{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=George+Mason+University.+Libraries.+Special+Collections+Research+Center\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1933\u0026page=1"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Two photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_384.xml","title_filing_ssi":"American voyage photograph album","title_ssm":["American voyage photograph albums"],"title_tesim":["American voyage photograph albums"],"unitdate_ssm":["1904, 1930s"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904, 1930s"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904/1939"],"normalized_title_ssm":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939"],"text":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939","C0256","/repositories/2/resources/384","Railroad travel -- United States","Photographic prints","There are no access restrictions.","Photographs are contained in two volumes, labeled \"Amerique I\" and \"Amerique 2,\" and are arranged chronologically.","Victoria and Albert Museum, \"Photographic Processes,\" accessed April 13, 2015.  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/","By the early 1900s, photographic technology was becoming significantly more advanced.  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015.","This collection contains approximately 500 photographic prints in two bound volumes that document a trip to the United States, Mexico, and Canada by a French-speaking person or group sailing from Le Havre in Normandy, France.  On the first page is handwritten \"Voyage en Amerique, Avril-Mai 1904.\"  The photographs include multiple views of U.S. cities including New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle.  The images of Mexico include people, landscapes, and churches, including the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.  The images of Canada are largely rural and include Niagara Falls. The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Two photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904.","R50, C3, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","French"],"collection_title_tesim":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939"],"collection_ssim":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0256","/repositories/2/resources/384"],"unitid_tesim":["C0256","/repositories/2/resources/384"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. 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(See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by George Mason University Libraries before 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad travel -- United States","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad travel -- United States","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are contained in two volumes, labeled \"Amerique I\" and \"Amerique 2,\" and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Photographs are contained in two volumes, labeled \"Amerique I\" and \"Amerique 2,\" and are arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eVictoria and Albert Museum, \"Photographic Processes,\" accessed April 13, 2015.  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Victoria and Albert Museum, \"Photographic Processes,\" accessed April 13, 2015.  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1900s, photographic technology was becoming significantly more advanced.  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["By the early 1900s, photographic technology was becoming significantly more advanced.  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican voyage photograph album, C0256, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["American voyage photograph album, C0256, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015. 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The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains approximately 500 photographic prints in two bound volumes that document a trip to the United States, Mexico, and Canada by a French-speaking person or group sailing from Le Havre in Normandy, France.  On the first page is handwritten \"Voyage en Amerique, Avril-Mai 1904.\"  The photographs include multiple views of U.S. cities including New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle.  The images of Mexico include people, landscapes, and churches, including the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.  The images of Canada are largely rural and include Niagara Falls. The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9918d9ec2d6cc0692f36bac3479aaa77\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eTwo photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2e27d4ac3049f22a315d1ccb2580dd81\"\u003eR50, C3, S1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R50, C3, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel.","Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015.","This collection contains approximately 500 photographic prints in two bound volumes that document a trip to the United States, Mexico, and Canada by a French-speaking person or group sailing from Le Havre in Normandy, France.  On the first page is handwritten \"Voyage en Amerique, Avril-Mai 1904.\"  The photographs include multiple views of U.S. cities including New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle.  The images of Mexico include people, landscapes, and churches, including the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.  The images of Canada are largely rural and include Niagara Falls. The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back.","No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)","Two photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904.","R50, C3, S1","George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","French"],"collection_title_tesim":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939"],"collection_ssim":["American voyage photograph albums, 1904/1939"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["C0256","/repositories/2/resources/384"],"unitid_tesim":["C0256","/repositories/2/resources/384"],"repository_ssm":["George Mason University"],"repository_ssim":["George Mason University"],"creator_ssm":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"creators_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"access_terms_ssm":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Purchased by George Mason University Libraries before 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Railroad travel -- United States","Photographic prints"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Railroad travel -- United States","Photographic prints"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 boxes"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographic prints"],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no access restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["There are no access restrictions."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotographs are contained in two volumes, labeled \"Amerique I\" and \"Amerique 2,\" and are arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Photographs are contained in two volumes, labeled \"Amerique I\" and \"Amerique 2,\" and are arranged chronologically."