{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Lancaster+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=2"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":20,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05133","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05133","_root_":"vi_vi05133","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05133.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134992\n"],"text":["1134992\n","Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134992\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03398.xml\"\u003e\"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRace not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026amp; directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims by Lawson \u0026amp; Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:33:14.086Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05133","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05133","_root_":"vi_vi05133","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05133","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05133.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134992\n"],"text":["1134992\n","Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922","African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n","Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"," Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134992\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County Health and Medical Records, \n1787-1922"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Lancaster County.","County courts--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Jails--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Physicians--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Lancaster County.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Lancster County.","Local government records--Virginia--Lancaster County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"extent_tesim":[".225 cf; five folders in a regular hollinger box"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological within each series. The Mental Health Records are arranged chronologically, then alphabetically by last name of individual when applicable.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVirginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","Virginia's General Assembly enacted very strict laws governing the practice of smallpox inoculation by 1792. The new act required a license from the county court to administer vaccinations. It also included a penalty of $1,500 or six months' imprisonment for anyone willfully spreading smallpox in a manner other than that specified by the act.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In 1868, the Freedman's Bureau acquired land known as Howard's Grove, (or Howard Grove), located one half mile east of the city of Richmond, on the Mechanicsville Turnpike, in Henrico County. Through a lease from Mr. Bacon Tait (or Tate), the Bureau renovated several barrack-type structures that had been used as a Confederate hospital during the Civil War. The new facility became known as Howard's Grove Freedman's Hospital.\n","The hospital was turned over to the state by way of General Order number 136 issued by Major General Canby, Military Governor of Virginia in December 1869. Beginning January 1, 1870 all African American patients at Eastern Lunatic Asylum in Williamsburg, (the only state institution at the time to accept black patients), as well as all blacks jailed for lunacy from across Virginia, were to be removed to Howard's Grove for treatment. The General Assembly passed legislation in June 1870 renaming the facility the Central Lunatic Asylum and designating it the official \"reception and treatment facility for colored persons of unsound mind.\" This legislation was enacted with the stipulation that the Howard's Grove location was to be temporary.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1787-1922. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records, The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also:\u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi03398.xml\"\u003e\"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\"\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e and \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003e The Chancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also: \"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1787-1926\" .\n","Additional Lancaster County court records can be found on microfilm and in the Chancery Records Index at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"  and   The Chancery Records Index .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOther Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEstate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReferenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRace not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccount for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eReimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026amp; directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLetter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRegarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eClaims by Lawson \u0026amp; Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records 1787-1922, consist of four series: Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900; Mental Health Records, 1827-1900; Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922; and Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908.\n","Accounts Allowed, 1787-1900, include accounts and claims from doctors and/or other individuals for services rendered. These often pertain to house calls, prisoner visits, childbirths, post-mortems, supplies, etc. Items relating to mental health are housed with the Mental Health Records series in this collection. Items associated with coroners' claims are foldered separately here.\n","Mental Health Records, 1827-1900, may include warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were recommended to be committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane may also be present. Some individuals were recommended to the hospital in Williamsburg which later became Eastern State Hospital. Individuals who were referenced as \"colored\" or who were recommended to a Central Lunatic Asylum or the hospital at Petersburg or Richmond are noted. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1858-1922, consist of papers relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Lancaster County. See Documents of Interest list below. \n","Other Epidemic Records: Tuberculosis information, 1908 consists folder of material generally related to tuberculosis.\n","Estate referenced as having \"one negro slave worth about $500.00\" as part of his estate.\n","A \"freedman\" to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to the lunatic asylum at Richmond.\n","Referenced as colored and to be sent to Central Lunatic Asylum.\n","Race not referenced, but to be sent to the Lunatic Asylum at Petersburg.\n","Account for Henry Edmonds' medical services in April.\n","Reimbursements to Thad King for nursing, to Granville Harvey for nursing patient William Brown, and to Thomas S. Dunaway and Thomas Brown for making/providing clothing/bedding during March-April. \n","Documents related to treatment of a smallpox outbreak and the use of the houses of Charles Nutt and (?) Nickens as hospitals in January, and W.B. Payne's in April; detailed inventory of food, clothing, toiletries, and supplies used in hospitals and for local families under quarantine, some under guard; Doctor James Simmonds' report re smallpox treatment and vaccinations and the lack of success of some early vaccinations; reported 19 cases, 7 deaths; patients include Hiram Kenner and Lizzie Moore; Superintendent L.C. Leland in charge of the hospitals; two nurses Presley Cox and William L. Smith; two messengers George Walker and B.S. Jacobs; Dr. W.J. Newbill involved at Payne's house and nursing Lizzie Moore as well as vaccinating six patients; reimbursements to individuals Nickens, Rice, Hughlett, and Payne, who lost or donated property to be used; Payne was reimbursed $35.50 for loss of his home, which was \"used as hospital \u0026 directed to be burned as it could not be cleaned.\"\n","Claims for reimbursement to individuals during smallpox outbreaks during summer 1900: to Milliam Johnson and Christiana Smith for various services at Captain Joseph Bellows'; to Richard Lee for nursing Mr. Mullin 20 days and for destroyed clothing; to J.W. Brilheart for boarding four patients at Belle Isle for five weeks. \n","Letter regarding cancelling meeting at \"Queen Ester\" due to prevalence of smallpox; claim of T.O. Smither for supplies to a smallpox patient; claim of C.S. Haynie regarding Leonard Jones, suspected of smallpox.\n","Regarding quarantine and treatment of Isaac Parks between July and Aug 1907.\n","Claims by Lawson \u0026 Dunton, Inc. for various services during smallpox epidemic near White Stone.