{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Marschak%2C+Beth\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Marschak%2C+Beth\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":2,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_676#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Marschak, Beth","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_676#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection consists of news clippings related to LGBT activism and issues in Richmond, Virginia, including a photocopy of a scrapbook of clippings collected by Barbara Weinstock; \u003cspan\u003eRichmond Lesbian-Feminists Flyer\u003c/span\u003e newsletters and correspondence; and ephemera related to women's and LGBT activism and events in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_676#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_676.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/676","title_filing_ssi":"Marschak, Beth Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971-2004","title_ssm":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection"],"title_tesim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"text":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004","M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676","The collection is open to research.","Folders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders.","Romayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. 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She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.","Due to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.","Beth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book Lesbian and  Gay Richmond, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. She passed away on June 3, 2026.[2]\n\n--","1 - \"Beth Marschak,\" Race and Racism Project - Oral Histories, University of Richmond, June 1, 2019, https://raceandracism.richmond.edu/oralHistory/MarschakBeth\n2 - Ryan Nadeau, \"Beloved Richmond historian, LGBTQ+ activist dies,\" WRIC+, June 5, 2026, https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/romayne-beth-marschak-obituary-june-3/","The Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection consists of news clippings related to LGBT activism and issues in Richmond, Virginia, including a photocopy of a scrapbook of clippings collected by Barbara Weinstock; Richmond Lesbian-Feminists Flyer newsletters and correspondence; and ephemera related to women's and LGBT activism and events in Richmond, Virginia.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Marschak, Beth","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"collection_ssim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676"],"unitid_tesim":["M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"creators_ssim":["Marschak, Beth","VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Beth Marschak, February 2007."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half-size legal document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half-size legal document box"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRomayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. She graduated from Westhampton College, University of Richmond, with a BA in political science in 1972. While at University of Richmond, Beth started a local chapter of the National Women's Political Caucus, engaged with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference through marches and other actions, and was an active member of the Woody Guthrie Community Center. Beth was one of the founders of the Richmond Lesbian-Feminists in 1975, and helped found the Virginia Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights and the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition. She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book \u003ctitle\u003eLesbian and  Gay Richmond\u003c/title\u003e, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. She passed away on June 3, 2026.[2]\n\u003cbr\u003e\n--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 - \"Beth Marschak,\" Race and Racism Project - Oral Histories, University of Richmond, June 1, 2019, https://raceandracism.richmond.edu/oralHistory/MarschakBeth\n2 - Ryan Nadeau, \"Beloved Richmond historian, LGBTQ+ activist dies,\" WRIC+, June 5, 2026, https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/romayne-beth-marschak-obituary-june-3/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information - Beth Marschak"],"bioghist_tesim":["Romayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. She graduated from Westhampton College, University of Richmond, with a BA in political science in 1972. While at University of Richmond, Beth started a local chapter of the National Women's Political Caucus, engaged with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference through marches and other actions, and was an active member of the Woody Guthrie Community Center. Beth was one of the founders of the Richmond Lesbian-Feminists in 1975, and helped found the Virginia Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights and the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition. She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.","Due to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.","Beth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book Lesbian and  Gay Richmond, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. She passed away on June 3, 2026.[2]\n\n--","1 - \"Beth Marschak,\" Race and Racism Project - Oral Histories, University of Richmond, June 1, 2019, https://raceandracism.richmond.edu/oralHistory/MarschakBeth\n2 - Ryan Nadeau, \"Beloved Richmond historian, LGBTQ+ activist dies,\" WRIC+, June 5, 2026, https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/romayne-beth-marschak-obituary-june-3/"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBeth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971-2004, Collection # M 601, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971-2004, Collection # M 601, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection consists of news clippings related to LGBT activism and issues in Richmond, Virginia, including a photocopy of a scrapbook of clippings collected by Barbara Weinstock; \u003ctitle\u003eRichmond Lesbian-Feminists Flyer\u003c/title\u003e newsletters and correspondence; and ephemera related to women's and LGBT activism and events in Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection consists of news clippings related to LGBT activism and issues in Richmond, Virginia, including a photocopy of a scrapbook of clippings collected by Barbara Weinstock; Richmond Lesbian-Feminists Flyer newsletters and correspondence; and ephemera related to women's and LGBT activism and events in Richmond, Virginia."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"persname_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"names_coll_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Marschak, Beth"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-06-23T07:07:16.781Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_676","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_676.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.library.vcu.edu/repositories/5/resources/676","title_filing_ssi":"Marschak, Beth Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971-2004","title_ssm":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection"],"title_tesim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1971-2004"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-2004"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971/2004"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"text":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004","M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676","The collection is open to research.","Folders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders.","Romayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. 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She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.","Due to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.","Beth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book Lesbian and  Gay Richmond, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. She passed away on June 3, 2026.