{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=1\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":4,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04291","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04291#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04291#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04291#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04291","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04291","_root_":"vi_vi04291","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04291","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04291.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1207697\n"],"text":["1207697\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840","Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","0.20 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","On February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778.","Additional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.","Treasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used.","There are no restrictions.\n","Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1207697\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County, accession number 40981. ","The collection is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services staff for access information, directions, and hours."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.20 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840. Local government records collection, Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840. Local government records collection, Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA251\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTreasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.","Treasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century."],"corpname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:43:44.770Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04291","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04291","_root_":"vi_vi04291","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04291","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04291.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1207697\n"],"text":["1207697\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840","Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","0.20 cu. ft. (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","On February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778.","Additional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.","Treasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used.","There are no restrictions.\n","Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1207697\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County, accession number 40981. ","The collection is located at the State Records Center. Contact Archives Research Services staff for access information, directions, and hours."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Government aid to education -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Poor children -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Public schools -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Schools -- records and correspondence -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Teachers -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Accounts -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Annual reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Attendance reports -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Bonds (negotiable instruments) -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Financial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Minutes -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","School records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.20 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On February 21, 1818, the Virginia legislature passed a school bill which appropriated $45,000 annually from the Literary Fund for the education of poor children. (The Literary Fund had been established in 1810 with passage of a bill to appropriate \"certain escheats, confiscated, and forfeited lands\" for the \"encouragement of learning.\") Under the provisions of the 1818 School Act, each county court was required to appoint five to fifteen commissioners to establish and/or administer schools for children of the poor. A more comprehensive public school system was established by the legislature in 1870. Prior to 1818, county courts were given the option of whether to appoint a Board of School Commissioners.\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonists in their disputes with Great Britain. It was formed from Augusta County in 1778."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840. Local government records collection, Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840. Local government records collection, Rockingham County (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA251\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County School Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTreasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Board of School Commissioners Records, 1835-1840, contain treasurer's accounts, annual reports, minutes, orders, and bonds documenting the disbursement of the county's allotment, from the state Literary Fund, for the education of indigent children.","Treasurer's accounts, 1835-1840, record the amount of money drawn from the state Literary Fund each year, money paid to individual schoolmasters, number of children taught, number of days taught, price per day, per pupil; and money spent on books. Reports and minutes also record the number of schools operating in the county, estimates of the number of children who qualified to attend them, the number attending, names of schoolmasters and schoolmistresses teaching in the schools, salaries paid to teachers, and elementary books principally used."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century."],"corpname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.). Circuit Court.","Rockingham County (Va.). Board of School Commissioners for Indigent Children.","Virginia Literary Fund -- Appropriations and expenditures -- 19th century."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:43:44.770Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04291"}},{"id":"vi_vi05551","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05551#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05551#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity. Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05551#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05551","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05551","_root_":"vi_vi05551","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05551","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05551.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n","Locality History:  Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n","Additional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   the Chancery Records Index .\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Rockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n"," Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County. Pre-1919 records came to in 2003 under accesion 40981 and post-1919 records came in 2010 under accession number 45089.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.8 cubic feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.8 cubic feet (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n","Locality History:  Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e the Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   the Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Rockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n"," Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:54:37.517Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05551","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05551","_root_":"vi_vi05551","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05551","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05551.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n","Locality History:  Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n","Additional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   the Chancery Records Index .\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Rockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n"," Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquistions, \n1784-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Rockingham County. Pre-1919 records came to in 2003 under accesion 40981 and post-1919 records came in 2010 under accession number 45089.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.8 cubic feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.8 cubic feet (4 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions,1784-1936, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."," arranged chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\n","Locality History:  Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg. \n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936. Local government records collection, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e the Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   the Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\n\nCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Rockingham County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1784-1936, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\n"," Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":5,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:54:37.517Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05551"}},{"id":"vi_vi04768","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04768#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04768#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04768#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04768","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04768","_root_":"vi_vi04768","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04768","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04768.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007534434\n"],"text":["0007534434\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.",".10 cu. ft.