{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Westmoreland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=3"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":22,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04906","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04906","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04906","_root_":"vi_vi04906","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04906","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04906.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:58.453Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04906","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04906","_root_":"vi_vi04906","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04906","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04906.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1101693-1101694, 1101709-1101724, 1101797, 1176629-1176630\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, \n 1700s-1956"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["10 v.; 2 boxes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. \u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged, in part, chronologically.  The box material is Unprocessed. "],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Bonds/Commissions/Oaths, 1700s-1956, consist of Bond Books, a Commissioners' Account Book and unprocessed officials' bonds, and resignations and appointments.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:58.453Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04906"}},{"id":"vi_vi04063","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04063","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04063","_root_":"vi_vi04063","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04063","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04063.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)","36.7 cubic feet (8 boxes); Digital images.","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement \n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003e Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. 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Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:01:00.568Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04063","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04063","_root_":"vi_vi04063","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04063","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04063.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1753-1958 (bulk 1873-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement \n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder is as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003e Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Locality History: Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Lost Locality Notes:  Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764–1776), and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1753-1958, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":18,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:01:00.568Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04063"}},{"id":"vi_vi04908","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04908","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04908","_root_":"vi_vi04908","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04908","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04908.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"text":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box; 6 v."],"extent_tesim":["1 box; 6 v."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:57:12.037Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04908","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04908","_root_":"vi_vi04908","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04908","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04908.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"text":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","This collection is arranged chronologically.","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n","State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042953, 1101686, 1101730-1101814\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, \n 1854-1916"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a shipment of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box; 6 v."],"extent_tesim":["1 box; 6 v."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","The circuit courts in Virginia were authorized by the constitution of 1851, and were established by acts passed by the General Assembly in May 1852. Theese courts were granted original jurisdiction concurrent with that of the county courts. Since 1873 they have had exclusive jurisdiction in chancery causes. The Virginia constitution of 1902 made no provision for continuing the county courts, and their original jurisdiction was given to the circuit courts effective 1 February 1904. The circuit courts still exist today, and are now the only court of record in Virginia localities.\n","Many loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except an order book for the period 1764-1776) and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court Records, 1854-1916, consist of 1 box of Executions Returned, 2 Execution Books, 2 Orders at Law Books, 1 Orders of Court and Miscellaneous Court Notes Book and 1 Memorandum Book.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Shelf Location\"\u003eState Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center--Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:57:12.037Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04908"}},{"id":"vi_vi03399","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God. Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known. If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased. Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03399","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03399","_root_":"vi_vi03399","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03399","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03399.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007329896\n"],"text":["0007329896\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007329896\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:39.356Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03399","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03399","_root_":"vi_vi03399","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03399","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03399.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007329896\n"],"text":["0007329896\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007329896\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1802-1939"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Infanticide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Murder victims--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Suicide--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Death records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Reports--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.   The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1802-1939, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:39.356Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03399"}},{"id":"vi_vi02630","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02630","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02630","_root_":"vi_vi02630","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02630.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952","8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)","Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. ","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in multiple shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County including a transfer under the accession number 41889 and undated accessions. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:43:19.083Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02630","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02630","_root_":"vi_vi02630","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02630.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"text":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952","8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)","Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n","Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. ","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records,\n 1776-1952"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in multiple shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County including a transfer under the accession number 41889 and undated accessions. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.33 cubic feet (19 boxes)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBoxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Boxes of commonwealth causes, 1778-1863, pertaining to free and enslaved persons are arranged chronologically.\nAll other boxes are unprocessed.\n\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:\u003c/emph\u003e Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Commonwealth causes are criminal court cases filed by the state government that consist primarily of warrants, summons, subpoenas, indictments, recognizances, and verdicts handed down by juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code.\n","The commonwealth causes reveal an inconsistency in forms of conviction and punishment for white versus Black and multiracial individuals. Throughout the early nineteenth century, Virginia legislators revised the laws in ways that reduced the legal status of free Black and multiracial people to that of enslaved, thereby creating a legal system based on race. White Virginians and legislators feared insurrection and passed laws restricting the number of Black and multiracial people allowed to gather in groups. Enslavers could be fined for permitting their enslaved people to hire themselves out for work and enslaved people were jailed on these occasions. While public whipping originated as a form of punishment for all those convicted, in Virginia, it was retained for those who were Black, free or enslaved, and officially outlawed as a punishment for white criminals in 1848. Often, Black individuals served much longer penitentiary sentences while the cases of white men, who had committed the same or similar crimes, were dismissed.