{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=James+Arsenault+and+Co.\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=James+Arsenault+and+Co.\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=James+Arsenault+and+Co.\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":11,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1206","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alice E. 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Nutt letter","Abolitionists","Very good","The collection is open for research use.","Alice E. Nutt-Wise (1831-1905) married Peter Wise (1830-1893), an Alexandria banker. She was the daughter of Major William D. Nutt who was an ardent secessionist who enslaved 105 people on his farm. He worked as a clerk for the United States Department of the Treasury until resigning in 1861. He fled his property as Union troops arrived in September 1861. His home was burned to the ground by General Louis Blenker's troops. He took a position in Richmond, Virginia as a clerk with the Confederate Treasury Department. In 1863 the Union army converted Nutt's property into a contraband farm named Camp Rucker, the camp constituing one of five that were established across Northern Virginia.","Reparative Note: Alice E. Nutt writes about her criticism of the recently published work (1852), Uncle Tom's Cabin and her disdain for abolitionist efforts by English noblewomen. 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McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\" The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. 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James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:50:22.235Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1637","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1637.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196320","title_filing_ssi":"McClean, Archibald letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"unitdate_ssm":["16 February 1842"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["16 February 1842"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"text":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637","Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia","Enslavers","Adams, John, Quincy","enslaved persons","Abolitionists","The collection is open for research use.","Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.","This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.","This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16829","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1637"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_title_tesim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"collection_ssim":["Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Enslavers"],"geogname_ssim":["Enslavers"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Enslavers"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. 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James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMcClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Archibald McClean (1766-1845), a well connected Virginia lawyer (who was born in Freehold Township, New Jersey and graduated from the University of Pennsylvania in 1792) supports both John Quincy Adams and anti-slavery measures in Virginia in a letter to Francis James (1799-1886). James is a Pennsylvania congressman, lawyer, Anti-Masonic, Whig member. McClean praised John Quincy Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule.In the House, Adams became a champion of free speech, demanding that petitions against slavery be heard despite a \"gag rule\" that said they could not be heard. In 1836 Southern Congressmen voted in a rule, called the \"gag rule,\" that called for the immediate tabling of any petitions about slavery. Congress had been flooded with petitions signed by citizens protesting slavery; most originated from the Anti-Slavery Society based in New York. The Gag rule (of 1840) prevented discussion of slavery from 1836 to 1844, but Adams frequently managed to evade it by parliamentary skill. Adams supported anti-slavery issues during his seventeen-year congressional career, which began after his presidency.Using unconventional tactics, Adams evaded and ignored the gag rule until his persistence irritated his colleagues to the point that he was threatened with censure. Although the House never voted to censure Adams, the discussion ignited by his actions and the attempts of others to quiet him raised questions of the right to petition, the right to legislative debate, and the morality of slavery. During the censure debate, Adams said that he took delight in the fact that southerners would forever remember him as \"the acutest, the astutest, the archest enemy of southern slavery that ever existed\".","McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. He also requests a copy of Adams speech on the Amistad case."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis item was treated for paper mending in October 2024.\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Conservation Treatment"],"odd_tesim":["This item was treated for paper mending in October 2024."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16829, Archibald McClean letter to Francis James supporting anti-slavery measures in Virginia, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a single letter from Colonel Archibald McClean to Pennsylvania Congressman Honorable Francis James, dated February 16, 1842. McClean, a well-connected Virginia lawyer, expresses his support for the anti-slavery efforts of John Quincy Adams. McClean notes his interest in \"the debate which has been going on for some time in your House [of Representatives] upon the resolution for censuring Mr. [John Quincy] Adams for presenting a petition which was unpalatable to at least a portion of the members.\"  The Gag Rule of 1840 silenced Adams's opposition to slavery. McClean praised Adams in the letter and voiced his belief that Adams would ultimately prevail against the gag rule. McClean also discusses the Southerners in Congress who opposed Adams and their hypocritical posture toward the enslaved and America's failure to agree with England on a reciprocal right to search each other's vessels to suppress the slave trade, as England had already abolished slavery in 1833. McClean also requests a copy of John Quincy Adams speech on Amistad."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["McClean, Archibald, 1766-1845"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:50:22.235Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1637"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel. Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1630.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196224","title_filing_ssi":"Emanuel, Bessie photo album at Hampton Institute","title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"text":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630","Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","Student life","African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.","Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf","This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"collection_ssim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["Student life"],"geogname_ssim":["Student life"],"creator_ssm":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["Student life"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James E. Arsenault and Company by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 29 August 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"access_subjects_ssm":["African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"extent_tesim":[".19 Cubic Feet Photo album 9 x12 box. 20x29 cm. (7.25\" X 11.25\")"],"genreform_ssim":["Photograph albums"],"date_range_isim":[1922,1923,1924],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Hampton Institute","James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:30:31.092Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1630","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1630.