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":14,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:33:14.086Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05133"}},{"id":"vi_vi03156","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1913-1918","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) 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Birth and Death Records, \n1913-1918","Public records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County ","Birth records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County ","Death records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County ","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County ","Vital statistics -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","1 box","There are no restrictions.\n","Arranged chronologically.\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","The Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["The Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.","In 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"","The recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.","A law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.","Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"","RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n","The Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1161992\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1913-1918"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1913-1918"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, \n1913-1918"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLaws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. A similar act passed in 1659 stated that \"enquiries are often made for persons imported into the collonie, of whose death no positive certificate can be granted for want of registers.\" Few records survive from these early decades.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1713, the General Assembly noted that earlier acts had \"for a long time been disused\" and once again directed the recording of births and deaths by the minister or clerk of each parish. A return made the same year noted that the list of births and deaths was not complete since many parishes failed to make returns \"for tis a thing so new to the people that neither they care to Register their Births and Burials, nor are the Parish Clerks yet brought into a regular method of transmitting them.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe recording of vital statistics continued to be an ecclesiastical function throughout the colonial period. With the disestablishment of the Anglican church after the American Revolution and the rise of other religious denominations, the record-keeping process for vital statistics fell more and more to the individual family. By the mid-nineteenth century, however, medical science began to recognize the advantages of accurate birth and mortality information in controlling and treating communicable diseases. Pressure from local and national health organizations and medical professionals resulted in the passage of vital statistics registration laws. Virginia was one of the earliest states to pass such a law.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA law requiring the systematic statewide recording of births and deaths was passed by the General Assembly on April 11 1853. Every commissioner of revenue registered births and deaths in his district annually, at the same time personal property subject to taxation was ascertained. The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.  \n","Laws requiring the recording of births and deaths in Virginia were enacted as early as 1632, when a law directed ministers or churchwardens in each parish to present a \"register of all burialls, christenings, and marriages\" yearly at the June meeting of the court. 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The commissioner recorded births and deaths that had occurred prior to 31 December of the preceding year and returned the record to the clerk of court by 1 June. Information was obtained from heads of family, physicians, surgeons, or coroners. The law imposed penalties for failing to furnish or collect the information.","The clerk of court in each locality entered the information supplied by the commissioner into registers and prepared an accompanying alphabetical index. A copy of each register was forwarded to the Auditor of Public Accounts. The law went into effect on 1 July 1853, and continued until 1896, when an economy-conscious legislature repealed the recording provisions.","There was no statewide recording of births and deaths between 1896 and 1912. Several metropolitan areas continued to keep records of births and deaths for all or part of the period between 1896 and 1912. Systematic statewide registration began again in June 1912."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.vdh.state.va.us/\"\u003eVirginia Department of Health.\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be obtained through the  Virginia Department of Health.","Additional Lancaster County Vital Statistic Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eInformation is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Birth and Death Records, 1913-1918, consist of birth and death registers.\n","Information is occasionally missing from the records. If an infant had not been named at the time of birth or death, the entry would record only the surname or note \"Smith, infant.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFor copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["RESTRICTED Birth records are closed for 100 years after the date of birth. (Code of Virginia 32.1-271, 42.1-78).\n","For copies of birth certificates within the 100 year restriction, contact the Virginia Department of Health, Office of Vital Records and Health Statistics.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eThe Library of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["The Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:49:43.561Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03156"}},{"id":"vi_vi06214","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi06214","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06214","_root_":"vi_vi06214","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06214","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06214.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936",".","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into 13 series: \n Series I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836 Series II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898 Series III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856 Series IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936 Series V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857 Series VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800 Series VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815 Series VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842 Series IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846 Series X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801 Series XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835 Series XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850 Series XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.","Encoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n","Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n","Historical Information:  Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n","The volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","The volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","Historical Information:  The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.","Scope and Content: The business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n","Historical Information: Eubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.","The journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t","The account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t","Historical Information: Hammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n","Historical Information: John S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.","The daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t","The daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t","Historical Information: Stokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.","Scope and Content: The business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n","Historical Informtation:  Thomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.","Historical Information:  The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n","Historical Information: Waddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Historical Information: \nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n","Historical Information: \nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n","The ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t","The daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Lancaster County in 2004 under the accession numbers 41565 and under an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 13 series: \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 13 series: \n Series I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836 Series II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898 Series III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856 Series IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936 Series V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857 Series VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800 Series VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815 Series VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842 Series IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846 Series X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801 Series XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835 Series XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850 Series XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.","Encoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA105\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eEubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eStokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Informtation: \u003c/emph\u003eThomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWaddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e\nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e\nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n","Historical Information:  Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n","The volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","The volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","Historical Information:  The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.","Scope and Content: The business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n","Historical Information: Eubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.","The journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t","The account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t","Historical Information: Hammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n","Historical Information: John S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.","The daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t","The daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t","Historical Information: Stokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.","Scope and Content: The business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n","Historical Informtation:  Thomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.","Historical Information:  The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n","Historical Information: Waddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Historical Information: \nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n","Historical Information: \nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n","The ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t","The daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:05:38.378Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi06214","ead_ssi":"vi_vi06214","_root_":"vi_vi06214","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi06214","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi06214.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936",".","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged into 13 series: \n Series I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836 Series II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898 Series III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856 Series IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936 Series V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857 Series VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800 Series VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815 Series VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842 Series IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846 Series X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801 Series XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835 Series XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850 Series XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.","Encoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n","Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"","The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n","Historical Information:  Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n","The volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","The volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","Historical Information:  The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.","Scope and Content: The business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n","Historical Information: Eubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.","The journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t","The account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t","Historical Information: Hammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n","Historical Information: John S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.","The daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t","The daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t","Historical Information: Stokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.","Scope and Content: The business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n","Historical Informtation:  Thomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.","Historical Information:  The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n","Historical Information: Waddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Historical Information: \nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n","Historical Information: \nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n","The ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t","The daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records,  \n1796-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Lancaster County in 2004 under the accession numbers 41565 and under an undated accession.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["."],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes; 0.1 cubic feet (1 folder)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into 13 series: \n\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into 13 series: \n Series I: Business Records of Benjamin Waddey, 1809-1836 Series II: Business Records of B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company, 1893-1898 Series III: Business Records of Eubank and Dunaway, 1855-1856 Series IV: Business Records of the Hammell Oyster Company, 1929-1936 Series V: Business Records of John S. Chowning, 1855-1857 Series VI: Business Records of Stokeley Towles, 1796-1800 Series VII: Business Records of the Thomas West Tavern, 1809-1815 Series VIII: Business Records of an Unidentified Business, 1838-1842 Series IX: Business Records of an Unidentified General Store, 1839-1846 Series X: Business Records of an Unidentified Merchant, 1796-1801 Series XI: Business Records of Waddey and Payne, 1832-1835 Series XII: Business Records of Warner Eubank, 1845-1850 Series XIII: Business Records of West and Adam, 1804-1809"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debut suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History:  Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Business Records, 1796-1936. [include volume title]. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Prior to 2024, the various business records in this collection were originally described as individual records, but they have been consolidated into one large business record for the locality.","These records were processed by P. Connelly and Greg Crawford between 2000 and 2003.","Encoded by J. Taylor: October 2024.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA105\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eEubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eHammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eJohn S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eStokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Informtation: \u003c/emph\u003eThomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eThe unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003eWaddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e\nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003eThe business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eHistorical Information:\u003c/emph\u003e\nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eScope and Content:\u003c/emph\u003e The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The business records of Lancaster County consist of account books, daybooks, journals, a testimonal book, ledgers, and loose records. \n","Historical Information:  Benjamin owned a general store in the town of Lancaster, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of Benjamin Waddey consist of a daybook and a cash account book.