{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court.%0A\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":20,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi04782","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Apprenticeship Indentures\n 1788-1884","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04782#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) 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","Freedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures ","In the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History:  Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of  Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Also known as the \"Freedmen's Bureau,\" this agency was responsible for aiding refugees of the Civil War, especially formerly enslaved people in the areas of education, employment, and health care. Meant to last for only one year after the war, the Bureau was largely operational from June 1865 to December 1868, and officially abolished in 1872. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFreedmen's Apprenticeship Indentures \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the fall of 1865, the Freedmen's Bureau assumed responsibility as the governing body for apprenticeship indentures and oversaw the binding out of children of formerly enslaved people to indenture holders. Although these contracts were generated by the federal government, a few localities retained possession and they were filed in the courthouse as Freedmen's Bureau records. 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They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History:  Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.","Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of  Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n 1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records,\n 1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:","Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands ","On March 3, 1865, the federal government created The Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands using the Freedmen's Bureau Bill. 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They typically contain the name of the person or institution binding out, the person to whom bound, the name of the person being indentured, the length of the apprenticeship, and the responsibilities of the person taking on the indenture.","Locality History:  Locality History: Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of  Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands Records, 1866, consist of  Freedmen's Bureau Apprenticeship Indentures, 1866.\n","These Apprenticeship Indentures record the binding of emancipated Black and multiracial children to individuals for the purpose of learning a trade. They are contractual agreements between the indenture holder and agents of the Freedmen's Bureau. They stipulate the amount the indenture holder agreed to pay to the Freedmen's Bureau in exchange for the child to be bound to them by the Freedmen's Bureau; length of apprenticeship; and a statement of the obligations and responsibilities of each party. Information found in the apprenticeship indentures include names of the indenture holder and Freedmen's Bureau agents, bond amount, date of indenture, names and age of the apprentice, and name of trade."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:15:05.559Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04787"}},{"id":"vi_vi02998","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.). Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02998","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02998","_root_":"vi_vi02998","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02998.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891",".","This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848","Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n","Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Powhatan County in 2011. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["27 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["27 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content \n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Record Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02998","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02998","_root_":"vi_vi02998","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02998","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02998.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891",".","This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848","Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.","Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n","Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1788-1891"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Powhatan County in 2011. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["27 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["27 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864\u003c/item\u003e \n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Samuel B. and Francis O. Drake Blotter, 1840-1845 Series II: Cardozo, Oldner, and Company Sales Books, 1845-1846 Series III: John F. Cox Account Book, 1849-1859 Series IV: William Campbell Scott Journal, 1842-1864 Series V: Davis General Store Daybook and Ledger, 1830-1834 Series VI: Elbert Mosby Tavern Account Books, 1837-1839 Series VII: John M. Stratton Daybook and Ledger, 1853-1854 Series VIII: Milton P. Atkinson and Company Ledger, 1829-1831 Series IX: Scott, Skipwith, and Cardozo Daybook and Ledger, 1854-1856 Series X: Unidentified Blacksmith Ledger, 1852-1855 Series XI: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1891 Series XII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook and Ledger, 1804-1807 Series XIII: Unidentified Merchant Daybook, 1806-1807 Series XIV: Forlines and Harris Account Book, 1853-1856 Series XV: Henry W. Whitlock and Son Daybooks and Ledger, 1839-1846 Series XVI: George W. Williams Journal and Ledger, 1845-1848"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information \n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \nBusiness records, volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers.  These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safekeeping by business owners.  In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit.  These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.  Its area is 272 square miles, and the county seat is Powhatan."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content \n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Business Records, 1788-1891, is comprised of various records created by individuals and companies is pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Powhatan County (Va.).  Represented records largerly consists of bound volumes such as ledgers, account box, daybooks, account books and journals.  \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia; State Record Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia; State Record Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":43,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:00.399Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02998"}},{"id":"vi_vi02418","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02418","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02418","_root_":"vi_vi02418","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02418.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images.","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County (Va.) in 2004 under accession number 41545. ","Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2009 under accession number 44158 and as part of an undated accession. ","Additional records were purchased by LVA from a private collector in 2018 under accession number 52315. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003e Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:53:35.618Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02418","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02418","_root_":"vi_vi02418","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02418","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02418.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)","75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images.","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes,\n 1782-1951 (bulk 1822-1913)"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County (Va.) in 2004 under accession number 41545. ","Additional records were transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2009 under accession number 44158 and as part of an undated accession. ","Additional records were purchased by LVA from a private collector in 2018 under accession number 52315. "],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["75.75 cubic feet (162 boxes); Digital images."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically. \n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext of Record type:\u003c/title\u003e Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/title\u003e Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories.\n","Locality History:  Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1782-1951 consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \n"," These records contain one box of \"Orphan Chancery.\" These records contain parts, often single items, of chancery causes which could not be further identified as belonging to a certain case."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":1,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:53:35.618Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02418"}},{"id":"vi_vi05017","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05017","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05017","_root_":"vi_vi05017","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05017.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007619199\n"],"text":["0007619199\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881","African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.","Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007619199\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:00:39.477Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05017","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05017","_root_":"vi_vi05017","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05017","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05017.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007619199\n"],"text":["0007619199\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881","African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County.",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.","Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007619199\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1850-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History.","Women--History.","Indictments--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Verdicts--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly passed a law to suppress the manumissions of slaves by tying emancipation with deportation. The law stated that all emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year would forfeit their right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan county (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1850-1881, are criminal court cases and indictments handed down by grand juries in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. The majority of the commonwealth causes involve Free African Americans indicted for remaining in the Commonweath more than one year. One commonwealth cause is a murder case that involves individuals associated with the Ku Klux Klan.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:00:39.477Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05017"}},{"id":"vi_vi05614","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05614","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05614","_root_":"vi_vi05614","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05614","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05614.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"text":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934","16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:37:50.518Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05614","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05614","_root_":"vi_vi05614","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05614","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05614.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"text":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934","16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.","Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1049876-1049949 circa,1119391- 1178743 circa, 1186818-1188799, 0007326978\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records\n 1770-1934"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["16.1 cu.ft. (34 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Fiduciary Records, 1770-1934, include miscellaneous records filed in a local court by trustees, administrators, executors, guardians, and committees that related to the performance of their duties managing a person's estate. These records typically include the following; bonds, appraisements, audits, inventories, accounts, estate divisions, settlements, dowery records, etc. Information related to enslaved people are commonly found in these records. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":16,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:37:50.518Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05614"}},{"id":"vi_vi02258","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:06:13.793Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02258","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02258","_root_":"vi_vi02258","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02258","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02258.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n","Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177495, 1188800-1188802\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records,    \n 1780-1866"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court records from Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slavery--Law and legislation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Emancipation--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Affidavits--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Agreements--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Articles of apprenticeship--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Bills of sale--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Deeds--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Fiduciary records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro and slave records--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro lists--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free negro registers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Free papers--Virginia--Powhatan County. \n","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Petitions--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n","Tax and fiscal records--Virginia--Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1.80 cu. ft. (4 boxes)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","An act passed by the Virginia legislature in 1803 required every free negro or mulatto to be registered and numbered in a book to be kept by the county clerk.