{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026page=3\u0026view=list","prev":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026page=4\u0026view=list","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026page=4\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":4,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":40,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_524.xml","title_ssm":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1950s"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1950s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"text":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook","C0331","/repositories/2/resources/524","Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad.","The Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.","The Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the , which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad.","Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s.","R 72, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Yvonne Carignan from Thomas Cullen in 2015. Formerly cataloged as Sp. Col. TF 724.N6 N49 1900Z."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Linear Feet 1 scrapbook"],"extent_tesim":[".25 Linear Feet 1 scrapbook"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography."],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026amp;NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook, C0331, Special Collections  Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook, C0331, Special Collections  Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Edward H. Weber collection of railroad timetables\" href=\"https://findingaids.hagley.org/repositories/3/archival_objects/285835\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.","The Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the , which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba5816b37e94b8d3813caf5e1fd99daf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eScrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e9ff64c23c5bc04ff50901494ba1a529\"\u003eR 72, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:02.579Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_524.xml","title_ssm":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"title_tesim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1950s"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1950s"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"text":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook","C0331","/repositories/2/resources/524","Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad.","The Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.","The Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the , which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad.","Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s.","R 72, C 2, S 5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"collection_ssim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0331","/repositories/2/resources/524"],"unitid_tesim":["C0331","/repositories/2/resources/524"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Yvonne Carignan from Thomas Cullen in 2015. Formerly cataloged as Sp. Col. TF 724.N6 N49 1900Z."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroads","Railroad travel","Railroad travel -- United States"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".25 Linear Feet 1 scrapbook"],"extent_tesim":[".25 Linear Feet 1 scrapbook"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography."],"bibliography_tesim":["\"The Jamestown, Westfield and Northwestern Railroad[.]\" Abandoned Rails, accessed February 15, 2022. https://www.abandonedrails.com/jamestown-westfield-and-northwestern-railroad."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026amp;NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad, also known as JW\u0026NW, was an American railroad in far western New York State. Its main route was along the northern shore of Chautauqua Lake, and as a result it was also known as the \"Chautauqua Lake Route.\" The route began in Jamestown, New York and ended in Westfield, New York, near Lake Erie. The railroad lasted from 1914 and went defunct in 1950. Passenger operations lasted until 1947."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook, C0331, Special Collections  Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad scrapbook, C0331, Special Collections  Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in February 2022."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Edward H. Weber collection of railroad timetables\" href=\"https://findingaids.hagley.org/repositories/3/archival_objects/285835\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds many other transportation collections, as well as scrapbook collections.","The Manuscripts and Archives Repository at Hagley Museum and Library holds the , which has materials on the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eScrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state. The album mainly consists of photographs of trolley cars at various places around the line, including Bemus Point, Mayville, Westfield, Dewittville, and Midway Park. It also includes small and large black and white photos of different kinds of trolley cars that served the line, as well as ephemera, including tickets, timetables, and a traction system diagram dating from 1914 - 1947. The photos seem to date from the mid - 1930s, with one photograph labeled 1935. Based on the design of the cover, the scrapbook itself was likely compiled in the 1950s."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba5816b37e94b8d3813caf5e1fd99daf\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eScrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Scrapbook that documents the Jamestown, Westfield, and Northwestern Railroad in New York state, created circa 1950s."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_e9ff64c23c5bc04ff50901494ba1a529\"\u003eR 72, C 2, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 2, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:02.579Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_524"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_175.xml","title_ssm":["Japanese phonograph record collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese phonograph record collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1927-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1927-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"text":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932","C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175","Japan","Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into five series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Colmbia\n      Series 2: Victor\n      Series 3: Orient\n      Series 4: Ploydor\n      Series 5: Columbia Regal","The records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.","A product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection.","The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925.","The song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175"],"unitid_tesim":["C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Japan"],"geogname_ssim":["Japan"],"places_ssim":["Japan"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donor unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into five series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Colmbia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Victor\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Orient\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Ploydor\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Columbia Regal\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into five series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Colmbia\n      Series 2: Victor\n      Series 3: Orient\n      Series 4: Ploydor\n      Series 5: Columbia Regal"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.","A product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese Phonograph Record collection, C0141, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese Phonograph Record collection, C0141, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925.","The song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3bf615df7cc993c3416de9846ecbeed3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_175.xml","title_ssm":["Japanese phonograph record collection"],"title_tesim":["Japanese phonograph record collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1927-1932"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["circa 1927-1932"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1927/1932"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"text":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932","C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175","Japan","Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","Organized into five series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Colmbia\n      Series 2: Victor\n      Series 3: Orient\n      Series 4: Ploydor\n      Series 5: Columbia Regal","The records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.","A product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection.","The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925.","The song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"collection_ssim":["Japanese phonograph record collection, 1927/1932"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175"],"unitid_tesim":["C0141","/repositories/2/resources/175"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Japan"],"geogname_ssim":["Japan"],"places_ssim":["Japan"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donor unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Music","Music -- 20th century","Music -- Japan","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOrganized into five series.