{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=2","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=1","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=3","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026page=5"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":2,"next_page":3,"prev_page":1,"total_pages":5,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":10,"total_count":46,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03204","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"James P. Elam Journal and Chesterfield County (Va.) Estate Records, \n1835-1848","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03204#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Richmond (Va.) 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Silas Cheatham was a sheriff in Chesterfield County and later served as clerk to the circuit court from 1847 to 1865.","James P. Elam Journal, 1835-1836, records the financial activities of Elam's general store on an almost daily basis. The volume was primarily used as a daybook to document customer purchases. Information found in those entries includes customer name, name and quantity of items purchased, and monies debited or credited to the customer's account. The account book was also used to record business expenses such as merchandise purchases, freighting fees, and the costs of building a new store. Occasionally family expenses were noted in the volume for travel expenses and purchases of items such as food, clothing, and furniture.","From 1844 to 1848 the volume was repurposed and used to document Chesterfield County estate cases in which Silas Cheatham served as administrator. Before becoming a circuit court clerk in 1847, Cheatham served as sheriff in Chesterfield County. Entries in the account book and numerous loose papers included in the volume relate to the appraisal and settlement of estates. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.","There are no restrictions.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Elam, James P.","Cheatham, Silas.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["James P. Elam Journal and Chesterfield County (Va.) Estate Records, \n1835-1848"],"collection_ssim":["James P. Elam Journal and Chesterfield County (Va.) Estate Records, \n1835-1848"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1099712"],"unitid_tesim":["1099712"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) 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Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"persname_ssim":["Elam, James P.","Cheatham, Silas."],"names_ssim":["Chesterfield County (Va.) 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The ledger records both the accounts of individual customers and the company's working accounts for things such as bank transactions, expenses, freight, and merchandise. Entries are organized in chronological order under the individual account name. Each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03201#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03201","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03201","_root_":"vi_vi03201","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03201","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03201.xml","title_ssm":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890"],"title_tesim":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890"],"text":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890","1092213-1092215, 1092275, 1092283, 1092286, 1092306","Consumer goods--Virginia--Richmond.","Dry-goods--Virginia--Richmond.","Merchants--Virginia--Richmond.","Business records--Virginia--Richmond.","Cashbooks--Virginia--Richmond.","Checkbooks--Virginia--Richmond.","Daybooks--Virginia--Richmond.","Ledgers (account books)--Virginia--Richmond.","Local government records--Virginia--Richmond.","7 v.","There are no restrictions.","Julius Meyer and Sons was a dry-goods business operating in Richmond, Va., during the late nineteenth century selling ready-made clothing, textiles, and household items. The mercantile firm consisted of German immigrant Julius Meyer and his sons Henry H., William, and Alexander Meyer.","Julius Meyer and Sons Ledger, 1888-1890, documents the dry-goods company's financial activities. The ledger records both the accounts of individual customers and the company's working accounts for things such as bank transactions, expenses, freight, and merchandise. Entries are organized in chronological order under the individual account name. Each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.","Julius Meyer and Sons Daybook, 1888-1889, and Henry H. Meyer Daybook, 1889-1890, record transactions on a daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes date, name of customer, name and quantity of items purchased, price per unit, and total amounts owed.","Henry H. Meyer General Daybook and Merchandise Returns, 1888-1890, records merchandise returns on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Each entry includes date, name of customer, name and quantity of items returned, price per unit, and the total amount of money returned to the customer.","Julius Meyer and Sons Cashbook, 1888-1889, documents cash on hand by recording cash received and disbursed. Information found in each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.","Julius Meyer and Sons Petty Cashbook, 1888-1890, documents the petty cash on hand by recording cash received and disbursed. Information found in each entry includes date, type of transaction, monies debited or credited, and the customer or employee name associated with the transaction. Expenses, such as freight and postage fees, merchandise sales, and employee salaries were recorded in the volume.","Henry H. Meyer Checkbook, 1890, contains blank checks and stubs of checks written by Meyer for his family's mercantile business. Information found in the check stubs includes date check was written, name of individual or business to whom check was written, and amount of check. Occasionally notes were included as to the purpose of the payment.","There are no restrictions.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Julius Meyer and Sons (Richmond, Va.).","Meyer, Alexander.","Meyer, Henry H.","Meyer, Julius.","Meyer, William.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890"],"collection_ssim":["Julius Meyer and Sons Business Records, \n1888-1890"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1092213-1092215, 1092275, 1092283, 1092286, 1092306"],"unitid_tesim":["1092213-1092215, 1092275, 1092283, 1092286, 1092306"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) 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The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJulius Meyer and Sons Ledger, 1888-1890, documents the dry-goods company's financial activities. The ledger records both the accounts of individual customers and the company's working accounts for things such as bank transactions, expenses, freight, and merchandise. Entries are organized in chronological order under the individual account name. Each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eJulius Meyer and Sons Daybook, 1888-1889, and Henry H. Meyer Daybook, 1889-1890, record transactions on a daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes date, name of customer, name and quantity of items purchased, price per unit, and total amounts owed.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eHenry H. 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Each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.","Julius Meyer and Sons Daybook, 1888-1889, and Henry H. Meyer Daybook, 1889-1890, record transactions on a daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes date, name of customer, name and quantity of items purchased, price per unit, and total amounts owed.","Henry H. Meyer General Daybook and Merchandise Returns, 1888-1890, records merchandise returns on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Each entry includes date, name of customer, name and quantity of items returned, price per unit, and the total amount of money returned to the customer.","Julius Meyer and Sons Cashbook, 1888-1889, documents cash on hand by recording cash received and disbursed. Information found in each entry includes date, type of transaction, and monies debited or credited.","Julius Meyer and Sons Petty Cashbook, 1888-1890, documents the petty cash on hand by recording cash received and disbursed. 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Local government records collection, Richmond Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lisburn Land Company Minute Book and Stock Ledger, 1890-1901. Local government records collection, Richmond Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLisburn Land Company Minute Book, 1890-1901, records meetings of the company's Board of Directors and stockholders. Early entries document the formation of the company, creation of by-laws, and the purchase of land to be divided into lots and improved upon. The drafting of deeds and sales of stock were among the topics recorded in later entries.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eLisburn Land Company Stock Ledger, 1897-1901, records the weekly payments of individual stockholders. 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Each entry includes stockholder name, date of purchase, house number and street name, number of shares purchased, amount of initial loan, and amount of weekly dues."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Lisburn Land Company (Richmond, Va.)."],"names_ssim":["Lisburn Land Company (Richmond, Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:38:18.505Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03208"}},{"id":"vi_vi04121","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04121#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04121#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eManchester Supply Company Daybooks, 1901-1902, record the business transactions of the grocers on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes the name of customer, name and quantity of goods purchased, price owed, and amounts paid. Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04121#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04121","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04121","_root_":"vi_vi04121","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04121","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04121.xml","title_ssm":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"title_tesim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"text":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902","1099714-1099715","Consumer goods--Virginia--Manchester.","Groceries--Virginia--Manchester.","Grocery trade--Virginia--Manchester.","Merchants--Virginia--Manchester.","Business records--Virginia--Manchester.","Daybooks--Virginia--Manchester.","Local government records--Virginia--Richmond.","2 v.","There are no restrictions.","Manchester Supply Company operated briefly in the early 1900s in the city of Manchester, which was officially annexed to the City of Richmond in 1910. Today the area is also known as South Richmond.","Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, 1901-1902, record the business transactions of the grocers on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes the name of customer, name and quantity of goods purchased, price owed, and amounts paid. Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco.","There are no restrictions.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.).","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"collection_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1099714-1099715"],"unitid_tesim":["1099714-1099715"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) 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Information found in each entry includes the name of customer, name and quantity of goods purchased, price owed, and amounts paid. Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, 1901-1902, record the business transactions of the grocers on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes the name of customer, name and quantity of goods purchased, price owed, and amounts paid. Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.)."],"names_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:39:40.253Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04121","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04121","_root_":"vi_vi04121","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04121","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04121.xml","title_ssm":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"title_tesim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"text":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902","1099714-1099715","Consumer goods--Virginia--Manchester.","Groceries--Virginia--Manchester.","Grocery trade--Virginia--Manchester.","Merchants--Virginia--Manchester.","Business records--Virginia--Manchester.","Daybooks--Virginia--Manchester.","Local government records--Virginia--Richmond.","2 v.","There are no restrictions.","Manchester Supply Company operated briefly in the early 1900s in the city of Manchester, which was officially annexed to the City of Richmond in 1910. Today the area is also known as South Richmond.","Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, 1901-1902, record the business transactions of the grocers on an almost daily basis as they occurred. Information found in each entry includes the name of customer, name and quantity of goods purchased, price owed, and amounts paid. Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco.","There are no restrictions.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.).","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"collection_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company Daybooks, \n1901-1902"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1099714-1099715"],"unitid_tesim":["1099714-1099715"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) 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Manchester Supply Company sold a variety of vegetables and meat along with sugar, flour, and tobacco."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.)."],"names_ssim":["Manchester Supply Company (Manchester, Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:39:40.253Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04121"}},{"id":"vi_vi04199","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04199#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04199#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04199#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04199","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04199","_root_":"vi_vi04199","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04199","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04199.xml","title_ssm":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909"],"title_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909"],"text":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909","Barcode numbers 1114429, 1114437, 1114436 and 1114428/Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994","City councils--Virginia--Manchester","Committees--Virginia--Manchester","Local elections--Virginia--Manchester","Public records--Virginia--Manchester","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Manchester","Communication (function)--Virginia--Manchester","Local government records--Virginia--Manchester","Ordinances--Virginia--Manchester","Petitions--Virginia--Manchester","Reports--Virginia--Manchester","4 v. (2224 p.); 2 microfilm reels","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically.","Manchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. According to this act, \"the honorable William Byrd hath lately laid out a parcel of his lands at Rocky Ridge, at the falls of the James River, in the county of Chesterfield, in lots and streets for a town.\" Directors and trustees were appointed and the town was named Manchester. The town was incorporated on February 27, 1834. On March 20, 1874, a city charter was approved by the General Assembly and the city was divided into 4 wards. Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England.","Additional Richmond City Government Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","A wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.","Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees.","Use microfilm copies, Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994.","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court","Manchester (Va.) City Council","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909"],"collection_ssim":["Manchester (Va.) 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(2224 p.); 2 microfilm reels"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. According to this act, \"the honorable William Byrd hath lately laid out a parcel of his lands at Rocky Ridge, at the falls of the James River, in the county of Chesterfield, in lots and streets for a town.\" Directors and trustees were appointed and the town was named Manchester. The town was incorporated on February 27, 1834. On March 20, 1874, a city charter was approved by the General Assembly and the city was divided into 4 wards. Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. According to this act, \"the honorable William Byrd hath lately laid out a parcel of his lands at Rocky Ridge, at the falls of the James River, in the county of Chesterfield, in lots and streets for a town.\" Directors and trustees were appointed and the town was named Manchester. The town was incorporated on February 27, 1834. On March 20, 1874, a city charter was approved by the General Assembly and the city was divided into 4 wards. Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, 1875-1909.  Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994, Local government records collection, Richmond (City) Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, 1875-1909.  Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994, Local government records collection, Richmond (City) Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Richmond City Government Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material","Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Richmond City Government Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","A wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copies, Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copies, Richmond (Va.) 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City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909"],"text":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, Vols. 2-5, \n1875-1909","Barcode numbers 1114429, 1114437, 1114436 and 1114428/Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994","City councils--Virginia--Manchester","Committees--Virginia--Manchester","Local elections--Virginia--Manchester","Public records--Virginia--Manchester","Bonds (legal records)--Virginia--Manchester","Communication (function)--Virginia--Manchester","Local government records--Virginia--Manchester","Ordinances--Virginia--Manchester","Petitions--Virginia--Manchester","Reports--Virginia--Manchester","4 v. (2224 p.); 2 microfilm reels","There are no restrictions.","Arranged chronologically.","Manchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. 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The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England.","Additional Richmond City Government Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","A wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.","Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. 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(2224 p.); 2 microfilm reels"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. According to this act, \"the honorable William Byrd hath lately laid out a parcel of his lands at Rocky Ridge, at the falls of the James River, in the county of Chesterfield, in lots and streets for a town.\" Directors and trustees were appointed and the town was named Manchester. The town was incorporated on February 27, 1834. On March 20, 1874, a city charter was approved by the General Assembly and the city was divided into 4 wards. Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Manchester was established as a town by the General Assembly in November 1769. 