[2]\n\n--","1 - \"Beth Marschak,\" Race and Racism Project - Oral Histories, University of Richmond, June 1, 2019, https://raceandracism.richmond.edu/oralHistory/MarschakBeth\n2 - Ryan Nadeau, \"Beloved Richmond historian, LGBTQ+ activist dies,\" WRIC+, June 5, 2026, https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/romayne-beth-marschak-obituary-june-3/","The Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection consists of news clippings related to LGBT activism and issues in Richmond, Virginia, including a photocopy of a scrapbook of clippings collected by Barbara Weinstock; Richmond Lesbian-Feminists Flyer newsletters and correspondence; and ephemera related to women's and LGBT activism and events in Richmond, Virginia.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","Marschak, Beth","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"collection_ssim":["Beth Marschak Richmond lesbian activist collection, 1971/2004"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676"],"unitid_tesim":["M 601","/repositories/5/resources/676"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Marschak, Beth"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"creators_ssim":["Marschak, Beth","VCU James Branch Cabell Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Beth Marschak, February 2007."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half-size legal document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.21 Linear Feet 1 half-size legal document box"],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFolders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Folders are arranged alphabetically, and chronologically for material within folders."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRomayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. She graduated from Westhampton College, University of Richmond, with a BA in political science in 1972. While at University of Richmond, Beth started a local chapter of the National Women's Political Caucus, engaged with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference through marches and other actions, and was an active member of the Woody Guthrie Community Center. Beth was one of the founders of the Richmond Lesbian-Feminists in 1975, and helped found the Virginia Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights and the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition. She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDue to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBeth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book \u003ctitle\u003eLesbian and  Gay Richmond\u003c/title\u003e, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. She passed away on June 3, 2026.[2]\n\u003cbr\u003e\n--\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e1 - \"Beth Marschak,\" Race and Racism Project - Oral Histories, University of Richmond, June 1, 2019, https://raceandracism.richmond.edu/oralHistory/MarschakBeth\n2 - Ryan Nadeau, \"Beloved Richmond historian, LGBTQ+ activist dies,\" WRIC+, June 5, 2026, https://www.wric.com/news/local-news/richmond/romayne-beth-marschak-obituary-june-3/\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information - Beth Marschak"],"bioghist_tesim":["Romayne Elizabeth (Beth) Marschak was born in Pennsylvania and grew up in Richmond, Virginia, in Lakeside and the far west end of the city. She graduated from Westhampton College, University of Richmond, with a BA in political science in 1972. While at University of Richmond, Beth started a local chapter of the National Women's Political Caucus, engaged with the Southern Christian Leadership Conference through marches and other actions, and was an active member of the Woody Guthrie Community Center. Beth was one of the founders of the Richmond Lesbian-Feminists in 1975, and helped found the Virginia Coalition for Lesbian and Gay Rights and the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition. She served on the National Steering Committee of the National Women's Political Caucus for 16 years, originally starting as a representative of the Lesbian Caucus; the Board of the Richmond YWCA for 8 years; in 1978 was appointed by President Jimmy Carter to the International Women's Year Continuing Committee; and in 1988 was the first out Virignia delegate to a national presidential convention.","Due to her activism and advocacy, Beth was awarded the Richmond Human Rights Coalition Human Rights Award in 1983; the Richmond YWCA Outstanding Woman of the Year Award in Human Relations in 1990; won awards from the Richmond Lesbian and Gay Pride Coalition in 1990, 1993, and 1999; and was named one of the 20 Outstanding Virginians by Equality Virginia in 2009.","Beth was an LGBTQ+ historian and co-authored the book Lesbian and  Gay Richmond, published in 2008.[1] She worked for over two decades at the Virginia Department of Health (VDH), originally as a Hotline Counselor and later as a Contract Administrator. She also oversaw the free condom program for most of her time at VDH, which distributes over half a million free condoms each year. 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Topics discussed in the oral histories include the interviewees' early lives and education; their experiences as feminists and activists; their work with various local, state, and national organizations; and their perspectives on feminism and the future of the movement. These oral histories document how the women interviewed understood their own progressive actions, how they formed their individual feminist perspectives on the world, how they related to other feminist women, and how they assess their work in light of the contemporary political landscape.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_554#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_554","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_554","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_554","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_554","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_554.xml","title_ssm":["The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project"],"title_tesim":["The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project"],"unitdate_ssm":["2013-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2013-2014"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2013/2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project, 2013/2014"],"text":["The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project, 2013/2014","M 541","/repositories/5/resources/554","Collection is open to research.","Collection materials are arranged alphabetically by last name of interviewee.","The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project was created and conducted by Dr. Megan Taylor Shockley, a professor of history at Clemson University. Shockley collected the stories of second-wave feminists throughout the state with the intention of using them in written works on Virginia women's activism and feminism during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries.","The stories included in this collection serve to correct the historiographical record which tends to locate feminist activism only in Midwestern, Northeastern, and Western regions of the country by capturing the voices of a diverse array of women involved in different organizations and various aspects of the movement from a number of geographical regions across the state of Virginia. These oral histories also fill a gap in the written historical record by documenting the women's personal reflections and perspectives on how they became feminists, their relationships with other activists, and the relationships between women and various organizations that fought for women's rights.","The content of oral history interviews is personal as it relies on the recollections and opinions of individuals as reported to the interviewer. The audio recording should be considered the primary source for each interview. Transcripts serve as a guide to the interview. As transcription is an interpretive process, transcripts may include errors and omissions.","The audio files are in mp3 format and accessible via any media player capable of playing this format.","The Virginia Feminist Oral History Project consists of oral history interviews that Dr. Megan Taylor Shockley conducted with women involved in second-wave feminism and related activism in Virginia during the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Topics discussed in the oral histories include the interviewees' early lives and education; their experiences as feminists and activists; their work with various local, state, and national organizations; and their perspectives on feminism and the future of the movement. 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