{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Walker%2C+Jacqueline+Baldwin%2C+1949-\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Walker%2C+Jacqueline+Baldwin%2C+1949-\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":6,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU, 2019","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01_c01","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01","parent_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c01"],"title_filing_ssi":"AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU","title_ssm":["AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU"],"title_tesim":["AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU"],"normalized_title_ssm":["AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU, 2019"],"text":["AAAD Faculty Panel Discussion on Black Spaces at JMU, 2019","Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","English","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019 March 1"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":2,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"extent_ssm":["2.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file","1:04:37 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"extent_tesim":["2.23 Gigabytes 1 digital file","1:04:37 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"physfacet_tesim":["(.wav)"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. 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(Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant"],"language_ssim":["English"],"date_range_isim":[2019],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_779.xml","title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"text":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779","oral histories (literary works)","This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.","The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019","This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center","Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"collection_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-"],"creator_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. 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Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"creators_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Molly Godfrey, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eClassroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Preservica Internal","Preservica Access"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 \u003cemph\u003eBlack Studies and Black Spaces\u003c/emph\u003e course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the \u003ccorpname\u003eFurious Flower Poetry Center\u003c/corpname\u003e (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026amp; Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#29/components#0","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_779.xml","title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"text":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779","oral histories (literary works)","This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.","The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019","This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center","Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"collection_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-"],"creator_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. 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Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"creators_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Molly Godfrey, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eClassroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Preservica Internal","Preservica Access"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 \u003cemph\u003eBlack Studies and Black Spaces\u003c/emph\u003e course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the \u003ccorpname\u003eFurious Flower Poetry Center\u003c/corpname\u003e (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026amp; Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019 November 19"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":44,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"extent_ssm":["16.4 Megabytes 1 digital file","00:32:41 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"extent_tesim":["16.4 Megabytes 1 digital file","00:32:41 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"physfacet_tesim":["(.wav)"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Harris, Illiana"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. 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The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#29/components#1","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_779.xml","title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"text":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779","oral histories (literary works)","This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.","The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019","This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center","Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. 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Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"creators_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Molly Godfrey, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eClassroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Preservica Internal","Preservica Access"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 \u003cemph\u003eBlack Studies and Black Spaces\u003c/emph\u003e course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the \u003ccorpname\u003eFurious Flower Poetry Center\u003c/corpname\u003e (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026amp; Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30_c03#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30_c03","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30_c03"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30_c03","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30","parent_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02","vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30"],"title_filing_ssi":"Jacqueline Walker interviewed by Zenobia Lee-Nelson and Mone' Parker","title_ssm":["Jacqueline Walker interviewed by Zenobia Lee-Nelson and Mone' Parker"],"title_tesim":["Jacqueline Walker interviewed by Zenobia Lee-Nelson and Mone' Parker"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jacqueline Walker interviewed by Zenobia Lee-Nelson and Mone' Parker, 2019"],"text":["Jacqueline Walker interviewed by Zenobia Lee-Nelson and Mone' Parker, 2019","Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Parker, Mone'","English","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","Oral History Interviews, 2019","Jacqueline Walker"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019 November 19"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[3],"sort_isi":45,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"extent_ssm":["5.2 Megabytes 1 digital file","00:10:23 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"extent_tesim":["5.2 Megabytes 1 digital file","00:10:23 Duration (HH:MM:SS.mmm)"],"physfacet_tesim":["(.wav)"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Parker, Mone'"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open for research. 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The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#29/components#2","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_779","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_779.xml","title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"title_tesim":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories"],"unitdate_ssm":["2019"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2019"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2019"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019"],"text":["Black Studies, Black Spaces oral histories, 2019","SdArch.0046","/repositories/4/resources/779","oral histories (literary works)","This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.","The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019","This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center","Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. 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Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Molly Godfrey, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"extent_tesim":["22.1 Gigabytes 98 digital files"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)"],"date_range_isim":[2019],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research. Agreements with the interviewees govern access to oral history interviews."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eClassroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2019\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series. The oral histories are arranged alphabetically by surname of interviewee.","Classroom Panel Discussion Sound Recordings, 2019\n      Oral History Interviews, 2019"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://us.preservica.com/explorer/explorer.html#prop:4\u0026amp;c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b\"\u003ePreservica Internal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://jmu.access.preservica.com/archive/sdb%3Acollection|c420eddd-b908-4dae-9dcf-09e7626d002b/\"\u003ePreservica Access\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Preservica Internal URL","Preservica Public URL"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Preservica Internal","Preservica Access"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 \u003cemph\u003eBlack Studies and Black Spaces\u003c/emph\u003e course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the \u003ccorpname\u003eFurious Flower Poetry Center\u003c/corpname\u003e (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026amp; Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains three classroom panel discussion sound recordings as well as forty-one oral history interviews with thirty-six narrators conducted during the Fall 2019 Black Studies and Black Spaces course offered by the African, African American, and Diaspora Studies (AAAD) program. The interviews comprise a diverse group of narrators, including community members, faculty (current and former), students, administrators, staff, and alumni, reflecting on their experiences and perspectives related to Black studies and the creation of Black spaces within academic and community contexts.","The materials include 98 digital files comprising audio recordings (.wav), corresponding transcripts (.docx), and supporting documentation (.docx and .pdf). Oral history interviews with Joanne Gabbin, Chervon Moore, David Owusu-Ansah, Jacqueline Walker, and Amanda Yankey were conducted over multiple sessions.","The interviews explore themes such as the historical development of Black Studies as an academic discipline, its impact on institutional policies, the role of Black spaces in fostering identity and community, and the intersection of scholarship and activism. Topics include curriculum development, advocacy for interdisciplinary programs, student-led initiatives, and collaborations with local Black communities. Subthemes address cultural memory preservation, intersectionality (race, gender, and class), critiques of diversity frameworks in academia, and the challenges of sustaining inclusive spaces within predominantly white institutions.","This panel discussion documents the institutional history of JMU's AAAD Studies program through the perspectives of founding faculty members, covering several key themes. The founding of AAAD Studies traces its origins to 1980s student-led initiatives that called for Black-centered curricula, with Dr. Jacqueline Walker detailing her 1976 arrival at Madison College, where she developed early African American history courses. Dr. David Owusu-Ansah recounts the collaborative efforts across departments to secure federal grants for African Studies, emphasizing the importance of interdisciplinary partnerships with art history, political science, and English. Faculty also reflect on the pedagogical challenges of teaching Africana content to predominantly white student bodies; Dr. Steven Reich discusses his approach to dismantling racialized medical biases through historical analysis, while Dr. Melinda Adams highlights her use of African novels in political science courses to counter Eurocentric scholarship. Additionally, Dr. Walker and Dr. Owusu-Ansah analyze retention strategies for BIPOC faculty, noting that JMU has relied more on interpersonal networks than on structural reforms for support. The panel further critiques JMU's fraught relationship with Harrisonburg's Black communities, with Dr. Reich acknowledging the resistance to archiving local Black history.","This panel discussion features conversations among Black women scholars, educators, and institutional leaders about their experiences in academic environments. The panelists reflect on systemic challenges, professional achievements, and intersectional identities within higher education. Key themes include institutional barriers to advancement, strategies for mentorship and community building, and the impact of race and gender on teaching practices. The discussion covers topics such as tenure processes, interdisciplinary collaboration, and navigating visibility in predominantly white academic institutions. The panelists offer critical insights into the sociopolitical dynamics of academia during the late 20th century. Additionally, the recording includes audience  questions related to policy reform and solidarity frameworks. While there is minor background noise, the audio remains clear throughout. This material serves as a primary resource for scholars investigating the historiography of Black feminist thought, institutional equity movements, and oral history methodologies aimed at preserving underrepresented voices.","This panel discussion explores the history and significance of Black Greek Letter Organizations (BGLOs) at James Madison University. The discussion lifts up BGLOs' roles as cultural affirmations and service leadership engines and addresses challenges within JMU's diversity landscape. BGLOs arose in the early 20th century in response to racial exclusion. Dr. Joanne Gabbin notes the founding of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc. in 1908 at Howard University, focused on combating poverty. Alexander Gabbin traces Kappa Alpha Psi Fraternity, Inc.'s founding in 1911, emphasizing its commitment to academic survival amid racial hostility. Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., founded in 1922, began under KKK influence, underscoring the need for community service. Panelists distinguish BGLOs from predominantly white Greek organizations, noting their legal commitment to community uplift. Esther Nizer illustrates Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc.'s activism during the 1913 Women's Suffrage March. Panelists share transformative personal journeys shaped by BGLOs, such as Alexander Gabbin, who gained leadership skills through Kappa Alpha Psi, and Chervon Moore, who found mentorship in Sigma Gamma Rho. BGLOs have significantly influenced JMU's diversity, with alumni taking on leadership roles across campus. Despite their legacy, BGLOs face declining visibility and membership due to reduced Black student enrollment and resource disparities. Esther Nizer mentions alumnae initiatives aimed at fostering connections and a need for greater university support. Panelists discuss the tension between tradition and the evolving views of students regarding BGLOs. The alumni networks of BGLOs play a critical role in retention and support. Dr. Joanne Gabbin shares her long-term mentorship with JMU's Alpha Kappa Alpha chapter. Esther Nizer discusses how her alumni chapter focused on scholarships and legislative advocacy, exemplifying BGLOs as lifelong commitments.","Records an interview with Ireti Akinola, a Black Nigerian American recruitment specialist at James Madison University, who recounts her work recruiting faculty and staff across units including the Office of the President, Student Affairs, and Access and Enrollment Management. The interview documents her navigation of intersecting identities as a Black woman of Nigerian descent, the challenges of advancing institutional diversity initiatives, and her trajectory from JMU alumna to human resources professional. Discusses broader questions of representation, cultural belonging, and the experience of working within a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Lauren K. Alleyne, Executive Director of the Furious Flower Poetry Center (FFPC) at James Madison University, who describes the center's operations, programming, and significance as the first academic center dedicated to Black poetry in the United States. The interview documents her responsibilities as editor-in-chief of the online journal \"The Fight and The Fiddle,\" including fundraising, grant writing, and planning seminars, reading series, and other public programs. Discusses major events such as the \"Throw Your Head Back \u0026 Sing\" tribute to Maya Angelou and the Furious Flower 25th anniversary celebration; community engagement initiatives including children's summer arts camps, school visits, and regional collaborations; and institutional challenges related to budget, staffing, space, and campus visibility. Addresses the center's national and international profile, its relationship to JMU and the Harrisonburg community, and tensions between local recognition and national prominence in promoting Black poetry.","Records an interview with Mecca Baker, who reflects on her experiences as a transfer student at James Madison University and her leadership in Black student organizations at a predominantly white institution. The interview documents her search for community, increasing involvement in the Black Student Alliance (BSA), and progression from Parliamentarian and Treasurer to President. Discusses efforts to revitalize BSA from a small, declining organization with limited institutional memory into a more visible, active group; initiatives to redesign the logo, expand programming, and preserve organizational records through donation to Special Collections; and the broader context of Black student life at JMU in the mid to late 2010s. Additional topics include campus protests and marches addressing racial issues, attempts to bridge divides between Greek and non-Greek Black students through events such as \"To Greek or Not to Greek,\" participation in Esteem Models, and evolving conversations about mental health and sexuality within the Black community.","Records an interview with Rebeca Barge, an immigrant from Central America and long-time Harrisonburg resident, who reflects on community engagement, diversity, and relationships between James Madison University and the city of Harrisonburg. The interview documents her work at the Harrisonburg City Public Schools Welcome Center assisting Latin American families with access to local resources and her subsequent role at JMU's Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) supporting student organizations and diversity initiatives. Discusses her former position as Program Director at Big Brothers Big Sisters coordinating mentoring programs with JMU students and considers how these roles connect campus communities, local schools, and families in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County.","Records an interview with Daniel Beers, Associate Professor in the Department of Justice Studies at James Madison University, who recounts his humanitarian work and academic career with a focus on Haiti. The interview documents the founding and development of Resources to Resources, a nonprofit organization supporting community-driven development projects, and his efforts to involve students in international humanitarian work through cultural programming and experiential learning. Discusses critical perspectives on traditional humanitarian aid, ethical research practices in Haiti, fundraising concerts, challenges of scaling community-based initiatives and countering poverty narratives, and the intersections between academic research and community service in international development contexts.","Records an interview with Tiffany Brutus, Assistant Director of Student-Athlete Services at James Madison University and JMU alumna, who reflects on her experiences as a student-athlete and administrator. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years as a track and field athlete from Ann Arbor, Michigan, earning bachelor's and master's degrees in Health Sciences in 2004 and 2006, and her engagement with the Center for Multicultural Student Services and the Black student community. Discusses her accomplishments as a four-time CAA Conference Champion, transition from student-athlete to graduate assistant in Student Athlete Services, and subsequent professional role supporting student-athletes. Additional topics include her service with the Black Alumni Chapter as Secretary, challenges in fostering Black alumni engagement, and observations on changes in Black student experiences at JMU from the 1980s through the 2000s.","Records an interview with Cannie Campbell, Associate Vice President for Constituent Engagement, and Carrie Combs, Director of Alumni Relations and Executive Director of the JMU Alumni Association, who discuss their experiences as James Madison University alumni and advancement professionals. The interview, conducted at Sonner Hall, documents Campbell's transfer to JMU in 1995, completion of a B.S. in Health Sciences, and progression from positions in the Health Center and Student Affairs to University Advancement, as well as Combs's move from Southern California in 2003, degrees in Technical and Scientific Communication, and work in the private sector before returning to JMU. Discusses their institutional support and liaison roles with the Black Alumni Chapter, founded by Deborah Johnson in the 1980s, partnerships with the Office of Diversity, Access, and Inclusion and the Center for Multicultural Student Services, and gaps in institutional historical knowledge about Black alumni organizing.","Records an interview with Erica Cavanagh, James Madison University faculty member and alumna, who reflects on her undergraduate years from 1993 to 1996 and later academic and teaching career. The interview documents her B.A. in English and Art History, participation in Dr. Joanne Gabbin's African American Poetry course during the inaugural Furious Flower Poetry Conference in 1994, and the course's emphasis on the Black Aesthetic, including jazz, blues, spirituals, biblical allusions, and vernacular traditions. Discusses her graduate studies at the University of Chicago focusing on poet Rita Dove, her attendance at Gwendolyn Brooks's funeral in 2000, and her ongoing work teaching African American literature and food studies at JMU, highlighting continuity between her student experiences and later pedagogy.","Records an interview with Art Dean, Executive Director for Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on his 27-year career at the institution as both student and administrator. The interview documents his work in faculty and staff recruitment, development of diversity and inclusion initiatives, and efforts to create welcoming spaces for historically marginalized communities on campus. Discusses the evolution of campus diversity, the importance of mentorship, the formation of Black spaces at JMU, and his role on the President's Cabinet in advancing institutional commitments to access, inclusion, and intersectional understanding.","Records an interview with Alyssa Elliott, a member of Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc., who discusses her experiences with the African American Divine Nine organizations at James Madison University. The interview documents her perspectives on differences between Panhellenic and historically Black Greek letter organizations, the role of the Center for Multicultural Student Services as a safe and affirming space, and ongoing challenges related to Greek housing, visibility, and institutional support for Black Greek organizations. Discusses her sorority's commitment \"to bridge the gap\" by building connections across communities and addresses broader questions of representation, inclusion, and campus climate for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, founder of the Furious Flower Poetry Center and professor emerita of English at James Madison University, who recounts the origins and development of the center from the inaugural 1994 conference honoring Gwendolyn Brooks. The interview documents the planning and challenges involved in organizing the first academic conference dedicated to Black poetry, the transformation of Furious Flower from a single event into a permanent center, and the cultural significance of creating institutional space for Black literary voices at a predominantly white university. Discusses the importance of Black poetry in American literature and the resistance she encountered while establishing the center.","Records a follow-up interview with Dr. Joanne V. Gabbin, who expands on the broader impact and ongoing development of the Furious Flower Poetry Center at James Madison University. The interview documents the integration of Furious Flower materials into university curricula, changes in the center's physical location, and community outreach programs such as the Children's Creativity Camp and Slam Academy. Discusses international collaborations, the role of poetry in international studies, and her vision for the center's sustainability through endowment funding, advocating for continued recognition and support of Black literary arts.","Records an interview with Harrisonburg resident Robert Lee Harper Jr., who reflects on relationships between the local Black community and James Madison University. The interview documents his early connection to JMU through construction work on campus buildings as a high school student in the late 1960s and his observations of changing town–gown dynamics over several decades. Discusses the history and demographics of the Northeast neighborhood, the significance of institutions such as the Lucy Simms School and local churches, and ongoing community partnerships, including the effects of university growth on housing, employment, and student volunteer engagement in the Black community.","Records an interview with Karina Kline-Gabel, Assistant Dean for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in the College of Arts and Letters at James Madison University, who explores intersections between Latinx and Black spaces on campus. The interview documents her bilingual, bicultural background; advocacy for Latinx students and families in Harrisonburg; and leadership in founding the Madison Hispanic Caucus and advising the Latinx Student Alliance. Discusses collaborative efforts among cultural organizations, challenges of visibility and accessibility for multicultural spaces, the need for sustained institutional support, and opportunities for cross-cultural programming and shared understanding.","Records an interview with Thomas Lavenir, Assistant Director of International Student and Scholar Services at James Madison University's Center for Global Engagement, who discusses international student experiences and recruitment. The interview documents his perspective as a former international student from France, challenges in recruiting students from Black-majority regions, and barriers posed by financial constraints and immigration policies. Discusses programs such as the Link initiative and the International Student Leadership Conference, efforts to connect international and domestic students, and institutional obstacles to increasing representation of students from African and Caribbean countries.","Records an interview with Lawrence Marfo, who reflects on his academic journey, professional development, and experiences in Black spaces at James Madison University. The interview documents themes of identity, belonging, and institutional culture within the context of broader diversity and inclusion efforts at JMU. Discusses academic experiences, community engagement, and perspectives on creating inclusive environments and support systems for students of the global majority.","Records an interview with Jacob Mayiani, a data scientist with a master's degree in Integrated Science and Technology from James Madison University, who reflects on Black spaces and community on campus. The interview documents his personal background, educational trajectory, and involvement with campus organizations. Discusses questions of representation and cultural identity, the formation of supportive networks within a predominantly white institution, and the roles of student leadership and academic achievement in building community.","Records an interview with McKinley Melton, who discusses experiences related to Black spaces and cultural identity at James Madison University. The interview documents aspects of student life, academic pursuits, and participation in diversity initiatives, emphasizing the importance of mentorship and community building.","Records an interview with Tim Miller, who shares his perspectives on Black spaces and institutional dynamics at James Madison University. The interview documents his professional role within the university community, experiences with diversity and inclusion work, and observations on the development of supportive environments for Black students and staff. Discusses leadership and mentorship practices, institutional challenges, and strategies for promoting equitable policies and cultures on campus.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore, who reflects on Black spaces and community engagement at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in student organizations serving the Black community and examines the importance of historically Black Greek letter organizations for sisterhood, service, and leadership development. Discusses community outreach, student retention, and the role of culturally based organizations in supporting academic success.","Records an interview with Chervon Moore who recounts her experiences as a \"Double Duke\" and student affairs professional. The interview documents her undergraduate and graduate years, initial disappointment with limited visibility of the Black community, and subsequent engagement in organizations such as the Black Student Association, Contemporary Gospel Singers, and Sigma Gamma Rho Sorority, Inc. Discusses her transition from corporate consulting to student affairs work at JMU, shifts in leadership and diversity priorities over her five-year tenure, the location and visibility of the Center for Multicultural Student Services (CMSS) within campus infrastructure, advising the Women of Color organization, and strategies for retention and coalition-building among students of color.","Records an interview with Adebayo Ogundipe, who discusses his academic and personal experiences at James Madison University and the intersections between international student life and Black identity on campus. The interview documents his perspectives as a member of the campus community engaged with Black spaces and Africana studies, focusing on cultural identity, academic experiences, and community involvement. Discusses how international students from the African diaspora navigate predominantly white institutional settings, participate in academic programs and student organizations, and contribute to evolving conversations about Black identity and community at JMU.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, who discusses African and African American Studies at James Madison University from his perspective as a scholar and faculty leader. The interview documents the development of Africana Studies programs, interdisciplinary collaborations, and efforts to integrate African perspectives into higher education curricula. Discusses themes of cultural authenticity, academic rigor, and the challenges of establishing ethnic studies programs, including curriculum design, faculty recruitment, and strategies to engage students in Africana Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah that continues his reflections on African Studies and its place within the academic landscape at James Madison University. The interview documents theoretical foundations of Africana Studies, arguments for decolonizing education, and the contributions of African-centered scholarship to contemporary social issues. Discusses research methodologies, community partnerships, and the global dimensions of African Studies.","Records an interview with David Owusu-Ansah, which includes an analysis of the evolution of African Studies education at James Madison University. The interview documents intersections between academic scholarship and social justice, emphasizing culturally relevant pedagogy and strategies for engaging students with African and African American history and culture. Discusses pedagogical innovation, student mentorship, and the development of critical consciousness through education.","Records an interview with Darius Perkins, who reflects on his experiences within the James Madison University community with particular attention to Black spaces, student life, and campus culture. The interview documents his academic journey and involvement in programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies and related student organizations. Discusses community-building efforts, identity formation, and opportunities and challenges encountered by Black students at a predominantly white institution.","Records an interview with Karen Risch-Mott, who discusses her work in multicultural education and efforts to develop inclusive teaching practices at James Madison University. The interview documents her support for diverse student populations through culturally responsive programming and collaboration with student support services. Discusses themes of educational equity, cultural competency, and the practical challenges of creating inclusive learning environments, including policy development, cross-cultural engagement, and strategies for fostering a campus climate that affirms students from a wide range of backgrounds.","Records an interview with Olivia Stephens, who reflects on her academic journey and experiences as a Black student at James Madison University. The interview