{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Powhatan+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=3\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":22,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03163","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03163#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03163#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03163#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03163","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03163","_root_":"vi_vi03163","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03163","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03163.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1050072\n"],"text":["1050072\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926","Public records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Powhatan County","1 box","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1050072\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Public records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Powhatan County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Public records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Powhatan County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["1 box"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:29.377Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03163","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03163","_root_":"vi_vi03163","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03163","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03163.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1050072\n"],"text":["1050072\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926","Public records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Powhatan County","1 box","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1050072\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n 1843-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1843-1926, consist of birth and death records.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:29.377Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03163"}},{"id":"vi_vi02520","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n 1852-1870","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02520#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02520#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Powhatan County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1852-1859 and 1860-1870. The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those moved to the poor house and the burial of the deceased. At the end of the volume, Minutes 1852-1870, are accounts for the years 1853-1856 and 1859. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02520#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02520","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02520","_root_":"vi_vi02520","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02520","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02520.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n 1852-1870\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n 1852-1870\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1123459, 1123462\n"],"text":["1123459, 1123462\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor Minutes,\n 1852-1870","Almshouses--Virginia--Powhatan County","Apprentices--Virginia--Powhatan County","Poor--Virginia--Powhatan County","Public welfare--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Minutes--Virginia--Powhatan County","2 v.","Chronological\n","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the native inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century.  It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added later.\n","In 1780 the Virginia General Assembly replaced the Anglican vestries and churchwardens of the colonial period with elected bodies called Overseers of the Poor. The Overseers provided food, clothing, shelter, and medical treatment for the persons who were too poor to support themselves or too ill to provide for their basic needs. The Overseers took over the supervision of the poorhouses and workhouses built by the vestries and built new poorhouses and workhouses where they were needed. \n","The Powhatan County (Va.) Board of the Overseer of the Poor Minutes are two volumes dated 1852-1859 and 1860-1870. The minutes give the names of people receiving financial support, food, and clothing, as well as those moved to the poor house and the burial of the deceased. At the end of the volume, Minutes 1852-1870, are accounts for the years 1853-1856 and 1859.\n","Found in the volume, Minutes 1860-1870, is a page torn from the book. There ia a list of people on the page. \n","State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1123459, 1123462\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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There ia a list of people on the page. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center - Archives Annex, Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Board of Overseers of the Poor","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:02:57.605Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02520"}},{"id":"vi_vi04778","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) 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See Virginia Acts of Assembly, 1866-1867, Chapter 18, An act to amend and re-enact the 14th section of chapter 108 of the Code of Virginia for 1860, in regard to registers of marriage; and to legalize the marriages of colored persons now cohabiting as husband and wife. \n","The federal Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands directed the Assistant Superintendents of the states to order the county clerks to make a registry of such cohabiting couples. See Circular No. 11, dated 19 March 1866, in Orders, Circulars, Circular Letters, and Letters of Instruction, vol. 2 (1866). Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands, Records of the Assistant Commissioner for the State of Virginia, 1865-1869. Miscellaneous reel 3880, Library of Virginia. 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Photolab number 11_0922_002-004."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Powhatan County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Correspondence -- Virginia -- Powhatan County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 p."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Virginia legislature passed an act on 27 February 1866 to legalize the marriages of former slaves who had been cohabiting as of that date. 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National Archives microfilm M1048 (reel 41), Record Group 105. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn act of the General Assembly passed 1867 April 29 instructed the clerks of the county courts of Virginia to receive United States Registers of Marriages of Colored Persons and safely keep the same for future reference.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Virginia legislature passed an act on 27 February 1866 to legalize the marriages of former slaves who had been cohabiting as of that date. 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National Archives microfilm M1048 (reel 41), Record Group 105. \n","An act of the General Assembly passed 1867 April 29 instructed the clerks of the county courts of Virginia to receive United States Registers of Marriages of Colored Persons and safely keep the same for future reference.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) 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Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:18:08.313Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04778"}},{"id":"vi_vi03383","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God. Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known. If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased. Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03383","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03383","_root_":"vi_vi03383","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03383.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007308135\n"],"text":["0007308135\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007308135\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:03:21.385Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03383","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03383","_root_":"vi_vi03383","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03383","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03383.