\n","The volume recorded, on a daily basis, cash received by Benjamin Waddey's general store from merchandise sold. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, items sold, quantity of each item sold, and total amount of cash received for items sold. Items sold include spices, liquor, dry-goods, powder, molasses, nails, soap, brimstone, and paper. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","The volume recorded, in chronological order, the daily transactions of an Benjamin Waddey's general store. Information recorded in the daybook includes name of customer, date of transaction, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes spices, nails, dry-goods, clothing, cigars, saw files, pocket knives, cheese, paper, cologne, bacon, and tin cups. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n\t","Historical Information:  The B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company was founded in Alexandria, Virginia in 1897 by Bartholomew Smith and headquartered in Washington D.C. Smith focused his firm on drawing the interest of county clerks' offices and courthouses as the loss of public records to fire was a frequent problem of the era. The construction company built public buildings in North Carolina and Virginia between 1897 and 1914.","Scope and Content: The business records of the B.F. Smith Fire-Proof Construction Company consist of a testimonial book. The volume consists of testimonial letters from local governments in Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia attesting to work performed by the company. The company specializes in constructing fire proof structures. This volume is directed at Counties that may be contemplating building or remodeling governmental structures that house valuable records.\n","Historical Information: Eubank and Dunaway was a general store that conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century in the town of Lancaster Court House, Virginia. Warner Eubank was one of the partners in the business. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-18884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Eubank and Dunaway consist of a journal and an account book.","The journal  was used as a daybook recording transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from June 1855-June 1856. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, and the amount owed. Merchandise sold include raisins, dry-goods, knives, wine, boots, plate glass, and onions. Volume is in poor condition due to torn spine.\n\t","The account book of Eubank and Dunaway is divided into three sections. The first section recorded a list of bonds with interest due Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in entries include name of bondholder, number of bonds held, date bond was due, amount of interest owed, and the total amount owed or paid. The second section records a list of accounts for 1855 to be collected by James R. Stephens. Information found in each entry includes name of customer and amount to be collected. The third section records an inventory of stock taken March 1856 of Eubank and Dunaway. Information found in each entry includes name of item, quantity of item, price per item, and total value of item. Items in stock include beaver, strychnine, dry-goods, table cloths, hair brushes, dishware, and pocket knives.\n\t","Historical Information: Hammell Oyster Company conducted business in Lancaster County during the early twentieth century. It planted and harvested oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Ansley B. Hammell and his son Hopkins J. Hammell were partners in the business.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Hammell Oyster Company consist of loose leaf documents which documented the company finances, business practices, and matters relating to the planting and harvesting of oysters in the James and Rappahannock Rivers. Receipts, 1933-1935, show profits and expenditures for sale of oysters and supplies. Also included are company minutes, 1933, detailing business practices.\n","Historical Information: John S. Chowning owned a general store in the town of Merry Point, which conducted business during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of John S. Chowning consist of a daybook and a journal.","The daybook recorded in chronological order the general store's daily transactions. Information recorded in the daybook includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Merchandise sold includes oysters, silk handkerchiefs, dry goods, clothing, fish, whiskey, cheese, turpentine, shoes, spices, and starch.\n\t","The daybook recorded the accounts of individual customers each month. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, name of customer, merchandise purchased, quantity purchased, price of each item, and amount owed. Transactions recorded in journal for October 1855 - October 1857 are a duplicate of transactions found in daybook for the same time period.\n\t","Historical Information: Stokeley Towles was a lawyer in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late eighteenth century. He also served as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.","Scope and Content: The business records of Stokeley Towles consist of a ledger, labelled \"Ledger C.\" The ledger recorded the accounts of individual clients. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, legal service rendered, form of payment, and amount owed or paid. Legal services include drawing up legal documents, offering legal advice, and representing clients in chancery and judgment suits. Form of payments include cash, credit, and barter such as use of enslaved people for a certain period of time. Volume also includes accounts that record payments for services rendered by Towles on behalf of the Commonwealth of Virginia and as Commonwealth's Attorney in both Richmond and Lancaster counties.\n","Historical Informtation:  Thomas West owned a tavern located at Lancaster Courthouse in Lancaster County during the early 19th century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the Thomas West Tavern consist of daybooks and ledgers.  The daybooks record transactions on a daily basis. Entries include name of customer, date of transaction, items purchased or services rendered, amount owed and paid. The ledgers record the individual accounts of customers and the tavern's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transactions, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Transactions include renting rooms, serving meals, selling alcoholic drinks, and feeding horses. Alcoholic drinks served include brandy, grog, julip, toddy, whiskey, and wine. Payments made by cash and credit. The tavern's controlling accounts include expense account, cash account, bonds receivable, and bonds payable. Ledger C includes an index that lists names of customers in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers account could be found.\n","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified business consist of a ledger. The ledger records the accounts of individual customers. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general term \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine. Several pages were torn from volume.\n","Historical Information: The unidentified general store conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of the unidentified general store consist of an account book. It recorded the indivdual accounts of customers. Information found in each entry include date of transaction, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, and total amount owed and paid. Items purchased include whiskey, candles, coffee, dry goods, knives, shoes, clothing, and spices. Items paid by cash and credit. The volume includes an index listing the names of customers in alphabetical order and the page number where their accounts can be found.","Historical Information:  The unidentified merchant conducted business in Lancaster County, Virginia during the late 18th century.","Scope and Content:  The business records of the unidentified merchant consist of three ledgers. They record the accounts of individual customers and the merchant's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" The merchant also hired out enslaved people to customers. Payments made by cash, credit, labor, hire of enslaved people, or barter of items such as corn, wheat, tobacco, chickens, fodder, and brandy. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, corn account, expenses account, cash account, wheat account, and beans account. Ledger F includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order. All three volumes are in poor condition. Ledgers C and E have pages missing.