{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":1,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00014","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00014#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00014#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00014#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00014","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00014","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00014","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00014","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00014.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings.","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.","Many of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the , the , and the the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century.","There are no restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.","Many of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, Collection #C0150, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, Collection #C0150, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/haight.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/barnes.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the , the , and the the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:29.729Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_vifgm00014","ead_ssi":"vifgm_vifgm00014","_root_":"vifgm_vifgm00014","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_vifgm00014","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/gmu/vifgm00014.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings.","Collection is open to research.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.","Many of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","Special Collections and Archives also holds the , the , and the the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century.","There are no restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives.","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Maps.","Virginia--History--Civil War, 1861-1865--Pictorial works.","Chromolithographs.","Lithographs.","Maps.","Steel engravings.","Wood engravings."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers\n         to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists\n         was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for\n         British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the\n         Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate\n         side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw,\n         though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James\n         Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a\n         staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of\n         Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina,\n         when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by\n         artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers,\n         but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his\n         career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own\n         newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie\n         used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to\n         increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images\n         Collection, including several images from the German language\n         edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly.\n         It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important\n         and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America,\n         notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for\n         Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud\n         (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both\n         are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was\n         primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war\n         from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's\n         surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later\n         became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now\n         know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of\n         the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent\n         time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's\n         sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered\n         Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the\n         Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London\n         News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's\n         Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern\n         point-of-view.","Many of today's\n         Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population\n         outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan\n         reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the\n         Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was\n         the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet,\n         many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist\n         today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have\n         undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque\n         now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied\n         under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, Collection #C0150, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, Collection #C0150, Special Collections and Archives, George Mason University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections and Archives staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. Finding aid updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections and Archives also holds the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/haight.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://sca.gmu.edu/finding_aids/barnes.html\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr type=\"simple\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.  \n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Special Collections and Archives also holds the , the , and the the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images. \u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e\n      ","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century.\u003c/p\u003e\n    "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection \n         consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects\n         in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel\n         engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and\n         manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps\n         of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and\n         Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince\n         William. Columbia Pike,\n         Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike,\n         Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil\n         War and all of them are represented or referenced in these\n         images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals:\n         The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated\n         Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood\n         engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood\n         engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the\n         1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated\n         newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a\n         wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images\n         in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which\n         were produced by lithography. A number were produced for\n         military purposes and employed by both the North and South\n         alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly\n         accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth\n         century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\n\u003c/p\u003e\n      "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\n\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Special Collections and Archives."],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:35:29.729Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_vifgm00014"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University","value":"George Mason University","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","value":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Northern+Virginia+Civil+War+images+collection%2C+1853%2F1914\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1853","value":"1853","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1853"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1854","value":"1854","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1854"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1855","value":"1855","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1856","value":"1856","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1856"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1857","value":"1857","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1857"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1858","value":"1858","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1858"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1859","value":"1859","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1860","value":"1860","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1860"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1861","value":"1861","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1861"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1862","value":"1862","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1862"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1863","value":"1863","hits":1},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Special+Collections+and+Archives.\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1863"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"George Mason University. 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