\n","An act passed in 1806 required freed slaves to leave the state within a year.","The General Assembly of Virginia passed a law as early as July 1, 1861, calling for the enrollment of free negroes to work in the public service.\n","Beginning in 1778, slaveholders who brought slaves into Virginia were required to register the slaves with the county court and sign an oath agreeing not to bring slaves into the commonwealth with the intent of selling them.\n","In 1806, the General Assembly moved to remove the free negro population from Virginia with a law that stated that any emancipated slaves, freed after May 1, 1806, who remained in the Commonwealth more than a year, would forfeit the right to freedom and be sold by the Overseers of the Poor for the benefit of the parish. Families wishing to stay were to petition the legislature through the local county court. Beginning in 1837, freed slaves could petition the local courts for permission to remain. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFree negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Free Negro and Slave Records, 1780-1866. The collection is comprised of free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates, 1798-1866; and additional free negro and slave records, 1780-1865. Some items are photocopies of documents relating to slaves and free negroes that were located in other Powhatan court records.\n","Free negro registrations, affidavits, and certificates include name, sometimes age and a brief physical description, and the circumstances of the person's freedom or emancipation. If born free, reference is sometimes made to parents. If emancipated, the emancipating owner, place and date of emancipation, and prior registration as a free negro are usually mentioned.\n","Additional free negro and slave records consist of: free negro lists (1801, 1805, 1811, 1812-1823, 1833-1857); lists of free negroes delinquent on taxes (1818-1854); petitions of free negroes to remain in Virginia (1816-1852); miscellaneous petitions of free negroes, including petition of Frank to keep a gun (1818; revoked 1831), motion of Bob to register as a free man (1851), petition of Judith Collins for reenslavement (1858), and petition to provide funds to remove emancipated infants to a free state (1860); papers regarding free negroes requisitioned for public use (1861-1863); certificates of importation of slaves (1870, 1814); certificates of non-importation of slaves (1817); order for removing Bradby's Rachel from the county (1824); warrants of commitment as runaways (1830-1847); agreements to hire slaves (1812-1814); bills of sale and deeds of gift of slaves (1810-1868); bond between Wood and Jordan to free slaves Peter and Jane at the age of 30 years (1850); deeds of emancipation (1798-1807, 1818-1853); fiduciary records pertaining to slave property (1809-1853); papers relating to free negro apprentices (1809-1855); list of taxable property, slaves of William Ronalds (1789); order to place on the poor list Jack belonging to the estate of Peter F. Archer (1825); order exempting 7 slaves of Richmond and Danville Railroad from taxation (1857); recognizance to answer charge of permitting slave to go at large (1861); receipt for Wait Cole and Rachel his wife, free negroes, for taxes (1816).\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":4,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:06:13.793Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02258"}},{"id":"vi_vi02856","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02856","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02856","_root_":"vi_vi02856","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02856.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1123740\n"],"text":["1123740\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872","African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1 v.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1123740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUntil 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:57:51.595Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02856","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02856","_root_":"vi_vi02856","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02856","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02856.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1123740\n"],"text":["1123740\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872","African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","1 v.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1123740\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, \n 1850-1872"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This volume came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage certificates--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage licenses--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Ministers' returns--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Registers (lists)--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 v."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUntil 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added on 16 March 1850. The county was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level. Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage. Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years. The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service. Once the service was performed, the minister submitted a return to the county clerk. The county clerk recorded these returns along with other marriage records, such as bonds, certificates and licenses, in a marriage register.\n","Until 1780, marriages could be performed only by ministers of the Established Church, who were required by law to record marriages in the parish register. In 1780, dissenting ministers (only four per county from each sect) were permitted to perform marriage ceremonies. In order to have a record of all marriages, ministers were required to sign a certificate to be filed with the county clerk. Initially, ministers sent marriage certificates to the clerk every three months. Some ministers adopted a custom of making collected returns--a list of marriages performed within a period of time such as a year or several years. Beginning in 1784, marriage certificates were returned annually. The law was rarely enforced, and ministers' returns were sometimes late, incorrect, incomplete and in many instances, not made at all. County clerks used these returns and other original records to compile volumes.\n","The original marriage licenses and marriage certificates, from which this volume was compiled, were created by the County Clerk.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes.  Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage License Register and Marriage Certificates, 1850-1872, is divided into two separate and distinct volumes. One side contains a register of marriage licenses from 1850 to 1872. This register records all marriage licenses issued by the county court clerk during the mid-nineteenth century. The information kept by the clerk contains the day, month and year when the license was issued, the full name of the intended groom and the full name of the intended bride. The clerk would then note the intended groom's race (only if he was a free person of color), the bride's condition (daughter of or widow of) and the race of the intended bride (only if she was a free person of color.) Licenses issued both to Free African Americans and African Americans are noted throughout the volume. Only the first thirty pages of the volume are numbered. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume . Entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. Therefore, surnames found in the unnumbered pages of the volume are not found in the internal index.\n","The other side of the volume contains information from marriage certificates. These certificates, 1850-1854, were compiled by the county court clerk from returns made by individual ministers within the county. As part of the return process, ministers filed marriage certificates with the county clerk. These signed documents certified that a minister had performed the actual marriage ceremony between the named individuals on a certain date. The name of the minister and sometimes the minister's denomination were recorded. These certificates, sometimes in the form of lists, noted the names of both parties and their date of marriage. This volume is the continuation of a previous volume which noted ministers' returns in the county from 1820 to 1850. There is an internal index (A-W) found in the front of the volume. Like the other side, entries are arranged by the first letter of either the bride or groom's surname as the name appears according to the page number of the volume. However, all pages are numbered (14) and the index is complete. Information collected after 1854 became part of the statewide indexes of Birth, Marriage and Death registers arranged by counties and cities and found in the Library of Virginia's collections.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Powhatan County (Va.) County Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:57:51.595Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02856"}},{"id":"vi_vi01531","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections. The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance. Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\" \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi01531#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi01531","ead_ssi":"vi_vi01531","_root_":"vi_vi01531","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi01531","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi01531.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"text":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853","Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County.","4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies.  Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations.","Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n","Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County.  The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level.  Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.  \n","Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections.  The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance.  Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","The second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister.  Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place.  In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance.  Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206.  Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister.  Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209.  From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n","An Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index.  This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties.  Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1146796-1146797, 1123739, 1123741\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Marriage Register and Index, \n 1777-1853"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["The original volumes were compiled by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original court records found in the Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court Clerk's Office.  The microfilm copy of these records was generated by The Genealogical Society of Utah--while filming on-site at the Library of Virginia.\n","The negative photostatic copies were created by the Virginia State Library's (now the Library of Virginia) Archives Division from the original compilations.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Christian sects--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Clergy--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Indexes (reference sources)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Marriage registers--Virginia--Powhatan County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 vol. (600 p.) Barcode numbers 1146796-1146797 are negative photostatic copies.  Barcode numbers 1123739 and 1123741 are original compilations."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by day, month and year of marriage bond or date of marriage with exceptions noted.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County.  The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level.  Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was formed in 1777 from Cumberland County.  The county was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.\n","Prior to 1853, when the Commonwealth began recording vital statistics, Virginia marriages were recorded at the county or city level.  Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.  \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections.  The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance.  Spanning the period 1802-1853 (pages 48-162), there are twenty-free entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second section covering pages 164-197, 1799-1853, records the date of the marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister.  Entries on pages 196-197, 1853, also include such additional information as the age of the parties, the names of their parents, the status of the parties, the occupation of the husband and where the marriage ceremony took place.  In addition, this section includes entries from 1850-1853 (pages 199-205) which record the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties and the names of the parents or witnesses in attendance.  Undated marriage bonds which record the names of both parties and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance are noted on page 206.  Entries from pages 207-208, 1836-1839, record the date of marriage, the names of both parties, the minister's name and the religious denomination of the minister.  Ministers' ordination bonds are found on page 209.  From 1844-1853 (pages 192-205), there are 6 entries for marriages between \"free persons of color.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn Index to Marriage Records, 1777-1853, is a separate index.  This typescript index is arranged alphabetically from A-Y by the last and first names of both parties.  Alternate spellings of last names are included with a \"see also\" reference following the standard spelling.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Marriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections.  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Beginning in 1661, in order to be married by license, the groom was required to go before the county clerk and give bond with security that there was no lawful reason to prevent the marriage.  The license, issued then by the clerk, was given to the minister who performed the service.  Written consent from a parent or guardian was needed for individuals younger than twenty-one years.  \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMarriage Register, 1777-1853, is essentially divided into two sections.  The first section covering pages 1-163, 1777-1853, records the date of the marriage bond, the names of both parties, the names of the parents or guardians present and the names of the security or witnesses in attendance.  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