\n","Historical Information: Waddy and Payne was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster County during the mid-nineteenth century.","Scope and Content: The business records of Waddey and Payne consists of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, merchandise sold, quantity of items sold, price per item, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Items sold include shoes, bacon, candles, alum, dry goods, clothing, coffee, pencils, tobacco, spices, nails, and scissors. Payments made by cash, credit, and labor. The store's controlling accounts include wheat account, bean account, and corn account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found. Volume is in poor condition due to damaged spine.\n","Historical Information: \nThe general store owned by Warner Eubank conducted business in Lancaster County Court House, Virginia during the mid-nineteenth century. He also served as county clerk of Lancaster County during the following years, 1856-1884.","Scope and Content: The business records of Warner Eubank consist of a ledger. It recorded the accounts of individual customers and the store's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding journal or daybook, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" Payments made by cash and credit. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bond account, cash account, and interest account. Volume includes an index at the front that lists customers' names in alphabetical order and page numbers where customers' accounts can be found.\n","Historical Information: \nWest and Adam was a general store that conducted business in Lancaster Court House, Virginia, during the early 19th century. It was owned by Thomas West and John Adam. Information found in the volumes were used as evidence in court cases heard in Lancaster County.","Scope and Content:  The business records of West and Adam consist of a daybook and a ledger. Both volumes are in poor condition.\n","The ledger recorded the accounts of individual customers and West and Adam's controlling accounts. Each account lists transactions in chronological order. Information found in each entry includes date of transaction, form of transaction, page number of transaction found in corresponding daybooks, amount owed, form of payment, and amount paid. Volume does not contain detailed information regarding items sold by the merchant. Rather, it uses the general terms \"sundries\" and \"merchandise.\" For more detailed information regarding items sold see corresponding daybook. The merchant's controlling accounts include merchandise account, bonds payable, bonds receivable, tobacco, corn, and cash account.\n\t","The daybook recorded transactions as they occurred on a daily basis from March 1806 - June 1807. Information found in each entry includes name of customer, items purchased, quantity of items purchased, cost per item, amount owed, and amount paid. Merchandise sold include clothing, brandy, spices, dry-goods, scissors, knives, pipes, and almanacs. Payments made predominantly by cash and credit. Information in daybook was transferred to the customer's individual account in corresponding ledger.\n\t"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:05:38.378Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi06214"}},{"id":"vi_vi02280","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02280","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02280","_root_":"vi_vi02280","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02280.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936","Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n"," \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type: \n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n","Locality History: \n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","Lancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.","Digital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n","Additional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program","Item previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023.","Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","The suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n","The plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n","There are no restrictions. \n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Orange County (Va.) in 2012 under accession number 50291 and under an undated accession. An additional record was returned from the National Archives in November 1949 under accession number 23476d.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n"," \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n","Locality History: \n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Lancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.","Digital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n","Additional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program","Item previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","The suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n","The plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:34:49.975Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02280","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02280","_root_":"vi_vi02280","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02280","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02280.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936","Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n","Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n"," \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)","Context for Record Type: \n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n","Locality History: \n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","Lancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.","Digital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n","Additional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program","Item previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023.","Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","The suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n","The plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n","There are no restrictions. \n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, \n1722-1936"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Orange County (Va.) in 2012 under accession number 50291 and under an undated accession. An additional record was returned from the National Archives in November 1949 under accession number 23476d.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Digital images; 25.8 cubic feet (66 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/chancery/\"\u003eChancery Records Index\u003c/extref\u003e available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, use digital images found on the  Chancery Records Index  available electronically at the website of the Library of Virginia.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized by case, of which each is assigned a unique index number comprised of the latest year found in case and a sequentially increasing 3-digit number assigned by the processor as cases for that year are found. Arranged chronologically.\n"," \nArrangement of documents within each folder are as follows: Bill, Answer, and Final Decree (if found.)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e\n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: \n Chancery Causes are cases of equity. According to Black's Law Dictionary they are \"administered according to fairness as contrasted with the strictly formulated rules of common law.\" A judge, not a jury, determines the outcome of the case; however, the judge is basing the decision on findings compiled and documented by Commissioners. Chancery causes are useful when researching local history, genealogical information, and land or estate divisions. They are a valuable source of local, state, social, and legal history and serve as a primary source for understanding a locality's history. Chancery causes document the lived experiences of free and enslaved individuals; women; children; people living with physical disabilities or mental health struggles; people living in poverty; defunct institutions and corporate entities; or those that may not have otherwise left traditional written histories. \n","Locality History: \n Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936. (Cite style of suit and chancery index no.). Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDigital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eItem previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["Lancaster County was processed in three separate batches. The first batch was completed in 1994. Additional records were later found at the Library of Virginia and processed in 2008. The final batch was completed in 2012 after an additional accession was transferred to the Library of Virginia from the Lancaster County Circuit Court. Each successive batch of processed records was indexed and filed at the end of the series rather than interfiled.","Digital images were generated by Crowley Micrographics in 2007 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program.