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196224","title_filing_ssi":"Emanuel, Bessie photo album at Hampton Institute","title_ssm":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"title_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute"],"unitdate_ssm":["1922-1924"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1922-1924"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630"],"text":["MSS 16823","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1630","Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute","Student life","African American students","Women in higher education","Photograph albums","The collection is open for research use.","Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. 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Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. 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Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Bessie Emanuel, later Bessie Emanuel Smith, was raised in White Plains, New York, the daughter of Baptist minister Christopher H. Emanuel and his wife Lucy Kittrell Emanuel.  She was the first African American student from the town to attend college, graduating from the Hampton Institute in 1925, and afterwards earning a master's degree from Columbia University.  She was a \"much beloved and honored teacher\" (including at the New York City School for the Blind), and in 1945 became the first African American teacher in White Plains.  She served as vice president of the White Plains chapter of the NAACP and received the National Sojourner Truth Award -- the highest honor conferred by the National Association of Negro Business and Professional Women's Clubs."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16823, Bessie Emanuel photo album at Hampton Institute, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Jessie Fuller scrapbook at Hampton Institute MSS 15005. (Fuller scrapbook is shadowed because there is a Virgo record with a digital record of the scrapbook file:///C:/Users/elg3e/Downloads/tsb%20103963.pdf"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a brown faux leather photo album (7.25\" X 11.25\") belonging to Bessie Emanuel.  Bessie (1902-1984) was raised in White Plains, New York. She was the first Black woman in her town to attend college, entering the Hampton Institute in Virginia in 1922. The photographs are dated from 1922 to 1924 and capture daily life at the Institute, sports events, friends, and family. Captions are found throughout the album. A picture of Bessie with her family in the Hampton Institute dining room features a poem dedicated to her parents on its reverse. The album was compiled by Black students at Hampton Institute.","\nHampton Institute, founded in 1868, was created to educate freedmen after the Civil War. Booker T. Washington was among its notable graduates. Bessie died in 1984, the same year the Hampton Institute gained university status. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Hampton Institute","James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute","Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Hampton Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Smith, Bessie Emanuel, 1902-1984"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:30:31.092Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1630"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ellen Strong Bartlett letters","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1682","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1682.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196864","title_filing_ssi":"Bartlett, Ellen Strong letters","title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"unitdate_ssm":["1864-1897"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1864-1897"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"text":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682","Ellen Strong Bartlett letters","United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives","good","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.","This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"collection_ssim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. 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There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.","This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16854","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1682"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"collection_ssim":["Ellen Strong Bartlett letters"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"geogname_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"creator_ssm":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["United States --  History  -- Civil War, 1861-1865","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865 -- Personal narratives"],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault and Co. by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on 29 May 2024."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["good"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"date_range_isim":[1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eEllen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical Description"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett was born on March 28, 1849 to Ellen Root Strong and John Newton Bartlett in New Haven, Connecticut. Ellen began to write at a young age, principally focusing on her surroundings in New Haven. One of Bartlett's earliest books was \"Bits from Great Grandmother's Diary\", a collection of insights from her great grandmother who lived in Farmington and experienced the Revolutionary War. Ellen's great grandmother also served as an official editor for the Colony (later State) of Connecticut. Ellen's seminal work was \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\", published in 1897. The book is in part a collection of her writings that appeared in \"New England Magazine\" and \"The Connecticut Quarterly\". It offers a portrait of mid-nineteenth century New Haven, Connecticut through the exploration of centuries of history, photographs, architectural analysis, and folklore descriptions. Bartlett's \"Historical Sketches of New Haven\" set the precedent for how local histories were researched and written thereafter. Ellen died in New Haven on May 1, 1940 at the age of 91. She is interred at the Fairview Cemetery in Hartford County."