documents her involvement in campus organizations that support students of the global majority, her efforts to build community and find affirming spaces, and her engagement with diversity and inclusion initiatives. Discusses themes of identity, belonging, and leadership development at a predominantly white institution, including the importance of mentorship, peer networks, and culturally responsive programming.","Records an interview with Diane L. Strawbridge, Executive Director for Student Access and Inclusion at James Madison University, who reflects on her experiences as a JMU alumna, longtime Harrisonburg resident, and founder of the Centennial Scholars Program. The interview documents the development and evolution of Centennial Scholars from its first cohort in 2004, including early challenges in communicating the program's purpose, building structures for study hall and community service, and partnering with offices such as Community Service-Learning to support Pell-eligible students from across Virginia. Discusses themes of educational access, student development, and institutional responsibility for diversity and inclusion at a predominantly white institution, highlighting how Centennial Scholars provides a space for students to explore identity, build community, and \"take ownership\" of campus while also challenging assumptions about who the program serves. Additional topics include Strawbridge's own commuter student experience in the late 1970s and early 1980s, changing patterns of racial diversity at JMU over several decades, and the role of Black faculty and staff mentors in sustaining community for students of color.","Records an interview with Wayne Teel, professor in the School of Integrated Science and Technology at James Madison University, who recounts his path from agroforestry work in Sudan, Kenya, and Mozambique to teaching environmental and geography courses at JMU. The interview documents his long-term engagement with African agriculture and ecology, including fieldwork on smallholder farming and Indigenous tree species, his scholarship on Kenyan sand dams and water access, and his role in developing and teaching a Geography of Africa course that contributes to the African, African American, and Diaspora (AAAD) Studies minor. Discusses themes of environmental and racial justice, global inequities in land and resource use, and the challenges of building connections between AAAD and science and engineering disciplines on a physically divided campus, emphasizing the importance of giving students experiential and place-based knowledge of Africa. Additional topics include his participation in Kenya-based study abroad programs, collaboration with colleagues and African partners, and the use of physical objects and visual materials to interpret African landscapes and water systems for JMU students.","Records an interview with Linda Thomas, who reflects on her relationship to James Madison University and her perspectives on Black spaces and campus community. The interview documents her connection to the institution—as student, staff, faculty, and community member—and her reflections on the evolution of Black student life and institutional support for people of color. Discusses campus culture, student services, academic programs, and broader social conditions affecting students and community members of color, as well as ongoing efforts to more inclusive and supportive environments.","Records an interview with Jordan Todd, who discusses his experiences and perspectives on Black spaces and student life at James Madison University. The interview documents his involvement in campus organizations, academic journey, and observations of campus climate for Black students. Discusses student activism, community building, leadership development, and academic success strategies, as well as efforts to address institutional challenges affecting students of color.","Records the first session of an oral history interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who recounts her recruitment to Madison College in the mid-1970s and first impressions of Harrisonburg and the campus. The interview documents her first impressions of Harrisonburg, early meetings with colleagues in the History Department, and the mix of welcome and hostility she encountered. Discusses themes of racism, professional fit, campus climate, and intellectual community, emphasizing how supportive colleagues and a sense of intellectual community shaped her decision to build a career at JMU.","Records an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, who reflects on her family history in Burke County, Georgia, her parents' experiences during the Great Migration, and the central role of education for Black women in her family. The interview documents multigenerational strategies for securing schooling beyond the eighth grade, stories of landownership, racial violence, and economic displacement in the Jim Crow South, and the expectations that Walker and her siblings pursue professional careers in fields such as history, engineering, and computing. Discusses themes of race, gender, and education, linking southern Black rural life, migration to northern cities such as East Orange, New Jersey, and the shaping of her own academic trajectory, including her later work developing African American history courses and African, African American, and Diaspora Studies at James Madison University.","Records the third part of an interview with Dr. Jacqueline Walker, Professor Emerita of History at James Madison University, who reflects on her tenure in the History Department and the factors that influenced her decision to remain at JMU. The interview documents her reflections on whether JMU was the right place for her, contrasting modest library resources with a strong sense of collegiality in the History Department, and considering job offers elsewhere, including an opportunity to direct a Black Studies program at another university. Discusses themes of academic culture, departmental community, and Black faculty retention, highlighting the importance of mutual respect among colleagues, acceptance of individuality, and protection from toxic departmental politics in enabling her to build a career, mentor students, and contribute to African American and African diaspora studies at JMU.","Records an interview with Pernell Whitfield, who reflects on his academic and personal journey within the James Madison University community and his perspectives on Black spaces, student life, and institutional culture. The interview documents his involvement in campus life where questions of racial identity, community formation, and institutional support systems intersect, including participation in student organizations, engagement with academic programs such as African, African American, and Diaspora Studies, and use of campus services supporting students of the global majority. Discusses themes of belonging, leadership development, and mentorship, as well as strategies Black students employ to create and navigate supportive communities within a predominantly white institutional setting.","Records an interview with Amanda Yankey, who reflects on Black identity and community at James Madison University. The interview documents her personal journey and academic achievements, and involvement in organizations supporting students of color. Discusses experiences of navigating a predominantly white institution, the importance of mentorship and peer support networks, and efforts to build inclusive communities and affirming spaces on campus. Additional topics include student leadership, community service, and the importance of mentorship and peer support networks.","Records a follow-up interview with Amanda Yankey, who offers additional reflections on her experiences navigating higher education as a Black woman at James Madison University. The interview documents her ongoing academic and personal development, participation in diversity initiatives, and observations on campus culture and institutional climate. Discusses themes of resilience and empowerment, the role of education in fostering social change, and the importance of representation and visibility for Black students in higher education."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu) for more information."],"corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center"],"persname_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda"],"names_coll_ssim":["Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-"],"names_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Furious Flower Poetry Center","Godfrey, Mollie, 1979-","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Owusu-Ansah, David (19520801)","Reich, Steven A. (Steven Andrew), 1965-","Adams, Melinda, (Political science teacher)","Porter, Rob","Bishop, Kayleigh","Adkins, Ant","Moore, Chervon","Black, Iona","Bryson, B. J., Dr. (Brenda Jean)","Akinola, Ireti","Lee-Nelson, Zenobia","Medeiros, Megan","Alleyne, Lauren K.","Colbert, Qyaira","Chang, Angelina Ingrassia","Nemergut, Margaret","Baker, Mecca","Williams, Ashleigh","Snyder, Hannah","Barge, Rebeca","Pineda-Hernandez, Michelle","Crosby, Tessa","Beers, Daniel J.","Kifle , Mistire","Brutus, Tiffany","Jones, Norman","Haupt, Amy","Campbell, Cannie","Combs, Carrie","Cavanagh, Erica","Dean, Art","Parker, Mone'","Shafik, Marina","Elliott, Alyssa","Hairston, TaLisha","Conrades, Jenna","Gabbin, Joanne V. (Joanne Veal), 1946-","Harper, Robert Lee, Jr.","Law, Spencer","Kline-Gabel, Karina","Marsh, Madeline","Lavenir, Thomas","Marfo, Lawrence","Mayiani, Jacob","Melton, McKinley","Miller, Timothy","Ogundipe, Adebayo","Penaranda, Nico","Harris, Illiana","Perkins, Darius","Mott, Karen E. Risch","Stephens, Olivia","Strawbridge, Diane","Teel, Wayne","Thomas, Daphyne Saunders","Heyward, Zaria","Thomas, Linda","Todd, Jordan","Whitfield, Pernell","Yankey, Amanda"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":49,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:58:12.526Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_779_c02_c30_c03"}},{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c72","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese, 2007","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c72#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c72","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c72"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c72","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02","parent_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese","title_ssm":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese"],"title_tesim":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese, 2007"],"text":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Matthew Neese, 2007","Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Neese, Matthew","Open for research","Public Domain"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2007"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["March 27, 2007"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":199,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Neese, Matthew"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Public Domain"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Neese, Matthew"],"names_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Neese, Matthew"],"date_range_isim":[2007],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#71","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_528.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project"],"unitdate_ssm":["2005-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2005-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2005/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528","oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.","Open for research without restrictions.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Interview is restricted at the discretion of the repository.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research. The narrator was not named, at the request of the narrator.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Audio is restricted. Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","The collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.","Oral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\n      Oral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice.","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","At the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.","A second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.","Physical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection.","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","Each interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.","Interviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism.","Records Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.","Describes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).","Describes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.","Describes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.","Records Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.","Examines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.","Discusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.","Records an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.","Records an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.","Records an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.","Records an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.","Records the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.","Records the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.","Records the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.","This interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.","Records the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.","Records the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.","Records an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.","Records the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.","Records an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.","Robert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.","Juan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.","Records an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.","Barbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.","Kenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.","David William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).","Records an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.","John Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.","Records an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.","Records an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.","Records and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).","Records an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.","Records an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.","Records an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.","Records an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.","Records an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.","Records an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.","Records an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.","Records an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.","Records an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026 Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.","Records an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.","Records an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.","Records an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.","Records an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.","Records an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.","Records an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.","Records an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.","Records an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.","Records an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.","Records an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.","Records an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.","Records an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.","Records an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.","Records an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.","Records an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.","Records an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).","Records an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.","Records an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.","Records an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.","Records an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.","Records an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.","Rrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.","Records an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).","Records an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).","Records an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.","Records an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.","Records an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.","Records an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.","Records an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.","Records an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.","Records an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).","Records an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.","Records an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.","Records an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.","Records an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.","Records an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.","Records an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.","Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.","Records an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.","Records an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.","Records an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"","Records an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924.","Audio cds are housed in media cabinet.","Interview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interviews (audio files and transcripts) within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-"],"creator_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Interview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated in two installments. The first set of 20 interviews and background materials were donated by Dr. Daniel Kerr, History Professor at James Madison University, in June of 2006. The second set of 79 interviews and background materials were donated on June 1, 2010, by Professor Daniel Kerr."