\n","Additional records transferred to the Library of Virginia in 2012 were digitized by Backstage Library Works in 2013 through the Library of Virginia's Circuit Court Records Preservation Program","Item previously cataloged as \"Lancaster County (Va.) Will of Archibald Hinton, 1854\" under accession number 23476d has been interfiled in the cause 1856-012: Admr. of Archibald Hinton etc. vs. John Robbins etc. by J. Taylor; 2023.","Encoded by G. Crawford: 2007; Updated by J. Taylor: August 2023."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia.  Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Chancery Causes, 1722-1936, consists of cases concerning issues of equity brought largely by residents of the county and filed in the circuit court. These cases often involve the following actions: divisions of estates or land, disputes over wills, disputes regarding contracts, debt, divorce, and business disputes. Other less prevalent issues include freedom suits, permissions to sell property, and disputes concerning trespass. Predominant documents found in these chancery causes include bills (documents the plaintiff's complaint), answers (defendant's response to the plaintiff's complaint), decrees (court's decision), depositions, affidavits, correspondence, lists of heirs, deeds, plats, wills, records involving enslaved individuals, business records or vital statistics.\n","The suit discusses the complexities of blended families in the eighteenth century. Widower Johnn Carter married widow Mary Pollard in 1754. Both had children from previous marriages. Carter refers to the strained relationship with his stepchildren. \n","The plaintiffs in this consolidated suit wanted the court's assistance to divide the vast real and personal property of the deceased brothers James and William Kelley. Both were also partners in a mercantile business located in Kilmarnock. They left a vast inheritance to the Protestant Episcopal Theological Seminary and Protestant Episcopal High School near Alexandria, Virginia and to the Protestant Episcopal Domestic and Foreign Missionary Society. The brothers jointly and separately enslaved people to work on their plantations, Richland and Lynums. The brothers, in their wills, emanipated all the people they had enslaved and left them funds, on the condition the newly freed people use the money for their transportation to Liberia. Jerry and Armistead, two of the enslaved men, chose to be re-enslaved rather than move to Liberia.  \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions. \n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T09:34:49.975Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02280"}},{"id":"vi_vi03398","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003e Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03398","_root_":"vi_vi03398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03398.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926",".23 cubic feet (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.","Context for Record Type: ","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:   Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","These records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.","In March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.","Encoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026.","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Lancaster County in an undated accession. A portion of the records came in 2012 under the accession number 50291. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: ","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:   Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["These records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.","In March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.","Encoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05133.xml\"\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02632.xml\"\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03398","_root_":"vi_vi03398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03398.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"text":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926",".23 cubic feet (1 box)","There are no restrictions.\n","This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.","Context for Record Type: ","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:   Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.","These records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.","In March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.","Encoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026.","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n1792-1926"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Lancaster County in an undated accession. A portion of the records came in 2012 under the accession number 50291. \n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".23 cubic feet (1 box)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type: \u003c/emph\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History: \u003c/emph\u003e Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type: ","A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:   Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, VA.\n"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information\n"],"processinfo_tesim":["These records were processed around 2012 by Ed Jordan. At this time, Ed Jordan also indexed the inquests concerning Black and Multiracial individuals pre-1865 for the purposes of the Virginia Untold Digital Collection.","In March 2026, M. Mason indexed the remaining pre-1865 and all post-1865 inquests for the purposes of the Coroners' Inquisition Digital Collection.","Encoded by L. Travis, 2012; Updated by M. Mason, March 2026."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi05133.xml\"\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSee also: \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://ead.lib.virginia.edu/vivaxtf/view?docId=lva/vi02632.xml\"\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records \u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecords related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://lva.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01LVA_INST:VU\"\u003eVirginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection \u003c/extref\u003e on the Library of Virginia website.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA131\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Health and Medical Records","See also:  Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records ","Records related to free and enslaved people of Lancaster County (Va.) and other localities are available through the  Virginia Untold: The African American Narrative Digital Collection   on the Library of Virginia website.","Additional Lancaster County (Va.) court records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia.Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003e  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["  Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Lancaster County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1792-1926, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T10:38:47.577Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03398"}},{"id":"vi_vi02632","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02632","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02632","_root_":"vi_vi02632","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02632.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"text":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931","African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Lancaster County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVerdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:06:34.069Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02632","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02632","_root_":"vi_vi02632","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02632","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02632.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"text":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931","African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological\n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1134605, 1134628, 1134634-1134639, 1134641, 1134643, 1134644, 1135003\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, \ncirca 1787-1931"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in shipments of court papers from Lancaster County.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Assault and battery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Crime -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Criminals -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Larceny -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Libel and slander -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Murder -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Rape -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Tax evasion -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Indictments -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Summons -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Verdicts -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Warrants (Law) -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["5.4 cu. ft. (12 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Court Records for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"","Additional Lancaster County criminal records may be found at the Lancaster County Courthouse and the Library of Virginia.