{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Nixon%2C+Richard+M.+%28Richard+Milhous%29%2C+1913-1994","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Nixon%2C+Richard+M.+%28Richard+Milhous%29%2C+1913-1994\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4652.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Herrell, Genevieve R., Collection","title_ssm":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1929-1997","1952-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1952-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"text":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977","Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652","Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family","Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into eleven series.","Series I: Herrell Family includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\nSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\n\nSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\nSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\nSubseries IV: Photographs includes family photographs.\nSubseries V: Recipes includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\nSubseries VI: Souvenirs includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.","Series II: White House Medical Unit includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Staff Materials\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Press Coverage","Series III through X are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.","Series III: Truman (1945-1953) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.","Series IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961) includes six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Press Coverage\nSubseries VI: Campaign Material","Series V: Kennedy (1961-1963) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Campaign Material","Series VI: Johnson (1963-1969) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Recipes","Series VII: Nixon (1969-1974) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel which has eight subseries:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\nSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\nSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\nSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\nSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\nSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\nSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\nSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\n\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material\nSubseries VIII: Recipes","Series VIII: Ford (1974-1977) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VI: Press Coverage\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material","Series IX: Reagan (1981-1989) includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.","Series X: Bush (1989-1993) includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.","Series XI: Unknown Administration includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration.","Genevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.","\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"","--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. Imagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6(2), 22–23.","\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). The White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush. McFarland \u0026 Company, p. 201.","The first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years","Over time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.","Eventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors.","The guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026.","The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.","The family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.","The career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.","The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Crewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.","Jensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.","Seeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Correspondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William","The majority of the materials in the collection are in English. There are some items in Mandarin."],"collection_title_tesim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"geogname_ssim":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"places_ssim":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"creator_ssm":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","American Greetings Corporation","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","United States. White House Photographic Office","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","American Greetings Corporation","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","United States. White House Photographic Office","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"creators_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives\nin September 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 11 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Herrell Family\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e includes family photographs.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Souvenirs\u003c/emph\u003e includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: White House Medical Unit\u003c/emph\u003e includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Staff Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III through X\u003c/emph\u003e are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Truman (1945-1953)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961)\u003c/emph\u003e includes six subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Kennedy (1961-1963)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI: Johnson (1963-1969)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII: Nixon (1969-1974)\u003c/emph\u003e includes seven subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e which has eight subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VII: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VIII: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII: Ford (1974-1977)\u003c/emph\u003e includes seven subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VII: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IX: Reagan (1981-1989)\u003c/emph\u003e includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries X: Bush (1989-1993)\u003c/emph\u003e includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XI: Unknown Administration\u003c/emph\u003e includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series.","Series I: Herrell Family includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\nSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\n\nSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\nSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\nSubseries IV: Photographs includes family photographs.