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes; 103 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes; 103 cds"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview is restricted at the discretion of the repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research. The narrator was not named, at the request of the narrator.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted due to lack of release form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAudio is restricted. Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted due to lack of release form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access to Audiovisual Material","Conditions Governing Access to Audiovisual Material","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.","Open for research without restrictions.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Interview is restricted at the discretion of the repository.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research. The narrator was not named, at the request of the narrator.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Audio is restricted. Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.","Oral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\n      Oral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access to Audiovisual Material","Physical Access to Audiovisual Material","Physical Access to Audiovisual Material"],"phystech_tesim":["Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #: folder #] or [container #], Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, SdArch 0029, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #: folder #] or [container #], Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, SdArch 0029, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhysical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["At the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.","A second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.","Physical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRecords Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExamines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026amp;S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026amp; Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","Each interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.","Interviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism.","Records Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.","Describes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).","Describes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.","Describes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.","Records Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.","Examines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.","Discusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.","Records an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.","Records an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.","Records an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.","Records an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.","Records the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.","Records the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.","Records the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.","This interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.","Records the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.","Records the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.","Records an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.","Records the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.","Records an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.","Robert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.","Juan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.","Records an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.","Barbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.","Kenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.","David William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).","Records an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.","John Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.","Records an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.","Records an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.","Records and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).","Records an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.","Records an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.","Records an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.","Records an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.","Records an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.","Records an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.","Records an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.","Records an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.","Records an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026 Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.","Records an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.","Records an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.","Records an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.","Records an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.","Records an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.","Records an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.","Records an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.","Records an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.","Records an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.","Records an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.","Records an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.","Records an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.","Records an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.","Records an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.","Records an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.","Records an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).","Records an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.","Records an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.","Records an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.","Records an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.","Records an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.","Rrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.","Records an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).","Records an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).","Records an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.","Records an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.","Records an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.","Records an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.","Records an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.","Records an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.","Records an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).","Records an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.","Records an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.","Records an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.","Records an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.","Records an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.","Records an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.","Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.","Records an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.","Records an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.","Records an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"","Records an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio cds are housed in media cabinet.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Audio cds are housed in media cabinet."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInterview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c71#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c71","ref_ssm":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c71"],"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02_c71","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02","parent_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02","parent_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","vihart_repositories_4_resources_528_c02"],"title_filing_ssi":"Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Sherri Lee Jones","title_ssm":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Sherri Lee Jones"],"title_tesim":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Sherri Lee Jones"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Sherri Lee Jones, 2006"],"text":["Walker, Jacqueline B., interviewed by Sherri Lee Jones, 2006","Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Open for research","Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production","Public Domain"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","Oral History Interviews, 2006/2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2006"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["November 27, 2006"],"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"component_level_isim":[2],"sort_isi":197,"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"creator_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Public Domain"],"persname_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee"],"names_ssim":["Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee"],"date_range_isim":[2006],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open for research"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public Domain"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#70","timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:57:53.919Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","ead_ssi":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_root_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","_nest_parent_":"vihart_repositories_4_resources_528","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/JMU/repositories_4_resources_528.xml","title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project"],"title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project"],"unitdate_ssm":["2005-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2005-2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2005/2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"text":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009","SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528","oral histories (literary works)","transcripts","Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.","Open for research without restrictions.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Interview is restricted at the discretion of the repository.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research. The narrator was not named, at the request of the narrator.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Audio is restricted. Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","The collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.","Oral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\n      Oral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice.","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","At the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.","A second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.","Physical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection.","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","Each interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.","Interviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism.","Records Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.","Describes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).","Describes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.","Describes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.","Records Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.","Examines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.","Discusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.","Records an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.","Records an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.","Records an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.","Records an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.","Records the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.","Records the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.","Records the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.","This interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.","Records the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.","Records the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.","Records an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.","Records the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.","Records an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.","Robert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.","Juan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.","Records an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.","Barbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.","Kenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.","David William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).","Records an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.","John Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.","Records an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.","Records an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.","Records and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).","Records an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.","Records an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.","Records an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.","Records an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.","Records an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.","Records an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.","Records an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.","Records an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.","Records an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026 Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.","Records an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.","Records an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.","Records an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.","Records an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.","Records an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.","Records an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.","Records an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.","Records an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.","Records an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.","Records an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.","Records an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.","Records an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.","Records an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.","Records an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.","Records an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.","Records an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).","Records an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.","Records an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.","Records an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.","Records an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.","Records