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eMissing Title\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: Colmbia\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Victor\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Orient\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Ploydor\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Columbia Regal\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Organized into five series.","Missing Title\n      Series 1: Colmbia\n      Series 2: Victor\n      Series 3: Orient\n      Series 4: Ploydor\n      Series 5: Columbia Regal"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The records in this collection are early examples of \"electrical\" recordings. Prior to 1925 recordings were made acoustically with singers and musicians playing into a horn. Electrical recording introduced the microphone which could pick up a larger range of sound and tone. Record companies developed specific names for this new recording process. The Victor Talking Machine company dubbed the new electric records as Othrophonic Records; Columbia produced \"viva-tonal\" records. The records in this collection are labeled as such.","A product of Nipponophone, Orient was acquired by Columbia in 1925"],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to phonograph records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJapanese Phonograph Record collection, C0141, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Japanese Phonograph Record collection, C0141, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word sound recording collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records produced for Japan. The collection also includes original record sleeves and printed material packaged with the record. The records in this collection were released by: Columbia, Regal, Victor, Ploydor and Orient Records. The records could have been released by the American division of these labels for export, or by there Japanese branches. The design of the labels present on the discs indicated that these records were released in the late 1920s through early 1930s. The records have been recorded with the new \"electric\" recording process, which was introduced to the music industry in 1925.","The song title and artist name are printed in Japanese with only the record company name printed in English. As of now the records remain unidentified."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3bf615df7cc993c3416de9846ecbeed3\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The Japanese Phonograph Record collection contains 15, 78 rpm phonograph records mostly in sleeves with Japanese wirting. The records were either printed in the United States or Japan for the Japanese music market, and released by Columbia, Ploydor, Victor, Orient Records and Regal."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_175"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, 1775","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_515","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_515.xml","title_ssm":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"title_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur"],"unitdate_ssm":["1775"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1775"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1775"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, 1775"],"text":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, 1775","C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515","Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet.","The Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026 Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579.","The Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"","This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","French"],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, 1775"],"collection_ssim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, 1775"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515"],"unitid_tesim":["C0455","/repositories/2/resources/515"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber from J and J Lubrano Music Antiquarians on 10/13/2011."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art","Dance","Drawing","Minuet (Dance)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"date_range_isim":[1775],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026amp; Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Minuet.\" Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet.","The Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026 Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. 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Encyclopædia Britannica, inc., September 18, 2019. https://www.britannica.com/art/minuet.","The Minuet: An Elegant PhoenixAuthor(s): Julia SuttonSource: Dance Chronicle, 1985, Vol. 8, No. 3/4 (1985), pp. 119-152Published by: Taylor \u0026 Francis, Ltd.Stable URL: http://www.jstor.com/stable/1567579.","The Minuet, or \"le Menuet\" in French, was a couple's dance, and was massively popular in the 17th and 18th century French and English courts. It was especially popular during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The minuet was known for its extremely intricate moves, and was synonymous with etiquette and class ranking. According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\"","This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\" The drawing is attributed to La Couteur, created circa 1775. There is an inscription on the back from 1819.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Original pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. The drawing is titled \"Le Menuet de la Cour\" which translates from the French to \"The Minuet of the Court.\"","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. 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According to dance historian Julia Sutton, \"Following the strictest order of protocol, each couple danced alone before their peers and addressed the Presence (those personages of highest rank who sat at the top of the hall) while, presumably, they entertained each other through their charm and flirtatiousness. The goal was to demonstrate by their exquisite manners, dress, and skill that they were indeed worthy adornments to society; their observers were active participants in the dance as well, judging every step and gesture with the utmost refinement and - should the dancers be truly elegant and charming - with great pleasure.\" The dance was so popular, minuet sequences appeared in operas and symphonies of the day, including Mozart's \"Don Giovanni\" and Handel's \"Berenice.\""],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\".\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Physical Characteristics and Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["This drawing is roughly 16\" by 20\"."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Le Menuet de la Cour\" drawing attributed to Le Couteur, C0455, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in September 2020. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on the Performing Arts."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal pencil drawing of a couple performing the minuet, with accompanying musicians and onlookers, presumably set in a French ball. 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Shaw Festival Theatre (blog). Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.shawfest.com/about/bernard-shaw/.","Mazer, Cary M. n.d. \"Bernard Shaw: A Brief Biography.\" Accessed February 21, 2024. https://web.english.upenn.edu/~cmazer/mis1.html.","George Bernard Shaw, also known as G. Bernard Shaw or Bernard Shaw, was an Irish dramatist, critic, and social reformer. Shaw was born in Dublin on July 26, 1856 to a lower-middle class family. While his mother was a professional singer and voice teacher, his father was a failed-corn merchant and likely alcoholic. As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds the , which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of correspondence.","The National Library of Ireland, Kent State University's Special Collections and Archives, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, and  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence.","A typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. 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As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Bernard Shaw, also known as G. Bernard Shaw or Bernard Shaw, was an Irish dramatist, critic, and social reformer. Shaw was born in Dublin on July 26, 1856 to a lower-middle class family. While his mother was a professional singer and voice teacher, his father was a failed-corn merchant and likely alcoholic. As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, C0425, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, C0425, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Robert and Wilva Breen papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/521\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1480\"\u003ecorrespondence\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000655392/CollectionList#tabnav\"\u003eThe National Library of Ireland\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.library.kent.edu/special-collections-and-archives/george-bernard-shaw-papers\"\u003eKent State University's Special Collections and Archives\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://archon.library.illinois.edu/rbml/?p=collections/findingaid\u0026amp;id=1490\u0026amp;q=\u0026amp;rootcontentid=90899\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/a\u003e, and  \u003ca href=\"https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/03516/\"\u003eUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library\u003c/a\u003e all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds the , which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of correspondence.","The National Library of Ireland, Kent State University's Special Collections and Archives, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, and  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_77000eef372849747cb3ab4f1f88e473\"\u003eLetter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_39fa7d2733838266050ce2801c871cd7\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950"],"names_coll_ssim":["Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_700","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_700","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_700","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_700","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_700.xml","title_ssm":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education"],"title_tesim":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education"],"unitdate_ssm":["December 13, 1913"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["December 13, 1913"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1913"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, 1913"],"text":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, 1913","C0425","/repositories/2/resources/700","Education, Higher","Dramatists, Irish -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Socialism","Correspondence","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Introducing Bernard Shaw.