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007308135\n"],"text":["0007308135\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904","African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County",".35 cu. ft. (1 box)","Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n","Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007308135\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1777-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court records from Powhatan County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--History","Coroners--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death--Causes--Virginia--Powhatan County","Free African Americans--Virginia--Powhatan County","Infanticide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder--Investigation--Virginia--Powhatan County","Murder victims--Virginia--Powhatan County","Slaveholders--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Slaves--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Suicide--Virginia--Powhatan County","Women--Virginia--Powhatan County","Death records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan County","Reports--Virginia--Powhatan County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".35 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court. Some coroners' inquisitions were found in unprocessed Powhatan court records and interfiled in April 2023. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater region of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \n","The separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office is to hold inquisitions in cases when persons meet sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance.  The coroner would summon a jury to assist him in determining cause of death.  Prior to November 1877, the jurors numbered twelve.  Between November 1877 and March 1926, the jurors numbered six.  The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses.  The coroner was required to write down witness testimony.  After seeing and hearing the evidence, the jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition.  After March 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death.  He could require physicians to assist him with determing cause of death.  If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner was to deliver the guilty person to the sheriff and the coroners' inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1777-1904, are investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance.  Causes of death found in coroners' inquisitions include murder, infanticide, suicide, domestic violence, exposure to elements, drownings, train accidents, automobile accidents, and natural causes, or as commonly referred to in the 19th century, visitation by God.  Documents commonly found in coroners' inquests include the inquisition, depositions, and summons.  Criminal papers such as recognizance bonds can be found in coroner inquisitions.  Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death.  If the deceased was African American, the inquest would identify the deceased as a slave or free person if known.  If the deceased was a slave, the inquest would include, if known, the name of the slaveowner and the slaveowner's residence.  Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent and his or her account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.  Slaves were deponents in coroner investigations. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":9,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:03:21.385Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03383"}},{"id":"vi_vi02408","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02408#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02408#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02408#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02408","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02408","_root_":"vi_vi02408","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02408","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02408.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177668\n"],"text":["1177668\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857","Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County.","4 p.","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n","These records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177668\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 p."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n","These records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:40.933Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02408","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02408","_root_":"vi_vi02408","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02408","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02408.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177668\n"],"text":["1177668\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857","Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County.","4 p.","Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n","These records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177668\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1847-1857"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Replevin--Virginia.","Judicial records--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Powhatan County.","Local government records--Virginia--Powhatan  County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 p."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Powhatan County was named for the Indian chieftain who ruled the Native American inhabitants of tidewater Virginia in the early seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield was added later.\n","These records was replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Court Records, 1847-1857. The collection contains two letters removed from Powhatan County court records: a letter from William C. Brazeal to Joseph L. Noble, 1847 May 17, regarding payment of a debt; and a letter from C.P. Davis to Willis J. Dance, 1857 Nov. 5, regarding settlement of the estate of Thomas Pettus.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:40.933Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02408"}},{"id":"vi_vi04777","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04777#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04777#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04777#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04777","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04777","_root_":"vi_vi04777","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04777","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04777.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849","Arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. ","Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.","Significant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.","Significant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:02:57.605Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi04777","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04777","_root_":"vi_vi04777","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04777","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04777.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"text":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849","Arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. ","Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.","Significant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1820-1849"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSignificant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1820-1849 primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 1st Virginia Regiment, 5th Virginia Regiment, 10th Virginia Regiment, Virginia Regiment of Dragoons, Class No. 2 Virginia militia, Amherst County militia, Chesterfield County militia, Powhatan County militia, Prince Edward County militia, and the Virginia militia in general.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Camden, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, and the Siege of Yorktown.","Significant materials in this collection include the pension declaration of a free Black soldier, Reuben Bird."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:02:57.605Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04777"}},{"id":"vi_vi05143","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05143#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05143#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05143#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05143","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05143","_root_":"vi_vi05143","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05143","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05143.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1173938\n"],"text":["1173938\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904","The folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","For historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1173938\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County circuit court. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45cf"],"extent_tesim":[".45cf"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","For historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:04.012Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05143","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05143","_root_":"vi_vi05143","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05143","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05143.