an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.","Rrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.","Records an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).","Records an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).","Records an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.","Records an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.","Records an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.","Records an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.","Records an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.","Records an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.","Records an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).","Records an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.","Records an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.","Records an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.","Records an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.","Records an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.","Records an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.","Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.","Records an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.","Records an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.","Records an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"","Records an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924.","Audio cds are housed in media cabinet.","Interview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interviews (audio files and transcripts) within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Interview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","Public Domain","The copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).","Public Domain","The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections","Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"collection_ssim":["Shenandoah Valley oral history project, 2005/2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528"],"unitid_tesim":["SdArch 0029","/repositories/4/resources/528"],"repository_ssm":["James Madison University"],"repository_ssim":["James Madison University"],"creator_ssm":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-"],"creator_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"creators_ssim":["Kerr, Daniel R., 1970-","Blakey, Barbara Williams, 1934-2020","Custer, Elizabeth \"Libby\" Wampler, 1913-2019","Hawxhurst, Laura","Salatin, Joel","Silveri, Jessica","Strickler, Robert H. (Robert \"Twig\" Hopkins), 1928-2019","Woodward, Jessica","Walker, Jacqueline Baldwin, 1949-","Jones, Sherri Lee","Neese, Matthew","Wampler, Charles W., Jr., 1915-2017","James Madison University Libraries Special Collections"],"access_terms_ssm":["Interview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. Individual copyright status is recorded in a Conditions Governing Use note that corresponds to each interview. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated in two installments. The first set of 20 interviews and background materials were donated by Dr. Daniel Kerr, History Professor at James Madison University, in June of 2006. The second set of 79 interviews and background materials were donated on June 1, 2010, by Professor Daniel Kerr."],"access_subjects_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"access_subjects_ssm":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes; 103 cds"],"extent_tesim":["0.99 cubic feet 3 boxes; 103 cds"],"genreform_ssim":["oral histories (literary works)","transcripts"],"date_range_isim":[2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research without restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccess to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. 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Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor Special Collections Reading Room use only.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted due to lack of release form.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRestricted by donor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOpen for research\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access to Audiovisual Material","Conditions Governing Access to Audiovisual Material","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Physical Access","Physical Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access","Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to oral history interviews is governed by a deed of gift signed by the interviewer and narrator(s). Most interviews are open for research without restriction. In instances in which the narrator did not grant permission for full online access to recordings and transcripts, those restrictions are noted in a Conditions Governing Access note for each interview. In some instances, access to audio and transcripts is permissible only within the Special Collections reading room.","Pseudonyms are used when requested by the narrator.","Open for research without restrictions.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research without restrictions.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Interview is restricted at the discretion of the repository.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Access to original audiovisual material is restricted. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research. The narrator was not named, at the request of the narrator.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Audio is restricted. Full access to transcript with pseudonym, per repository.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","For Special Collections Reading Room use only.","Restricted due to lack of release form.","Open for research","Restricted by donor.","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research","Open for research"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist numeration=\"arabic\" type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eOral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice.\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into two series, based on the time of accession. Interviews are arranged alphabetically by the last name of the interviewee.","Oral History Interviews, 2005-2007, is comprised of interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's course: HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History.\n      Oral History Interviews, 2006-2009, is comprised of 20 interviews conducted by students in Dr. Kerr's courses, HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Bio/Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project was initiated by Professor Daniel Kerr at James Madison University in Fall 2005 as a component of the course, HIST 339: Selected Themes in U.S. History. Students conducted and transcribed interviews with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. From 2006-2009, students enrolled in courses taught by Professor Kerr, namely HIST 339: US Environmental History and HIST 441/641: Oral History and Social Justice, conducted additional oral history interviews as part of their coursework that became part of the Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact \u003cref href=\"mailto:library-special@jmu.edu\"\u003elibrary-special@jmu.edu\u003c/ref\u003e for additional information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Access to Audiovisual Material","Physical Access to Audiovisual Material","Physical Access to Audiovisual Material"],"phystech_tesim":["Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information.","Original audiovisual materials, as well as preservation and duplicating copies of physical media within this collection may not be played. Researchers must consult reformatted digital access copies. If access copies do not exist, researchers may request reformatting services for audiovisual materials within the collection. Contact library-special@jmu.edu for additional information."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], [box #: folder #] or [container #], Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, SdArch 0029, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], [box #: folder #] or [container #], Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, SdArch 0029, Special Collections, Carrier Library, James Madison University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAt the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePhysical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["At the point that the first oral histories were accessioned, audio files on cds were converted from .wav files to .mp3 files to create an access copy. Transcripts and background documents were made available in digital form in html and/or pdf format on the JMU Libraries website. Restricted interviews and material are noted in this finding aid.","A second accession comprised of 82 cds, included the original recordings submitted by students, as well as preservation copies of the interview material, prepared by Dr. Kerr. Most of the cds included the audio recording (.mp3 and WAVE file), and a transcript, background journal, and an interview guide (.pdf and .doc). All media is labelled with the collection number, interview number, and a unique id, and is housed in the Special Collections media cabinet.","Physical printed copies of all interview transcripts and other supporting documents were also included with each accession, and form part of the collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEach interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism. \u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003eRecords Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDescribes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eExamines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRobert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJuan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eKenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDavid William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJohn Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026amp;S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026amp; Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Shenandoah Valley Oral History Project, 2005-2009, is comprised of audio recordings, transcripts, background papers, digital photographs and supplementary digital material related to interviews conducted by undergraduate students with Shenandoah Valley residents, primarily in Rockingham and Augusta Counties.","Each interview typically consists of an interview guide, an interview journal/log, the transcript of the interview, the recorded interview, and, when present, images and other supplementary material. The interview guide contains questions that the interviewer would have used during the interview. The interview journal offers the interviewer's insights and experiences before, during and after the interview. The transcripts for each interview provide biographical details of the interviewee, as well as the transcription of the recorded interview.","Interviewers questioned individuals on their life history, employment, and areas of expertise. The topics covered in the interviews range widely. Topics include various businesses and institutions including Wampler Foods, Pilgrim's Pride, Western State Hospital, the Virginia State Hospital, Shenandoah National Park. Several interviews cover the poultry industry, including interviews with poultry growers, processing workers, processing managers, and people who manage by-products. Other interviews address topics such as homelessness, the prison system, veterans issues, LGBTQ issues, immigrant experiences, agriculture, and labor and civil rights activism.","Records Daniels's experiences serving four years in Virginia's correctional system before being transferred to the Gemeinschaft Home, a non-profit organization serving formerly incarcerated persons in Harrisonburg. Describes the events that led to Daniels's sentencing, his incarceration and his experiences in the Gemeinschaft Home program. Discusses Daniels's impressions of the strengths and weaknesses of the program and his decision to be a counselor.","Describes the history of the Teamsters Union in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically Teamsters Local 29, which was formed in 1963. Farrish joined the union as a driver in 1975, eventually rising to the post of president of the union in 1997. Discusses general working conditions in the Shenandoah Valley and issues of race and migration. Also mentioned are union member benefits, the matter of 'right to work' and 'closed shop' states, and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA).","Describes Fisher's experiences as an African American student in Virginia during the early years of school desegregation in the 1950s and 1960s. Describes the policy of \"massive resistance\" whereby the governor of Virginia closed the public schools in an effort to avoid integration. Recalls the efforts of her father, James W. Kilby, who named Fisher as a plaintiff in the Virginia court case Betty Ann Kilby v. Warren County Board of Education, which led to the integration of Warren County High School in 1958. Concludes with a discussion of her life after graduation and her reflections on school desegregation.","Describes her experience working in several poultry processing plants in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia for more than twenty years, primarily as a union steward for the United Food and Commercial Workers union (UFCW) from 1977 until her retirement in 1986. Discusses her early childhood and family life and her election to shop steward, succeeding her husband, who held the post at the time of his death in 1977. Discusses the working conditions, wages and occupational hazards in the industry during those years and her commitment to ensuring worker's rights through organized labor unions. Recalls walk out strikes at several poultry plants in the Valley during the 1970s.","Records Layman's experiences as a thirty-year employee of the Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. Layman was the president of the local chapter of the United Radio, Electrical and Machine Workers of America (UE), the labor union representing para-professional and housekeeping staff at the psychiatric facility. Recalls various occasions when the UE was asked to arbitrate on behalf of hospital staff members. Discusses the perceived attitudes of some hospital managers toward the classified staff, cases of alleged malfeasance by hospital management, and the overall effects on employee retention.","Examines the impact of incarceration on a prisoner's family members. This interview records the thoughts and feelings of the eight year old son of an incarcerated person serving a sentence in the Virginia correctional system.","Discusses the experiences of a West Virginia farmer who served fourteen years in prison for selling marijuana in the 1990s. Topics include his early family life, his arrest and the events surrounding his trial and sentencing. He discusses the conditions in the federal prisons in West Virginia and Maryland in which he served his time. Relates the coping strategies he employed while incarcerated, such as teaching yoga to fellow inmates, working in the prison kitchens and writing poetry, some of which was published.","Records an interview with Morrison, who moved to the Harrisonburg area as a child in the 1950s. Describes her early family life, school days, and other experiences growing up in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses school integration during the 1960s, her marriage after graduation from high school, and life on a military base in Germany. Describes her work as a food service technician at Harrisonburg High School and Waterman Elementary School, and changes to the school lunch program over the years.","Records an interview with Julia Patterson, who worked as a domestic worker in Virginia for more than sixty years. Discusses her early family life as one of seventeen siblings growing up in rural Virginia in the early decades of the 20th century. Patterson is joined by her half-sister Mercedes \"Sadie\" Williams at various points throughout the interview. Recalls her work picking apples in Staunton, daily life under segregation, as well as wartime rationing in the 1940s. Describes her experiences working with several families in New York, New Jersey and primarily in Virginia. Closes with a discussion of her life since her retirement at the age of 86.","Records an interview with Tom Peachey, a resident of Warren County, Virginia. Describes his early family life and education. Recalls the decision by Warren County to close the public schools in an effort to avoid school desegregation in 1958. Discusses his views on integration and equal rights, as well as his secondary education and work history. Peachy worked as a missionary, a teacher and a psychologist over the course of his professional life. Closes with Peachy's reflections on how his training as a psychologist has shaped his religious beliefs and world view.","Records an interview with Monica Robinson, a Special Education teacher and community activist who has lived in Harrisonburg, Virginia, since the mid-1970s. Describes her family life and early education, and her decision to live in the Northeast