\" n.d. Shaw Festival Theatre (blog). Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.shawfest.com/about/bernard-shaw/.","Mazer, Cary M. n.d. \"Bernard Shaw: A Brief Biography.\" Accessed February 21, 2024. https://web.english.upenn.edu/~cmazer/mis1.html.","George Bernard Shaw, also known as G. Bernard Shaw or Bernard Shaw, was an Irish dramatist, critic, and social reformer. Shaw was born in Dublin on July 26, 1856 to a lower-middle class family. While his mother was a professional singer and voice teacher, his father was a failed-corn merchant and likely alcoholic. As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.","The Special Collections Research Center holds the , which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of correspondence.","The National Library of Ireland, Kent State University's Special Collections and Archives, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, and  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence.","A typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\"","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Letter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. 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(See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donor is unknown"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Education, Higher","Dramatists, Irish -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Socialism","Correspondence"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Education, Higher","Dramatists, Irish -- 20th century -- Correspondence","Socialism","Correspondence"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Correspondence"],"date_range_isim":[1913],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Introducing Bernard Shaw.\" n.d. \u003ctitle\u003eShaw Festival Theatre\u003c/title\u003e (blog). Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.shawfest.com/about/bernard-shaw/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMazer, Cary M. n.d. \"Bernard Shaw: A Brief Biography.\" Accessed February 21, 2024. https://web.english.upenn.edu/~cmazer/mis1.html.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Introducing Bernard Shaw.\" n.d. Shaw Festival Theatre (blog). Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.shawfest.com/about/bernard-shaw/.","Mazer, Cary M. n.d. \"Bernard Shaw: A Brief Biography.\" Accessed February 21, 2024. https://web.english.upenn.edu/~cmazer/mis1.html."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGeorge Bernard Shaw, also known as G. Bernard Shaw or Bernard Shaw, was an Irish dramatist, critic, and social reformer. Shaw was born in Dublin on July 26, 1856 to a lower-middle class family. While his mother was a professional singer and voice teacher, his father was a failed-corn merchant and likely alcoholic. As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["George Bernard Shaw, also known as G. Bernard Shaw or Bernard Shaw, was an Irish dramatist, critic, and social reformer. Shaw was born in Dublin on July 26, 1856 to a lower-middle class family. While his mother was a professional singer and voice teacher, his father was a failed-corn merchant and likely alcoholic. As a child, Shaw attended four schools and was tutored by his uncle, but left formal schooling behind at the age of 15. Not long before Shaw turned 16, his mother left the family and moved to London, with her son following in 1876 to pursue a career as a journalist and creative writer. While in London Shaw also became involved in progressive politics, declaring himself a socialist in 1882 and joining the Fabian Society, a precursor to the modern Labour Party, in 1884. For the next almost 50 years, Shaw would establish himself as a dramatist, insightful critic of music, art, and drama, and a prominent political writer and public speaker. Shaw passed away on November 2, 1950 at the age of 94."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLetter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, C0425, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Letter from George Bernard Shaw to unknown recipient regarding university education, C0425, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Robert and Wilva Breen papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/repositories/2/resources/521\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/1480\"\u003ecorrespondence\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://catalogue.nli.ie/Record/vtls000655392/CollectionList#tabnav\"\u003eThe National Library of Ireland\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://www.library.kent.edu/special-collections-and-archives/george-bernard-shaw-papers\"\u003eKent State University's Special Collections and Archives\u003c/a\u003e, \u003ca href=\"https://archon.library.illinois.edu/rbml/?p=collections/findingaid\u0026amp;id=1490\u0026amp;q=\u0026amp;rootcontentid=90899\"\u003eUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/a\u003e, and  \u003ca href=\"https://finding-aids.lib.unc.edu/03516/\"\u003eUniversity of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library\u003c/a\u003e all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds the , which contains correspondence from Shaw, as well as other collections of correspondence.","The National Library of Ireland, Kent State University's Special Collections and Archives, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign's Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, and  University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill's Wilson Special Collections Library all hold collections of George Bernard Shaw correspondence."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\"\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["A typed letter, dated December 13, 1913, written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university. The letter was written while Shaw was living at 10 Adelphi Terrace in London and the salutation says simply \"Dear Sir.\" The letter does not include a formal written signature, but instead includes a typed signature reading \"/S/ G. Bernard Shaw.\""],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_77000eef372849747cb3ab4f1f88e473\"\u003eLetter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Letter written by George Bernard Shaw to an unknown recipient advising the recipient to postpone career questions until \"he\" has enrolled in and finished university."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_39fa7d2733838266050ce2801c871cd7\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950"],"names_coll_ssim":["Shaw, Bernard, 1856-1950"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_564.xml","title_ssm":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot"],"title_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1839"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1839"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"text":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839","C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564","Lithography","Music","Opera","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.","Jeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.","Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879.","Pauline Viardot - born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Sitches, and also known professionally as Pauline García - was a famous mezzo-soprano opera singer and composer during the second half of the 19th century. Viardot came from a musical family, with both her father, Manuel García, and older sister, Maria Malibran, being acclaimed opera singers in their own right. The family was also closely linked to the composer Gioachino Rossini, and other musical contemporaries. Born in 1821, Viardot studied piano from Franz Liszt as a child, and up until her teen years was set to become a pianist. It was just before her older sister Maria died tragically at the age of 28 that Pauline was placed on a new course for opera at her mother's insistence.","Arguably, Viardot eventually surpassed her famous sister in the opera world, with both an incredible range (from soprano to contralto) as well as a frequently documented talent for performance. Her most famous and enduring role was that of Orphée (Orpheus) in 1859 in a reworked version of Gluck's \"Orfeo ed Euridice,\" retitled \"Orphée,\"  by Louis-Hector Berlioz. The role of Orfeo had been transposed by Berlioz from a tenor role to a contralto \"pants role,\" specifically for Viardot. Viardot has a lifelong successful career in music, and later in life turned to composing. She passed away in 1910.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.","The Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the  and the .","Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress. Below the portrait it reads in French: \"Melle. Pauline Garcia.\" Also included is the printer's information, which reads: \"Paris, chez Rosselin, Editeur, 21, Quai Voltaire. No. 146. Lith. Marcilly, rue de la Parchemmerie, No. 2.\" The print was made circa 1839.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839.","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910","French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"collection_ssim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564"],"unitid_tesim":["C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber in January 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lithography","Music","Opera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lithography","Music","Opera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"date_range_isim":[1839],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.","Jeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.","Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePauline Viardot - born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Sitches, and also known professionally as Pauline García - was a famous mezzo-soprano opera singer and composer during the second half of the 19th century. Viardot came from a musical family, with both her father, Manuel García, and older sister, Maria Malibran, being acclaimed opera singers in their own right. The family was also closely linked to the composer Gioachino Rossini, and other musical contemporaries. Born in 1821, Viardot studied piano from Franz Liszt as a child, and up until her teen years was set to become a pianist. It was just before her older sister Maria died tragically at the age of 28 that Pauline was placed on a new course for opera at her mother's insistence. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eArguably, Viardot eventually surpassed her famous sister in the opera world, with both an incredible range (from soprano to contralto) as well as a frequently documented talent for performance. Her most famous and enduring role was that of Orphée (Orpheus) in 1859 in a reworked version of Gluck's \"Orfeo ed Euridice,\" retitled \"Orphée,\"  by Louis-Hector Berlioz. The role of Orfeo had been transposed by Berlioz from a tenor role to a contralto \"pants role,\" specifically for Viardot. Viardot has a lifelong successful career in music, and later in life turned to composing. She passed away in 1910.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Pauline Viardot - born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Sitches, and also known professionally as Pauline García - was a famous mezzo-soprano opera singer and composer during the second half of the 19th century. Viardot came from a musical family, with both her father, Manuel García, and older sister, Maria Malibran, being acclaimed opera singers in their own right. The family was also closely linked to the composer Gioachino Rossini, and other musical contemporaries. Born in 1821, Viardot studied piano from Franz Liszt as a child, and up until her teen years was set to become a pianist. It was just before her older sister Maria died tragically at the age of 28 that Pauline was placed on a new course for opera at her mother's insistence.","Arguably, Viardot eventually surpassed her famous sister in the opera world, with both an incredible range (from soprano to contralto) as well as a frequently documented talent for performance. Her most famous and enduring role was that of Orphée (Orpheus) in 1859 in a reworked version of Gluck's \"Orfeo ed Euridice,\" retitled \"Orphée,\"  by Louis-Hector Berlioz. The role of Orfeo had been transposed by Berlioz from a tenor role to a contralto \"pants role,\" specifically for Viardot. Viardot has a lifelong successful career in music, and later in life turned to composing. She passed away in 1910."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, C0484, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, C0484, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Pauline Viardot-Garcia papers\" href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/1387\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Pauline Viardot-Garcia additional papers\" href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3178\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.","The Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress. Below the portrait it reads in French: \"Melle. Pauline Garcia.\" Also included is the printer's information, which reads: \"Paris, chez Rosselin, Editeur, 21, Quai Voltaire. No. 146. Lith. Marcilly, rue de la Parchemmerie, No. 2.\" The print was made circa 1839.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress. Below the portrait it reads in French: \"Melle. Pauline Garcia.\" Also included is the printer's information, which reads: \"Paris, chez Rosselin, Editeur, 21, Quai Voltaire. No. 146. Lith. Marcilly, rue de la Parchemmerie, No. 2.\" The print was made circa 1839."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba7955edd7809983117ed0c609883895\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_93bfb13b9fe5589a5feff7c166802196\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"names_coll_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"language_ssim":["French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:02.579Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_564","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_564.xml","title_ssm":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot"],"title_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot"],"unitdate_ssm":["circa 1839"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["circa 1839"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1839"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"text":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839","C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564","Lithography","Music","Opera","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.","Jeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.","Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879.","Pauline Viardot - born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Sitches, and also known professionally as Pauline García - was a famous mezzo-soprano opera singer and composer during the second half of the 19th century. Viardot came from a musical family, with both her father, Manuel García, and older sister, Maria Malibran, being acclaimed opera singers in their own right. The family was also closely linked to the composer Gioachino Rossini, and other musical contemporaries. Born in 1821, Viardot studied piano from Franz Liszt as a child, and up until her teen years was set to become a pianist. It was just before her older sister Maria died tragically at the age of 28 that Pauline was placed on a new course for opera at her mother's insistence.","Arguably, Viardot eventually surpassed her famous sister in the opera world, with both an incredible range (from soprano to contralto) as well as a frequently documented talent for performance. Her most famous and enduring role was that of Orphée (Orpheus) in 1859 in a reworked version of Gluck's \"Orfeo ed Euridice,\" retitled \"Orphée,\"  by Louis-Hector Berlioz. The role of Orfeo had been transposed by Berlioz from a tenor role to a contralto \"pants role,\" specifically for Viardot. Viardot has a lifelong successful career in music, and later in life turned to composing. She passed away in 1910.","Processing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.","The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.","The Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the  and the .","Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress. Below the portrait it reads in French: \"Melle. Pauline Garcia.\" Also included is the printer's information, which reads: \"Paris, chez Rosselin, Editeur, 21, Quai Voltaire. No. 146. Lith. Marcilly, rue de la Parchemmerie, No. 2.\" The print was made circa 1839.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839.","R 72, C 3, S 1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910","French"],"collection_title_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"collection_ssim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, 1839"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564"],"unitid_tesim":["C0484","/repositories/2/resources/564"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Steve Gerber in January 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lithography","Music","Opera"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lithography","Music","Opera"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 item"],"date_range_isim":[1839],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBritannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eJeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"Berlioz, Hector - Orphée[.]\" Barenreiter. Accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.baerenreiter.com/en/shop/product/details/BA5462_90/.","Britannica, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia. \"Pauline Viardot.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica, accessed May 18, 2021. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pauline-Viardot.","Jeal, Erica. \"Pauline who?\" The Guardian, February 23, 2006. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2006/feb/24/classicalmusicandopera.","Portrait of Benjamin Franklin by Auguste Toussaint Lecler, 83.2.2023(8), The Metropolitan Museum of Art. https://www.metmuseum.org/art/collection/search/717941.\n \n Willson, Flora. \"Classic Staging: Pauline Viardot and the 1859 \"Orphée\" Revival.\" Cambridge Opera Journal 22, no. 3 (2010): 301-26. Accessed May 18, 2021. http://www.jstor.org/stable/41493879."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePauline Viardot - born Michelle Ferdinande Pauline García Sitches, and also known professionally as Pauline García - was a famous mezzo-soprano opera singer and composer during the second half of the 19th century. 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She passed away in 1910."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, C0484, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot, C0484, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in May 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Pauline Viardot-Garcia papers\" href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/1387\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e and the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Pauline Viardot-Garcia additional papers\" href=\"https://hollisarchives.lib.harvard.edu/repositories/24/resources/3178\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center holds many other collections and materials on opera and opera singers.","The Houghton Library at Harvard University holds the  and the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. 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The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_ba7955edd7809983117ed0c609883895\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eLithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Lithographic print portrait of Pauline Viardot by \"L. Loire.\" The portrait features a young, likely teenaged Viardot from the waist up in a white dress, circa 1839."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_93bfb13b9fe5589a5feff7c166802196\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"names_coll_ssim":["Viardot-García, Pauline, 1821-1910"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_170.xml","title_ssm":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection"],"title_tesim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"text":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986","C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170","Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is not arranged in any specific order.","No information of donor or history is known at the present time.