\nSubseries V: Recipes includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\nSubseries VI: Souvenirs includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.","Series II: White House Medical Unit includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Staff Materials\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Press Coverage","Series III through X are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.","Series III: Truman (1945-1953) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.","Series IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961) includes six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Press Coverage\nSubseries VI: Campaign Material","Series V: Kennedy (1961-1963) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Campaign Material","Series VI: Johnson (1963-1969) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Recipes","Series VII: Nixon (1969-1974) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel which has eight subseries:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\nSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\nSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\nSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\nSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\nSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\nSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\nSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\n\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material\nSubseries VIII: Recipes","Series VIII: Ford (1974-1977) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VI: Press Coverage\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material","Series IX: Reagan (1981-1989) includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.","Series X: Bush (1989-1993) includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.","Series XI: Unknown Administration includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGenevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6\u003c/emph\u003e(2), 22–23.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush.\u003c/emph\u003e McFarland \u0026amp; Company, p. 201.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Genevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.","\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"","--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. Imagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6(2), 22–23.","\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). The White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush. McFarland \u0026 Company, p. 201.","The first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years","Over time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.","Eventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929-1997 (bulk 1952-1977), Ms2026-066, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929-1997 (bulk 1952-1977), Ms2026-066, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.","The family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.","The career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCrewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Crewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.","Jensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.","Seeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6fed7c5c95fde00069969e7951aea74c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"names_coll_ssim":["White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008"],"persname_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"language_ssim":["The majority of the materials in the collection are in English. There are some items in Mandarin."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":723,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-06T00:00:55.797Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","ead_ssi":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","_root_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","_nest_parent_":"viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VT/repositories_2_resources_4652.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Herrell, Genevieve R., Collection","title_ssm":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection"],"title_tesim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1929-1997","1952-1977"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1929-1997"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1952-1977"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"text":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977","Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652","Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family","Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into eleven series.","Series I: Herrell Family includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\nSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\n\nSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\nSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\nSubseries IV: Photographs includes family photographs.\nSubseries V: Recipes includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\nSubseries VI: Souvenirs includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.","Series II: White House Medical Unit includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Staff Materials\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Press Coverage","Series III through X are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.","Series III: Truman (1945-1953) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.","Series IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961) includes six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Press Coverage\nSubseries VI: Campaign Material","Series V: Kennedy (1961-1963) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Campaign Material","Series VI: Johnson (1963-1969) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Recipes","Series VII: Nixon (1969-1974) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel which has eight subseries:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\nSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\nSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\nSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\nSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\nSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\nSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\nSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\n\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material\nSubseries