches x 10 inches x 15.5 inches, 1 folder with the dimensions of 8.5 inches by 14 inches, and 2 jars measuring 2 inches tall and 1.5 inches in diameter.","Collection is open to research.","Materials are arranged by approximate chronology.","This collection includes an untitled work that supposedly belonged to Dr. Albert Von Frieling, a physician living in Soltau, Germany, in the early 16th century. No additional information could be found related to Dr. Von Frieling's life or medical practice. Documentation written by Edward Colman and George Von Frieling that accompanies the book describes its discovery in approximately 1902 on the Von Frieling estate in Soltau, Germany. Colman and G. Von Frieling write that the book, which included an ancient recipe for green butter salve, was found inside an iron box with several decaying, unreadable papers. Their record dates the book to 1512, but this date lacks additional authentication and should be considered unconfirmed.","Much of the Von Frieling's Salve Collection pertains to the recipe for green butter salve, which supposedly was created by Dr. Albert Von Frieling in the 16th century. After the discovery of the untitled work on the estate in Soltau, Henry Von Frieling, a descendant of Dr. Albert Von Frieling, is said to have recreated the salve described by his ancestor. Heinrich (Henry) Von Frieling was born 21 September 1885 in Soltau, according to the inscription in the front of his notebook. He came to New York in the early 20th century, but little is know about his life, other than his business venture to market \"Von Frieling's Salve.\" H. Von Frieling applied for a patent for the salve in 1911, and historical newspapers show that advertisements for Von Frieling's Salve continued to run in several Iowa papers until at least 1931. An undated and unidentified newspaper clipping reports the filing of a bankruptcy petition for \"Frieling Bros. (Henry's Restaurant),\" owned by \"Henry V. and George V. Frieling\" in the southern district, which possibly refers to the Southern District of New York.","This collection consists of 17 folders. In addition to the untitled book, designated the \"Von Frieling Sammelband,\" the collection contains photocopies of the book and materials related to the 20th century version of Von Frieling's green butter salve, also called Von Frieling's plaster salve. These materials include documentation and packaging for the salve, patent paperwork, correspondence, and various items related to herbal medicine and early German printing, as well as two samples of the salve itself.","The Von Frieling Sammelband is believed to have been owned by the Von Frieling family of Soltau, Germany. The book is a composite work in German with pages taken from at least three apparently separate works and sewn together into one bound volume. These texts include a work on the interpretation of dreams, another on the medicinal properties of various local waters, and other writings related to astrology and early medicine. In a description of the 20th century rediscovery of the Von Frieling Sammelband, the authors note that \"this book contains quotations from philosophers of that period, notes upon the art of steel making and a formula for making a green butter salve that made Doctor Von Frieling famous as a man of healing power.\" The book is bound in leather; the text is printed in Gothic-style German and includes small woodblock prints. Following the sections of printed text, the book includes an extensive section of handwritten notes, also in German, which appear to have been added by different hands and at various times up to the 1800s. Among the notes are several hand-drawn designs and sketches.","Some materials, including the Kräuter Atlas and the Gutenberg Museum Guide, may be subject to copyright restrictions.","Claude Moore Health Sciences Library","English and German"],"collection_title_tesim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"collection_ssim":["Von Frieling's Salve collection, 1512/1977, bulk 1900/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS.65","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/166"],"unitid_tesim":["MS.65","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/7/resources/166"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"creators_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["Some materials, including the Kräuter Atlas and the Gutenberg Museum Guide, may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia in 2010 by Chris VonFrieling. Prior to the creation of this finding aid in 2014, two items from the collection were processed into the Historical Collections artifacts collection in 2012."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 box with the dimensions of 5.5 inches x 10 inches x 15.5 inches, 1 folder with the dimensions of 8.5 inches by 14 inches, and 2 jars measuring 2 inches tall and 1.5 inches in