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Additional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.","Gracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.","The case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Writ of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007534434\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Rockingham County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".10 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA251\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrit of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.","Gracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.","The case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Writ of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:17:17.439Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04768","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04768","_root_":"vi_vi04768","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04768","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04768.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007534434\n"],"text":["0007534434\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859","African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.",".10 cu. ft.","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.","Additional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n","Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.","Gracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.","The case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Writ of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007534434\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n1811, 1859"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Rockingham County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- Virginia.","Free African Americans -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Slavery -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Civil actions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Freedom suits -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Petitions -- Virginia -- Rockingham County.","Wills -- Virginia -- Rockingham County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".10 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Slaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA251\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/chancery/index.htm\"\u003ethe Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available at Virginia Memory.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor more information and a listing of lost records localities see \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn30_lostrecords.pdf\"\u003eLost Records research note\u003c/extref\u003e. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County Court Records are found at the Library of Virginia.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional freedom suits may be found in the Rockingham County Chancery Causes. Search the  the Chancery Records Index  found on the Library of Virginia web site. Enter the tilde symbol in the plaintiff surname field.\n","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available at Virginia Memory.\n","For more information and a listing of lost records localities see  Lost Records research note . \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWrit of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJudgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1811, 1859, consist of two suits for freedom initiated by slaves.","Gracy and her children Dennis, Ben, Rebecca Ann, Jeff, Jacob, Charity Ann, Maria Jane, Diana, and William Henry who sought to gain their freedom from the Executor of James Fulton on the law side of the court. The slaves' argument for freedom was based on the fact that they were descendants of a free woman of color, Nancy Holley. The jury of the circuit court of Rockingham County supported the slaves' claim to their freedom. The defendant appealed the decision to the Virginia Court of Appeals which affirmed the circuit court's decision in 1859.","The case is identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners found in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Writ of habeas corpus initiated by John Holeman in 1811 claiming to be illegally detained in jail as a runaway slave. Holeman claimed to be a free person because he was the child of a free woman named Dina.","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:17:17.439Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04768"}},{"id":"vi_vi04324","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04324#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04324#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04324#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04324","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04324","_root_":"vi_vi04324","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04324","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04324.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911","Rockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the  Naturalization Records Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Context for Record Type:  Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n","Locality History:    Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","Lost Locality Note:   A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n","Loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website.","Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a 2004 transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under the accession number 40981.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".2 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/naturalization-collection/\"\u003eNaturalization Records Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the  Naturalization Records Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eA courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n","Locality History:    Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","Lost Locality Note:   A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:07:59.845Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04324","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04324","_root_":"vi_vi04324","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04324","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04324.xml","title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"text":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911","Rockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the  Naturalization Records Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Context for Record Type:  Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n","Locality History:    Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","Lost Locality Note:   A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n","Loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n","Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website.","Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"collection_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n1826-1911"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a 2004 transfer of court papers from Rockingham County under the accession number 40981.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".2 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".2 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/naturalization-collection/\"\u003eNaturalization Records Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Rockingham County's loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, are digitized and available through the  Naturalization Records Digital Collection  on the Library of Virginia website. Please use digital images.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, arranged chronologically.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eA courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. Prior to the Naturalization Act of 1906, the naturalization process primarily occurred in local and state courts. Declarations of intent were the record by which an applicant for U.S. citizenship declared their intent to become a citizen and renounced their allegiance to a foreign government. This document typically preceded proof of residence or a petition to become a citizen by two or more years. \n","Locality History:    Rockingham County was named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, second marquis of Rockingham, who supported the colonies during the years before and during the Revolutionary War. The county was formed from Augusta County in 1778. The county seat is the city of Harrisonburg.\n","Lost Locality Note:   A courthouse fire in 1787 destroyed primarily wills and estate records. In June 1864 during the Civil War, court records (mostly volumes) were removed from the courthouse and loaded on a wagon to be taken to place of safety on or beyond the Blue Ridge. The wagon was overtaken by Union troops near Port Republic and set afire, which was put out by local citizens. Many order books, deed books, will books, and fiduciary books, however, were lost or severely damaged by the fire. The loose records that remained at the courthouse were undamaged. Pre-1865 records including deeds and wills were rerecorded following an act of assembly passed in November 1884.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911. Local government records collection, Rockingham County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia, 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLoose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Loose naturalization records, 1826-1911, were processed and indexed for the purpose of inclusion in the Library of Virginia's Naturalization Records digital collection by Library of Virginia staff.\n","Encoded by G. Crawford: March 2014; updated by M. Long: May 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult  \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/lost\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection\u003c/extref\u003e available on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Rockingham County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia. Consult   \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Rockingham County is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Rockingham County Court Records may be found in the  Lost Records Localities Digital Collection  available on the Library of Virginia website."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Rockingham County (Va.) Naturalization Records, 1826-1911, consists of loose naturalization records filed in the local court. Loose naturalization records may include affidavits, reports for naturalization, declarations of intent to become United States citizens, and notices of application for admission of citizenship. The reports are narrative accounts made by applicants summarizing their journey to the United States. The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:07:59.845Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04324"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia\u0026view=list"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rockingham+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=list"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Rockingham County (Va.) 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