\n","The documents that frequently appear in criminal records include warrants that were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases. They also contain summonses, used to call a suspected person, witness, or victim(s) to appear in court, and indictments (sometimes called presentments) are the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Criminal record additionally include verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. \n","Locality History Note:  Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Many Loose papers were burned during the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book ,1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCauses commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Westmoreland County (Va.) Criminal Records, 1776-1952, remain largely unprocessed but consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. Included are three boxes of processed material consisting of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals.\n","Although the majority of these records are not fully processed and indexed, a survey of the 1776-1865 Commonwealth Causes has allowed for the documentation of various trends found in this set of records. Notability, the testimonies found throughout the Commonwealth causes for this time period contain great detail which extends to testimony provided by the coroner in cases of murder.\n","The Commonwealth Causes (consisting of arrest warrants, summons, and Grand Jury presentments) originating in the late 18th century contain a significant number of records concerned with social behavior such as public consumption of alcohol, consumption of alcohol on the sabbath, as well as charges related to swearing [profanity use] in public.\n","There are also a large number of causes brought against individuals who did not cast a ballot in local elections.\n","Additionally, there are a consistent number of unmarried women asking for child support against fathers. By the early 19th century there was a noticeable drop off of these cases and a shift; the state focused instead in attempting to prosecute those who had committed adultery instead of private citizens seeking the state's assistance for supporting the children produced from these unions. \n","Of additional interest, are several causes brought against individuals who had purposely spread smallpox (meaning they had refused to inoculate themselves yet continued to interact with others in public spaces).","The Criminal Records of the 19th century, 1800-1865, still largely concern social behaviors primarily alcohol consumption and distribution (selling ardent spirits to enslaved people, selling ardent spirts at the place where it was consumed, selling without a retail license, etc.) as well as operating houses of ill fame, playing cards, gambling, and racing horses. These causes also note instances of alleged mingling between white and Black individuals.  Lastly, there are several murder cases that involved domestic violence. ","The three boxes of processed material consist of Commonwealth Causes,1778-1863, involving free and enslaved Black individuals where the defendants themselves are either free or enslaved Black individuals. These cases also consist of white defendants who are charged with crimes involving matters of chattel slavery; violence against a free or enslaved Black persons; or other violations of laws involving the policing of Black communities.","Causes commonly found against free Black and enslaved people might include breaking and entering, stealing, assault, murder, arson, and aiding enslaved people to self-emancipate. Formerly enslaved men and women could also be tried for remaining in the commonwealth more than one year following emancipation. There are also cases against enslavers who permitted a gathering of enslaved people on their property.","Additional unprocessed material includes Grand Jury Presentments, 1786-1787, 1801-1857; Peace Warrants and Peace Bonds, 1789, 1802-1844; Criminal Proceedings, 1839; and a 1845-1911 box containing recognizances; lists of venire men; and clerk's lists of fines. "],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":21,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:43:19.083Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02630"}},{"id":"vi_vi04425","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04425#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04425","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04425","_root_":"vi_vi04425","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04425","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04425.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"text":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954","Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These item came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Westmoreland County (Va.). \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records--Virginia--Westmoreland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["1 box and 94 volumes"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George was added later. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Storage Location\"\u003eState Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Election Records, 1902-1954 consist of individual items; and volumes of General Registration, List of Voters, and Rolls of Registered Voters.\n","State Records Center-Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1042957, 1043042, 1101708, 1101719, 1101870, 1101872-1101874\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Election Records, \n 1902-1954"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. 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General Voter Registration Book, \n 1902-1903"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653, and part of King George County was added in 1777.\n","The 1902 voter registration books were created following the passage of the 1902 Virginia state constitution. The purpose of the 1902 state constitution was to maintain white suffrage while eliminating African-American voters by means of literacy tests as well as property and poll tax requirements.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) General Voter Registration Book, 1902-1903, records the roll of registered voters in Westmoreland County. The volume is divided by precincts: Baynesville, Colonial Beach, Hague, Kinsale, Montross, Oldhams, Oak Grove, and Warrensville; and within each precinct on the basis of color. Information found in the volumes includes date of registration; number of registered voter; name of registered voter; date of birth; age; occupation; residence; length of residence in state, county, and precinct; whether exempt from poll tax; if naturalized, and if so, date of papers and by what court issued; if transferred from another precinct, and if so, when and to what precinct.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:48:53.672Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02441"}},{"id":"vi_vi03645","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03645#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03645#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03645#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03645","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03645","_root_":"vi_vi03645","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03645.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177225\n"],"text":["1177225\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct","African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","1 folder","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177225\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:14:23.673Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03645","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03645","_root_":"vi_vi03645","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03645","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03645.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177225\n"],"text":["1177225\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct","African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County","1 folder","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n","Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177225\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon,\n 1808 Oct"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Slaveholders--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Slaves--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Women--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Civil suits--Virginia--Westmoreland County","Local government records--Virginia--Westmoreland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 folder"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Many loose papers were burned during both the Revolutionary War and the Civil War. Volumes that record deeds, court orders (except for an order book for the period 1764-1776), and wills exist.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va) Judgment John Norwood versus Administrator of Elizabeth Brinnon, 1808 Oct., was a civil suit in which the plaintiff sued for money owed by the defendant for providing Brinnon's servants and slaves meat, drink, washing, lodging, and board over a period of twenty years. The suit includes exhibits that record the names of slaves, year of birth, year of death, and family relationships.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:14:23.673Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03645"}},{"id":"vi_vi03650","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03650#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03650","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03650","_root_":"vi_vi03650","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03650","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03650.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007423868\n"],"text":["0007423868\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007423868\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:17.564Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03650","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03650","_root_":"vi_vi03650","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03650","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03650.xml","title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858\n"],"title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007423868\n"],"text":["0007423868\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n","Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007423868\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"collection_title_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"collection_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1810-1858"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Westmoreland County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Westmoreland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Westmoreland County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland County in 1653. The county seat is Montross.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eWestmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Westmoreland County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1810-1858, consist of suits initiated by slaves seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Westmoreland County (Va.). 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