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Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eA wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material","Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Richmond City Government Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","A wonderful history of Manchester \"Old Manchester and Its Environs, 1769-1910\" was published in 1993 by noted local historian, Benjamin B. Weisiger III.  The volume is found in the Library of Virginia's book collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) City Council Minute Books, 1875-1909, are comprised of four volumes covering the administrative functions of one of the city's two governing bodies. According to the February 15, 1901 Acts of the Assembly (p. 241), \"the administration and government of the city shall be vested in one principal officer, to be styled the mayor; the City Council to be composed of the Board of Alderman, consisting of two members from each ward, and the City Assembly, consisting of three members from each ward.\" Furthermore, \"each board composing the city council shall have one regular meeting during each month and as many special or called meetings as the interests of the city shall require. A majority of the members elected to each board shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. No ordinances or resolutions shall become a law of the city until adopted by a majority of each board present and voting.\" The first volume of City Council Minutes is found with the last volume of the Board of Trustee Minutes Books, 1870-1875, on pages 436-563. The second volume dates from 1875-1880 and numbers 452 pages. On page 232, the minutes reveal the proposal to incorporate the city of Manchester with the city of Richmond. The third volume dates from 1881-1890 and numbers 623 pages. The fourth volume dates from 1890-1897 and numbers 639 pages. The fifth volume dates from 1897-1909 and numbers 510 pages. Volumes 2-4 contain an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-W. The last volume contains an internal index alphabetically arranged from A-Z. All volumes deal with similar subjects such as bonds, committees, communications, election of city officials, finance reports, ordinances, petitions, committee reports and the formation of special committees."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eUse microfilm copies, Richmond (Va.) Reels 993 and 994.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Use microfilm copies, Richmond (Va.) 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Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England.","Additional Richmond (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia City and County Records on Microfilm\"","Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, 1895-1913, contains information on specific individuals, businesses, estates related to the city's collection of delinquent taxes from 1877-1909. In 1874, the city charter provided for the collection of these taxes. The collection of these taxes relate to personal and real property with the implementation of city, school, paving and sewer taxes. Essentially, the collector filled out a printed form which included the year, tax, penalty and interest. The month, the date and the specific party were added by the collector. When the City of Manchester was annexed to the City of Richmond in 1910, this volume became part of the Richmond's Department of Finance records.","Use microfilm copy, Richmond (Va.) Reel 999","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court.","Richmond (Va.) Department of Finance.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, \n1895-1913"],"collection_ssim":["Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, \n1895-1913"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Barcode number 1114260/Richmond (Va.) 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On March 20, 1874, a city charter was approved by the General Assembly and the city was divided into 4 wards. Three members from each ward served on the City Council, the main governing body of the city along with the mayor. On April 15, 1910, the city of Manchester was officially annexed to the City of Richmond with the provisos that a free bridge would be constructed to connect Manchester with Richmond and that Manchester would retain a courthouse. Today the area is also known as South Richmond. The town of Manchester was named probably for Manchester Parish in Chesterfield County. The parish in turn was named either for George Montague, fourth duke of Manchester, or for the town of Manchester, England."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, 1895-1913.  Richmond (Va.) Reel 999, Local government records collection, Richmond (City) Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, 1895-1913.  Richmond (Va.) Reel 999, Local government records collection, Richmond (City) Court Records.  The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Richmond (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.lib.va.us/whatwehave/local/local_rec/index.htm\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia City and County Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Richmond (Va.) Tax and Fiscal Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.  Consult \"A Guide to Virginia City and County Records on Microfilm\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eManchester (Va.) 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Reel 999"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court.","Richmond (Va.) Department of Finance."],"names_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court.","Richmond (Va.) Department of Finance."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:39:40.253Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04188","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04188","_root_":"vi_vi04188","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04188","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04188.xml","title_ssm":["Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, \n1895-1913"],"title_tesim":["Manchester (Va.) Delinquent Tax Book, \n1895-1913"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manchester (Va.) 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Maurice W. Thomas acted as the company's manager, and Maurice Hunter was its engineer. In early 1896 the company was placed under the control of receivers. Generally, receivers are neutral persons appointed by the court to receive and preserve the property in litigation and to apply or dispose issues and profits at the direction of the court.","Old Dominion Electrical Construction Company Ledger, 1895-1896, records the company's financial activities. The first part of the ledger documents the company's controlling accounts such as cash, stock, merchandise, expenses, and bills payable and receivable. The remainder of the ledger was used to record the accounts with the company's customers and creditors. 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Information found in each account includes date and type of transaction and monies debited or credited to the accounts."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n      "],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia"],"corpname_ssim":["Old Dominion Electrical Construction Company (Richmond, Va.)."],"persname_ssim":["Hunter, Maurice.","Thomas, Maurice W."],"names_ssim":["Old Dominion Electrical Construction Company (Richmond, Va.).","Hunter, Maurice.","Thomas, Maurice W."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:38:18.505Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03216"}},{"id":"vi_vi06233","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06233#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06233#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06233#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06233","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06233","_root_":"vi_vi06233","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06233","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06233.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"title_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"text":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)","Chancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Indexavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.","Chancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.","Chancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability.","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Types of Courts:Richmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.","Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.","Richmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.","Upon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.","Locality History:Richmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.","Lost Locality Notes:Established in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.","Digital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.","Encoded by J. Taylor: August 2025.","Additional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Richmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the Lost Records Localities Digital Collection.