VIII: Recipes","Series VIII: Ford (1974-1977) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VI: Press Coverage\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material","Series IX: Reagan (1981-1989) includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.","Series X: Bush (1989-1993) includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.","Series XI: Unknown Administration includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration.","Genevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.","\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"","--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. Imagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6(2), 22–23.","\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). The White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush. McFarland \u0026 Company, p. 201.","The first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years","Over time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.","Eventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors.","The guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/).","The processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026.","The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.","The family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.","The career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.","The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Crewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.","Jensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.","Seeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007.","The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.","Correspondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977.","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William","The majority of the materials in the collection are in English. There are some items in Mandarin."],"collection_title_tesim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"collection_ssim":["Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929/1997, bulk 1952/1977"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652"],"unitid_tesim":["Ms.2026.066","/repositories/2/resources/4652"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University"],"geogname_ssm":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"geogname_ssim":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"places_ssim":["Presidents--United States--Staff","Presidents' spouses--United States","Presidents--Family"],"creator_ssm":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","American Greetings Corporation","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","United States. White House Photographic Office","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","American Greetings Corporation","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","United States. White House Photographic Office","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"creators_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William","Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was donated to Special Collections and University Archives\nin September 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Presidents -- United States","Medicine","White House (Washington, D.C.)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 Cubic Feet 11 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 Cubic Feet 11 boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into eleven series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Herrell Family\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell\u003c/emph\u003e includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e includes family photographs.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Souvenirs\u003c/emph\u003e includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries II: White House Medical Unit\u003c/emph\u003e includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Staff Materials\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III through X\u003c/emph\u003e are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries III: Truman (1945-1953)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961)\u003c/emph\u003e includes six subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries V: Kennedy (1961-1963)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VI: Johnson (1963-1969)\u003c/emph\u003e includes five subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VII: Nixon (1969-1974)\u003c/emph\u003e includes seven subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e which has eight subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VII: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VIII: Recipes\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries VIII: Ford (1974-1977)\u003c/emph\u003e includes seven subseries:\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries I: Correspondence\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries II: Events and Invitations\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries III: Presidential Travel\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries IV: Photographs\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia\u003c/emph\u003e which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VI: Press Coverage\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSubseries VII: Campaign Material\u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries IX: Reagan (1981-1989)\u003c/emph\u003e includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries X: Bush (1989-1993)\u003c/emph\u003e includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries XI: Unknown Administration\u003c/emph\u003e includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into eleven series.","Series I: Herrell Family includes documents, photogrpahs, and correspondence related to the Herrell family. The series has six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Genevieve Herrell includes items related to Genevieve's education, achievements, and personal life. It is further divided into two sub-series:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Awards and Certificates\nSub-Subseries II: Personal Correspondence\n\nSubseries II: Calvin Brooke Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's husband.\nSubseries III: Gregory Raders Herrell includes documents related to Genevieve's son.\nSubseries IV: Photographs includes family photographs.\nSubseries V: Recipes includes recipes not linked to specific presidential administrations.