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16854, Ellen Strong Bartlett letters, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection primarily contains the letters of Ellen \"Nellie\" Strong Bartlett, author and historian, when she was sixteen years old. Ten letters describe her trip to Washington, D.C., from January to early March 1864. She stayed with her aunt and uncle, Julia and David Bartlett. David Bartlett wrote an early and influential campaign biography of Abraham Lincoln and served as the Clerk of the Committee on Elections in the House of Representatives. The letters describe her travels to Washington and the scene in the nation's capital shortly before the close of the Civil War. She tells her impressions of Lincoln and other political and military officials, accounts of public events, private parties, sightseeing excursions in and beyond the city, and the trends of ladies' fashion. Most letters are from Nellie to her family, most to her parents, but one to her grandmother. Also included is a letter written by her grandmother while Nellie was in Washington and a letter from her mother to Nellie while she visited her Grandparents in September. There is also one letter addressed to a woman named Sadie, written by Nellie's grandmother. In addition to the letters are a Certificate of Non-Liability, which exempted her father from the draft, and a prospectus for her book \"Historical Sketches of New Haven.\" Also included are transcripts of the letters from the vendor."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Bartlett, Ellen Strong, 1848-1940"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:51:30.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1682"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ervin W. Moore travel journal","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1003#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1003#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia. En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1003#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1003.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120550","title_filing_ssi":"Moore, Ervin W., travel journal","title_ssm":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"title_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 8-19, 1907"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 8-19, 1907"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003"],"text":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003","Ervin W. Moore travel journal","Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines","This collection is open for research.","Ervin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026 Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. ","\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.","The male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  ","The African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. ","The exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. ","Sources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026context=history_etds","Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026pg=PA114\u0026lpg=PA114\u0026dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=XOal895AEP\u0026sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026f=false","Wikipedia","This collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed","Of note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"collection_ssim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945","James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 12, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"date_range_isim":[1907],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eErvin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026amp; Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026amp;context=history_etds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026amp;pg=PA114\u0026amp;lpg=PA114\u0026amp;dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=XOal895AEP\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026 Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. ","\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.","The male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  ","The African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. ","The exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. ","Sources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026context=history_etds","Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026pg=PA114\u0026lpg=PA114\u0026dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=XOal895AEP\u0026sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026f=false","Wikipedia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16495, Ervin W. Moore travel journal, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16495, Ervin W. Moore travel journal, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed","Of note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. "],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:39:55.343Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1003","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1003.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/120550","title_filing_ssi":"Moore, Ervin W., travel journal","title_ssm":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"title_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"unitdate_ssm":["October 8-19, 1907"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["October 8-19, 1907"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003"],"text":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003","Ervin W. Moore travel journal","Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines","This collection is open for research.","Ervin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026 Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. ","\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.","The male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  ","The African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. ","The exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. ","Sources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026context=history_etds","Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026pg=PA114\u0026lpg=PA114\u0026dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=XOal895AEP\u0026sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026f=false","Wikipedia","This collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed","Of note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. ","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16495","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"collection_ssim":["Ervin W. Moore travel journal"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945","James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on March 12, 2021."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Jamestown Ter-centennial Exposition (1907)","Muslims -- Philippines"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder(s)"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder(s)"],"date_range_isim":[1907],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eErvin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026amp; Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026amp;context=history_etds\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026amp;pg=PA114\u0026amp;lpg=PA114\u0026amp;dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=XOal895AEP\u0026amp;sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026amp;f=false\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWikipedia\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ervin W. Moore (1864–1945) of Bingham, Maine was a pharmacist, optometrist, librarian, and graduate of the University of Chicago's Divinity School. In 1890, he established his own business E.W. Moore \u0026 Son Pharmacy, which still stands today in Bingham, Maine. Moore was also a close associate of fellow Maine resident James L. Williams (1852–1932), a prosthodontist, photographer, and pioneering dental histologist who discovered plaque and invented modern dentures. Both men evidently shared a strong interest in anthropology. The \"Jamestown Excursion\" (1907 Jamestown Exposition) undertaken by Moore and his family was conducted by one E.C. Bowler and departed from Bethel, Maine on 9 October 1907. ","\nFeatured in Ervin W. Moore's journal is a trip to the 1907 Jamestown Exposition which was one of the many world's fairs and expositions that were popular in the United States in the early part of the 20th century. Commemorating the 300th anniversary of the founding of Jamestown in the Virginia Colony, it was held from April 26 to December 1, 1907, at Sewell's Point on Hampton Roads, in Norfolk, Virginia. The exhibition's purpose was to educate people on the growth and expansion of the United States since 1607 and to encourage American patriotism.  