{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Northumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Northumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Northumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":17,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi03256","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03256#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03256#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) 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The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n","The four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.","Although the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  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The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 13, 1813, Lieutenant Richard Claughton and two other members of the 37th regiment, Virginia militia began a journey from Northumberland County in order to deliver two British prisoners of war to General Andrew Moore in the city of Richmond. The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n","The four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.","Although the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond, 1814, consists of receipts and a report, which detail the costs incurred while transporting British prisoners of war from Northumberland County to the city of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) 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Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814               \n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814               \n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1182759\n"],"text":["1182759\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814","Prisoners of war--Virginia--Northumberland County","Public records--Virginia--Northumberland County ","Expense reports--Virginia--Northumberland County","Local government records--Virginia--Northumberland County","Receipts--Virginia--Northumberland County","0.1 cu. ft.","On April 13, 1813, Lieutenant Richard Claughton and two other members of the 37th regiment, Virginia militia began a journey from Northumberland County in order to deliver two British prisoners of war to General Andrew Moore in the city of Richmond. The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n","The four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.","Although the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers.","Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond, 1814, consists of receipts and a report, which detail the costs incurred while transporting British prisoners of war from Northumberland County to the city of Richmond.","Library of Virginia\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Richard Claughton","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1182759\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond,                                                      \n 1814"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) 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The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["On April 13, 1813, Lieutenant Richard Claughton and two other members of the 37th regiment, Virginia militia began a journey from Northumberland County in order to deliver two British prisoners of war to General Andrew Moore in the city of Richmond. The prisoners, James Lucas and William Jones were sailors from HMS Saint Domingo, which only ten days earlier had taken part in a naval battle between British and American forces in the Chesapeake Bay.\n","The four day, round-trip journey from their base in Northumberland County to Richmond and back again to Northumberland County was recorded in the receipts and expense report submitted by Lt. Claughton. These receipts chronicle the out-of-pocket expenses incurred by Claughton as well as what ferry crossings the party used, where they lodged, and what provisions they purchased and who they bought them from. In all, Claughton paid $31.69 for the men's food, horse fodder, sleeping quarters, and whisky rations.","Although the military refused to compensate Claughton, the Northumberland County government eventually reimbursed him 11 months later.","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Account of Expenses in Conveying British Prisoners to Richmond, 1814, consists of receipts and a report, which detail the costs incurred while transporting British prisoners of war from Northumberland County to the city of Richmond.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) 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Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04071#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950), consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04071#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04071","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04071","_root_":"vi_vi04071","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04071","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04071.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950)\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950)\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950)"],"text":["Northumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950)","Digital images; 64.2 cubic feet (141 boxes)","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n","Arrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context of Record type:  Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n","Locality History:  Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.\n","Lost Locality Note:  Created about 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk’s office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Northumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950), consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. 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According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. 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Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950), consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. 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Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1759-1980 (bulk 1902-1950), consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. 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In December 1814, the United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent which was ratified by Congress in February 1815 and officially ended the war.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAs part of this treaty, England agreed to turn over to their American owners those slaves who had escaped to or been taken by British forces during the war.  However, instead of returning these individuals, the British government eventually chose to monetarily compensate the slave owners.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Due to various grievences such as the impressment of American sailors into the British Navy, the United States government declared war on Great Britian in June 1812. In December 1814, the United States and Great Britain signed the Treaty of Ghent which was ratified by Congress in February 1815 and officially ended the war.","As part of this treaty, England agreed to turn over to their American owners those slaves who had escaped to or been taken by British forces during the war.  However, instead of returning these individuals, the British government eventually chose to monetarily compensate the slave owners.\n","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Citizens' Claims of Property Lost to British Army, 1815, includes inventories made by citizens of Northumberland County that record a listing of the slaves they claimed were taken by the British military between 1812 and 1814. Information found in the inventories include the slaves' names, value, age, occupation, date they escaped or were taken, and name of the individual making the claim. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Citizens' Claims of Property Lost to British Army, 1815, includes inventories made by citizens of Northumberland County that record a listing of the slaves they claimed were taken by the British military between 1812 and 1814. Information found in the inventories include the slaves' names, value, age, occupation, date they escaped or were taken, and name of the individual making the claim. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) 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Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02641#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02641","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02641","_root_":"vi_vi02641","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02641.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007813844\n"],"text":["0007813844\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909",".45 cu. ft.","Chronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007813844\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:00:47.503Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02641","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02641","_root_":"vi_vi02641","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02641","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02641.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007813844\n"],"text":["0007813844\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909",".45 cu. ft.","Chronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007813844\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, \n 1800, 1859-1898, 1909"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronologically by year, but unprocessed and not arranged within years.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Commonwealth Causes, 1800, 1859-1898, 1909 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, and indictments handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from assault and battery to larceny. Some 1860 causes reference enslaved people arrested for being \"at large,\" as well as cases involving enslaved or free persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:00:47.503Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02641"}},{"id":"vi_vi06752","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06752#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06752#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06752#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06752","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06752","_root_":"vi_vi06752","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06752","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06752.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896",".","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:   The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. ","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Northumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) 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Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a 2007 transfer of court records from Northumberland County under the accession number 43487.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eThe county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:   The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Northumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:28:42.450Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06752","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06752","_root_":"vi_vi06752","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06752","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06752.