\nSubseries VI: Souvenirs includes souvenirs not linked to specific presidential administrations.","Series II: White House Medical Unit includes materials related to Genevieve's work as part of the White House Medical Unit. It has four subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Staff Materials\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Press Coverage","Series III through X are focused on materials from specific presidential administrations. Each has up to seven subseries depending on the materials in the collection.","Series III: Truman (1945-1953) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.","Series IV: Eisenhower (1953-1961) includes six subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Press Coverage\nSubseries VI: Campaign Material","Series V: Kennedy (1961-1963) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Campaign Material","Series VI: Johnson (1963-1969) includes five subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Photographs\nSubseries IV: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries V: Recipes","Series VII: Nixon (1969-1974) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel which has eight subseries:\n\nSub-Subseries I: Brussels, U.K., Germany, Italy, France (1969)\nSub-Subseries II: Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, India, Pakistan, Romania (1969)\nSub-Subseries III: China (1972)\nSub-Subseries IV: Austria, U.S.S.R., Iran, Poland (1972)\nSub-Subseries V: Austria (1974)\nSub-Subseries VI: Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Israel, and Jordan (1974)\nSub-Subseries VII: North Atlantic Council meeting, Brussels (1974)\nSub-Subseries VIII: Moscow Summit (1974)\n\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material\nSubseries VIII: Recipes","Series VIII: Ford (1974-1977) includes seven subseries:\n\nSubseries I: Correspondence\nSubseries II: Events and Invitations\nSubseries III: Presidential Travel\nSubseries IV: Photographs\nSubseries V: Presidential Memorabilia which includes Christmas Gift Prints.\nSubseries VI: Press Coverage\nSubseries VII: Campaign Material","Series IX: Reagan (1981-1989) includes Events and Invitations materials from the Reagan White House.","Series X: Bush (1989-1993) includes Correspondence and Campaign Material.","Series XI: Unknown Administration includes undated items that could not be linked to a specific presidential administration."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGenevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eImagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6\u003c/emph\u003e(2), 22–23.\u003c/p\u003e  ","\u003cp\u003e\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush.\u003c/emph\u003e McFarland \u0026amp; Company, p. 201.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOver time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note","Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Genevieve Margaret Raders was born 22 September 1916 in Lena, Illinois and died 03 September 2013 in Kingsport, Tennessee. Genevieve's parents were Edwin Hugo Raders (1884-1956) and (Agnes) Margaret Gaffney (1881-1918). Her father worked as a farmer. She married Calvin Brooke Herrell (1913-1991) in December 1942 and they had one son, Gregory Raders Herrell, in July 1953.","\"[Genevieve] Herrell loved nursing and began her career as a stewardess nurse on the railroad. During this time, she met Cal Herrell in 1942 as he traveled home to be inducted into the Army. They secretly married in December 1942 and settled in Virginia after the war. In 1952, Herrell, then a civilian nurse for the [United States] Army, received an assignment that would change her life: to assist in the care of Margaret Wallace, Harry S. Truman's mother-in-law, who often stayed at the White House. This initial role evolved into a position with the White House Medical Unit, where Herrell would serve until Gerald Ford left office and she retired on December 31, 1976.\"","--Source: Puckett, E. M. (2024, Fall-Winter). The presidents' caregiver: Virginia Tech alumnus donates mother's unique collection, offering private glimpses into presidential history. Imagine: University Libraries at Virginia Tech, 6(2), 22–23.","\"Over a span of two hundred and seventeen years the medical care of the president has shifted from episodic to permanent, informal to formal, civilian to military, and individual to bureaucratic. Emphasis has been redirected from the medical response to an acute illness or a medical emergency towards the maintenance and improvement of the president's baseline health status. Additionally, the responsibilities of the WHMU [White House Medical Unit] physicians have proliferated. These include the medical management of the explosive growth of foreign and domestic presidential travel, the continuous care of the vice president and his family, the demands of the Twenty-fifth Amendment, increased public scrutiny and the extraordinary security requirements of the protracted global war on terror.\"\n--Source: Deppisch, L. M. (2007). The White House physician : a history from Washington to George W. Bush. McFarland \u0026 Company, p. 201.","The first White House physician was Dr. Samuel Bard during the administration of George Washington. From that time until the 1920s, physicians treated presidents for specific instances of illness. In the 1920s, an official government position \"White House Physician\" was created, formalizing a role that Dr. Presley Rixey had performed for around 20 years","Over time, the physician role evolved from treatment of specific instances of illness to oversight of the president's general heath. It then continued to expand to include medical care for the president's family. After the Twenty-fifth Amendment to the Constitution was adopted, the physician gained responsibility for proper implementation of its provisions regarding presidential disability and succession. Following this, medical care was extended to the vice president and vice president's family.","Eventually, the medical responsibilities within the White House grew beyond the ability of one person to satisfy. The White House Medical Unit was eventually formed to see to the medical care of the president, vice president, and their families. The White House Medical Unit would later add responsibility for medical care of diplomats and foreign leaders visiting the White House as well as rapid emergency medical care for any White House staff or visitors."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (\u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\"\u003ehttps://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/\u003c/extref\u003e).