diameter."],"extent_ssm":[".5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":[".5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1512,1513,1514,1515,1516,1517,1518,1519,1520,1521,1522,1523,1524,1525,1526,1527,1528,1529,1530,1531,1532,1533,1534,1535,1536,1537,1538,1539,1540,1541,1542,1543,1544,1545,1546,1547,1548,1549,1550,1551,1552,1553,1554,1555,1556,1557,1558,1559,1560,1561,1562,1563,1564,1565,1566,1567,1568,1569,1570,1571,1572,1573,1574,1575,1576,1577,1578,1579,1580,1581,1582,1583,1584,1585,1586,1587,1588,1589,1590,1591,1592,1593,1594,1595,1596,1597,1598,1599,1600,1601,1602,1603,1604,1605,1606,1607,1608,1609,1610,1611,1612,1613,1614,1615,1616,1617,1618,1619,1620,1621,1622,1623,1624,1625,1626,1627,1628,1629,1630,1631,1632,1633,1634,1635,1636,1637,1638,1639,1640,1641,1642,1643,1644,1645,1646,1647,1648,1649,1650,1651,1652,1653,1654,1655,1656,1657,1658,1659,1660,1661,1662,1663,1664,1665,1666,1667,1668,1669,1670,1671,1672,1673,1674,1675,1676,1677,1678,1679,1680,1681,1682,1683,1684,1685,1686,1687,1688,1689,1690,1691,1692,1693,1694,1695,1696,1697,1698,1699,1700,1701,1702,1703,1704,1705,1706,1707,1708,1709,1710,1711,1712,1713,1714,1715,1716,1717,1718,1719,1720,1721,1722,1723,1724,1725,1726,1727,1728,1729,1730,1731,1732,1733,1734,1735,1736,1737,1738,1739,1740,1741,1742,1743,1744,1745,1746,1747,1748,1749,1750,1751,1752,1753,1754,1755,1756,1757,1758,1759,1760,1761,1762,1763,1764,1765,1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials are arranged by approximate chronology.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Materials are arranged by approximate chronology."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection includes an untitled work that supposedly belonged to Dr. Albert Von Frieling, a physician living in Soltau, Germany, in the early 16th century. No additional information could be found related to Dr. Von Frieling's life or medical practice. Documentation written by Edward Colman and George Von Frieling that accompanies the book describes its discovery in approximately 1902 on the Von Frieling estate in Soltau, Germany. Colman and G. Von Frieling write that the book, which included an ancient recipe for green butter salve, was found inside an iron box with several decaying, unreadable papers. Their record dates the book to 1512, but this date lacks additional authentication and should be considered unconfirmed.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nMuch of the Von Frieling's Salve Collection pertains to the recipe for green butter salve, which supposedly was created by Dr. Albert Von Frieling in the 16th century. After the discovery of the untitled work on the estate in Soltau, Henry Von Frieling, a descendant of Dr. Albert Von Frieling, is said to have recreated the salve described by his ancestor. Heinrich (Henry) Von Frieling was born 21 September 1885 in Soltau, according to the inscription in the front of his notebook. He came to New York in the early 20th century, but little is know about his life, other than his business venture to market \"Von Frieling's Salve.\" H. Von Frieling applied for a patent for the salve in 1911, and historical newspapers show that advertisements for Von Frieling's Salve continued to run in several Iowa papers until at least 1931. An undated and unidentified newspaper clipping reports the filing of a bankruptcy petition for \"Frieling Bros. (Henry's Restaurant),\" owned by \"Henry V. and George V. Frieling\" in the southern district, which possibly refers to the Southern District of New York.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["This collection includes an untitled work that supposedly belonged to Dr. Albert Von Frieling, a physician living in Soltau, Germany, in the early 16th century. No additional information could be found related to Dr. Von Frieling's life or medical practice. Documentation written by Edward Colman and George Von Frieling that accompanies the book describes its discovery in approximately 1902 on the Von Frieling estate in Soltau, Germany. Colman and G. Von Frieling write that the book, which included an ancient recipe for green butter salve, was found inside an iron box with several decaying, unreadable papers. Their record dates the book to 1512, but this date lacks additional authentication and should be considered unconfirmed.","Much of the Von Frieling's Salve Collection pertains to the recipe for green butter salve, which supposedly was created by Dr. Albert Von Frieling in the 16th century. After the discovery of the untitled work on the estate in Soltau, Henry Von Frieling, a descendant of Dr. Albert Von Frieling, is said to have recreated the salve described by his ancestor. Heinrich (Henry) Von Frieling was born 21 September 1885 in Soltau, according to the inscription in the front of his notebook. He came to New York in the early 20th century, but little is know about his life, other than his business venture to market \"Von Frieling's Salve.\" H. Von Frieling applied for a patent for the salve in 1911, and historical newspapers show that advertisements for Von Frieling's Salve continued to run in several Iowa papers until at least 1931. An undated and unidentified newspaper clipping reports the filing of a bankruptcy petition for \"Frieling Bros. (Henry's Restaurant),\" owned by \"Henry V. and George V. Frieling\" in the southern district, which possibly refers to the Southern District of New York."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eVon Frieling's Salve Collection, MS-65, Historical Collections and Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Von Frieling's Salve Collection, MS-65, Historical Collections and Services, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Va."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\nThis collection consists of 17 folders. In addition to the untitled book, designated the \"Von Frieling Sammelband,\" the collection contains photocopies of the book and materials related to the 20th century version of Von Frieling's green butter salve, also called Von Frieling's plaster salve. These materials include documentation and packaging for the salve, patent paperwork, correspondence, and various items related to herbal medicine and early German printing, as well as two samples of the salve itself.