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Pre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.","A number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.","There is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.","After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.","The majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.","Many chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.","Occasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.","The bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.","The defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.","Both suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.","This contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.","A debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.","The suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.","A debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.","John Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.","Maria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.","Nancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.","Richard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.","Orris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.","Milly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.","This divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026 truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"","Mary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.","An unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.","James G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.","William H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen.","The executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail.","William H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.","Beverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.","There was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed.","Thomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.","Margaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.","A part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\"","This debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated.","Lucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.","Nancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.","John N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.","Divorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862.","Estate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation.","Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges.","Divorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly.","Contract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.","Estate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.","Divorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.","Debt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court.","This debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire.","Trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews.","A divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.","Estate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.","The suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.","The suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.","Has an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.","Julia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.","The suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother.","An estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian.","Dora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond.","The Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.","Jane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.","Erdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.","This suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property.","Israel Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.","A deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","This estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","Frank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas.","This contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads.","This suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Richmond in 2018 under the accession number 52593. Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2019 under accession number 52743 as well as under an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["Digital Images; 417.1 cubic feet (868 boxes)."],"extent_tesim":["Digital Images; 417.1 cubic feet (868 boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/cri\"\u003e Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003eavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Chancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Indexavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.","Chancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.","Chancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eTypes of Courts:\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003eEstablished in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Types of Courts:Richmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.","Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.","Richmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.","Upon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.","Locality History:Richmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.","Lost Locality Notes:Established in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Richmond (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Richmond (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDigital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: August 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.","Digital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.","Encoded by J. Taylor: August 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/lost-records/localities\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Richmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the Lost Records Localities Digital Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOccasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoth suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOrris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026amp; truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMargaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDebt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTrustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.\n \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHas an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eErdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIsrael Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInjunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInjunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Pre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.","A number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.","There is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.","After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.","The majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.","Many chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.","Occasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.","The bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.","The defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.","Both suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.","This contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.","A debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.","The suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.","A debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.","John Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.","Maria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.","Nancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.","Richard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.","Orris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.","Milly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.","This divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026 truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"","Mary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.","An unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.","James G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.","William H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen.","The executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail.","William H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.","Beverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.","There was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed.","Thomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.","Margaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.","A part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\"","This debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated.","Lucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.","Nancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.","John N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.","Divorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862.","Estate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation.","Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges.","Divorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly.","Contract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.","Estate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.","Divorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.","Debt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court.","This debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire.","Trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews.","A divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.","Estate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.","The suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.","The suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.","Has an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.","Julia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.","The suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother.","An estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian.","Dora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond.","The Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.","Jane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.","Erdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.","This suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property.","Israel Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.","A deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","This estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","Frank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas.","This contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads.","This suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":64,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:43:17.788Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06233","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06233","_root_":"vi_vi06233","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06233","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06233.xml","title_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"title_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"text":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)","Chancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Indexavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.","Chancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.","Chancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability.","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Types of Courts:Richmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.","Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.","Richmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.","Upon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.","Locality History:Richmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.","Lost Locality Notes:Established in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.","Digital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.","Encoded by J. Taylor: August 2025.","Additional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Richmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the Lost Records Localities Digital Collection.