It boasted America's ascension as a world power and its conquests in New Manifest Destiny; the expansion of the Navy in the 1880s and victory in the Spanish-American War in 1898; and becoming an imperial power in both the Caribbean and the Pacific including Samoa, the Philippines, and Puerto Rico. American imperialism reigned and expositions were an expression of patriotic fervor as never before seen in this country.","The male-dominated business community took responsibility for the event, though the \"patriot ladies\" of the Association for the Preservation of Virginia Antiquities remained involved and played a key role in obtaining Federal and state subsidies. The most popular events were exhibits on African Americans,created by African Americans depicting their lives in the first decade of the twentieth century; an exhibit on the Moro, Illocanos, Visayant, Tagolos, and Bajobos people in the Philippines; and an exhibit on the Powhatans of Virginia. Ervin W. Moore's journal focused on these five different villages in the Philippines. The Bagobos were the most ethnic and lived on the west and northwest region of the Davao Gulf on the Island of Mindanas. They were the first Philippines to make an appearance in the United States. There were exhibits on their bead working, weavings, and iron and wood shops. The Acquinaldo Orchestra gave daily concerts. Prince Sansaluna was the ruler of the Moros. His father had been killed by the United States Army. Followers of Emilio Acquinaldo (1869-1964) were mentioned in a poem about \"Manifest Destiny\" by D. A. Ingham in 1906. Acquinaldo was a Filipino revolutionary, statesman, and military leader who is officially recognized as the first and the youngest president of the Philippines and the first president of a constitutional republic in Asia  ","The African American exhibit was created by the \"Negro Development and Exposition Company\". There was a division among African Americans regarding the exhibit. Followers of Booker T. Washington felt that it was helpful to use their exhibit to show advances in the rights of African Americans, promoting the view that they were industrious, competent, and worthy of equal status with white Americans. The followers of W. E. Dubois believed that more rigorous action was needed to obtain the right to vote and stand up against discrimation. Dubois felt that Washington was too submissive towards the white power structure. Ultimately the narrative of white superiority dominated the event. ","The exposition was a financial failure because it cost so much money to build and the attendance was not what was anticipated. Also many people were allowed admittance without payment. It was attended by U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt, the author Mark Twain, and the educator Booker T. Washington. ","Sources:\nDisplaying Race at the Jamestown Ter-Centennial Exposition \nBryan Patrick Bennett \nOld Dominion University\nhttps://digitalcommons.odu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1004\u0026context=history_etds","Jamestown Exposition: American Imperialism on Parade, Volume 1\nBy Amy Waters Yarsinske\nhttps://books.google.com/books?id=Wz37NzYVaMQC\u0026pg=PA114\u0026lpg=PA114\u0026dq=moro+people+in+the+jamestown+exposition+1907\u0026source=bl\u0026ots=XOal895AEP\u0026sig=ACfU3U2sCy9WJFldLBJ5f3p-j7GTRzqasg\u0026hl=en\u0026sa=X\u0026ved=2ahUKEwje2v-81b_yAhUjF1kFHR9tBE0Q6AF6BAgOEAM#v=onepage\u0026q=moro%20people%20in%20the%20jamestown%20exposition%201907\u0026f=false","Wikipedia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16495, Ervin W. Moore travel journal, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16495, Ervin W. Moore travel journal, Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eOf note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a photo-illustrated travelogue by Ervin W. Moore documenting a Maine family's trip to the Jamestown Exposition of 1907 in Norfolk, Virginia.  En route, they visit New York City, the Library of Congress, Mount Vernon, and numerous theater houses, museums, and other public institutions. The journal documents Moore's impressions and observations of the places visited along with allusions and quotes of literary figures both ancient and modern. Photographs are interspersed","Of note are depictions of the Philippine Exposition, referred to as the 'reservation', including photographs of the Moro people who were brought to the fair from the southern Philippines islands for exoticism at the exhibition. "],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Moore, Ervin W., 1864-1945"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:39:55.343Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1003"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Florynce Kennedy photographs","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:23.997Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1524.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189457","title_filing_ssi":"Kennedy Florynce photographs","title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"unitdate_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c.1973-1976"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"text":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524","Florynce Kennedy photographs","Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist","This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16784","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1524"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_title_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"collection_ssim":["Florynce Kennedy photographs"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arenenault by the Small Special Collections Library at the University of Virginia Library on 03 March 2023."