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eVictoria and Albert Museum, \"Photographic Processes,\" accessed April 13, 2015.  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/\u003c/bibref\u003e\n  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["Victoria and Albert Museum, \"Photographic Processes,\" accessed April 13, 2015.  http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photographic-processes/"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBy the early 1900s, photographic technology was becoming significantly more advanced.  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["By the early 1900s, photographic technology was becoming significantly more advanced.  As the Victoria and Albert Museum's page on photographic processes notes, gelatin-silver prints \"by 1895 had generally replaced albumen prints because they were more stable, did not turn yellow, and were simpler to produce.\"  \nTrain travel during the early 1900s provided transportation with ease and efficiency that would have been unimaginable 50 years earlier.  Transcontinental journeys that took months by wagon or by ship in 1850 could take only weeks by 1900, encouraging more recreational travel."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAmerican voyage photograph album, C0256, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["American voyage photograph album, C0256, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015. EAD markup completed by Elizabeth Beckman in April 2015."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains approximately 500 photographic prints in two bound volumes that document a trip to the United States, Mexico, and Canada by a French-speaking person or group sailing from Le Havre in Normandy, France.  On the first page is handwritten \"Voyage en Amerique, Avril-Mai 1904.\"  The photographs include multiple views of U.S. cities including New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle.  The images of Mexico include people, landscapes, and churches, including the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.  The images of Canada are largely rural and include Niagara Falls. The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains approximately 500 photographic prints in two bound volumes that document a trip to the United States, Mexico, and Canada by a French-speaking person or group sailing from Le Havre in Normandy, France.  On the first page is handwritten \"Voyage en Amerique, Avril-Mai 1904.\"  The photographs include multiple views of U.S. cities including New York, Philadelphia, Washington, Chicago, Minneapolis, New Orleans, San Antonio, San Francisco, and Seattle.  The images of Mexico include people, landscapes, and churches, including the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe.  The images of Canada are largely rural and include Niagara Falls. The photographs also show multiple views from the railroad coach since that was the main mode of transportation used to travel across the country.  There are also four unmounted prints that show Midtown Manhattan and New Orleans.  They appear to be from the 1930s and unrelated to the rest of the photographs, although they have descriptions written in French on the back."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["No known copyright. The Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries believes that this collection is not restricted by copyright or related rights, but a conclusive determination could not be made. (See https://rightsstatements.org/page/NKC/1.0/?language=en)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_9918d9ec2d6cc0692f36bac3479aaa77\" label=\"Summary\"\u003eTwo photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Two photograph albums that document a trip through North America by French speakers in 1904."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_2e27d4ac3049f22a315d1ccb2580dd81\"\u003eR50, C3, S1\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R50, C3, S1"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center"],"language_ssim":["French"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-08-14T22:34:46.203Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_384"}},{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"United Publishing Company","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","ead_ssi":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","_root_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","_nest_parent_":"vifgm_repositories_2_resources_699","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/GMU/repositories_2_resources_699.xml","title_ssm":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program"],"title_tesim":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program"],"unitdate_ssm":["1933"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1933"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1933"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933"],"text":["\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program, 1933","C0424","/repositories/2/resources/699","Sports","Baseball","Baseball -- Scorekeeping","Baseball programs","Memorabilia","There are no access restrictions.","This is a single item collection.","\"1933 World Series.\" n.d. Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/ws/yr1933ws.shtml.","Ceresi, Frank. n.d. \"Baseball Programs and Scorecards.\" Baseball Almanac. Accessed February 21, 2024. https://www.baseball-almanac.com/treasure/autont006.shtml.","\"Harry M. Stevens.\" 2024. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Harry_M._Stevens\u0026oldid=1209080721.","Livacari, Gary. 2019. \"Let's Revisit the 1933 World Series.\" Baseball History Comes Alive (blog). October 27, 2019. https://www.baseballhistorycomesalive.com/lets-revisit-the-1933-world-series/.","\"Washington Senators (1901–1960).\" 2023. In Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Washington_Senators_(1901%E2%80%931960)\u0026oldid=1186022780#cite_note-1.","The selling of souvenir score cards and programs at baseball games goes back almost as long as professional baseball itself. However, the version that we think of today was introduced by Harry M. Stevens. Born in Derby, England in 1855, Stevens immigrated to the United States in 1882. Finding the score cards currently being sold to be low quality as they didn't assist in identifying players, Stevens designed a new version which included, in addition to the score card, illustrations on the front cover, a full roster of players and their positions inside, and space for advertisements. Low printing costs and the ability for businesses to purchase advertising space quickly made Stevens' new design appealing to team owners, and soon nearly every professional ballpark was selling souvenir score cards to fans. Stevens' design is still the standard used today.","The 1933 World Series, referred to at the time as the World's Series, was played over five games from October 3-7, 1933 between