neighborhood in Harrisonburg. Discusses the impact of the R-4 project on Harrisonburg neighborhoods in the 1950s and 1960s, as described by Robinson's mother. Discusses Robinson's involvement with the local chapter of Copwatch, an all-volunteer citizen group that observes and records interactions between police officers and Harrisonburg citizens. Other topics include the federal government's \"Weed and Seed\" program, Harrisonburg public schools, and the Lucy Simms School.","Records the experiences of Garfield Shelton, who provides a general life history from the perspective of a person living with schizophrenia in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Crysta Swarts, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life, dating experiences over the previous five years, and the discrimination she sometimes experiences because of her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs and plans for the future.","Records the life experiences of Alice Velazquez from her childhood to her current endeavors in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her childhood, jobs she has had throughout her life, her marriage, her children, and her housing opportunities in Harrisonburg after moving from New York state.","Records the life experiences of Travis Wills, a 21-year old Virginian residing in Harrisonburg. Describes his experience as the only openly gay student in a rural Virginia high school and of the difficulties faced by LGBTQ individuals in the Shenandoah Valley. Discusses his religious convictions and his thoughts on the roots of homophobia in society. Reflects on the changes that have been slowly occurring in the schools since his graduation and on Harrisonburg's LGBTQ community.","This interview with a long-time faculty member at James Madison University recounts his experiences as a gay man living and working in Harrisonburg for more than 25 years. Discusses his own college years and describes the social conditions at the time for LGBTQ individuals. Reflects on his teaching experiences at JMU, his religious views, and Harrisonburg's growing LGBTQ community.","Records the life experiences of \"Joe,\" a graduate student at James Madison University, who discusses growing up and coming out in Lynchburg, Va, his family, dating, politics, equal rights, stereotypes, gay characters in media, and the issues facing the LGBTQ community. Names are kept anonymous at the request of the interviewee.","Records the experiences of Mr. Armstrong, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and convictions as a young man and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships, interaction with law enforcement, and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release. Includes comments by one of Armstrong's siblings regarding the effects of being related to an incarcerated person, especially in a small, rural community.","Records an interview with Hughes, a student at James Madison University, who describes her family and social life and the impact of her sexual identity on those relationships. Discusses her dating experiences with men and women over the previous six years and the discrimination she sometimes experiences regarding her bisexuality. Reflects on her religious beliefs, the positive aspects of her life and her plans for the future.","Records the experiences of Mr. Scott, an ex-convict residing in Virginia. Describes the events leading to his arrests and trial and his experiences while serving his sentences in various jails and penitentiaries in Virginia. Discusses the conditions he encountered while incarcerated, his family relationships and his efforts to start a new life in the years since his release.","Records an interview with Nasser Abdulsalam Al Saadun of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who speaks about his experience coming to the Shenandoah Valley as a refugee from Iraq. Al Saadun discusses his work as an interpreter for the British and US armies and the events causing him to seek refugee status in the United States. He talks about growing up in Basra, the challenges he and his family experience as refugees in Harrisonburg, the experiences of refugees more generally, and his work with the Islamic Center of Shenandoah.","Robert Allen, a civil engineer with over 25 years of experience, discusses the environmental reclamation aspect of coal mining in Southwest Virginia, including Lee County, Dickenson, Wise and Buchanan Counties. He describes the coal industry with emphasis on union activities, environmental regulations, labor mechanization, community responses to coal mining, and the future of fossil fuels.","Juan Alvarado discusses his work as a forklift driver at a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He describes his early life, growing up on a farm Queretaro, Mexico, his day-to-day work at the poultry plant, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Daniel Anderson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life experiences. Topics include Child Protective Services (CPS) and foster care; mental health services, including The Barry Robinson Center, in Norfolk, Virginia; epilepsy, health care and Medicaid; the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Community Service Board (CSB) and Summit House; Our Community Place (OCP), an organization in Harrisonburg; and relationships with members of his family.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator who resides in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She discusses her life, including her experiences with homelessness. She describes her childhood, social services in Harrisonburg, Virginia, stereotypes and misconsceptions of people who are experiencing homelessness, and time she spent in the Mercy House, a family-focused homeless shelter in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She also discusses her current work, and her hopes for her children and step-children.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator, who owns and operates a multi-generational turkey farm in Rockingham County. He discusses various poultry breeds, including Nicholas and British turkeys; poultry feed and nutrition; changes in tactics of raising turkeys over time; predators; tunnel and static ventilation systems; the impact of automation on turkey growing; poultry diseases and disease prevention; various types of structures for confining turkeys; the FDA; the impact of noise on turkey health; the impact of heat and cold on turkeys; dealing with dead an decomposing birds; fuel and grain costs; the ethanol movement; and fertilizers. He describes his work for Wampler in the 1950s, as well as work with as a contract grower for other integrated poultry companies, including Pilgrims Pride, and the Coop (VPGC). He also mentions Cargill and Tyson.","Records an interview with an unnamed narrator in the Shenandoah Valley, who discusses his work as a poultry processing employee with over thirteen years of experience in the poultry business. The narrator immigrated to the United States from Mexico when he was seventeen years old, and eventually settled in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses his work experience at Cargill poultry plant in Dayton, Virginia, and discusses topics such as machine safety, benefits and insurance, and work on the assembly line.","Records an interview with McKnai Arefaine, of Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics discussed include Arefaine's parents' experiences as refugees, growing up in Harrisonburg, racism, the Tigray language, Ethiopian food, the Ethiopian Orthodox Church, the Ethiopian American community in Washington DC, experiences serving as a translater, and her family and friendships.","Barbara Blakey discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Blakey recalls teaching high school business and English classes at the Lucy Simms School, in Harrisonburg; her work in the NAACP; the advent of public housing in the Shenandoah Valley; and the impact of integration on education in this area.","Kenneth Branham, Chief of the Monacan Indian Nation in Amherst County, Virginia discusses growing up in Amherst, Virginia. Topics include his personal history and education; the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; Walter Plecker and the eugenics movement in Virginia; his family's work in the apple orchards in Amherst County; sweat lodges and his involvement at church; and his efforts to gain federal recognition of the Monacan Indian Nation.","David William Bruce and Teresa Anne Bruce, poultry farmers in Harrisonburg, Virginia, discuss topics such as changes in turkey growing from the 1970s; working for public vs. privately owned companies and day-to-day tasks of turkey farming; technological changes in farming; methods of turkey growing; costs of growing; the feed industry; and poultry diseases. They discuss their work with Wampler Foods (WLR) and Pilgrims Pride, and their decision to grow toms (male turkeys) for meat consumpution for Virginia Poultry Grower's Cooperative (VPGC).","Records an interview with Edwin C. Bumbaugh, Executive Director of the Harrisonburg Downtown Renaissance, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Bumbaugh discusses various topics including the history of downtown Harrisonburg; the designation of Harrisonburg as a \"regional shopping center\"; specific businesses and department stores in Harrisonburg, including the Strand Theater and the Virginia Theater, Ney department store, and others; the history of parades and events hosted in downtown Harrisonburg; the impact of the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg; the influence of Cloverleaf Shopping Center and Valley Mall on downtown commerce; annexations of county land; urbanization; affordable housing; and the impact of James Madison University on downtown Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with William T. Burruss, who worked as a turkey farmer in the 1980s and 1990s for Rocco and Cargill. Burruss discusses relationships with supervising companies; the financial side of the poultry farming, including getting loans for improvements; Avian flu and poultry diseases; the challenges of waste disposal; and complying with environmental regulations.","John Capps of Harrisonburg Virginia, discusses his experience serving in the first Persian Gulf War, his involvement with the VFW post in Harrisonburg, taking classes and vocational training, his work as a correctional officer, his experiences raising two children, and goals for his family. Capps also discusses the time he lived at the Valley Mission, a transitional homeless shelter, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses the rules and social environment at the Valley Mission, and homelessness in Harrisonburg.","Records an interview with Norman Carr of Rockingham County, an automechanic who opened the auto repair shop, Strictly Volvos, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Carr discusses various topics including his personal history and education, personal physical injuries, changes in the car repair industry, certification and testing requirements for mechanics, his own political views about immigration and taxes, his daughter's career in business. Carr discusses crime in Harrisonburg, including an unsolved murder that took place at the L\u0026S Diner in Harrisonburg, and the murder of Ernie James in 1997.","Records an interview with David Coffman of Coffman Breeder Farm, who discusses his work as a poultry farmer and chicken grower for Perdue in Rockingham County, Virginia. Coffman discusses the history of poultry breeding in Rockingham County; the economic impact, costs, equipment of being a contract grower vs. an independent grower; breeding and the various breeds grown by different companies; light, heat, fuel and energy systems; coops and confinement houses; automation and the impact of automation on labor; the Chesapeake Bay and runoff concerns; poultry litter disposal and waste management; mice and rodent prevention; poultry nutrition; egg care, including vaccinating eggs and the differences between eggs for breeding and consumption; various poultry companies, including Rocco, Cargill, Tyson, Georgia, and others; PETA and regulations.","Records an interview with Elizabeth (Libby) Custer, who worked for the Wampler Foods, later Wampler-Longacre-Rockingham (WLR), until her retirement in the 1990s. Custer discusses growing up on the family farm, the company's beginnings in 1947, her various jobs at Wampler, taking the company public, a takeover attempt by Tyson, and the eventual sale to Pilgrim's Pride. She also discusses the poultry business generally, including changes in dressing and processing turkeys, government regulations, labor and unions, turkey breeding, and relationships with other companies such as Borden and Rocco.","Records and interview with Mark Deavers of Rockingham County, who works as a poultry litter distributor and soybean farmer. Deavers discusses various aspects of the poultry litter business, including the differences between commercial and organic frertilizers, fertilizer storage buildings, fire risk, the impact of fuel prices and commercial nitrogen on his business, various techniques for spreading litter, and his relationships with farmers from Timberville, Harrisonburg and Broadway area. Deavers discusses the Chesapeake Bay Foundation regulations, fertilizer run-off and leaching, complying with state regulations and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ).","Records an interview with Carolyn Sue Elliot, member of the Monacan Indian Nation of Amherst County, Virginia. Elliot discusses her family working in the apple orchards, experiences discrimination within the public school and at Sweet Briar College, the news coverage when members of the Monacan Indian Nation started to attend public schools, and the stigma associated with Monacan last names. Elliot discusses Walter Plecker and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924, Monacan relations with the Catawba, Iroquis Nation and Sioux, research being done on Monacan culture, sweat lodges, and efforts to recieve federal recognition.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses issuing permits, and inspection of agricultural operations, including poultry operations. He discusses nutrient management plans, nutrient analysis of poultry waste, record keeping on litter transfer, water quality assessment, changes in waste management regulations during his tenure, eutrophication, phytase in poultry feed, the impact of various poultry management practices on phosphorous levels in the litter, hormone use in poultry, and other environmental concerns related to pollutants and waste management.","Records an interview with Gary Flory, who works for the Valley Regional Office of the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ). Flory discusses his childhood in Ohio, his education, and previous employment as an environmental consultant. Flory discusses his work as a water compliance manager overseeing waste water treatment plants and inspecting farms and poultry operations. Flory discusses the use of poultry litter as a slow-release fertilizer in the Shenandoah Valley, specifically the issue of excess nutrients in ground water and waterways. He also discusses disposal methods of dead birds, the use of phytase in feed, fish kills in the Shenandoah Valley, the inspection process, bacteria in poultry litter. Flory discusses the work of the Department of Conservation Recreation, and the other groups involved in environmental issues related to the poulty industry.","Records an interview with Brian Good of Broadway, Virginia, who works as a poultry litter distributor in the Shenandoah Valley. Good discusses his business operation, fuel prices and litter demand, the use of bedding on litter, storage facilities, and other aspects of the business.","Records an interview with an anonymous poultry farmer in the Harrisonburg area. The turkey grower discusses best practice and guidelines for poultry management, zoning laws, daily tasks on the farm, working with buyers, poultry diseases and prevention, nutri-management control plans, waste management, and his relationship with area poultry processing companies such as Rocco and George's.","Records an interview with an anonymous turkey farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. The grower discusses his childhood involvement with 4H and FFA, debt load and other challenges related to the business of farming, and contracts with poultry suppliers. He discusses workplace injuries, poultry feed, poultry breeding and farm mechinization. The grower discusses his involvement with the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC) and his work with various agriculture-promoting organizations like the Young Farmers Organization.","Records an interview with George Haldey, poultry grower in Rockingham County. Haldey discusses how he got into the poultry business after working as a merchant seaman, a history teacher and a duck farmer. He discusses poultry diseases such as avian flu, his thoughts on diversified farming, his contracts with Rocco and George's, and vertically integrated food production.","Records an interview with John Hall, feed mill operator at Southern States Feed Mill, a farmer-owned operation with a store in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses topics such as feed suppliers, genetic