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women political activists","African Americans -- Civil rights","Feminism -- United States","African Americans -- Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet 1 letter folder"],"physfacet_tesim":["4 letter-sized photographs"],"genreform_ssim":["African Americans -- Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFlorynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eShe experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eKennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFlorynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWith an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMilitano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Florynce Kennedy (February 11, 1916 – December 21, 2000) was an American lawyer, radical feminist, civil rights advocate, lecturer, entertainer, and activist. ","She experienced poverty in the Great Depression and racism in her mostly white neighborhood but was given a strong sense of identity and security from her parents. Kennedy remembered a time when her father had to be armed with a shotgun in order to ward off the Ku Klux Klan presence that was trying to drive her family out.","In 1944 she began classes at Columbia University School of General Studies, majoring in pre-law and graduated in 1949. However, when she applied to the university's law school, she was refused admission. Kennedy met with the dean and threatened to sue the school. They admitted her. She was the only black person among eight women in her class. Kennedy graduated from Columbia Law School in 1951.","\nIn 1971 she founded the Feminist Party, which nominated Shirley Chisholm for president. She also helped found the National Women's Political Caucus. Kennedy was a lawyer for the Women's Health Collective and 350 plaintiffs in a similar lawsuit about abortion in New York. She worked tirelessly for women's issues and to defeat all oppression. According to Sherie Randolph, in her book Florynce \"Flo\" Kennedy: The Life of a Radical Black Feminist, ","\"My main message is that we have a pathologically, institutionally racist, sexist, classist society. And that niggerizing techniques that are used don't only damage black people, but they also damage women, gay people, ex-prison inmates, prostitutes, children, old people, handicapped people, native Americans. And that if we can begin to analyze the pathology of oppression… we would learn a lot about how to deal with it.\" ","Kennedy kept revisiting the same aim: \"urging women to examine the sources of their oppression. She spoke of day to day acts of resistance that we can all take...\" ","In 1997, Kennedy received a Lifetime Courageous Activist Award, and the following year was honored by Columbia University with their Owl Award for outstanding graduates. In 1999, the City University of New York awarded her the Century Award.","Florynce describes herself in this way, \"I'm just a loud-mouthed middle-aged colored lady with a fused spine and three feet of intestines missing and a lot of people think I'm crazy. Maybe you do too, but I never stop to wonder why I'm not like other people. The mystery to me is why more people aren't like me.\"","With an immeasurable impact on civil rights and equality for all, Kennedy's legacy serves as a reminder that Black women are often at the core of social and political progress, despite being overlooked by history. An empowering figure for women today, Kennedy is remembered for her flamboyance and ferocity that she never apologized for. ","Source:\n\"Florynce Kennedy.\" Wikipedia. Accessed 5/30/23.\nhttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florynce_Kennedy","Militano, Hannah. \"Who Was Flo Kennedy? Learn All About the Fiery Black Feminist and Civil Rights Activist.\" L'Officiel.2/09/21.\nhttps://www.lofficielusa.com/politics-culture/who-was-florynce-flo-kennedy-black-feminist-activist"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16784, Florynce Kennedy photographs, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\"\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains four black and white photographs (roughly trimmed to 8 x 10 inches or slightly larger) featuring  Florynce 'Flo' Kennedy (1916-2000) speaking. Kennedy was an American lawyer, feminist, and activist who founded the Feminist Party in 1971. Each photograph is stamped in red ink with the Examiner Reference Library. The stamps are dated 1973-1976. Three photos include a newspaper clipping of the same image pasted onto the verso, with \"Examiner\" captioning the photo and including photo credits including Paul Gines, Lynott, and Teresa Zabaia. One picture is stamped with a caption on the verso: \"Flo Kennedy at Hookers Convention.\""],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Kennedy, Florynce, 1916-2000"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:41:23.997Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1524"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"I.T. Walton dental account book","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1638#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1638#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1638#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1638.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196321","title_filing_ssi":"Walton, I. T. dental account book","title_ssm":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"title_tesim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638"],"text":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638","I.T. Walton dental account book","enslaved persons","Dentistry","The collection is open for research use.","Dr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. ","Two patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. ","More notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.","Treatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" ","Each entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" ","Numerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026 feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" ","The majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.","This collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638"],"normalized_title_ssm":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"collection_title_tesim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"collection_ssim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walton, I.T."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Walton, I.T.","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Dentistry"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Dentistry"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTreatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNumerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026amp; feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. ","Two patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. ","More notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.","Treatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" ","Each entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" ","Numerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026 feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" ","The majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16830, I. T. Walton dental account book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16830, I. T. Walton dental account book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Walton, I.T."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:26:20.177Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1638","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1638.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/196321","title_filing_ssi":"Walton, I. T. dental account book","title_ssm":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"title_tesim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"unitdate_ssm":["1857-1861"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1857-1861"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638"],"text":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638","I.T. Walton dental account book","enslaved persons","Dentistry","The collection is open for research use.","Dr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. ","Two patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. ","More notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.","Treatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" ","Each entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" ","Numerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026 feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" ","The majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.","This collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16830","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1638"],"normalized_title_ssm":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"collection_title_tesim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"collection_ssim":["I.T. Walton dental account book"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Walton, I.T."