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Pre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.","A number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.","There is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.","After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.","The majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.","Many chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.","Occasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.","The bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.","The defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.","Both suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.","This contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.","A debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.","The suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.","A debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.","John Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.","Maria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.","Nancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.","Richard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.","Orris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.","Milly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.","This divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026 truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"","Mary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.","An unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.","James G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.","William H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen.","The executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail.","William H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.","Beverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.","There was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed.","Thomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.","Margaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.","A part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\"","This debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated.","Lucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.","Nancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.","John N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.","Divorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862.","Estate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation.","Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges.","Divorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly.","Contract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.","Estate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.","Divorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.","Debt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court.","This debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire.","Trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews.","A divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.","Estate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.","The suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.","The suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.","Has an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.","Julia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.","The suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother.","An estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian.","Dora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond.","The Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.","Jane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.","Erdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.","This suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property.","Israel Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.","A deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","This estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","Frank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas.","This contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads.","This suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy.","There are no restrictions.","Library of Virginia","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"collection_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1783-1942 (bulk 1888-1905)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"creator_ssim":["Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Richmond in 2018 under the accession number 52593. Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2019 under accession number 52743 as well as under an undated accession."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["Digital Images; 417.1 cubic feet (868 boxes)."],"extent_tesim":["Digital Images; 417.1 cubic feet (868 boxes)."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/collections/cri\"\u003e Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003eavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eChancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Chancery Causes 1783-1866-042, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Indexavailable electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.","Chancery Causes 1866-043-1885 are currently closed for reformatting.","Chancery Causes 1886-1942 are unprocessed.  Contact Archives Research Services for availability."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eTypes of Courts:\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eUpon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eRichmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Notes:\u003c/emph\u003eEstablished in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.","Types of Courts:Richmond (Va.) Hustings court created by the General Assembly in 1782 at the time Richmond was granted it's charter. The court was created to handle all criminal cases, civil law cases, probate of wills, fiduciary accounts, deed recordings, all licenses (business, marriage, etc.), citizenship applications, etc. It also included the Mayor's Court.","Richmond (Va.) Hustings Court Part I was approved April 5, 1910 under agreement of consolidation between the City of Richmond and the City of Manchester and their corporation/ Hustings Court.","Richmond (Va.) Law and Equity Court was created by an act of General Assembly on February 12, 1894 to handle all civil law cases and equity cases filed in the City of Richmond (includes divorces, partitions suits, injunctions, mechanic liens suits, etc.).","Richmond (Va.) Circuit Court created in 1852 as a successor to the Circuit Court of Chancery for the County of Henrico in order to handle all civil wand criminal matters, same as other circuit courts for counties, cities, or towns. In July 1954, the Clerk of Law and Equity Court was named clerk of the Circuit Court. At the same time it's jurisdiction was limited to criminal proceedings against convicts in the penitentiary, proceeding to enforce payment of money to commonwealth and suits against public officers representing the commonwealth.","Upon the close of the Civil War and the military occupation of Richmond, in Spring of 1866 a military tribunal, called the Court of Conciliation, was established. Rather than a singular judge, three arbitrators were given the power to adjudicate all cases which involved the possession of real and personal property, as well as when contracts specified confederate currency as the payment method. The court's short term ended in December of the same year.","Locality History:Richmond, located between Henrico and Chesterfield Counties, was named by William Byrd (1674-1744), who envisioned the development of a city at the falls of the James River and with the help of William Mayo laid out the town in 1737. The name probably came from the English borough of Richmond upon Thames, which Byrd visited on several occasions. Richmond was established in 1742 and in 1779 was designated the capital of Virginia effective 30 April 1780. It was incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782 and was incorporated as a city in 1842. It served as the capital of the Confederacy from mid-1861 to April 1865. Richmond was enlarged by the annexation of Manchester (or South Richmond) in 1910, and by the addition of Barton Heights, Fairmount, and Highland Park in 1914. Further annexations from Chesterfield County occurred in 1942 and 1970.","Lost Locality Notes:Established in 1742; incorporated as a town, although \"stiled the city of Richmond,\" in 1782. During the burning of Richmond on April 3, 1865, during the Civil War, Richmond circuit court judge John A. Meredith led efforts to save the circuit court records found at the State Court House. Rescuers successfully removed all the circuit court papers that concerned pending suits and many of the order books, but all of the circuit court will and deed books were lost. Records of the superior court and circuit superior court of law and chancery were also destroyed. Most of the pre-Civil War Husting Court records exist, including Hustings Court wills and deeds."