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection.","This collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry.","Several of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170"],"unitid_tesim":["C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet (4 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is not arranged in any specific order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is not arranged in any specific order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo information of donor or history is known at the present time.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["No information of donor or history is known at the present time."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMusic, Theatre, and Spoken Word Sound Recordings, Collection C0130, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word Sound Recordings, Collection C0130, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry.","Several of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_39ae137ff05e56a34bc84cd9294ad3e0\"\u003eThis collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_170.xml","title_ssm":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection"],"title_tesim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1949-1986"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1949-1986"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1949/1986"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"text":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986","C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170","Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings","There are no access restrictions.","The collection is not arranged in any specific order.","No information of donor or history is known at the present time.","The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.","Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection.","This collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry.","Several of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","This collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection.","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"collection_ssim":["Music, theatre, and spoken word sound recordings collection, 1949/1986"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170"],"unitid_tesim":["C0130","/repositories/2/resources/170"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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(See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Music -- 20th century","Music","Acting","Depressions -- 1929","Protest songs -- United States","Folk music -- United States","Live sound recordings","Musical Theater","Theater","Drama","Speeches, addresses, etc.","Labor unions","Literature","Sound recordings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1.25 Linear Feet (4 boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["1.25 Linear Feet (4 boxes)"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings"],"date_range_isim":[1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is not arranged in any specific order.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is not arranged in any specific order."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo information of donor or history is known at the present time.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["No information of donor or history is known at the present time."],"phystech_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"phystech_heading_ssm":["Technical Requirements"],"phystech_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center does not have the equipment necessary to vinyl records. Additional time and money may be required to access this material."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMusic, Theatre, and Spoken Word Sound Recordings, Collection C0130, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Music, Theatre, and Spoken Word Sound Recordings, Collection C0130, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012. EAD markup completed by Kristen Korfitzen in 2012."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the Japanese Phonograph collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains 31 LP phonograph albums including music, musical scores, plays, literature recordings and speech recordings. The albums span a roughly 40 year period being released between 1949 and the late 1980s. Musical albums include: A Tribute to Woodie Guthrie, Pete Seeger's Greatest Hits, Songs of the Depression, and I Will Win: Songs of the Wooblies. Albums of recorded plays feature playwrights such as William Shakespeare and Arthur Miller. The collection also features original cast recordings of musicals Winnie and Brigham!, a musical based on the life of Brigham Young and contains literary recordings of the works of T.S. Elliot, Frederick Douglass and Lorraine Hansberry.","Several of the albums focus on content related to the Great Depression, unions, American labour, and Folk Music."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated. (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_39ae137ff05e56a34bc84cd9294ad3e0\"\u003eThis collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains LP phonograph albums containing a variety of music, oral history, and musical scores. This box was found unlabeled and might be associated with another collection."],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"persname_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"names_coll_ssim":["Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Hansberry, Lorraine, 1930-1965","Miller, Arthur, 1915-2005","Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:22.040Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_170"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_37.xml","title_filing_ssi":"North American 19th century theatre broadside collection","title_ssm":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection"],"title_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1867"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"text":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867","C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37","Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada","Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Performing arts","Broadsides -- 1850-1870","Theatrical posters","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into seven series predominantly by venue. Some single broadsides grouped together.","Series\n      Series 1: National Theatre of Boston, 1850-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Boston Museum, 1852-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 3: Boston Theatre, 1854-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 4: Howard Anthenaeum, 1851-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 5: Boston Academy of Music, 1860 (Box 1)\n      Series 6: Canada and New York City, 1855-1867 (Box 1)\n      Series 7: Boston and New York City, 1850s-1860s (Box 1)","Since the eighteenth century, theatre-going in Boston has been quite popular, even if not entirely legal. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Boston was in conflict between a Puritan history and artistic freedom. Theaters often used non-controversial or misleading names (such as the Boston Museum) to partially disguise their identity as a theatre. However, this struggle between religious and artistic ideas lasted into the 20th century.","Theatre in Boston flourished throughout most of the nineteenth century despite this ongoing feud. Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees.","Processed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010.","The Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other .","This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall.","Most of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues.","R29, C4, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"collection_ssim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"unitid_tesim":["C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Performing arts","Broadsides -- 1850-1870","Theatrical posters"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Performing arts","Broadsides -- 1850-1870","Theatrical posters"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 Linear Feet 1 box"],"extent_tesim":["2 Linear Feet 1 box"],"genreform_ssim":["Broadsides -- 1850-1870","Theatrical posters"],"date_range_isim":[1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series predominantly by venue. Some single broadsides grouped together.\u003c/p\u003e    ","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003chead\u003eSeries\u003c/head\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 1: National Theatre of Boston, 1850-1857 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 2: Boston Museum, 1852-1858 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 3: Boston Theatre, 1854-1858 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 4: Howard Anthenaeum, 1851-1857 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 5: Boston Academy of Music, 1860 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 6: Canada and New York City, 1855-1867 (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eSeries 7: Boston and New York City, 1850s-1860s (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e\n  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series predominantly by venue. Some single broadsides grouped together.","Series\n      Series 1: National Theatre of Boston, 1850-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Boston Museum, 1852-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 3: Boston Theatre, 1854-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 4: Howard Anthenaeum, 1851-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 5: Boston Academy of Music, 1860 (Box 1)\n      Series 6: Canada and New York City, 1855-1867 (Box 1)\n      Series 7: Boston and New York City, 1850s-1860s (Box 1)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Since the eighteenth century, theatre-going in Boston has been quite popular, even if not entirely legal. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Boston was in conflict between a Puritan history and artistic freedom. Theaters often used non-controversial or misleading names (such as the Boston Museum) to partially disguise their identity as a theatre. However, this struggle between religious and artistic ideas lasted into the 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Theatre in Boston flourished throughout most of the nineteenth century despite this ongoing feud. Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Since the eighteenth century, theatre-going in Boston has been quite popular, even if not entirely legal. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Boston was in conflict between a Puritan history and artistic freedom. Theaters often used non-controversial or misleading names (such as the Boston Museum) to partially disguise their identity as a theatre. However, this struggle between religious and artistic ideas lasted into the 20th century.","Theatre in Boston flourished throughout most of the nineteenth century despite this ongoing feud. Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorth American 19th century theatre broadside collection, C0081, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, C0081, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"theatre collections\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85134522\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall.","Most of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d05ea848f0d59764ae39f991551616c8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_32a9d920136e071738de0b78dff77807\"\u003eR29, C4, S1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R29, C4, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"names_coll_ssim":["Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_37.xml","title_filing_ssi":"North American 19th century theatre broadside collection","title_ssm":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection"],"title_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1850-1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1850-1867"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1850/1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"text":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867","C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37","Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada","Theater","Theater -- United States","Theater -- New York (State) -- New York","Performing arts","Broadsides -- 1850-1870","Theatrical posters","There are no access restrictions.","Arranged into seven series predominantly by venue. 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Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees.","Processed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010.","The Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other .","This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall.","Most of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues.","R29, C4, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"collection_ssim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, 1850/1867"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"unitid_tesim":["C0081","/repositories/2/resources/37"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"geogname_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"places_ssim":["Boston (Mass.)","New York (N.Y.)","Canada"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Some single broadsides grouped together.","Series\n      Series 1: National Theatre of Boston, 1850-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 2: Boston Museum, 1852-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 3: Boston Theatre, 1854-1858 (Box 1)\n      Series 4: Howard Anthenaeum, 1851-1857 (Box 1)\n      Series 5: Boston Academy of Music, 1860 (Box 1)\n      Series 6: Canada and New York City, 1855-1867 (Box 1)\n      Series 7: Boston and New York City, 1850s-1860s (Box 1)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Since the eighteenth century, theatre-going in Boston has been quite popular, even if not entirely legal. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Boston was in conflict between a Puritan history and artistic freedom. Theaters often used non-controversial or misleading names (such as the Boston Museum) to partially disguise their identity as a theatre. However, this struggle between religious and artistic ideas lasted into the 20th century. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Theatre in Boston flourished throughout most of the nineteenth century despite this ongoing feud. Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["Since the eighteenth century, theatre-going in Boston has been quite popular, even if not entirely legal. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, Boston was in conflict between a Puritan history and artistic freedom. Theaters often used non-controversial or misleading names (such as the Boston Museum) to partially disguise their identity as a theatre. However, this struggle between religious and artistic ideas lasted into the 20th century.","Theatre in Boston flourished throughout most of the nineteenth century despite this ongoing feud. Smaller playhouses led to more prominent theatres such as the Boston Theatre (1854-1925), Boston Museum (1841-1903), and the Howard Anthenaeum (1845-1953). These major theatres were generally located close to Boston's commercial center and the Beacon Hill residences of affluent theatre attendees."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorth American 19th century theatre broadside collection, C0081, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["North American 19th century theatre broadside collection, C0081, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kate Norman. EAD markup completed by Kate Norman in April 2010."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"theatre collections\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/subjects/sh85134522\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research CEnter also holds many other ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man. \u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues. Other locations include venues in New York and Canada. The collection contains an estimated forty broadside bills for performances at the Boston Theatre between 1954-1958, thirty for performances at the Howard Anthenaeum between 1951-1957, twenty at the Boston Museum in 1952-1958, and others at the Boston National Theatre, the Boston Academy of Music, and City Hall.","Most of the broadsides measure approximately 7\" x 19\", with some variation, and feature classic nineteenth-century typography with artful fonts and little pointing hands. Some of the broadsides are also accompanied by interesting graphics along the margins. The collection includes ads for such varied bills as Adelina Patti in Donizetti's Lucia Di Lammermoor; G.G. Spear in the drama, Moll Pitcher! The Fortune Teller; a Pyne and Harrison Opera Company production of Rip Van Winkle; and a drama by Dion Boucicault and E. H. House titled Arrah-Na-Pogue! Or, the Wicklow Wedding, which advertises segregated seating for blacks and warns that women will not be admitted if unaccompanied by a man."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d05ea848f0d59764ae39f991551616c8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThis collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["This collection contains around 100 theatre broadsides from the mid-nineteenth century. Nearly all of the broadsides were published in Boston, advertising theatre, opera, and lighter fare in various Boston venues."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_32a9d920136e071738de0b78dff77807\"\u003eR29, C4, S1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R29, C4, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"names_coll_ssim":["Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Boston Museum and Gallery of Fine Arts","Boston Theatre (Washington Street, Boston, Mass.)","Howard Athenaeum"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":96,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:41.383Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_37"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:18.300Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_144.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia Civil War images collection","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection"],"unitdate_ssm":["1853-1914"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1853-1914"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1853/1914"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"text":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914","C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144","Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History","Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings","There are no access restrictions.","This collection is arranged by locality of primary image.","The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.","Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.","The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers.","The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.","Public domain. There are no known restrictions.","The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.","Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, 1853/1914"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"unitid_tesim":["C0150","/repositories/2/resources/144"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"places_ssim":["Virginia -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern","United States -- History -- Civil War, 1861-1865","Virginia, Northern -- History"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by Special Collections and Archives in 1997-2005 from Prints Old and Rare."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Maps","Lithography","Chromolithography","Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Wood engravings","Steel engravings"],"date_range_isim":[1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged by locality of primary image.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged by locality of primary image."