engineering, nutrient blends and formulas, poultry feed, the use of additives and medications, government regulations and compliance, logistics, safety hazards and precautions, machine maintenance, and his ideas about the future of the feed industry.","Records an interview with John Hall and Charlie Smith, employees at Southern States Feed Mill, who discuss their business in relation to the poultry industry in Rockingham County. Topics include automation, medicines and ingredients within the feed mixes, various competitors, and feed and nutrient research.","Records an interview with Virginia Hamilton Duff, who discusses her life experiences in the Amherst, Virginia area. Topics include Duff's childhood, washing and cooking for her family and her work in the orchards at a young age. She discusses her experiences raising children, milking cows, working as a caregiver and cleaner, racial discrimination, attending powwows, her family and grandchildren, and her identity as a member of the Monacan Indian Nation. Duff is noted elsewhere as Virginia Duff Hamilton.","Records an interview with Marshall Hammond, member of the Shenandoah Valley Bike Coalition, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Hammond discusses his work as an industrial trainer for Merck \u0026 Co. in Elkton, Virginia. Hammond recalls his childhood experiences biking in Martinsburg, West Virginia and ways he incorporates cycling into his daily life. He discusses the increase of bicycle clubs, bike paths and bicycle shops in this area; the role that the Harrisonburg and Rockingham Regional Pedestrian and Bike Committee has played in increasing the number of bike lanes; and the creation of the Rocktown Trails, in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Kendall Harris, a farmer in Christiansburg, Virginia, who sells pasture-raised chickens and grassfed beef. He discusses his daily work, including maintenance, fencing, butchering by hand, dealing with predators, and organic certification. He notes in the influence of farmer and author, Joel Salatin, on his business model.","Records an interview with Lacy Branham Hearl, a member of the Monacan Indian Nation, living in Amherst County, Virginia. Topics include the Amherst Mission school; work in the apple orchards at age eleven; discrimination she experienced as a teenager; social stigma related to last names; \"Plecker's Rule,\" referring to Walter Plecker, who drafted the Racial Integrity Act of 1924 and work with lawyers to correct the racial classification on their birth certificates; family history and childhood memories; attending a public school; and efforts to learn more about her history.","Records an interview with Sandy and Jacinto Hernandez, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discuss immigration in Harrisonburg and their work with Alianza, associated with Covenant Presbyterian Church in Harrisonburg. They discuss their personal histories; various immigrant groups in Harrisonburg; Skyline Literacy and Dayton Learning Center; access to health insurance and health care; the Hispanic Chamber of Commerce; and ideas about integration.","Records an interview with Wilhemena Johnson, who discusses her life in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Johnson, who graduated from the Lucy Simms School in Harrisonburg, Virginia in 1947, discusses her subsequent work at the Harrisonburg/Rockingham Department of Social Services, and involvement with various social services organizations in Harrisonburg. Johnson recalls public school integration in Harrisonburg; the \"urban renewal\" movement in the 1950s-1960s and its the impact on the black community in Harrisonburg; public housing; the construction of the John Wesley Methodist Church on Sterling Street, in Harrisonburg; segregation in Harrisonburg area businesses in the 1930s and 1940s; the role the Lucy Simms school played in organizations in the community; black-owned businesses in Harrisonburg; and various places of business in Harrisonburg that are no longer in operation. She discusses various families in Harrisonburg, including the Bundy, Newman, Tolliver, Wilson, Harper, Curry, Webb, and Ney families.","Records an interview with Darrel Keck, Executive Director of Sales and Marketing for the Virginia operation of George's, Inc., and an anonymous Supervisor of the Inside Sales Group for Cargill, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. They discuss various aspects of the poultry processing industry, including their suppliers, the relationship to the pet food industry and work with rendering operations, marketing, transportation and distribution costs, international shipping, contracts with poultry growers, avian flu and poultry disease, PETA, product brands including Shady Brook Farms, future products, and their views of future of the poultry industry in Rockingham County. They discuss the acquisition of Rocco, Inc. by Cargill in 2001.","Records an interview with Jeffrey Kiracofe, a turkey grower and farmer in Bridgewater, Virginia. Topics include poultry diseases like avian flu and cholera, labor issues, farm tools, poultry feed and nutrition, commodities pricing, the impact of fuel prices on his business, litter disposal and poultry waste, competition with other poultry farmers, egg gathering, artificial insemination, sanitation, bio-security, the impact of poultry dust on human health, and contract farming. Kiracofe discusses various breeds, including Nicholas, Hybrid and British United Turkey. He also discusses working with Wampler Longacre (WLR), Pilgrim's Pride, the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), and Ag Forte.","Records an interview with Vallie Kiracofe who discusses her personal history working on a farm in Bridgewater, Virginia. Kiracoffe recalls her childhood on a farm in the 1920s and 1930s, when her father worked at the lumber mill, raised chickens and sold eggs for a living. She recalls raising four children on a small farm; gardening, cooking, canning and preserving food; cutting firewood for fuel; washing clothes by hand; attending church; selling animals at a stock sale in Harrisonburg; relationships with neighboring farmers; her three sons who live nearby, and their work in the cattle business and poultry business. Kiracofe's grandson Jeffrey Kiracofe and his spouse, Christine were also present during the interview.","Records an interview with Allen Layman, an employee of Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia, for over 30 years. Layman discusses various positions he has held at Western State Hospital, and his personal views on mental health care and mental health services in this area. Layman discusses his work as president of the local union, his involvement with the Staunton NAACP, and activism related to LGBTQ rights, immigration and healthcare.","Records an interview with Matthew Lohr, part-owner of Valley Pike Farm, a multi-generational family farm in Broadway, Virginia. Lohr discusses poultry farming, changing relationships with the major poultry companies, farm safety, dealing with avian flu and poultry diseases, farm credits, their beef and pumpkin-patch businesses, and his work as a representative of the 26th district on the Virginia House of Delegates.","Records an interview with Carl Luebben, an inspector working for the USDA Service Center and District Office in Harrionburg Virginia. Luebben discusses changes in agriculture in the region, and problems associated with increasing concentrations of poultry and livestock in Rockinham County. He discusses the history of fertilizer composition and fertilizer-use in the Shenandoah Valley, the relationship between fertilizer use and soil quality; no-till agriculture; the mergers of various fertilizer companies; hardpan and soil compaction; and the Farm Bureau Federation. Luebben dicusses the discovery of high levels of coliform and other pollutants in the Muddy Creek Watershed during the mid-1990s, and efforts to address those concerns with area farmers. Luebben discusses his experiences working with Mennonite and Old Order Mennonite farmers.","Records an interview with John Manka, a park ranger at the Shenandoah National Park. Manka discusses the history and creation of the park. He discusses the diaplacement of and relocation of park residents, various populated areas in the park, such as Nickelson Hollow area and Big Meadows, the establishment of relocation centers for displaced people, and various livelihoods including tanbarking, orchards and fruit-trees, raising livestock, and moonshining. Other topics include his efforts to learn more about the history of the Monacan Nation;the history of Skyline Drive and the work of the Civilian Conservation Corp (CCC); the mission schools built by the Episcopal church in the Blue Ridge Mountains; various ecological topics, including native plants, efforts to establish the chestnut, the threat of fires and blights, invasive species, and efforts to re-introduce certain wildlife. He discuses the impact of tourism on the park, funding, and personal reflections about the work of being a park ranger.","Records an interview with James L. Mason, President of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative, and an unidentified VPGC employee, conducted by Daniel Kerr and students in the HIST 337 class. Mason gives an overview of the turkey industry in the Shenandoah Valley, starting in the 1950s, and discusses various name changes, acquisitions and significant events in the history of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC). Mason addresses topics such as securing financing; various turkey breeds; plant fires at VPGC; product decisions; USDA audits and product recalls; VPGC employee and labor issues, such as demographic changes over time, retention rates and unionization; relationships with growers, competitors; the impact of feed and energy prices on their business.","Records an interview with Betty May, a Harrisonburg resident who discusses her twenty-three year career in the poultry industry. May discusses various topics including employment at the Cargill plant, changing demographics of her co-workers, mechinization, breaks, pay, physical pain from the work, uniform and dress code, and communicating with others. Betty May is deaf and the interview occurred with interpreter, Martha Ringwald.","Records an interview with James O. Mehegen, poultry grower and breeder in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Mehegen owns a breeder facility, and contracts with George's (formerly Rocco) to raise chickens; working as a child on his dad's poultry farm; the labor demands of raising breeders vs. broilers; record-keeping responsibilities; composting dead birds; collecting eggs; poultry feed and fuel demands; farm safety; changes in technology; difficulties working with integrated poultry companies; and his Christian faith.","Records an interview with Martha Garibay Metzler, who lives in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include her childhood and education in Mexico City; her work at the hospital at Emory University; her wedding and marriage; connections to Our Community Place, in Harrisonburg (OCP); experiences making friends within the Harrisonburg community; training to be a CNA, work as an interpreter, and volunteer positions; stresses she faces; her experiences with mental illness; and relationships with her children.","Records an interview with Donald Michael, who discusses his cattle and poultry business in the Shenandoah Valley. Michael discusses various topics, including poultry litter fertilizer and nutrient management plans; nutritional content of the various grasses and mineral supplements; rotational grazing and erosion; the use of guard animals; contract poultry growing for Georges; embryo transfers and artificial insemination; stockyards and buying and selling cattle; and farm subsidies.","Records an interview with Charles W. Miller of Bridgewater, Virginia. Miller discusses various topics related to his work in the poultry industry including how poultry growing has changed over time; the transition from free range to confinement houses; the impact of automated waterers and feeders; poultry diseases, including cholera; poultry litter and waste management; composting dead turkeys; hatcheries; turkey breeds, including bronze and white turkeys; involvement with the Shenandoah Valley Gem and Mineral Society in Dayton; decision to grow for the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC), as opposed to Pilgrim's Pride or Cargill; decision to grow for for various companies, including Wampler and Rocco; growout houses; feed; ventilation and the use of fans; complying with regulations; turkey odor and the impact on neighbors; free trade and farm subsidies; his views on imported goods and welfare (SdArch-29-67).","Records an interview with William Forrest Miller, of Bridgewater Virginia, and his work as a trucker and farmer on a multi-generational family farm. Discusses his grandfather's orchard and fruit trees, and his father's poultry business; the transition from raising turkeys on free range to confinement houses; his role on the Board of Directors of the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); turkey genetics and breeding; poultry diseases, respiratory problems and the avian flu outbreak in 2002; the beginnings of the VPCG; his cattle business, trucking company, and poultry litter business; environmental regulations and water quality; the Chesapeake Bay Foundation; nutri-managment plans; various approaches to fertilizers and fertilizing; and Mennonites who raise poultry on a small-scale.","Records an interview with Jose Osorio, who discusses his life history and work at the Cargill processing plant in Harrionsburg, Virginia. Topics include the work uniform, sanitation, USDA inspections, benefits, health insurance and job security, workplace safety measures, and accidents he has witnessed at the plant. Other topics include the dynamics between line leaders and the line workers, the experience of using an interpreter at work, training programs offered by Cargill, and his decision to move to Harrisonburg. Osorio speaks Spanish, and the interview occurred with an interpreter -- his daughter, Janet Osorio.","Records an interview with Richard Patton, Forest Hydrologist at the George Washington and Jefferson National Forests. Patton describes his work doing environmental analysis, water quality monitoring and stream restoration. Patton discusses the history of the North River District geology; acidification from acid rain; filtration capacity of the soil; Switzer Dam as a flood control dam; drinking water reservoirs including Staunton Dam and Elkhorn Dam; Harrisonburg drinking water supply; various flooding events; dam construction; the relationship between the Forest Service and the city of Harriosnburg; reservoir use; George Washington Protection Plan; the impact of tha dam on fisheries and adaquatic life; sedimentation and the impact of sediment size on aquatic life; various waterways in the North River District and their uses; and the impact of timber harvesting on streams.","Records an interview with Rob Preston, a poultry farmer in Harrisonburg, Virginia. He discusses various aspects of turkey farming, including what it's like to be a first-generation farmer; adjusting to environmental changes; litter storage and disposal; transportation provided by the co-op and integrators; automation of fans and ventilation in the turkey houses; biosecurity, poultry diseases, and precautions to prevent cholera outbreaks; changes in turkey growing time; and the shift from raising bronze turkeys to white turkeys.","Records an interview with an unnamed employee of the Rocco poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. She describes growing up in Mexico; moving to the United States when she was a teenager; her work in the evisceration department; attending safety meetings; attempts to unionize; challenges related to training; inspections; supervisors; her involvement with the Covenant Prebyterian Church.","Rrecords an interview with Sue Randall, who farms Elk Run Farm, in Fort Defiance, Virginia. Randall has a 30 acre farm where she raises free-range chickens and Boer goats, and grows vegetables and herbs. Randall describes various farm tasks, including fencing and netting the chickens, cleaning the chicken house, composting, and collecting and cleaning the eggs. She discusses how goats and chickens are good partners, hand-raising her goat, Marlin, and working with her Great Pyranese guard dog.","Records an interview with Osman Rezain who operates a clothing shop in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Rezain describes his life experiences, including growing up in the Iran and his work for the Kurdish military and humanitarian work; the events that lead to him and his family immigrating to Iraq, Turkey, and finally seeking refugee status in the United States; and the Kurdish community in Harrisonburg, Virginia.","Records an interview with Adam Royer, who worked for the Wampler poultry plant from 1996 until 2001. Royer describes various topics including INS raids and his views about immigrantion; unionization; employee training procedures; OSHA and USDA visits and inspections; lunch breaks and phone use; and descriptions of various jobs on the processing lines. Royer describes being transferred to the Broadway plant, the work culture, the impact of epilepsy