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Richmond (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"prefercite_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942. (Cite style of suit [and chancery index no. if available]). Local government records collection, Richmond (Va.) Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDigital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: August 2025.\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1885 were processed by V. Brooks, S. Bagley, E. Swain, J. Taylor, C. Collins, and C. Freed from 2023 to 2025.","Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1886-1942 are unprocessed.","Digital images of Chancery Causes, 1783-1861 were generated by Backstage Library Works through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program in 2025.","Encoded by J. Taylor: August 2025."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva-virginia.libguides.com/lost-records/localities\"\u003eLost Records Localities Digital Collection.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Richmond Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.","Richmond is one of Virginia's Lost Records Localities. Additional Richmond records may be found in the Virginia Lost Records Localities Digital Collection at the Library of Virginia. Search the Lost Records Localities Digital Collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRichmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOccasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBoth suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMaria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOrris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026amp; truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilliam H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eBeverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThere was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMargaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJohn N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eContract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDivorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDebt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTrustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.\n \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEstate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eHas an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJulia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAn estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eErdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property. \n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIsrael Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.\n  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eA deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInjunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eInjunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFrank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads. \n\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThis suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Richmond (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1783-1942, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.","Pre-1812 causes often only contain a single document, usually a subpoena.","A number of the divorce suits brought forth by women involve adultery as the primary reason for divorce. Many of these suits include depositions which contain detailed information about local houses of ill fame, including their locations and the names of women who worked in the houses.","There is a substantial amount of information concerning enslaved Black men, women, and children. While there are several suits concerning the freedom of enslaved individuals, these cases largely represent the perspective of white enslavers and their disputes involving the sale, hiring, financial responsibilities, and legality of ownership of Black individuals. Specifically, there are many cases concerning estate disputes over enslaved individuals.","After the transatlantic slave trade ended in 1808, the domestic slave trade took its place. Richmond City became one of the largest slave trading cities in the south, second only to New Orleans. A number of chancery causes involve the slave trade, including slave traders as litigants in some suits, auction block sites, and references to enslaved people being sent further south as punishment.","The majority of post-1865 revolve around property, whether that be disputes over a deceased's estate or in a debt suit, the necessity of the debtor to sell their land to pay their debts because they did not have the liquid funds to pay them. Some of these court cases involve disputes over property dating back to the 18th century.","Many chancery causes from 1866-1875 reference or involve court systems set up during the military occupation of Richmond after the Civil War, including the Court of Conciliation and the Freedmen's Court. Some of the chancery causes were heard in these courts before being heard in the Court of Chancery, reflecting the intricate and convoluted systems of governance which existed in Virginia after the end of the Confederacy and before Virginia was returned to the Union in 1870.","Occasional years were treated as \"clearance years\" where cases which had not had any movement or action in seven years were stricken from the docket. These cases were indexed with the date they were stricken, but the last major changes in the case happened ages earlier.","The bill and answer in this debt suit discuss the British invasion of Richmond and the complainant's efforts to prevent Nanny, a woman enslaved by the defendant from being taken by the British army.","The defendant in this debt suit is Benjamin Blyth, a well-known New England portraitist who relocated to Richmond in 1785. Blyth painted John and Abigail Adams.","Both suits arose from contract disputes over lots in the city of Richmond acquired during Byrd's Lottery of 1767.","This contract suit contains three military service documents dated 1795 and signed by General \"Mad\" Anthony Wayne. Two of the soldiers were born in Paris, France.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Peyton Randolph.","A debt suit concerned with the care and keeping of an unnamed race horse.","An exhibit used in this debt suit is an account of medical care provided by Dr. James Currie to people enslaved by Alexander Buchanan.","The suit involved the division of a portion of George Wythe's estate. Included in the suit is a copy of George Wythe's will disinheriting George Wythe Sweeney, his nephew and alleged murderer.","A debt suit which revolved around an attempt to free Rebecca Glover, an enslaved woman. Overton attempted to raise money through subscription to purchase Glover and free her. Included in the suit are two copies of hand bills soliciting funds.","John Porter (alias Jack) was promised his freedom by John Allen. However, Allen disregarded this promise and sold Porter to Robert Stewart, a free man of color. Porter never referred to himself as enslaved, calling himself only \"a Black man;\" he also criticized Stewart for perpetrating unjust enslavement on a member of his own race.","Maria Smith, an enslaved woman, alleged she had a verbel contract with Nelson Vandevall, her enslaver, to purchase her freedom; she provided receipts for payments to that end. The suit was transferred to the Superior Court of Chancery in Richmond, who expressed a lack of support for people being enslaved by free people of color, but denied Smith's bill.","Nancy Bryan, an enslaved woman, alledged she had a contract with Johnson, her previous enslaver to purchase her freedom. However, when she had nearly paid the full amount, he sold her to James Austin, who took Bryan from D.C. to Richmond with the intention of further selling her. The court appeared to deny her injunction.","Richard Carter hired out Daniel and Sam, two enslaved boys, to William Patterson for the years of 1822 to 1823. However, after 1822, Carter refused to continue to allow Patterson to have the services of the two boys because of his physical abuse and rampant neglect for the boys. Patterson sued for breach of contract.","Orris Payne, in this debt suit, alleged to have been defrauded by Sully, an enslaved man purporting to be free, who had sold Payne a mule that then died. The payment for the mule was due in a quantity of coal from the Dover pits in Goochland County.","Milly Dorsy an enslaved woman who was purchased in Maryland. She alleged that she and Samuel S. Dawson had reached an agreement that she was to enslaved for nine years and then freed. At the time Dorsy filed her suit, she had served for three of the nine years before Dawson wanted to bring her down to Georgia to enslave Dorsy for life. She filed an injunction to enjoin Dawson from taking Dorsy to Georgia. The court dissolved the injunction and found in favor of Dawson.","This divorce suit provided detailed information about Susan Dunscomb (formerly Dean) was a free woman of color, who was emancipated by Major William Mosby. Included in the suit is an affidavit attesting to her emancipation which occurred \"on account of her long \u0026 truely [sic] faithful services patriculary in saving his life during the insurrection of the slaves, called Gabriels insurrection.