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"odd_heading_ssm":["Rights Statement for Archival Description"],"odd_tesim":["The guide to the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection by Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, is licensed under a CC0 (https://creativecommons.org/share-your-work/public-domain/cc0/)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929-1997 (bulk 1952-1977), Ms2026-066, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Researchers wishing to cite this collection should include the following information: [identification of item], [box], [folder], Genevieve R. Herrell Collection, 1929-1997 (bulk 1952-1977), Ms2026-066, Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Va."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["The processing, arrangement, and description of the Genevieve R. Herrell Collection was completed in June 2026."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Genevieve R. Herrell Collection includes documents related to Herrell's family and career. The majority of the collection is focused on her time working in the White House Medical Unit and her interactions with United States Presidents and their families.","The family materials include personal correspondence, awards, photographs, and documents related to Herrell's husband and son.","The career documents include items specific to the White House Medical Unit as well as items related to her work during the presidential administrations of Harry Truman, Dwight D. Eisenhower, John F. Kennedy, Lyndon B. Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, and Gerald Ford. There are also some items related to presidents Ronald Reagan and George H. W. Bush."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCrewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["The following items were transferred to the Rare Book Collection:","Crewdson, Robert L., and Prince William County (Va). Historical Commission. Crossroads of the Past : A History of Haymarket, Virginia. Prince William County Historical Commission, 1982.","Jensen, Amy La Follette, et al. Paintings in the White House : A Close-Up. [Westinghouse Broadcasting Company], 1965.","Seeley, Mary Evans. Season's Greetings from the White House. A Presidential Christmas, 2007."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuareproduction\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: \u003ca href=\"http://bit.ly/scuareproduction\"\u003ehttp://bit.ly/scuapublication\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePlease contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Reproduction and Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright status of this collection is unknown. Copyright restrictions may apply. Contact Special Collections and University Archives for assistance in determining the use of these materials.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for personal or research use can be requested using our reproduction/digitization form: http://bit.ly/scuareproduction.","Reproduction or digitization of materials for publication or exhibit use can be requested using our publication/exhibition form: http://bit.ly/scuapublication.","Please contact Special Collections and University Archives (specref@vt.edu or 540-231-6308) if you need assistance with forms or to submit a completed form."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_6fed7c5c95fde00069969e7951aea74c\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, cards, notes, ephemera, photographs, and souvenirs documenting Genevieve R. Herrell's service as a civilian nurse for the US Army assigned to the White House. The collection documents her service beginning with the Harry S. Truman administration until her retirement when Gerald Ford left office in 1977."],"corpname_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing"],"names_coll_ssim":["White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008"],"persname_ssim":["Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"names_ssim":["Special Collections and University Archives, Virginia Tech","American Greetings Corporation","Hallmark Cards, Inc.","United States. White House Photographic Office","White House Medical Unit (U.S.)","White House Police Force (U. S.)","Min zu fan dian","United States. Army. Special Photographic Office","Harris \u0026 Ewing","Herrell, Genevieve R.  (Genevieve Raders), 1916-2013","Herrell, Calvin B., Sgt. (Calvin Brooke), 1913-1991","Herrell, Gregory Raders, 1953-","Cox, Patricia Nixon, 1946-","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969","Eisenhower, Julie Nixon","Eisenhower, Mamie Doud, 1896-1979","Ford, Betty, 1918-2011","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Johnson, Lady Bird, 1912-2007","Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), 1908-1973","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963","Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 1929-1994","Nixon, Pat, 1912-1993","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Nugent, Luci Baines Johnson","Truman, Bess Wallace","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972","Truman, Margaret, 1924-2008","Carter, Jimmy, 1924-2024","Carter, Rosalynn","Cox, Edward Finch, 1946-","Eisenhower, David, 1948-","Ford, Gayle Brumbaugh, 1951-","Ford, Jack (John Gardner), 1952-","Ford, Michael Gerald, 1950-","Ford, Steven, 1956-","Ford, Susan, 1957-","Robb, Lynda Bird, 1944-","Tkach, Walter Robert, 1917-1989","Graham, Wallace Harry, M.D., Maj. Gen., 1910-1996","Burkley, George G. (George Gregory), 1902-1991","Woods, Rose Mary, 1917-2005","Snyder, Howard McC. (Howard McCrumb), 1881-1970","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Knudsen, Robert L. (Robert LeRoy), 1929-1989","Grove, Andrew","Thomas, Ricardo","Atkins, Oliver","Schumacher, Karl","Kempton, Greta, 1903-1991","Adams, Sherman, 1899-1986","Rowe, Abbie Alpheus, 1905-1967","Smith, William J., 1942-2021","Horst, 1906-1999","Gaylin, George","Volz, Willard","Stephens, Thomas E., 1885-1966","Stoughton, Cecil W.","Lehman, Edward","Geissinger, Michael A.","Schonbrunn, S.M.","Laessig, Robert E.","Schumaker, Byron","Kightlinger, Jack, 1932-2009","Moore, Robert","Bachrach, Louis F., Jr.","Kennerly, David H.","Fitz-Patrick, William"],"language_ssim":["The majority of the materials in the collection are in English. There are some items in Mandarin."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":723,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-06T00:00:55.797Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viblbv_repositories_2_resources_4652"}},{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, 1989","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eA thank you letter from President Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, Regent, May 9, 1989. Autograph letter signed.