on his work and experiences of living on Social Security Disability Insurance. Royer is married to Samantha Royer (SdArch 29-75).","Records an interview with Samantha Royer, who worked for Pilgrim's Pride Poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Royer discusses variuo stopics including machine maintenance; overtime pay, vacation and benefits; OSHA and workplace safety; the demographics of her coworkers; conflict with co-workers and her concerns about inappropriate behavior; the practice of firing and rehiring at base pay; changes to the company when Wampler (WLR) sold to Pilgrim's Pride; her extended family's involvement with the poultry industry; her views of supervisors and management; and plans for the future. Samantha is married to Adam Royer (SdArch 29-74).","Records an interview with E., of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses his life history. E. discusses his childhood in Mexico; working in Odell, Oregon to pick apples; his work at Chili's and a poultry plant in Harrisonburg, Virginia; his family in Mexico; and his views on living in Harrrisonburg. E. describes his work at the poultry plant, including the assembly line, management, advancement, compensation, safety issues, and workplace conflict.","Records an interview with Joel Salatin, a farmer and owner of Polyface Farm, in Swoope, Virginia, who discusses his childhood and current work. Topics include his parents' experiences farming in Venezuela; his relationship with the journalist Drew Pearson; selling eggs as a ten-year-old at a market in Staunton; childhood involvement in 4-H; work for the Staunton newspaper in high school; and the beginnings of Polyface farm. Salatin discusses the poultry and meat production, including biosecurity, Marek's disease and chicken health, poultry feed, the decision to not to gain organic certification, benefits of free-range chickens, industrialized food systems, his employees and his commitment to hiring locally, processing chickens on the farm, regulations and testing. He also discusses his views on farmers' ethical and moral obligations, and views on the future of food.","Records an interview with Sarah B. Sampson, who discusses her experiences living in Harrisonburg. Topics include attending the Lucy Simms School, where she played basketball and other sports; the \"urban renewal\" movement in Harrisonburg and the impact on the Northeast neighborhood; her mother-in-law's experience of relocating to a development; racism; First Baptist Church and church experiences; the Bundy Boys and school integration. Sampson describes former businesses in Harrisonburg, including stores owned by Joseph and Alfred Neys, Woolworth's, Denton's furniture store, Leggett's, and the Colonnade. She is a member of the the NAACP.","Records an interview with Justina Saylor of Harrisonburg, Virginia regarding her work at the Cargill Distribution Center. Saylor describes driving a forklift, work in the freezer, hours and overtime work, vehicle training, benefits, demographics of coworkers, management, and shipping, among other topics.","Records an interview with Brent Sayre, a poultry farmer from Mount Crawford, Virginia. Sayre describes various experiences in the poultry industry, including his family history and education; raising brooder chickens for Rocco, Inc. and later George's; the challenges of being self-employed; poultry housing and ventilation systems; end market buyers and fast food; biosecurity and poultry disease such as avian flu; litter movement and regulations regarding litter disposal and use; Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) initiatives; and competition and relationships with other poultry growers.","Records an interview with Marlan Showalter, farmer at Portwood Gardens in Dayton, Virginia. Topics include growing up on a multi-generational farm; his father's dairy farm and vegetable farm; Nutrient Film System (NFT) for growing plants hydroponically; his work for a geological survey at Mt. Sidney; the coal furnace and radiator used for heating the greenhouses; harvesting lettuce and selling to Harrisonburg city and Rockingham county schools; acquiring permits for the green houses; zoning laws; hydroponics and aquaponics, and introducing the bermundi fish to hydroponic operation.","Records an interview with Debra (Debbie) Sites, of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and views on various social services in Harrisonburg. Topcis include past employment, her time living at Our Community Place (OCP) in Harrisonburg; various soup kitchens in the Harrisonburg area; homelessness; experience at the Salvation Army, First Step, Blue House and Harrisonburg and Rockingham Thermal Shelther (HARTS); housing availability in Harrisonburg; disability conpensation, food stamps, and Medicaid; transportation and the bus system in Harrisonburg; involvement of James Madison University students at OCP'; and the Community Services Board (CSB).","Records an interview with Dennis Stoneburner, a poultry grower, and Robert Huffman, owner of Glenn Hill Farm in Broadway Virginia, who discuss their involvement in the poultry industry in the Shenandoah Valley. Topics include their multiple businesses in poultry, cattle, bailing hay and selling poultry litter compost; partnering with Tyson to build grow houses in the late 1970s and 1980s; changes in the industry over time; consolidation within the poultry industry and vertical integration; Rocco, Inc. and Wampler; rising cost of fuel, gas, wood shavings and feed; and the \"Holly Farms incident\" in 1989.","Records an interview with Robert \"Twig\" Strickler, the former CEO of Rocco, Inc., in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Strickler discusses various topics, including his view on the history of turkeys; the origins of contract farming during the Great Depression; his father's decision to invest in a feed mill for poultry feed; becoming the CEO of Rocco at 24 years old; his family's farm and homestead; changes in agribusiness and turkey production over time; the transition from diversified to highly specialized farming; Strickler's wife, Nelsina Lorraine Warren's involvement in the business; Strickler's investment in real estate in downtown Harrisonburg, and forays into glass manufacturing, retail, and the building supply business; and compensation of farmers and growers.","Records an interview with Richard Swope, of Dayton Virginia, who discusses his experiences working in the turkey industry for over fifty years. Swope discusses his childhood on a dairy farm in Dayton; work for Wampler Company in the 1950s as a field representative; raising turkeys under contract with Wampler; changes in turkey breeding and genetics; colony houses in the 1950s that used coal or wood heat; automated feeders and ventilation systems; building costs of confinement houses; drugs, diseases, predators, and problems with noise and rodents; tunnel vs. static ventilation; changes in demand for turkey products; turkey mortality and the disposal of dead turkeys; poultry litter and waste management; free range poultry; ethanol movement and fuel prices; and his views of Pilgrim's Pride, the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative (SVPC), and Cargill.","Records an interview with Forrest Thomson of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who has worked in various jobs in the poultry industry. Thomson describes his decision to study poultry science at Virginia Tech; his job at Wampler Foods as the Assistant Breeder Manager; decision to have his own breeder opation, producing eggs for Wampler Foods, Pilgrims Pride and Ag Forte; producing toms for the Virginia Poultry Growers Cooperative (VPGC); work on the assembly line at Wampler Foods; automation and technology; immigration and labor; a typical day working on the assembly line at a poultry plant; OSHA and regulations, accidents, safety and health concerns; food safety and disease, including avian flu; regulations; and slaughter houses and the humane treatment of animals.","Records an interview with the unnamed VP of Sales of the Shenandoah Valley Poultry Growers Cooperative, in Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses daily work in production, sales and distribution. Other topics include previous work at Pilgrim's Pride and Cargill; SVPGC decision to sell antibiotic-free, vegetarian-fed turkeys; pricing and contract models with growers and distributors; relationship with the The USA Poultry and Egg Export Council (USAPEEC); controlling processing costs; branding and marketing in different regions of the country; grain prices and concern about the impact of ethanol and corn production; farm bill and agricultural subsidies; and consolidation in the poultry industry, super market chains, and food services.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her personal history and employment at the Perdue poultry plant in Bridgewater, Virginia, from 1998 until 2003. Topics include her work on various production lines; working in the freezer and with frozen meats; relationships with coworkers; OSHA; Spanish-speaking employees at work; supervisors; hourly wages and benefits; mechanization; parties and office celebrations; her retirement; and her role helping friends and neighbors with transportation. Venable also discusses the Booker T. Washington high school in Staunton, various teachers in school, and segregation in Saunton.","Records an interview with Mary N. Venable of Staunton, Virginia, who discusses her work experiences in New York City and Bridgewater, Virginia. Venable describes her work for K-Mart in New York City, where she worked in distribution, advertising, shipping, and computing. Venable also discusses her work at Perdue poulty plant, where she worked from 1998 until 2003. Topics include wages and pay rates; working in the cold; working overtime; changing demographics of the employees; retirement plans and 401K plans at Perdue; her decision to retire; unions and labor; prejudice and racism; immigration and voting. She discusses changes she has observed in the Staunton community over time.","Records an interview with Jim and Laura Vines, cattle farmers and former poultry growers from Verona, Virginia. Jim Vines discusses topics including buying a 150 acre farm in the Shenandoah Valley in 1978, working for Rocco, Inc. and his relationship with the Strickler family; his work as an electrical engineer and Virginia Electric and Power Company (VEPCO); competition within the poultry industry; stigma associated with being a turkey farmer; challenges of converting poultry houses for other use; investment in cattle and his calf-cow operation. Vines describes various aspects of the poultry business, including diseases; different breeds of toms (male turkeys); the process of packaging chicks for mail delivery; moisture content and heat in the poultry houses; feed and nutrition for poultry; and the rating scale used to rank and pay growers.","Records in interview with Jacqueline B. Walker, associate professor of History at James Madison University, regarding her work as a turkey grader at the Marvel Poultry Plan, in Harrisonburg, Virginia. Topics include uniform and dress, training by USDA inspectors, working on the conveyor belt, union membership and strikes, her observations about social dynamics at the plant, rules and safety precautions, automation, and her views on Japanese and American approaches to manufacturing and production","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr. who worked for the Wampler poultry businesses. Topics include his education at Dayton High School and Bridgewater College; work for the Wampler Feed and Seed company; building turkey houses; the family chicken, cattle and feed businesses; contract growing as a business model; different breeds of turkeys, including bronze, Holland, and white; changes in the grow-time for turkeys; poultry diseases, medications, and drugs; the transition from raising turkeys on range to raising them in confinement; vertical integration in the poultry industry; poultry litter and waste disposal; relationship with the other poultry companies; retirement in the 1970s. In a follow-up interview, Wampler discusses the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and changes in poultry nutrition; the contract model for growing turkeys; the formation of Wampler-Longacre and Wampler Foods, Inc.; sale to Pilgrim's Pride; and the Virginia State Poultry Federation.","Records an interview with Charles Wampler, Jr., age 92, who discusses the origins of the Wampler businesses, the history of turkey growing, and his own role in the family business. Topics include recollections of Charles Wampler, Sr. incubating and hatching turkey eggs; the beginnings of the Wampler Feed and Seed Company and then Wampler Foods; business connections to Virginia Tech (Virginia Polytechnic Institute); the Wampler family farm, including raising Angus cattle; his own education and early employment within the poultry industry; work developing the turkey industry in the country of Turkey; The Virginia Poultry Federation and National Turkey Federation; early use of peat moss for turkey litter; mergers and acquisitions, including Pilgrim's Pride and Longeacre; relationship with the Strickler family at Rocco; changes in contracts; the turkey inspection process; purchasing grain and the feed; breeds of turkeys; de-beaking turkeys; the transition from range to confinement; and Wampler's view of organics.","Records an interview with Mason Ware and Martha Ware, poultry growers and teachers, from Mt. Solon, Virginia. The Wares discuss growing turkeys under contract for Wampler, and later for Rocco, Inc. They describe a typical work day in their poultry operation; the disposal of dead birds; composting poultry litter; debeaking and declawing the birds; different breeds of turkey; the impact of the Chesapeake Bay Foundation and Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) on their operation; poultry diseases; the decision to grow for Rocco; changes in management at Wampler; rising feed costs; lighting, ventilation and heat in the grow houses; specifications set by the poultry companies such as Wampler and Rocco; and their soil and water supply.","Records an interview with Lefa Weaver, of Harrisonburg Virginia regarding her work in the poultry plants in the Shenandoah Valley. Weaver discusses growing up on a turkey farm, work for the Marvel Poultry plant, stigma associated with being a single parent, her family and grandchildren, work at a hatchery where she burned beaks, clipped nails an vaccinated birds.","Records an interview with Caleb White, a nurse aid at Western State Hospital in Staunton, Virginia. White discusses his family and childhood and his decision to join the Peace Corp, his work as a nurse aid, overtime pay, movies that portray mental illness, and his plans for the future.","Records an interview with Keya Winyan of Harrisonburg, Virginia, who discusses her life history. Topics include her name and its meaning; changing ceremonies; her education and subsequent work as a storyteller and teacher; tribal sovereignty; Leonard Peltier; discrimination and stereotyping; plutonium and uranium poisoning in the Cheyenne River; powwows; federal recognition of tribes; the Dawes Records and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924; casinos; eugenics laws in Virginia; the American Indian movement; and the story of \"Jumping Mouse.\"","Records an interview with Karenne Wood of Charlottesville, Virginia, who discusses her life and work as the Program Director of the Virginia Indian Heritage Program. Topics include her family history; work as an linguistic anthropologist, studying the Monacan language, Tutelo, and Siouxon language; stereotypes of Native peoples; Cherokee in Virginia; media portrayal of Native people; Virginia Standard of Learning in Social Sciences as it relates to Native Peoples; the American Indian Movement; desegregation of schools; Virginia Council on Indians; and the Racial Integrity Act of 1924."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAudio cds are housed in media cabinet.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Audio cds are housed in media cabinet."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eInterview audio and transcripts within this collection are designated as either in the public domain OR the copyright interests have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. 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Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInterview content (audio and transcript) is designated as in the public domain per the donor agreement. Copyright status for other collection materials is unknown. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by U.S. Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.C.) beyond that allowed by fair use requires the permission of the copyright owners. Responsibility for determining copyright status and obtaining permissions for use rests solely with the user.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePublic Domain\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. For more information, contact the Special Collections Library Reference Desk (library-special@jmu.edu).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have been transferred to the James Madison University Special Collections Library. 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