\"","Mary Ann Brooks sued the executor of William Minton's estate to recover the funds from the hiring out of Peter Willis, Brooks' enslaved son. William Minton was the executor for Moses Brooks, Brooks' father, whose will required all of his grandchildren to be hired out for a period of ten years with the funds used to support their grandmother and aunts. After the ten years, the grandchildren were to be sent to a free state at the expense of the estate.","An unnamed woman enslaved by George W. Pollard had a $15 bond and was looking for someone to hire her for the year 1847. Michael Oneil initially agreed to hire her, but after he was told he would need to provide some money up front, refused. Pollard was issued a judgement stating that Michael Oneil owed him money for the hire of the unnamed woman, but Oneil claimed he had never retained her services and owed him nothing.","James G. Martin, a resident of Norfolk, alleged Peter, an enslaved boy who had a \"special and peculiar value to your orator which cannot be compensated by any mere money consideration\" to Martin was abudcted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond. Peter was later found in \"the possession of\" E.H. Stokes, a slave trader. Martin filed suit in order to obtain an injunction against the further sale and transport of Peter.","William H. Barnes alleged Emma Ellen, an enslaved woman had been abducted from Norfolk and brought to Richmond City to be sold by E.H. Stokes. Barnes sought an injunction against the further sale and transport of Emma Ellen.","The executor of John Archer's estate sought to have Henry and Abby, two enslaved people, sold at auction for fear of their attempting to escape to the Union Army. Abby had attempted to self-liberate several times previously, as had Henry, who was at the time of the bill filing, been confined in jail.","William H. Grant, the owner of a large tobacco factory, leased the building in 1861 to the Confederate Government to be used as a hospital. Grant was informed the building had been turned into a prison depot by General Winder, filled with prisoners of war, as well as a hospital for people of color at work building fortifications around the city. Grant reminded Winder of the terms of the lease agreement, which did not allow the building to be used for such purposes, Winder preceded to order the seizure of the property. Grant filed suit in the chancery court to restrain Winder from seizing the property.","Beverly had been formerly enslaved by Thomas Ritchie prior to Ritchie's death. In Ritchie's will, he wrote that Beverly would be free \"if he behaves well.\" Beverly alleged in his bill that he had been sold by the executor of the estate, William B. B. Cross unncessarily because Ritchie's estate had no debts which needed to be paid with the funds from the sale.","There was an dispute over the terms of emancipation for Ann Eliza and Zipporah, two girls enslaved by William P. Martin. Along with their emancipation, William P. Martin also awarded the girls a sum of money. The executor refused to properly settle the estate so an administrator was appointed.","Thomas Payne sued for divorce from Virginia Payne. Additional information provided in this suit includes Thomas' time as a prisoner of war at Point Lookout.","Margaret A. Stanley sued for divorce from Joseph Stanley due to his desire to attempt to have children with Margaret sister's because neither of them had children. Joseph also had an extreme case of syphilis.","A part of the estate dispute involved the court's permission in 1862 of the sale of four enslaved women because they \"are all young women of infamous character-Lewd, impudent, in governable and runaways.\"","This debt suit includes additional information on Walter Kilby's Civil War experience; he was wounded in the war and was taken as a prisoner of war. He returned home poor, disabled, and emaciated.","Lucinda Hunter filed for divorce from William Hunter because William was living with Evelina, an enslaved woman, as his wife.","Nancy Ellen Crowley filed for divorce from William Crowley because he committed adultery with a \"mulatto servant\" who was living in the house. Additional information included William Crowley's war experience; he was wounded during the war and taken to a hospital in D.C. to recorver.","John N. Davis, an attorney, sued Lurania Anderson and William Anderson, her husband, for legal fees related to a chancery suit heard in Amelia County. Nathaniel Harrison died in 1852 and devised his estate to Frankey Miles, a free woman of color, and Lurania Anderson, Ann Maria Jackson, and Edwin Harrison, who were rumored to be Miles' children by Harrison. Harrison's white heirs contested the will, but the court, and later the Supreme Court of Appeals, ruled in favor of Miles and her children. The estate included several thousand acres of land, 80 to 90 enslaved persons, and various household items, among other things. This suit originated in Amelia County in 1860, but was removed to Richmond City in 1869.","Divorce suit. John Jackson accused his wife of adultery. Bill and depositions provide substantial detail on the alleged adulterous relationship between Virginia Jackson and Clarence Eacho, including how the Plaintiff discovered about the affair first hand. (He came home and discovered Eacho sneaking out the window; a fight between the two ensued on the front lawn; neighbors give testimony to this). Plaintiff and defendant were formally enslaved but were married by Rev Dr Reid of the Presbyterian Church on 22nd November 1862.","Estate case. Plaintiffs requested the Chancery Court probate papers purporting to be the will of Alfred King. Suit should have been introduced on the law side of the court and the answers by defendants attest to this. Accordingly, the matter became an issue out of Chancery and a jury was consulted. Numerous arguments are submitted by counsel debating the fine line between equity and legality of the situation.","Divorce suit. A copy of indictment (Commonwealth vs Walter Blackburn; 14 Jan 1874) for adultery was entered as evidence. Depositions concern the details of the alleged adultery as well as the arrest of Blackburn for these charges.","Divorce suit. Husband is arrested by Richmond City Police for allegations of brutal domestic violence against his wife.  Two letters were entered into evidence; they contain overt admissions by the husband committing physical violence against her repeatedly.","Contract suit filled by a former guard of the Henrico County Jail for unpaid wages. A petition for unpaid wages was also filled by an African American women (Beddy Taylor) who had been employed as a cook for the jail. Depositions provide details on working conditions and duties of those employed by the sheriff and exhibits, commissioners' reports, accounts, etc. include a wealth of accounting information for the operation of the jail during the 1860s and 1870s. The sheriff's passbook for 1869 was also filled as an exhibit.","Estate case over the recovery value for enslaved persons belonging to the estate of Edward Govan. Relates to another case pending in Richmond City (Heirs of William John Clarke vs Exr of Edward Govan) that, at the time of the bill, had reached the Supreme Court of Appeals. Plaintiff claim that the executor, George W Richardson had these enslaved persons in his possession for a number of years; and had never render any accounting for them. Since the final degree in that case, the plaintiff discovered that Richardson had an additional enslaved person in his possession (Kitty or Catherine). Moreover, that this enslaved woman had died while in his possession and therefore, they believed that Richardson should be held financially responsible for her death. While this would have likely been a relatively standard Chancery cause prior to 1863/1865, this bill was filed in 1871 and appears to be one of the few cases filed in chancery for Richmond City that directly and exclusively focused on issues surrounding the financial interest of enslavement property after the Civil War.","Divorce Suit. Plaintiff Celestia E. McDaniel sues for a divorce from her husband, David McDaniel for allegedly seducing and impregnating her young niece, Celestia Frances Bryan.  \nOriginally, Bryan had come to reside with her aunt and uncle in Richmond when she was about eight years old as McDaniel had promised his brother-in-law that he would educate and provide for the young girl as an adopted daughter. Depositions from various family members recount in detail their personal views on the situation and on the course of events that came to pass before and after Bryan gave birth, as an unmarried woman and seventeen year old, to a child connected to McDaniel in June 1855.","Debt Case. R. T. Foster seeks relief from a petition filed against him in the Court of Conciliation, a militaty tribunial court in Richmond City established by the United States after the close of the Civil War. Case includes a copy of the court record for the proceedings in said court. It appears to be one of the few cases that had an sigificant overlap with said court.","This debt suit case involves the adopted son of Gilbert Hunt, William Beverly Swan. Swan is settling debts, but the case includes additional descriptions of Gilbert Hunt's life after the 1811 Richmond Theatre fire.","Trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church bought land to build a new church and Sunday school. They front the costs themselves and recoup the costs by selling the pews at a public auction, which thereby made members of the congregation owners of specific pews in the church. By 1872, the Church was considered unsafe due to being built on a hill which had a tunnel cut into it for the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad. The congregation abandoned the old church and sought to sell the land permanently to the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad Company, however because the pews were owned by congregation members, the trustees for the Third Presbyterian Church filed suit for the right to sell everything on the land, including the pews.","A divorce suit where Katherine sued for divorce on the grounds of Thomas' adultery. She lists sex workers he visited, as well as the brothel they all worked at. All of them women named were called as deponents and gave information on a well-known brothel, as well as occasional hints about their perspectives on their work. Also included is a petition about debts owed by Thomas and a request for the funds owed, a strange request for a divorce case.","Estate case; Family wishes to sell property in downtown Richmond City that they are unable to rent out and that has significantly depreciated in value. Prior to the close of the Civil war, said property served almost exclusively as an auction house on \"Wall Street\" (15th Street) and Franklin Street for the buying and selling of enslaved persons. Accouting records detail the construction of said building as well as the rents paid by trading firm/dealers, including Richard Henry Dickinson, as well as medical services rendered to enslaved persons.","The suit was based around settling of William Barret's estate among his heirs. William Barret was a wealthy merchant who