the Washington Nationals (commonly referred to as the Senators) and the New York Giants. Both teams had first-year player-managers who would go on to be inducted into the Baseball Hall of Fame, Joe Cronin for Washington and Bill Terry for New York. While the Senators were heavily favored going into the series, strong pitching from the Giants led to an easy victory, winning four out of the five games. The 1933 World's Series was the last in Washington, D.C. until 2019.","One of the American League's eight charter franchises, founded in Washington, D.C. in 1901, the team was known officially as the Washington Senators from 1901-1904. The name changed officially to the Nationals from 1905-1955, before returning to the Senators from 1956-1960. The name \"Nationals\" only appeared on the team's uniforms for two seasons before being replaced with the \"W\" logo and the team would be commonly referred to as the Senators throughout its history. The Senators eventually moved and became the Minnesota Twins in 1961. The current Washington Nationals team, the former Montreal Expos, moved to Washington, D.C. in 2005.","Processing and finding aid completed by Meghan Glasbrenner in February 2024.","The Special Collections Research center holds the Jack Rottier photograph collection which includes photographs and slides of Washington Senators baseball games.","The Library of Congress holds one of the world's largest and most diverse collections of baseball-related materials.","\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program. Interior contains headshots identifying officers and players for the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants and narratives introducing each of the teams. The center fold contains a blank score card to be filled in by spectators during the game. The score card for this copy is partially completed in pencil and the scores entered indicate the program was possibly used during Game 3 of the series, which Washington won 4-0.","The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)","\"Official Souvenir Score Card World's Series 1933\" program featuring the Washington Nationals and the New York Giants.","R 71, C 1, S 6","George Mason University. Libraries. 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Accessed July 30, 2021. http://mars.gmu.edu/bitstream/handle/1920/10033/PDFbehindthebenignSLIDES.pdf?sequence=1\u0026amp;isAllowed=y.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\"The Nazi Party: Background \u0026amp; Overview.\" Background \u0026amp; Overview of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-the-nazi-party-nsdap.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Bibliography"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. \"Third Reich.\" Encyclopaedia Britannica. Encyclopaedia Britannica, inc. https://www.britannica.com/place/Third-Reich.","\"Female Hitler Youth.\" The National Holocaust Centre and Museum, accessed July 30, 2021.\nhttps://www.holocaust.org.uk/the-league-of-german-girls.","Gerber, Steven K. \"Behind the Benign - Reading and Contextualizing a Photograph of Girls Playing Recorders.\" Presented at Association Répertoire International d'Iconographie Musicale (RIdIM) Conference, 2015. Accessed July 30, 2021. http://mars.gmu.edu/bitstream/handle/1920/10033/PDFbehindthebenignSLIDES.pdf?sequence=1\u0026isAllowed=y.","\"The Nazi Party: Background \u0026 Overview.\" Background \u0026 Overview of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-the-nazi-party-nsdap."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi Party was a German far-right political party that existed from 1920-1945; it came to national power in 1933 and held that power until 1945. Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazis believed in a rigid racial hierarchy with the German so-called \"master race\" at the top. This belief led the Nazi state and its collaborators to commit the genocide of millions of Jews, as well as other marginalized groups it deemed \"inferior\", such as homosexual men and women, Romani people, the disabled, and people of non-German nationalities such as Slavic peoples. 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EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in July 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other materials and rare books on the Nazi Party and World War II, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Caricature drawing of Nazi officers and onlookers singing around a piano by Zora Simeunovic\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0456\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other materials and rare books on the Nazi Party and World War II, including the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer. The young girls in the photograph are all outfitted in the same dress. The photograph was originally owned and lent out by Culver Pictures, Inc. of New York, New York. The verso features stamps and stickers from the company, as well as a handwritten note that says \"Hitler Youth - 1933[.]\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis photograph was likely taken circa 1933 in Germany but there is no way to officially verify this. The group in this photograph could also be associated with the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, which was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. During the early 1930s, girls as young as ten were indoctrinated into the BDM with little to no choice in the matter, and considering the time period it is likely these girls would do the same. However, there are no visual clues in this photograph to completely support this theory, such as the distinctive black and white uniform worn by all BDM girls and women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Black and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer. The young girls in the photograph are all outfitted in the same dress. The photograph was originally owned and lent out by Culver Pictures, Inc. of New York, New York. The verso features stamps and stickers from the company, as well as a handwritten note that says \"Hitler Youth - 1933[.]\"","This photograph was likely taken circa 1933 in Germany but there is no way to officially verify this. The group in this photograph could also be associated with the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, which was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. During the early 1930s, girls as young as ten were indoctrinated into the BDM with little to no choice in the matter, and considering the time period it is likely these girls would do the same. However, there are no visual clues in this photograph to completely support this theory, such as the distinctive black and white uniform worn by all BDM girls and women."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0e44050e11585a9d19a93aec84de50a8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlack and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer, circa 1933.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Black and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer, circa 1933."