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nThe Von Frieling Sammelband is believed to have been owned by the Von Frieling family of Soltau, Germany. The book is a composite work in German with pages taken from at least three apparently separate works and sewn together into one bound volume. These texts include a work on the interpretation of dreams, another on the medicinal properties of various local waters, and other writings related to astrology and early medicine. In a description of the 20th century rediscovery of the Von Frieling Sammelband, the authors note that \"this book contains quotations from philosophers of that period, notes upon the art of steel making and a formula for making a green butter salve that made Doctor Von Frieling famous as a man of healing power.\" The book is bound in leather; the text is printed in Gothic-style German and includes small woodblock prints. Following the sections of printed text, the book includes an extensive section of handwritten notes, also in German, which appear to have been added by different hands and at various times up to the 1800s. Among the notes are several hand-drawn designs and sketches.\n\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection consists of 17 folders. In addition to the untitled book, designated the \"Von Frieling Sammelband,\" the collection contains photocopies of the book and materials related to the 20th century version of Von Frieling's green butter salve, also called Von Frieling's plaster salve. These materials include documentation and packaging for the salve, patent paperwork, correspondence, and various items related to herbal medicine and early German printing, as well as two samples of the salve itself.","The Von Frieling Sammelband is believed to have been owned by the Von Frieling family of Soltau, Germany. The book is a composite work in German with pages taken from at least three apparently separate works and sewn together into one bound volume. These texts include a work on the interpretation of dreams, another on the medicinal properties of various local waters, and other writings related to astrology and early medicine. In a description of the 20th century rediscovery of the Von Frieling Sammelband, the authors note that \"this book contains quotations from philosophers of that period, notes upon the art of steel making and a formula for making a green butter salve that made Doctor Von Frieling famous as a man of healing power.\" The book is bound in leather; the text is printed in Gothic-style German and includes small woodblock prints. Following the sections of printed text, the book includes an extensive section of handwritten notes, also in German, which appear to have been added by different hands and at various times up to the 1800s. Among the notes are several hand-drawn designs and sketches."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSome materials, including the Kräuter Atlas and the Gutenberg Museum Guide, may be subject to copyright restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Some materials, including the Kräuter Atlas and the Gutenberg Museum Guide, may be subject to copyright restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"names_ssim":["Claude Moore Health Sciences Library"],"language_ssim":["English and German"],"total_component_count_is":17,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:42:05.154Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_7_resources_166_c01"}},{"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr), 1555/1828","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eAlso mentions families of Dandridge, Aylett, Payne, Henry, Watkins, Claiborne, Spotswood, Gregory, Taylor, Anderson, Morriss, Harrison, Jones, Cocke, Peterson, Fox, Richerson, Phillips, and Meredith. 1 item. PM and Cy.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02","ref_ssm":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02"],"id":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17_c02","ead_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854","_root_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854","_nest_parent_":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17","parent_ssi":"viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17","parent_ssim":["Morton Genealogy Collection, 1830/1978","Box 1","Folder 16"],"parent_ids_ssim":["viw_repositories_2_resources_8854","viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01","viw_repositories_2_resources_8854_c01_c17"],"title_filing_ssi":"West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr)","title_ssm":["West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr)"],"title_tesim":["West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr), 1555/1828"],"text":["West genealogical chart (2nd Lord de la Warr), 1555/1828","Morton Genealogy Collection, 1830/1978","Box 1","Folder 16","Box 1","Folder 16","Also mentions families of Dandridge, Aylett, Payne, Henry, Watkins, Claiborne, Spotswood, Gregory, Taylor, Anderson, Morriss, Harrison, Jones, Cocke, Peterson, Fox, Richerson, Phillips, and Meredith. 1 item. 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Confidential material may include, but is not limited to, educational, medical, and personnel records. If sensitive material is found in this collection, please contact a staff member immediately. 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