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04","ref_ssm":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04"],"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274_c04","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274","parent_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274","parent_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","Seamans, Eugenia [Massachusetts] (1 of 2), 1975/1993"],"parent_ids_ssim":["vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02","vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46_c06_c02_c274"],"title_filing_ssi":"Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans","title_ssm":["Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans"],"title_tesim":["Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, 1989"],"text":["Letter, Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, 1989","Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","Seamans, Eugenia [Massachusetts] (1 of 2), 1975/1993","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","A thank you letter from President Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, Regent, May 9, 1989. Autograph letter signed."],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","Seamans, Eugenia [Massachusetts] (1 of 2), 1975/1993"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","Series 6. Vice Regents Files, 1858/2016","Sub-Series 6.2. Vice Regents Files - Alphabetical, 1858/2016","Seamans, Eugenia [Massachusetts] (1 of 2), 1975/1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["May 9, 1989"],"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"component_level_isim":[4],"sort_isi":1947,"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"creator_ssim":["Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"persname_ssim":["Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"names_ssim":["Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994"],"date_range_isim":[1989],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA thank you letter from President Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, Regent, May 9, 1989. Autograph letter signed.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A thank you letter from President Richard Nixon to Eugenia Seamans, Regent, May 9, 1989. Autograph letter signed."],"_nest_path_":"/components#5/components#1/components#273/components#3","timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:25:08.530Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_ssi":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_root_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","_nest_parent_":"vimtvl_repositories_2_resources_46","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/MV/repositories_2_resources_46.xml","title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association"],"unitdate_ssm":["1858-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1858-2016"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1858/2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"text":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016","A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46","This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.","The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical","The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-","Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).","- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees","This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action","Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"collection_ssim":["Papers of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, 1858/2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"unitid_tesim":["A.MVLA","/repositories/2/resources/46"],"repository_ssm":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"repository_ssim":["The George Washington Presidential Library at Mount Vernon"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. (George Walker), 1946-","Carter, Rosalynn","Swann, Don, 1889-1954","Pickup, Ernest A. (Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"creators_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. 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Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. (Margaret Jane Mussey), 1823-1908","Taliaferro, Lucy Ramsay, 1871-1953","Tarr, Irene Haley, 1898-1988","Thayer, Pauline Revere, 1862-1934","Thom, Mary Keyser Stewart, 1874-1963","Townsend, Amy Cornell","Troup, Elsie De Cou","Van Antwerp, Jane Yates, 1815-1870","Van Deventer, Mary Finley","Vaughan, Margaret Driggs, 1917-2003","Walcott, Mary Newcomer","Walker, Letitia Morehead, 1823-1908","Ward, Jennie Meeker (Sarah Jane), 1833-1910","Warren, Romayne Latta, 1877-1968","Washington, Ella Bassett, 1834-1898","Webber, Barbara Chase","Weller, Lucy Ireland","West, Ann Wick, 1930-2020","West, Constance F.","Wheeler, Lillian Marsh, 1863-1952","Wick, Ann Dugdale","Wilder, Caryl Casselberry, 1923-2005","Wilder, Georgia King Smith, 1833-1914","Williams, Priscilla de Forest","Winder, Abbie Rice Goodwin, 1829-1906","Woodward, Eliza Brand Macalester, 1811-1897","Yulee, Nancy Wickliffe, 1822-1885","Coulson, Sarah Miller","Mauran, Elizabeth Rollins","Sahin, Andrea Notman","Scott, Ann Cady","Amundsen, Claudia Puig","Grant, Judith Wilson","Holdsworth, Elizabeth Lawson Whitesides","Reeder, Susan Stevens","Sherrill, Jean Armfield","West, Gail Berry, 1942-","Ford, Gerald R., 1913-2006","Giscard d'Estaing, Valéry, 1926-2020","Bush, Laura Welch, 1946-","Meadows, Christine, 1932-2013","Cunningham, Ann Pamela, 1816-1875","Bush, George W. 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(Ernest Alexander), 1887-1970","Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["72 Linear Feet 99 containers plus 14 oversize items, approx. 72 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["72 Linear Feet 99 containers plus 14 oversize items, approx. 72 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open to research during scheduled appointments. Researchers must complete the Washington Library's Special Collections and Archives Registration Form before access is provided. According to the policies of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, certain records in the archives may only be available for research 30 years after creation or file date. The library reserves the right to restrict access to items for preservation purposes."