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1173938\n"],"text":["1173938\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904","The folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","For historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1173938\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1810-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Powhatan County circuit court. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45cf"],"extent_tesim":[".45cf"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["The folders of Mental Health Records are arranged alphabetically, then chronologically where needed. Smallpox Epidemic Records are arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","For historical information regarding mental health hospitals and facilities referenced in this collection,see agency histories for Eastern State Hospital (Va.), Western State Hospital (Va.), and Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","By 1792, Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of inoculation. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1810-1904 consist of three folders of Mental Health Records and one folder of Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records contain commitment papers, which may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital. Mental hospitals and facilities operating as such may be referenced throughout this collection, namely Eastern Lunatic Asylum, Western Lunatic Asylum, and Central Lunatic Asylum (Petersburg). Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Many individuals are persons of color. The earliest item is of Samuel Coy, a free person of color, recommended to the Asylum at Williamsburg in 1810. Other items of interest include Thomas A. Taylor's 1820 estate inventory with 16 named enslaved people and the records of Mary Gills between 1875 and 1877. She spent over a year confined as a lunatic in the local jail, where she died in March 1877. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records pertain to events and outbreaks in 1838, 1882, and 1894. Records for March 1838 reference the sheriff collecting for costs of care of smallpox patients who were either free persons of color or enslaved persons hospitalized between January and March at either Fine Creek Armory or the house of Rachel Cole, who was a free person of color. Magistrate reports contain insightful comments regarding vaccination. In September 1882, a suspected smallpox outbreak was determined to have been the result of a spider bite. A March 1894 smallpox outbreak near Clayville is also documented. Mattie Trent, an employee of Powhatan Clay works, had been diagnosed and quarantined, as were others to whom she had been exposed. Most employees were then vaccinated, and others were scheduled to be vaccinated by Dr. St. J. Oppenhimer after the date of the report. \n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:59:04.012Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05143"}},{"id":"vi_vi03290","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03290#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03290#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03290#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03290","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03290","_root_":"vi_vi03290","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03290","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03290.xml","title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853\n"],"title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007283309 and 0007283311\n"],"text":["0007283309 and 0007283311\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853","Civil procedure -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Coal trade -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Dams -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Eminent domain -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Railroad companies -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Architectural drawings (visual works) -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Decisions -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Judicial records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Local government records -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","Plats -- Virginia -- Powhatan County.","1.00 cu. ft.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Powhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. The county seat is Powhatan.\n","Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), 1839-1853, consist of judgments related to the taking of private property for the construction of railroad lines through the power of eminent domain. The plaintiffs in these suits were Etna Coal Comapany and Richmond and Danville Railroad Company. The suits include plats of the property in controversy. The collection includes a suit in which plaintiff sought to recover damages done to his property due to the construction of a dam by the defendant. The suit includes a drawing of the dam.\n","","Library of Virginia\n","Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007283309 and 0007283311\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Condemnations), \n 1839-1853"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) 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The suit includes a drawing of the dam.\n"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"/\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.). Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:22.651Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03290"}},{"id":"vi_vi03291","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Powhatan County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), \n 1807-1844","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03291#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Powhatan County (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSlaves sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of slaveowner(s) to abide by the 1778 slave nonimportation act (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by slaveowner(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. It was formed from Cumberland County in 1777, and part of Chesterfield County was added in 1850. 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Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of slaves and slaveowners identified in suit as well as whether slave(s) won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include slave's argument for freedom, acquisition of slaves by slaveowners, slave ancestry, and relationship between slaves and slaveowners.\n","Judgments (Freedom Suits) are useful when researching local history and genealogical information, particularly for African Americans. 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Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04776#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1796-1910, consist of militia papers and pension records. Militia papers include militia officer orders, 1818-1826, militia officer qualifications, certifications and commissions, 1796-1833, and miscellaneous records such as militia lists, delinquent militia fines, claims and disbursements, 1799-1864, including a letter from Captain W. I. Dance stationed near Fredericksburg during the Civil War. He expressed his gratitude to the citizens of Powhatan County for the tobacco and shoes they mailed to his company. 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Military and Pension Records, \n 1796-1910"],"collection_title_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1796-1910"],"collection_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1796-1910"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Powhatan County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".30 cu.ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePowhatan County was named for the paramount chief of the Powhatan Indians in the tidewater of Virginia in the late sixteenth and early years of the seventeenth century. 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Dance stationed near Fredericksburg during the Civil War. He expressed his gratitude to the citizens of Powhatan County for the tobacco and shoes they mailed to his company. Pension records consist of applications for aid, pensions, and artificial limbs, 1877-1884, and Confederate Pension Board Records, 1900-1910.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Powhatan County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1796-1910, consist of militia papers and pension records. Militia papers include militia officer orders, 1818-1826, militia officer qualifications, certifications and commissions, 1796-1833, and miscellaneous records such as militia lists, delinquent militia fines, claims and disbursements, 1799-1864, including a letter from Captain W. I. Dance stationed near Fredericksburg during the Civil War. He expressed his gratitude to the citizens of Powhatan County for the tobacco and shoes they mailed to his company. 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