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAnother popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Illustrated London News was one of the first newspapers to employ wood engravings on a wide scale. One of its artists was Frank Vizetelly (1830-1883); he covered the Civil War for British readers. Early on, he illustrated the war from the Union side but was later allowed to draw from the Confederate side. Artists like Vizetelly sometimes did more than draw, though. He acted as a messenger for Confederate General James Longstreet at the battle of Chickamauga. Vizetelly was also a staff aide for the Confederates at the battle of Fredericksburg and was present at Charleston, South Carolina, when it was besieged. Because of such personal involvement by artists, many engravings were not made by detached observers, but by active participants in history unfolding.","Frank Leslie (1821-1880) was another artist who began his career as an engraver in 1842 and eventually published his own newspaper, which he titled, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper. The newspaper also covered the Civil War. Leslie used a large number of illustrations in his newspaper to increase circulation. Images from Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper are well represented in Northern Virginia Images Collection, including several images from the German language edition of the newspaper.","Another popular periodical of the time was Harper's Weekly. It first appeared in 1857 and became one of the most important and influential periodicals in nineteenth century America, notably during the Civil War. Two prominent artists for Harper's Weekly during this period were Alfred Waud (1828-1891) and Thomas Nast (1840-1902). Engravings by both are included in Northern Virginia Images Collection. Waud was primarily assigned to the eastern front and covered the war from the Battle of First Manassas to the Confederacy's surrender at Appomattox Court House. Thomas Nast (who later became famous for creating the roly- poly figure in red we now know as Santa Claus) worked largely in New York for most of the war. One of the major exceptions to this was when he spent time in the Union camp during the Battle of Gettysburg. Nast's sympathies were for the Union side, which, naturally, bothered Southerners, who often sent threatening letters to Nast at the Harper's Weekly office. By and large, The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly illustrated the Civil War from the Northern point-of-view.","Many of today's Northern Virginia residents only know the area as a population outgrowth of Washington, D.C. Despite this cosmopolitan reputation, it was largely farm country at the time of the Civil War through World War II. Few realize that the area was the frequent battleground for large contending forces. Yet, many of the areas that are depicted in the images still exist today but under much different circumstances. Some of the areas included in these images have undergone radical cultural changes as well. An Islamic Mosque now occupies Munson Hill, which Confederate forces occupied under General J.E.B. Stuart during early days of the war."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia Civil War images collection, C0150, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Special Collections Research Center staff. EAD markup completed in February 2009 by Eron Ackerman and Jordan Patty. EAD updated by Greta Kuriger in July 2011."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Alexander Haight family collection\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0159\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Milton Barnes papers\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0065\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e, and the WRLC digital collection \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Virginia Civil War Archive\" href=\"http://www.aladin.wrlc.org/gsdl/collect/vacw/vacw.shtml\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e. The \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"digital version of Harper's Weekly\" href=\"http://app.harpweek.com/\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e is available for GMU affiliated researchers.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds the , the , and the WRLC digital collection . The  is available for GMU affiliated researchers."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMost of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of nearly 200 images on various historical subjects in a variety of formats, including wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, maps, and manuscripts. Most of the images depict battles and maps of the Civil War. The maps include the cities of Arlington and Alexandria and the counties of Fairfax, Loudoun and Prince William. Columbia Pike, Chain Bridge, Long Bridge, the Little River Turnpike, Centreville and Manassas all existed at the time of the Civil War and all of them are represented or referenced in these images.","Most of the Civil War images are from three periodicals: The Illustrated London News, Frank Leslie's Illustrated Newspaper, and Harper's Weekly. They are primarily wood engravings, several of which are hand colored. Though wood engraving was invented as an illustrative technique in the 1790s, it was the later appearance of the mass illustrated newspaper that took advantage of the technique to appeal to a wide readership.","Although pictorial images comprise the majority of images in the collection, there are also numerous maps, most of which were produced by lithography. A number were produced for military purposes and employed by both the North and South alike. Maps made during the Civil War were often exceedingly accurate; their usefulness carried on into the twentieth century."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePublic domain. There are no known restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["Public domain. There are no known restrictions."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_dbd7a4df24b2682fee1bc6ec071e507a\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eThe collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains images and maps depicting Northern Virginia. A majority of the images are contemporary illustrations of the Civil War in Virginia. Formats include wood engravings, steel engravings, lithographs, chromolithographs, and a manuscript."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_a70d19fef0e8a7a6be4be2038580131d\"\u003eMap Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["Map Case 11.5, 23.5-24.5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":471,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:18.300Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_144"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_454.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"text":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary","C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454","Virginia, Northern","Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","Diary entries are organized chronologically by date.","Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.","The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","R54, C3, S2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"unitid_tesim":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessioned by the Special Collections Research Center in June 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiary entries are organized chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Diary entries are organized chronologically by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cextptr href=\"https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1651244623.html?FMT=AI\" title=\"Vaughn, Curtis L. 'Freedom is Not Enough: African-Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County,' PhD. dissertation, George Mason University, 2014.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.fxva.com/275/history-essays/the-end-of-civil-war/\" title=\"Netherton, Nan, et. al. 'The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds,' Fairfax County Virginia: a History, 1978, Fairfax County Virginia, accessed June 11, 2018.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\")."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5397856004c87e44889c0e1f7464d08f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDaily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7160e1e24183a0680dc5a52c6eecb2b2\"\u003eR54, C3, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C3, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:20:54.310Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_454","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_454.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Northern Virginia farmer's diary","title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"unitdate_ssm":["1867"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1867"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"text":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary","C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454","Virginia, Northern","Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia","There are no access restrictions.","Diary entries are organized chronologically by date.","Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.","The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.","R54, C3, S2","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","English"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"unitid_tesim":["C0313","/repositories/2/resources/454"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"geogname_ssm":["Virginia, Northern"],"geogname_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"places_ssim":["Virginia, Northern"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Accessioned by the Special Collections Research Center in June 2018."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Diaries","Livestock","Farmers","Crops","Agriculture -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["0.25 Linear Feet"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDiary entries are organized chronologically by date.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Diary entries are organized chronologically by date."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e \u003cextptr href=\"https://pqdtopen.proquest.com/doc/1651244623.html?FMT=AI\" title=\"Vaughn, Curtis L. 'Freedom is Not Enough: African-Americans in Antebellum Fairfax County,' PhD. dissertation, George Mason University, 2014.