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.1. General\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeries 6.2. Alphabetical\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Papers of the MVLA is divided into six series, one of which has been further split into two subseries. The majority of material is organized alphabetically, however each series has an arrangement note to explain unique caveats to the organizational structure. The series and subseries are arranged as follows:","Series 1. Committee Files\nSeries 2. Council Files\nSeries 3. Minutes of the Council, original\nSeries 4. Regent's Files\nSeries 5. Papers of the Vice Regents\nSeries 6. Vice Regents Files","Series 6.1. General","Series 6.2. Alphabetical"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Mount Vernon Ladies' Association of the Union was founded in 1853 by Ann Pamela Cunningham. The purpose of the Association was to purchase Mount Vernon, the home of George Washington, in order to restore the property and open the grounds to visitors and admirers who desired to see Washington's house and tomb. Ann Pamela Cunningham became interested in the preservation of Mount Vernon when her mother, traveling down the Potomac River in 1853, saw the house in its neglected and dilapidated state and wrote to her daughter of its condition. Both women thought it shameful to allow the first President's home to fall into ruin. A determined Ann Pamela Cunningham assembled twenty-two women of like mind together to raise money to purchase the property, pay off all debt, and return the gardens and grounds to the condition in which they were left by Washington himself. John Augustine Washington III, George Washington's great-grandnephew and the owner of Mount Vernon at the time, delayed several years in selling the home to the Ladies' Association. He preferred a sale to the State of Virginia or the federal government, both of which declined purchase. In 1858 he finally agreed to sell Mount Vernon to Ann Pamela Cunningham and the MVLA for $200,000. \nThe MVLA is the owner and executive board of Mount Vernon. Membership is made up of one Regent and 20-30 Vice Regents, each from a different state. All MVLA members assemble twice a year in April and October for Council, where they hear motions and reports concerning projects or issues at the estate. The Vice Regents also divide into committees focused on different functions and operations, and rotate members every few years. Today the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association is remembered as the first organization dedicated to historic preservation in the United States, and as innovators in the field of preservation. The Association remains loyal to its original goals, the restoration and care of Mount Vernon, and educating people all over the world about George Washington's life and legacy. Mount Vernon is open to visitors 365 days a year. The estate now consists of not only the Mansion and tomb of Washington, but restored gardens, outbuildings, Pioneer Farm, Gristmill, Distillery, museum and orientation center, the National Library for the Study of George Washington, gift shops, food pavilion, and the Mount Vernon Inn restaurant. \nList of Regents of the MVLA: \n•\tAnn Pamela Cunningham, 1853-1874 resigned 1874, died 1875\n•\tLily Macalester Berghmans Laughton, 1874-1891, died 1891\n•\tJustine Van Rensselaer Townsend, 1891-1909, died 1912\n•\tHarriet Clayton Comegys, 1909-1927, died 1927\n•\tAlice Haliburton King Richards, 1927-1936, died 1936\n•\tHarriet Cole Towner, 1937-1942, died 1942\n•\tMary Vilas Hanks, 1943-1948, died 1959\n•\tHope Hodgman Harkness (formerly Hope H. Powel), 1948-1958, died 1974\n•\tRosamond Harding Randall Beirne, 1958-1968, died 1968\n•\tElizabeth Throckmorton Cooke, 1968-1976, died 1993\n•\tFrances Claiborne Guy, Jr., 1976-1982\n•\tHelen Sharp Anderson, 1982-1986, died 2013\n•\tEugenia Ayer Merrill Seamans, Jr., 1986-1990, died 2010\n•\tMabel Alleyne Livingstone Bishop, 1990-1993, died 2007\n•\tLaura Vaughan Inge Morrissette, 1993-1996\n•\tJane Carew Lee, 1996-1999\n•\tEllen Carroll Walton, 1999-2004\n•\tGay Hart Gaines, 2004-2007\n•\tBoyce Lineberger Ansley, 2007-2010, died 2016\n•\tAnn Haunschild Bookout III, 2010-2013\n•\tBarbara Bourgeois Lucas II, 2013-2016\n•\tSarah Miller Coulson, 2016-"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["[Name and date of item], Papers of the MVLA, [Series, Folder], Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association, Fred W. Smith National Library for the Study of George Washington [hereafter Washington Library], Mount Vernon, Virginia","See the Chicago Manual of Style for additional examples."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMany of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute).\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Many of these files, especially from the earlier years of the MVLA, were previously arranged in filing cabinets in the old Mount Vernon Library in the basement of the Ann Pamela Cunningham Administration Building. When possible, the original order of these files and their file names were kept during arrangement and description in this finding aid. All series in this collection are currently open-ended and small accruals will be added from time to time. Series 6 is especially fluid, as single items are often added to a specific Vice Regent's folder (such as an obituary or retirement tribute)."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["- Publications of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Early Records of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association\n- Papers of the Superintendent and Resident Director, 1850-1996\n- Bound Volumes of the Superintendent's Letters, Diaries, and Monthly Reports\n- Papers of James Rees"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection documents the care and management of Mount Vernon through the work of the MVLA. Types of material include correspondence, reports, memos, notes, personal and biographical information, news clippings, meeting agendas, photographs, scrapbooks, and ephemera. Several highlights of the collection include the original minutes of Council meetings, scrapbooks and ledgers created by Vice Regents, and early correspondence with Regents and Vice Regents. While the library's collection \"Early Records of the MVLA\" documents the founding and early years of the organization, the Papers of the MVLA continues where that collection ended and preserves the ongoing story of these women and the fulfillment of their mission. Creators of the collection are largely the board members themselves, along with staff and employees who worked directly with them. Scope notes have been added before the content list of each series to better describe its specific provenance and content. The bulk of the collection dates from the 1950s to the 1990s, however there is a very wide range represented overall, 1858-2016."],"corpname_ssim":["Archives of the Mount Vernon Ladies' Association","Black Women United for Action"],"persname_ssim":["Wall, Charles Cecil, 1903-1995","Townsend, Justine Van Rensselaer, 1828-1912","Comegys, Harriet Clayton, 1840-1927","Richards, Alice Haliburton King, 1860-1936","Towner, Harriet C. (Harriet Cole), 1869-1942","Hanks, Mary Esther Vilas, 1873-1959","Harkness, Hope Hodgman Powel, 1889-1974","Beirne, Rosamond Randall, 1894-1969","Cooke, Elizabeth Throckmorton, 1897-1993","Guy, Frances Claiborne, 1921-2016","Anderson, Helen Sharp, 1916-2013","Seamans, Eugenia Merrill, 1922-2010","Bishop, Mabel Livingstone, 