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":[""],"text":["","Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896",".","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:   The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. ","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Northumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":[""],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, \n 1794-1896"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a 2007 transfer of court records from Northumberland County under the accession number 43487.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1794-1896, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003eThe county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  \nA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\n","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:   The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Northumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1794-1896, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003e\n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":[""],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:28:42.450Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06752"}},{"id":"vi_vi06415","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06415#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06415#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06415#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06415","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06415","_root_":"vi_vi06415","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06415","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06415.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"text":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,  arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:    Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:    The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,  arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003e The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:    Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:    The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:34:58.546Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06415","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06415","_root_":"vi_vi06415","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06415","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06415.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"text":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,  arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:    Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:    The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.","Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1822"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822,  arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLost Locality Note:  \u003c/title\u003e The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:    Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county seat is Heathsville.","Lost Locality Note:    The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on 25 October 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1822, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in the 2nd Virginia Regiment, Light Infantry and to have been present at the Battle of Camden."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:34:58.546Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06415"}},{"id":"vi_vi02644","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02644#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02644#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02644#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02644","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02644","_root_":"vi_vi02644","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02644.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1182758-1182759\n"],"text":["1182758-1182759\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","0.2 cu. ft.","Chronological\n","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n","Northumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","Library of Virginia \n","Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1182758-1182759\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.2 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia \n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia \n"],"names_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:32.745Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02644","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02644","_root_":"vi_vi02644","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02644","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02644.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1182758-1182759\n"],"text":["1182758-1182759\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","0.2 cu. ft.","Chronological\n","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n","Northumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","Library of Virginia \n","Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1182758-1182759\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Deeds, \n circa 1787-1921"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Land records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.2 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland (Va.) Deeds, circa 1787-1921 consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, deeds of trust, and deeds of emancipation. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. Except for a few years early in the eighteenth century, slaves in Virginia were considered personal property and consequently were not usually sold by deed. However, they were often transferred in deeds of gift or were the property listed in mortgages and deeds of trust.\n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia \n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia \n"],"names_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:38:32.745Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02644"}},{"id":"vi_vi02642","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02642#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02642#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02642#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02642","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02642","_root_":"vi_vi02642","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02642","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02642.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1182759\n"],"text":["1182759\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912","African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","0.1 cu. ft.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n","Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1182759\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.1 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:32.074Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02642","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02642","_root_":"vi_vi02642","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02642","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02642.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1182759\n"],"text":["1182759\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912","African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","0.1 cu. ft.","Arranged chronologically.\n","Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n","Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1182759\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, \n 1859, 1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County under the accession number 43283.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Appraisals -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Estate inventories -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Fiduciary records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Northumberland County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["0.1 cu. ft."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged chronologically.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northumberland County probably was named for the English county.  It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock rivers. \n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Estate Records, 1859, 1912 consist of documents relating to estate sales, appraisments, and settlements. Prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865, slaves were considered property and appeared in estate accounts.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:25:32.074Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02642"}},{"id":"vi_vi05140","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05140#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05140#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05140#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05140","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05140","_root_":"vi_vi05140","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05140.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007813841\n"],"text":["0007813841\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n","Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007813841\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County, accession number 43487.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n","Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:16:09.247Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05140","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05140","_root_":"vi_vi05140","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05140","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05140.xml","title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869\n"],"title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007813841\n"],"text":["0007813841\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n","Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n","Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007813841\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"collection_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, \n 1826-1869"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Northumberland County, accession number 43487.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".1 cubic feet (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","See also: Fiduciary Records. A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person.  Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","Northumberland County was named probably for the English county. It was formed about 1645 from the district of Chickacoan, the early-seventeenth-century name for the region between the Potomac and the Rappahannock Rivers. The date of the county's formation is conjectural because the act of assembly creating it is no longer extant, but internal evidence shows that the county was functioning in 1645. The county suffered some losses in a fire in the clerk's office on October 25, 1710. Volumes beginning in 1650 that record deeds, court orders, and wills exist. The county seat is Heathsville.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Northumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1826-1869, consist of Mental Health Records, 1826-1869.\n","Mental Health Records, 1826-1869, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of five individuals (Henry Bayless [or Bailey], Joseph M. Burton, James Conway, Ferriol Walker, and Cyrus Eubank), who were examined and released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to the mental hospital in Williamsburg. 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