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWarrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSummonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAn indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVerdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Criminal Court Records, circa 1787-1931 are criminal court cases and consist primarily of warrants, summons, indictments, and verdicts handed down by grand juries and other legal authorities in order to prosecute individuals who violated the penal code. These offenses ranged in severity from murder, rape, assault and battery, and larceny to tax evasion and slander. Criminal offenders and victims who appear in cases prior to the abolition of slavery in Virginia in 1865 included both free and enslaved persons.\n","Warrants were issued by grand juries, judges, and justices of the peace directing law enforcement officials to either arrest and imprison a person suspected of having committed a crime or to cause an individual to appear in court to answer accusations made against them. Peace warrants directing an offender to \"keep the peace of the Commonwealth\" or to restrain from any violent acts are commonly found in assault and battery cases.\n","Summonses were used to call a suspected person to appear in court. A summons could also be issued to direct witnesses or victims to come before the court in order to provide evidence or information deemed pertinent to a case.\n","An indictment is the official, written description of the crime that an accused individual is suspected of committing, which is approved by a grand jury and presented to a court in order to begin legal proceedings. Due to this process, indictments are often referred to as \"presentments.\"\n","Verdicts are the formal pronouncements made by juries on issues submitted to them by a judge or other law enforcement official. In the case of a guilty verdict, a judge will sentence the offender. Sentences may include a fine, corporal punishment, and/or imprisonment.\nCoroners also submitted verdicts such as \"death by suicide,\" \"death by natural causes,\" etc. when determining the cause of a suspicious or sudden death.   \n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T11:06:34.069Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02632"}},{"id":"vi_vi02497","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, \n1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02497#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02497","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02497","_root_":"vi_vi02497","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02497","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02497.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, \n1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, \n1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091\n"],"text":["1050428-1050430, 1050432-1050437, 1133884, 1133887-1133891, 1138007, 0007777090, and 0007777091\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, \n1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","8.45 cu. ft. (19 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological. \n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) 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Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Lancaster County. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["8.45 cu. ft. (19 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898). Local Government Records Collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898). Local Government Records Collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBarcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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Deeds, \n1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898)","African Americans -- History","Land subdivision -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaveholders -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slavery -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Slaves -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Land records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Local government records -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","Mortgage deeds -- Virginia -- Lancaster County","8.45 cu. ft. (19 boxes)","There are no restrictions.\n","Chronological. \n","Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. Appended to the deed may be a memorandum of livery of seisin, stating that the property has changed hands and that peaceful possession has taken place.\n","Deeds of gift are often found transferring property, either real or personal, from one individual to another \"for love and affection.\" The degree of kinship, if any, between the grantor and grantee is sometimes stated.\n","Mortgages and deeds of trust were deeds where one party is indebted to another and transfers or mortgages property to a third party to secure the debt.\n","The collection may include additional record types that were recorded in deed books such as officials' bonds, fiduciary records, marriage records, road and bridge records, and bills of sale of property including slaves.\n","Barcode numbers 0007777090 and 0007777091 consists of deeds and bills of sale related to transactions of enslaved people.","There are no restrictions.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Lancaster County (Va.) 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(19 boxes)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological. \n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county.  It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898). Local Government Records Collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898). Local Government Records Collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDeed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Deed Books and Indices to Deeds for Lancaster County can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm","Additional Lancaster County records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDeeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. 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Deeds, 1656-1914 (bulk 1833-1898) consist of deeds of bargain and sale, deeds of gift, mortgages, and deeds of trust. On presentation to the court, deeds were proved and recorded. If the deed was not witnessed, the grantor acknowledged the deed in open court. A few of the deeds include plats. \n","Deeds of bargain and sale are the most commonly recorded deed in which one individual sells property, usually land, but occasionally personal property, to another individual. Such deeds show the names of the grantor and grantee, the residence of both parties, a description of what is being sold, the consideration (or price), the location of the tract of land, the tract's boundaries, and any limitations on the property being sold. The deed was signed by the grantor, and possibly his wife or anyone else having a claim to the property, and by at least two witnesses. 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These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00792#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi00792","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00792","_root_":"vi_vi00792","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00792.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0007711550\n"],"text":["0007711550\n","Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818",".10 cu. ft.","There are no restrictions.\n","Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n","Enslaved people sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of enslaver(s) to abide by the 1778 \"slave nonimportation act\" (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by enslaver(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at  Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection .\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007711550\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".10 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslaved people sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of enslaver(s) to abide by the 1778 \"slave nonimportation act\" (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by enslaver(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. 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County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan/\"\u003eVirginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at  Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:45:33.969Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi00792","ead_ssi":"vi_vi00792","_root_":"vi_vi00792","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi00792","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi00792.