1925-2007","Morrissette, Laura Vaughan Inge, 1933-","Lee, Jane Carew, 1931-2019","Walton, Ellen Carroll","Gaines, Gay Hart","Ansley, Boyce Lineberger, 1946-2016","Bookout, Ann Haunschild","Lucas, Barbara Bourgeois","Allison, Margaret Appleton","Berry, Violetta Lansdale, 1883-1971","Bolton, Mary Peters","Brown, Anne Crawford Allen, 1848-1936","Burdick, Alison Ward, 1912-2007","Carpenter, Harriet Isham, 1869-1948","Coolidge, Mary Abigail Parsons, 1878-1964","Cubbedge, Margaret Ellis, 1896-1985","Gammill, Lynn Crosby, 1936-","Hagner, Adlumia Sterrett, 1916-2007","Herbert, Leila","Holderness, Eunice Jackson, 1917-2007","Hollis, Margaret Belser, 1924-2015","Labouisse, Sally (Sarah Cameron), 1903-1985","Fisher, Robert B.","Morse, Frank","Neal, Anne D.","Platt, Page Anderson, 1899-1984","Dodge, Harrison Howell, 1852-1937","Rathbone, Elizabeth Adams, 1837-1923","Richardson, Melody Sawyer","Smith, Gene Smith","Strachan, Rose Forsyth, 1915-2000","Sullivan, Priscilla Manning, 1911-1994","Symmes, Harrison M., 1921-2010","Woodbury, Charlotte, 1873-1966","Todd, Frances Packette, 1901-1987","Tyler, Constance Ellen, 1911-1963","Wiener, Ellanore Brown","Abrahams, Meliora Hambleton","Alexander, Hope Powel, 1925-2019","Ames, Anne Carrington Dwight, 1849-1904","Anderson, Isabel Scott, 1899-1994","Anderson, Anne Page Wilder, 1873-1956","Andrews, Julia Johnston, 1846-1915","Armour, Mary Gooch, 1942-","Aurell, Jane Collins","Baker, Fannie Gilchrist, 1838-1901","Balfour, Emma Harrison Warren, 1818-1887","Ball, Emma R., 1838-1918","Barnes, Mary Fauntleroy, 1824-1912","Barret, Margaretta Mason Brown, 1839-1920","Barret, Rosa Robinson, 1881-1955","Barry, Elizabeth Willard, 1814-1883","Battle, Charlotte Timberlake","Bayard, Elizabeth du Pont, 1880-1975","Bennett, Jamie Armstrong, 1881-1963","Billups, Mary Govan, 1874-1971","Blackburn, Alpha Coles","Bockstoce, Elizabeth Roberts, 1918-1995","Bolton, Frances Payne Bingham, 1885-1977","Borthwick, Maribeth Armstrong","Bowlin, Ruth Price","Bradford, Helen MacKay, 1940-2004","Bradford, Mary Conover","Young , James","Broadwell, Elizabeth Lytle","Brockett, Marcella Powell Gibson","Brooks, Mary Cunningham Randolph, 1816-1882","Evarts, Mary, 1854-1928","Brown, Caroline Hinman Clement","Brown, Cynthia Pillow Saunders, 1810-1892","Buchanan, Frances Rogers","Bush, Margaret Gage","Butler, Sarah Duncan","Cabot, Nancy Graves, 1889-1969","Cain, Talbot deButts, 1941-2013","Call, Nancy Banning","Campbell, Virginia Kyle, 1822-1882","Carson, Dana Porter","Chapin, Betsy (Elizabeth M.)","Chesnut, Mary, 1775-1864","Chisholm, Katherine Crutcher, 1929-2016","Collins, Mary Call Darby, 1911-2009","Comegys, Margaret Douglass, 1816-1888","Conover, Helen Field, 1833-1914","Cox, Katherine Cabell Claiborne, 1854-1925","Crumpacker, Anne Finkbeiner (Elizabeth Anne Finkbeiner)","Danforth, Edwine Evans, 1863-1961","Davis, Florence Stumb","De Forest, Elizabeth Kellam","Denham, Mary Simkins, 1868-1950","Dewey, Ruth Harrington, 1918-2016","Dickinson, Alice London, 1814-1881","Dillon, Anna Price, 1835-1898","Du Pont, Elizabeth N.","Emory, Matilda Bache, 1819-1900","Eve, Philoclea Edgeworth Casey, 1813-1889","Failing, Mary Forbush, 1862-1947","Fauth, Geren Watson","Fitch, Harriet Satterlee","Fogg, Francis B., Mrs., 1800-1872","Foster, Victorine Du Pont, 1849-1934","Freeman, Margaret Walthall","Furness, Anna Ramsey, 1876-1964","Furness, Marion Ramsey, 1853-1935","Gilchrist, Gene Robin","Goldsborough, Eleanor Rogers, 1822-1906","Goodrich, Mary Boott, 1807-1868","Graham, Christine Blair, 1852-1915","Greenough, Louisa Ingersoll, 1813-1891","Guthrie, Beatrice Holden","Hagood, Derrill Maybank","Haldeman, Jane Norton, 1909-1984","Hale, Sarah King, 1798-1865","Halsted, Nancy Marsh, 1817-1891","Schuyler, Mary Morris Hamilton, 1818-1877","McAdoo, Mary Cheston (formerly Mary Hancock)","Hanks, Lorelai Jackson, 1929-2006","Harper, Emily L. (Emily Louisa), 1812-1892","Harrison, Hetty Cary, 1871-1943","Haskell, Mary Rushton, 1903-1971","Hearst, Phoebe Apperson, 1842-1919","Henke, Bonnie Creekmore (Mary Elizabeth)","Hill, Alice Hale, 1840-1908","Hitz, Elizabeth Holliday, 1894-1979","Holden, Polly Bullard, 1906-2004","Hollenberg, Josephine Heiskell Harrison (Deanie), 1915-2011","Hudson, Susan Edwards Johnson, 1825-1913","Hunt, Anne Lucas, 1796-1879","Huntress, Harriet Lane, 1860-1922","Sydnor, Ella Hutchins, 1844-1913","Irwin, Alice Dandridge, 1855-1916","Isham, Elizabeth Totten","Jeffrey, Rosa Vertner, 1828-1894","Jennings, Annie Burr, 1855-1939","Johnson, Sarah Smith, -1862","Johnston, Elizabeth Johnston Evans, 1851-1934","King, Annie Ragan, 1856-1933","Lamont, Elinor Miner, 1901-1972","Lane, Virginia Dawson","Laughton, Lily Macalester Berghmans, 1832-1891","Lawson, Priscilla Plumb","Leary, Eliza Ferry, 1851-1935","Leiter, Mary Theresa, 1844-1913","Le Vert, Octavia Walton, 1810-1877","Lewis, Annie Burr Auchincloss, 1902-1959","Livingood, Lily Foster","Lobb, Mary Montgomery, 1915-2005","Longfellow, Alice M. (Alice Mary), 1850-1928","Dana, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, 1881-1950","Lord, Bertha Dunlap, 1880-1956","Loughborough, Louise Wright, 1881-1962","Lyle, Margaret Vilas","Mars, Adrienne Bevis","Terrell, Mary Maverick, 1851-1891","Maxey, Mary Frances Campbell","McIlvain, Janet Hattan","McWillie, Catherine Anderson, 1812-1873","Mercer, Martha Dana, 1872-1960","Mitchell, Martha Reed, 1818-1902","Moore, Lisa Rosenberger","Moore, Susan Rutledge, 1906-1987","Morse, Margaretta Wederstrandt, 1816-1893","Murat, Catherine Willis, 1803-1867","Nagel, Anne Shepley","Nalty, Elizabeth Shaw","Neal, Georgianne Davis","Neill, Nancy","Newman, Eleanor Tarrant, 1934-2017","Ogden, Phebe Ann, 1790-1865","Olander, Eileen Maloney","Pack, Phoebe Finley, 1907-2000","Parker, Eleanor Carroll Lyster, 1871-1924","Pendleton, Mary Alicia Key, 1824-1886","Pepper, Rebecca Willing, 1882-1955","Perrie, Alice Johnson","Peterkin, Constance Lee, 1872-1948","Pfaelzer, Marianne Henry","Pickens, Lucy Petaway Holcombe","Pirtle, Mary Hall, 1922-2012","Pope, Nancy Lucas Turner, 1870-1950","Porcher, Virginia Leigh, 1866-1940","Pringle, Elizabeth W. Allston (Elizabeth Waties Allston), 1845-1921","Richardson, Ida Ann Slocomb, 1830-1910","Ricks, Fanny Jones, 1852-1918","Riggs, Janet Shedden, 1815-1871","Ritchie, Anna Cora Mowatt, 1819-1870","Rogers, Frances Dennis","Sargent, Helen Louise","Schuyler, Harriet Lowndes Langdon, 1838-1915","Scott, Caroline Drennen, 1827-1910","Scott, Mary Mason, 1867-1934","Seaman, Eleanor Remick","Nixon, Richard M. (Richard Milhous), 1913-1994","Bush, George, 1924-2018","Bush, Barbara, 1925-2018","Semple, Cynthia Taylor","Shelton, Clara Francis (died 1936)","Shields, Jeanne Otis","Shipp, Margaret Busbee, 1871-1936","Sibley, Sarah Steele, 1823-1869","Simplot, Adelia Garro","Streeter, Lucille Anderson","Sweat, Margaret J.M. 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