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n            ","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr href=\"https://www.fxva.com/275/history-essays/the-end-of-civil-war/\" title=\"Netherton, Nan, et. al. 'The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds,' Fairfax County Virginia: a History, 1978, Fairfax County Virginia, accessed June 11, 2018.\" show=\"new\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\").\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Northern Virginia saw major military action during the Civil War, particularly during the First and Second Battles of Bull Run (or Manassas). As Nan Netherton notes, parts of the highly agricultural county (and the surrounding region) suffered significant destruction during the conflict (\"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\"), and the system of African-American slavery on which large-scale farming in the region had been built was abolished by the end of the war. However, according to Curtis L. Vaughan, agriculture in the region had become smaller in scale and less dependent on enslaved African-Americans even in the decades before the conflict - he recognizes that \"the drivers of the economy were shifting from plantations to family farms, and the pre-revolutionary elite families were scattering\" (1). By 1867, when the farmer who kept the Northern Virginia farmer's diary was writing, the old slavery-dependent plantation economy had been abolished permanently, and sharecropping and family farming were the more common forms of agriculture (Netherton, \"The Civil War ends...Fairfax County rebuilds\")."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNorthern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Northern Virginia farmer's diary, C0313, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in June 2018."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection consists of a one-volume \"pocket diary\" of a Northern Virginia farmer from 1867. The diary was published for \"professional men\" in New York, and contains dates for the year 1860. The owner of the diary crossed out 1860 and wrote in 1867, and altered each day of the week so that it was consistent with the day on which each date fell in 1867. The diary's owner recorded entries about the daily weather, planting of crops, purchase of materials and livestock, and general work done on the farm, including information on farm laborers. He also included occasional family details and recorded visitors to the farm, and drew a few sketches of people at the end of the diary."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_5397856004c87e44889c0e1f7464d08f\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eDaily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Daily journal of a farmer in post-Civil War Northern Virginia."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_7160e1e24183a0680dc5a52c6eecb2b2\"\u003eR54, C3, S2\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R54, C3, S2"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.","Ceresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.","\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026oldid=1209080721.","Livacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" Baseball History Comes Alive (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.","\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1.","The selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.","The 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.","One of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.","The Special Collections Research center holds the Jack Rottier photograph collection which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.","The Library of Congress holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials.","\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)","English\n."],"collection_title_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933"],"collection_ssim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0424","/repositories/2/resources/699"],"unitid_tesim":["C0424","/repositories/2/resources/699"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["United Publishing Company","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["United Publishing Company","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donor is unknown."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Sports","Baseball","Baseball -- Scorekeeping","Baseball programs","Memorabilia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Sports","Baseball","Baseball -- Scorekeeping","Baseball programs","Memorabilia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"extent_tesim":[".01 Linear Feet 1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Memorabilia"],"date_range_isim":[1933],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis is a single item collection.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["This is a single item collection."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"1933 World Series.\" n.d. Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026amp;oldid=1209080721.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLivacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" \u003ctitle\u003eBaseball History Comes Alive\u003c/title\u003e (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026amp;oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1933 World Series.\" n.d. Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.","Ceresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.","\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026oldid=1209080721.","Livacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" Baseball History Comes Alive (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.","\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.","The 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.","One of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, C0424, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, C0424, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0003\"\u003eJack Rottier photograph collection\u003c/a\u003e which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://guides.loc.gov/baseball\"\u003eLibrary of Congress\u003c/a\u003e holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds the Jack Rottier photograph collection which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.","The Library of Congress holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d59284c54be24ad98ab3c72a9396aa0c\"\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc4fe5aaf449eb3c5cb181f9dc92011b\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)"],"names_coll_ssim":["United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","United Publishing Company","New York Giants (Baseball team)","Washington Senators (Baseball team : 1901-1960)","World Series (Baseball)"],"language_ssim":["English\n."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-07-23T21:21:16.850Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_699.xml","title_ssm":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program"],"title_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933"],"text":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933","C0424","/repositories/2/resources/699","Sports","Baseball","Baseball -- Scorekeeping","Baseball programs","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"1933 World Series.\" n.d. Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.","Ceresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.","\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026oldid=1209080721.","Livacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" Baseball History Comes Alive (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.","\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1.","The selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.","The 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.","One of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.","The Special Collections Research center holds the Jack Rottier photograph collection which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.","The Library of Congress holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials.","\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. 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Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCeresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026amp;oldid=1209080721.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLivacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" \u003ctitle\u003eBaseball History Comes Alive\u003c/title\u003e (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In \u003ctitle\u003eWikipedia\u003c/title\u003e. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026amp;oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["\"1933 World Series.\" n.d. Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.","Ceresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.","\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026oldid=1209080721.","Livacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" Baseball History Comes Alive (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.","\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOne of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.","The 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.","One of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, C0424, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, C0424, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research center holds the \u003ca href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0003\"\u003eJack Rottier photograph collection\u003c/a\u003e which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca href=\"https://guides.loc.gov/baseball\"\u003eLibrary of Congress\u003c/a\u003e holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research center holds the Jack Rottier photograph collection which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.","The Library of Congress holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_d59284c54be24ad98ab3c72a9396aa0c\"\u003e\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_dc4fe5aaf449eb3c5cb181f9dc92011b\"\u003eR 71, C 1, S 6\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 71, C 1, S 6"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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