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Walton, I.T.","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_subjects_ssim":["enslaved persons","Dentistry"],"access_subjects_ssm":["enslaved persons","Dentistry"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"extent_tesim":["0.04 Cubic Feet One legal-sized file folder"],"date_range_isim":[1857,1858,1859,1860,1861],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTwo patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMore notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eTreatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eEach entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNumerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026amp; feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Dr. I. T. Walton dental account book recording dental treatments of whites and African Americans both free and enslaved in 1857-1861 in Central and Southern Virginia. Most of the records pertain to his dental transactions during 1860 and 1861. They are particularly important for their inclusion of some 40 African American patients. Most of these people were evidently enslaved, and Walton's records are more attentive to the names of their owners -- or those financially responsible for them, though he usually records the first names of enslaved people. ","Two patients, however, are recorded as \"free\": \"Jim White free negro at Toneys,\" possibly P.F. Toney, who is known to have employed African American laborers in Buckingham County in the 1860s -- paid one dollar for \"Extracting tooth for self\" on March 16th, 1861. ","More notable is Walton's record for \"Candy Bartlett, free negress,\" who paid two dollars for \"1 gold plug\" on March 13th, 1861. She was the only African American in his accounts to receive anything other than an extraction, suggesting a reluctance on the part of the owners of enslaved people to pay for anything other than the most basic care.","Treatments and prices are listed for cleanings, tooth ache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs\", resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\" ","Each entry records the name of the patient, and if different, the name of the person paying the bill. For example, \"Thos. Price\" paid two dollars for \"1 God Plug for self,\" while \"Jack Watson\" paid $2.50 for \"1 gold plug for wife.\" ","Numerous entries record the patient's profession: \"John H. Harvey (Teacher at Richardsons)\" paid a total of five dollars for \"Extracting 3 teeth for self\" and \"killing nerve \u0026 feeling with cement,\" and \"Rev. Charles Chaplin\" received his filling at no charge, in exchange \"for preaching.\" ","The majority of the account book proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work done on the same patient. A few entries note Walton's having rented rooms -- evidence of an itinerant practice -- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857-1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16830, I. T. Walton dental account book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16830, I. T. Walton dental account book, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains an account book of a Virginia dentist, Dr. I.T. Walton, who worked in Appomattox, Prince Edward, Charlotte, Mecklenburg, and Albemarle Counties. The book recorded services for white, enslaved, and free Black patients between 1857 and 1861. The account book documents procedures, tooth conditions, and overall health assessment of patients and includes prices for cleanings, toothache drops, \"gold plugs,\" and various \"temporary\" and \"amalgam\" fillings, as well as for \"extracting\" teeth and \"fangs,\" resetting teeth, and occasionally \"killing nerve[s].\"  Each entry records the name of the patient and, if different, the name of the person paying the bill. Most of the volume proceeds chronologically, though Walton regularly returns to entries to record later work on the same patient. Walton delineates race within his account book, with forty individuals referred to as either \"negro\" or \"negress\". Walton notes two Black patients as free, and the rest were evidently enslaved. No mention of the Civil War appears. A few entries note Walton's renting rooms- evidence of an itinerant practice- while others, apparently from Key West, Florida, indicate that he spent some time there in the late 1850s. A few early pages contain dental account entries from 1857 through 1859, and some twenty pages at the end contain brief entries on Walton's personal and dental accounts from 1857 to 1861. A number of poems, some apparently authored by Walton, are interspersed between dental entries."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Walton, I.T."],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."],"persname_ssim":["Walton, I.T."],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:26:20.177Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1638"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Langston Hughes photograph","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a single black-and-white photograph of Langston Hughes, noted American poet and leader of the Harlem Renaissance. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1523#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1523","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1523.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/189456","title_filing_ssi":"Hughes Langston photograph","title_ssm":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"title_tesim":["Langston Hughes photograph"],"unitdate_ssm":["June  25, 1945"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["June  25, 1945"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523"],"text":["MSS 16783","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1523","Langston Hughes photograph","Poets","African Americans -- Photographs","The collection is open for research use.","James Mercer Langston Hughes (1901-1967) was an American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist from Joplin, Missouri. 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There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:49:16.868Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1208","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1208","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1208","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1208","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1208.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/135922","title_filing_ssi":"Winston, Lucy or Ella letter","title_ssm":["Lucy or Ella Winston letter"],"title_tesim":["Lucy or Ella Winston letter"],"unitdate_ssm":["February 16, 1852  "],"unitdate_other_ssim":["February 16, 1852  "],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16669","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1208"],"text":["MSS 16669","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1208","Lucy or Ella Winston letter","women--education -- Virginia","Women students","This collection contains a letter from a young woman, either Lucy or Ella Winston, to her mother, Martha A. 