made his money in chewing tobacco and retained much of his money post Civil War because he put his money in England rather than Confederate bonds.","The suit began as a trespass suit; the plaintiff filed suit because he owned an island in the James River and William Justis was trespassing on the land and carrying off tons of sand (presumably to sell for construction purposes), thereby decreasing the size of the island. However, the issue then becomes a question of ownership over the island because William Justis filed two exhibits which showed his claim for owernship: a gift of land given to him by Virginia Governor James L. Kemper. As the plaintiff had deeds of owernship showing he had purchased the land, the court had to decide who had the greater claim.","Has an interesting legal discussion about the rights of an heir to his estate because the original case was settled during the Civil War and he was an \"alien enemy,\" living in the North/West states and a member of the Union army.","Julia King asks the court to appoint  a guardian for her husband for financial transactions due to his failing memory. Depositions included in the case discuss what sounds like Alzheimer's developing.","The suit was concerned with the estate of James Hayes. After the death of Catharine Hayes, James' mother, her money and property was divided among her living heirs. James was determined, by the Richmond Court of Hustings, to be unable to care for himself due to an undefined disability. The suit described the financial and physical abuse James suffered at the hands of his carers, including being coerced into signing away the property he inherited from his mother.","An estate suit filed by John, Jacob, and Lucy Woodson, the stepchildren of William R. Chalkley. The children inherited property and money from their father after his death; upon Chalkley's marriage to the children's mother, he filed for and was appointed guardian over the funds. This suit was filed on behalf of the Woodson children for the mismanagement of the funds by Chalkley, including his own admission in a deposition to charging the children for room and board and taking the money out of their trust despite the children all being under the age of fourteen. The Woodson children's mother was unaware not only of her husband's mismanagement, but even that Chalkley had been appointed guardian.","Dora Holloway was a white woman who was left impoverished after her husband's death. She also had three young children to raise. The answer and depositions provide information on how she managed as a poor widow in pre-war Richmond.","The Richmond Railway Company, a transportation service in Richmond, sued Asher W. Garber, the proprietor of a omnibus transportation enterprise, for trespass and sought an injunction to prevent him from operating along the Richmond Railway Company's routes. They claimed that Garber's omnibuses drove on the Richmond Railway Company's rails and damaged the street around the rails, which the Richmond Railway Company was responsible for maintaining. The court ruled that Garber had the right to operate the omnibuses along the same routes, but the omnibuses had to avoid the Richmond Railway Company's rails.","Jane King moved to Richmond after the death of John M. McGowan, her brother, in 1874 and took charge of his ice house business. Under King's control, the business became more profitable and people began referring to her as the \"Ice Queen\" due in part to her business acumen. She and her family inhabited the Pace-King House in Shockoe Bottom for a time. This suit involves McGowan's estate and contains some records from the ice house business during the mid-to-late 1870s.","Erdmann Hoffmann sought a divorce from Anna Hoffmann, his wife. He accused Anna of drinking excessive amounts of liquor and committing adultery with two Black men. As part of the divorce suit, Erdmann requested custody of their children. The suit includes a decorative marriage certificate written in German.","This suit involves a dispute over cows. Peter V. Daniel, Jr., complained about cows kept on property owned by William D. Gibson, as trustee for A. R. Jenkins, wife of William A. Jenkins, located next door to Daniel's home at the intersection of Main Street and Adams Street. He bemoaned \"the extremely oppressive and unhealthy exhalations and odors\" eminating from the property and the loud bellowing of the cows, which sometimes persisted throughout the night. The court decreed that the cows should be removed from Jenkins' property.","Israel Brown sought a divorce from Sarah Brown, his wife, citing abandonment. It is mentioned that Sarah Brown was expelled from \"the Ebenezer Baptist Church (colored)\" for deserting her husband \"without giving any reason therefor [sic].\" Reverend Richard Wells of the Ebenezer Bapist Church is a deponent in the suit.","A deed included in the suit mentions Lucy, a girl enslaved by Samuel Ellis, who was \"convicted of homicide.\" A Richmond City commonwealth cause found through Virginia Untold reveals that Lucy was charged with \"maliciously kill[ing] and murder[ing] her infant child.\" The commonwealth cause contains a note stating that Lucy was convicted and sentenced to hang, but the deed states that Lucy was transported.","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","Injunction was refuted.  Challenges law put forth by General Assembly concerning a public ferry on the James River","This estate dispute includes touching letters to Lucy Taylor from her enslaved daughter and an older emancipated son about their respective experiences. Lucy Taylor's daughter was sold multiple times further down south: first North Carolina in 1846 then down to Alabama. The correspondence which amounts to 3 letters, were the last communication they were known to have had. Lucy herself had been formerly enslaved by the plaintiff's father--William C. Allen.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","This debt suit contains additional information about a catastrophic fire that occurred in West Point, Virginia.","Frank M. Howard and Susan Drayton,  both sang with the Richings Grand English Opera Company (also known as the Caroline Richings-Bernard Grand English Opera Troupe), and instituted a debt suit against the estate of Pierre Bernard in the Richmond City chancery court for salary owed. Pierre Bernard was the husband of Caroline Richings-Bernard, who led the opera troupe. The opera troupe traveled the United States and performed operas in English, thus appealing to the \"masses\" rather than upper class theatergoers who (tended) to prefer foreign-language operas.","This contract suit concerns a connecting tunnel between railroads.","This suit contains additional information about the manufacturing of tobacco for the US Navy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e\n"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":64,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T06:43:17.788Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06233"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Library of Virginia","value":"Library of Virginia","hits":46},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Library+of+Virginia"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Accomack County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1815-1863","value":"Accomack County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n1815-1863","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Accomack+County+%28Va.%29+Commonwealth+Causes%2C+%0A1815-1863\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bowman and Stroock Receipt Books, \n1865-1867","value":"Bowman and Stroock Receipt Books, \n1865-1867","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Bowman+and+Stroock+Receipt+Books%2C+%0A1865-1867\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clarkson Anderson and Company Ledger, \n1859-1867","value":"Clarkson Anderson and Company Ledger, \n1859-1867","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clarkson+Anderson+and+Company+Ledger%2C+%0A1859-1867\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Commonwealth Bank of Richmond Receivers' Cashbook, \n1913-1917","value":"Commonwealth Bank of Richmond Receivers' Cashbook, \n1913-1917","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Commonwealth+Bank+of+Richmond+Receivers%27+Cashbook%2C+%0A1913-1917\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fifth Street Baptist Church (Richmond, Va.) Membership List,                           \n1907","value":"Fifth Street Baptist Church (Richmond, Va.) Membership List,                           \n1907","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Fifth+Street+Baptist+Church+%28Richmond%2C+Va.%29+Membership+List%2C+++++++++++++++++++++++++++%0A1907\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"First National Bank Ledger, \n1871-1877","value":"First National Bank Ledger, \n1871-1877","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=First+National+Bank+Ledger%2C+%0A1871-1877\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Fredericksburg Lumber Company Stock Book, \n1910-1911","value":"Fredericksburg Lumber Company Stock Book, \n1910-1911","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Fredericksburg+Lumber+Company+Stock+Book%2C+%0A1910-1911\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Grace Street Baptist Church (Richmond, Va.) Board of Deacons Minutes,                          \n1880-1910","value":"Grace Street Baptist Church (Richmond, Va.) Board of Deacons Minutes,                          \n1880-1910","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Grace+Street+Baptist+Church+%28Richmond%2C+Va.%29+Board+of+Deacons+Minutes%2C++++++++++++++++++++++++++%0A1880-1910\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jacob Shook Daybook, \n1828-1832","value":"Jacob Shook Daybook, \n1828-1832","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Jacob+Shook+Daybook%2C+%0A1828-1832\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James Murphy Ledger, \n1859-1873","value":"James Murphy Ledger, \n1859-1873","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=James+Murphy+Ledger%2C+%0A1859-1873\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court"}},{"attributes":{"label":"James P. 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