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at  Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection .\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n","There are no restrictions.\n","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["0007711550\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"collection_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Lancaster County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".10 cu. ft."],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions\n"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. The county seat is Lancaster.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEnslaved people sued for emancipation in freedom suits based on the following: they were descendant(s) of a free female ancestor, typically a Native American (Hening Statutes, volume 2, p.170); failure of enslaver(s) to abide by the 1778 \"slave nonimportation act\" (Henings Statutes, volume 9, pp. 471-472); or claimed to have been freed by enslaver(s) by deed of emancipation or last will and testament (Henings Statutes volume 11, pp. 39-40)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named probably for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties sometime between 26 March and 16 September 1651. The county court first met on 1 January 1652. 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County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.virginiamemory.com/collections/aan/\"\u003eVirginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection\u003c/extref\u003e.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, is available at  Virginia Untold: the African American Narrative digital collection .\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia’s collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Lancaster County (Va.) County Judgments (Freedom Suits), 1818, consist of one suit: Billy and others versus Ezekiel G. Shearman. Suits initiated by enslaved people seeking to gain their freedom on the law side of the court. Cases are identified by style of suit consisting of plaintiff and defendant names. Surnames of others involved in a suit, including secondary plaintiffs and defendants, witnesses, deponents and affiants, and family members with surnames different from the plaintiff or defendant are indexed. Also identified are names of enslaved and enslavers found in suit as well as whether enslaved won their freedom. Predominant documents found in freedom suits include petitions, records of suits, depositions, affidavits, wills, among other items. Information found in documents include enslaved's argument for freedom, acquisition of enslaved people by enslavers, ancestry of enslaved people, and relationship between enslaved and enslavers.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T08:45:33.969Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi00792"}},{"id":"vi_vi03274","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Lancaster County (Va.) List of Tithables, \n1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, 1781.","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03274#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lancaster County (Va.) 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It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants. For a more detailed history of tithables, consult the Library of Virginia's website for \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/guides/rn17_tithables.htm\"\u003eColonial Tithables\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Lancaster County was named for the English county. It was formed from Northumberland and York Counties in 1651.\n","In seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Virginia, the term \"tithable\" referred to a person who paid (or for whom someone else paid) one of the taxes imposed by the General Assembly for the support of civil government in the colony. In colonial Virginia, a poll tax or capitation tax was assessed on free white males, African American slaves, and Native American servants (both male and female), all age sixteen or older. Owners and masters paid the taxes levied on their slaves and servants. For a more detailed history of tithables, consult the Library of Virginia's website for  Colonial Tithables"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Lists of Tithables, 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, 1781. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Lists of Tithables, 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, 1781. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Va. 23219.\n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Tax and Fiscal Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"https://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/results_all.asp?CountyID=VA147\"\u003e\"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\"\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Tax and Fiscal Records can be found on microfilm at The Library of Virginia web site. Consult  \"A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm.\""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Lists of Tithables, 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, 1781, consists of the list of tithable heads of household in the county for the years 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, and 1781.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Lists of Tithables, 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, 1781, consists of the list of tithable heads of household in the county for the years 1734, 1745-1746, 1775-1777, 1779, and 1781.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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Minute Books, 1712-1715, 1801-1804, record all matters brought before the court on a daily basis when it was in session including but not limited to: civil and criminal suits, appointments of county officers, appointments of guardians and administrators, deed recordings, free negro registrations, naturalization registrations, and court fees. Clerks would transfer information from minute books to appropriate order book, deed book, fiduciary book, free negro register, etc. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi04319#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi04319","ead_ssi":"vi_vi04319","_root_":"vi_vi04319","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi04319","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi04319.xml","title_ssm":["Lancaster County (Va.) Minute Books, \n1712-1715, 1801-1804"],"title_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) 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Minute Books, 1712-1715, 1801-1804. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Minute Books, 1712-1715, 1801-1804. Local government records collection, Lancaster County Court Records. The Library of Virginia, Richmond, Virginia 23219. \n"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdditional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult \u003cextref type=\"simple\" href=\"http://www.lva.virginia.gov/public/local/\"\u003eA Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm\u003c/extref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material\n"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Additional Lancaster County Court Records can be found on microfilm at the Library of Virginia. Consult  A Guide to Virginia County and City Records on Microfilm"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLancaster County (Va.) Minute Books, 1712-1715, 1801-1804, record all matters brought before the court on a daily basis when it was in session including but not limited to: civil and criminal suits, appointments of county officers, appointments of guardians and administrators, deed recordings, free negro registrations, naturalization registrations, and court fees. Clerks would transfer information from minute books to appropriate order book, deed book, fiduciary book, free negro register, etc.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Minute Books, 1712-1715, 1801-1804, record all matters brought before the court on a daily basis when it was in session including but not limited to: civil and criminal suits, appointments of county officers, appointments of guardians and administrators, deed recordings, free negro registrations, naturalization registrations, and court fees. Clerks would transfer information from minute books to appropriate order book, deed book, fiduciary book, free negro register, etc.\n"],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions\n"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","Lancaster County (Va.) County Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Lancaster County (Va.) Circuit Court","Lancaster County (Va.) 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