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There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16669","Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","Previous Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1208"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lucy or Ella Winston letter"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lucy or Ella Winston letter"],"collection_ssim":["Lucy or Ella Winston letter"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"geogname_ssm":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"geogname_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906","James Arsenault and Co."],"places_ssim":["women--education -- Virginia","Women students"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from James Arsenault and Co. by the Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia on January 21, 2022."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".03 Cubic Feet One letter size folder"],"extent_tesim":[".03 Cubic Feet One letter size folder"],"date_range_isim":[1852],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains a letter from a young woman, either Lucy or Ella Winston, to her mother, Martha A. Winston. The letter, unsigned, describes her travel to and her experience of the Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute. The Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute, chartered in 1837, was the first college for women in Virginia and was attended by both Winston sisters. In the letter, the writer describes the sisters' trip to the institute, shares her first impressions, comments on changes at the school, and discusses various teachers, messages, financial matters, and course study.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe letter measures 9.75\" X 7.75\" and is three pages. There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains a letter from a young woman, either Lucy or Ella Winston, to her mother, Martha A. Winston. The letter, unsigned, describes her travel to and her experience of the Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute. The Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute, chartered in 1837, was the first college for women in Virginia and was attended by both Winston sisters. In the letter, the writer describes the sisters' trip to the institute, shares her first impressions, comments on changes at the school, and discusses various teachers, messages, financial matters, and course study.","The letter measures 9.75\" X 7.75\" and is three pages. There is a tear on the third page, along with several punctures and small stains resulting in a partial loss of a few words."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute","Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co.","Buckingham Female Collegiate Institute"],"persname_ssim":["Winston, Lucy","Granbery, Ella Fayette Winston, 1837-1906"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-20T23:49:16.868Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1208"}},{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1701","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"The Illustrated Alphabet","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1701#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"James Arsenault and Co.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1701#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the trial drawings for an illustrated alphabet book by the Reverend George Liddell Johnston. The book, bound in crushed red morocco by C. \u0026amp; C. McLeish sometime in the early twentieth century, contains the inlaid drawings and manuscript pages. The book begins with two calligraphic frontispieces, one titled \"The Envelope\" with an angel holding a brush and canvas. This image was likely the front panel of an envelope that stored the contents before binding. Then follows three pen and ink title pages with letters in the Victorian grotesque tradition, eight manuscript leaves with limericks for each letter, twenty-six calligraphic leaves of alphabet limericks in pencil and pen, twelve watercolors, and forty-six total drawings. The bulk of the manuscript is the drawings and watercolors that illustrate the alphabet, some referencing the subject of the limericks and others alternative subjects. These are humorous and often satirical images. These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters. Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/viu_repositories_3_resources_1701#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1701","ead_ssi":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1701","_root_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1701","_nest_parent_":"viu_repositories_3_resources_1701","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/UVA/repositories_3_resources_1701.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.lib.virginia.edu/ark:/59853/202302","title_filing_ssi":"Illustrated Alphabet, The","title_ssm":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"title_tesim":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"unitdate_ssm":["c. 1875"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["c. 1875"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MSS 16862","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1701"],"text":["MSS 16862","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1701","The Illustrated Alphabet","Caricatures and cartoons","grotesques ","drawings (visual works)","Good.","This collection is minimally processed and open for research.","This collection contains the trial drawings for an illustrated alphabet book by the  Reverend George Liddell Johnston . The book, bound in crushed red morocco by  C. \u0026 C. McLeish  sometime in the early twentieth century, contains the inlaid drawings and manuscript pages. The book begins with two calligraphic frontispieces, one titled \"The Envelope\" with an angel holding a brush and canvas. This image was likely the front panel of an envelope that stored the contents before binding. Then follows three pen and ink title pages with letters in the Victorian grotesque tradition, eight manuscript leaves with limericks for each letter, twenty-six calligraphic leaves of alphabet limericks in pencil and pen, twelve watercolors, and forty-six total drawings. The bulk of the manuscript is the drawings and watercolors that illustrate the alphabet, some referencing the subject of the limericks and others alternative subjects. These are humorous and often satirical images. These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters.  Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family.   ","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."," C. \u0026 C. McLeish","James Aresenault \u0026 Company","Small Special Collections Library","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902","Reverend George Liddell Johnston","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16862","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1701"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"collection_ssim":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from  James Aresenault \u0026 Company  by the  Small Special Collections Library , University of Virginia on September 6, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Caricatures and cartoons","grotesques ","drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Caricatures and cartoons","grotesques ","drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized half-width document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized half-width document box"],"genreform_ssim":["drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1875],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16862, The Illustrated Alphabet, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16862, The Illustrated Alphabet, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the trial drawings for an illustrated alphabet book by the \u003cpersname\u003eReverend George Liddell Johnston\u003c/persname\u003e. The book, bound in crushed red morocco by\u003ccorpname\u003e C. \u0026amp; C. McLeish\u003c/corpname\u003e sometime in the early twentieth century, contains the inlaid drawings and manuscript pages. The book begins with two calligraphic frontispieces, one titled \"The Envelope\" with an angel holding a brush and canvas. This image was likely the front panel of an envelope that stored the contents before binding. Then follows three pen and ink title pages with letters in the Victorian grotesque tradition, eight manuscript leaves with limericks for each letter, twenty-six calligraphic leaves of alphabet limericks in pencil and pen, twelve watercolors, and forty-six total drawings. The bulk of the manuscript is the drawings and watercolors that illustrate the alphabet, some referencing the subject of the limericks and others alternative subjects. These are humorous and often satirical images. These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters.  Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family.   \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains the trial drawings for an illustrated alphabet book by the  Reverend George Liddell Johnston . The book, bound in crushed red morocco by  C. \u0026 C. McLeish  sometime in the early twentieth century, contains the inlaid drawings and manuscript pages. The book begins with two calligraphic frontispieces, one titled \"The Envelope\" with an angel holding a brush and canvas. This image was likely the front panel of an envelope that stored the contents before binding. Then follows three pen and ink title pages with letters in the Victorian grotesque tradition, eight manuscript leaves with limericks for each letter, twenty-six calligraphic leaves of alphabet limericks in pencil and pen, twelve watercolors, and forty-six total drawings. The bulk of the manuscript is the drawings and watercolors that illustrate the alphabet, some referencing the subject of the limericks and others alternative subjects. These are humorous and often satirical images. These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters.  Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family.   "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"names_coll_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"names_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."," C. \u0026 C. McLeish","James Aresenault \u0026 Company","Small Special Collections Library","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902","Reverend George Liddell Johnston"],"corpname_ssim":["Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."," C. \u0026 C. 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These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters.  Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family.   ","The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.","Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library","James Arsenault and Co."," C. \u0026 C. McLeish","James Aresenault \u0026 Company","Small Special Collections Library","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902","Reverend George Liddell Johnston","English"],"unitid_tesim":["MSS 16862","Archival Resource Key","/repositories/3/resources/1701"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"collection_title_tesim":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"collection_ssim":["The Illustrated Alphabet"],"repository_ssm":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"repository_ssim":["University of Virginia, Special Collections Dept."],"creator_ssm":["James Arsenault and Co.","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co.","Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["James Arsenault and Co."],"creators_ssim":["Johnston, George Liddell, 1817-1902","James Arsenault and Co."],"access_terms_ssm":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. 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The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased from  James Aresenault \u0026 Company  by the  Small Special Collections Library , University of Virginia on September 6, 2024."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Caricatures and cartoons","grotesques ","drawings (visual works)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Caricatures and cartoons","grotesques ","drawings (visual works)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["Good."],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized half-width document box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Cubic Feet One legal-sized half-width document box"],"genreform_ssim":["drawings (visual works)"],"date_range_isim":[1875],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is minimally processed and open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["This collection is minimally processed and open for research."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMSS 16862, The Illustrated Alphabet, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["MSS 16862, The Illustrated Alphabet, Albert and Shirley Small Special Collections Library, University of Virginia Library."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains the trial drawings for an illustrated alphabet book by the \u003cpersname\u003eReverend George Liddell Johnston\u003c/persname\u003e. 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This image was likely the front panel of an envelope that stored the contents before binding. Then follows three pen and ink title pages with letters in the Victorian grotesque tradition, eight manuscript leaves with limericks for each letter, twenty-six calligraphic leaves of alphabet limericks in pencil and pen, twelve watercolors, and forty-six total drawings. The bulk of the manuscript is the drawings and watercolors that illustrate the alphabet, some referencing the subject of the limericks and others alternative subjects. These are humorous and often satirical images. These include critiques of religious figures like cardinals and the Pope and more everyday situations and people like a quack, a statesman, a Yankee, an older man entranced by a younger woman, and an angry wife, among other characters.  Devils and demons are frequent figures in the illustrations. A number of the drawings that appear here also appear in a privately printed book by the same title. Johnston made a few copies of this book for his friends and family.   "],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. The library can provide copyright information upon request, but users are responsible for making their own determination about lawful use of collections materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The Library believes that all or nearly all material in this collection is likely to be in the public domain, free of copyright restrictions. Visit our Permissions and Publishing page for more information about use of Special Collections materials. 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