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5edb5ffdd482f8a6f15bd0999b29e9d1\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. 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The verso features stamps and stickers from the company, as well as a handwritten note that says \"Hitler Youth - 1933[.]\"","This photograph was likely taken circa 1933 in Germany but there is no way to officially verify this. The group in this photograph could also be associated with the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, which was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. During the early 1930s, girls as young as ten were indoctrinated into the BDM with little to no choice in the matter, and considering the time period it is likely these girls would do the same. 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Accessed July 30, 2021. http://mars.gmu.edu/bitstream/handle/1920/10033/PDFbehindthebenignSLIDES.pdf?sequence=1\u0026isAllowed=y.","\"The Nazi Party: Background \u0026 Overview.\" Background \u0026 Overview of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/background-and-overview-of-the-nazi-party-nsdap."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Nazi Party was a German far-right political party that existed from 1920-1945; it came to national power in 1933 and held that power until 1945. Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazis believed in a rigid racial hierarchy with the German so-called \"master race\" at the top. This belief led the Nazi state and its collaborators to commit the genocide of millions of Jews, as well as other marginalized groups it deemed \"inferior\", such as homosexual men and women, Romani people, the disabled, and people of non-German nationalities such as Slavic peoples. This genocide is known as the Holocaust, and is considered one of the greatest atrocities in human history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. According to the National Holocaust Centre and Museum website: The BDM's \"role was to indoctrinate girls into the beliefs and ideals of the Nazi regime. The BDM focused on developing girls into women who were dedicated to Nazism, dutiful housewives, and whose role within society was to become a mother. Girls were to grow up with an unquestioning understanding of the intended role of women in the Third Reich. BDM members were required to have German parents, be in good health, and conform to Nazi racial ideals.\" Music was a core focus of the BDM, in addition to domestic and agricultural activities.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information"],"bioghist_tesim":["The Nazi Party was a German far-right political party that existed from 1920-1945; it came to national power in 1933 and held that power until 1945. Led by Adolf Hitler, the Nazis believed in a rigid racial hierarchy with the German so-called \"master race\" at the top. This belief led the Nazi state and its collaborators to commit the genocide of millions of Jews, as well as other marginalized groups it deemed \"inferior\", such as homosexual men and women, Romani people, the disabled, and people of non-German nationalities such as Slavic peoples. This genocide is known as the Holocaust, and is considered one of the greatest atrocities in human history.","The Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. According to the National Holocaust Centre and Museum website: The BDM's \"role was to indoctrinate girls into the beliefs and ideals of the Nazi regime. The BDM focused on developing girls into women who were dedicated to Nazism, dutiful housewives, and whose role within society was to become a mother. Girls were to grow up with an unquestioning understanding of the intended role of women in the Third Reich. BDM members were required to have German parents, be in good health, and conform to Nazi racial ideals.\" Music was a core focus of the BDM, in addition to domestic and agricultural activities."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePhotograph of young German girls playing recorders walking down hillside, C0488, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"prefercite_tesim":["Photograph of young German girls playing recorders walking down hillside, C0488, Special Collections Research Center, George Mason University Libraries."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in July 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processing completed by Amanda Brent in July 2021. EAD markup completed by Amanda Brent in July 2021. This item was formerly part of the Performing Arts Manuscript Materials collection, C0215."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Special Collections Research Center also holds other materials and rare books on the Nazi Party and World War II, including the \u003cextptr show=\"new\" title=\"Caricature drawing of Nazi officers and onlookers singing around a piano by Zora Simeunovic\" href=\"https://aspace.gmu.edu/resources/c0456\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["The Special Collections Research Center also holds other materials and rare books on the Nazi Party and World War II, including the ."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBlack and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer. The young girls in the photograph are all outfitted in the same dress. The photograph was originally owned and lent out by Culver Pictures, Inc. of New York, New York. The verso features stamps and stickers from the company, as well as a handwritten note that says \"Hitler Youth - 1933[.]\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis photograph was likely taken circa 1933 in Germany but there is no way to officially verify this. The group in this photograph could also be associated with the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, which was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. During the early 1930s, girls as young as ten were indoctrinated into the BDM with little to no choice in the matter, and considering the time period it is likely these girls would do the same. However, there are no visual clues in this photograph to completely support this theory, such as the distinctive black and white uniform worn by all BDM girls and women.\u003c/p\u003e  "],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Black and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer. The young girls in the photograph are all outfitted in the same dress. The photograph was originally owned and lent out by Culver Pictures, Inc. of New York, New York. The verso features stamps and stickers from the company, as well as a handwritten note that says \"Hitler Youth - 1933[.]\"","This photograph was likely taken circa 1933 in Germany but there is no way to officially verify this. The group in this photograph could also be associated with the Bund Deutscher Mädel (BDM), or the League of German Girls, which was the female equivalent to the Hitler Youth. During the early 1930s, girls as young as ten were indoctrinated into the BDM with little to no choice in the matter, and considering the time period it is likely these girls would do the same. However, there are no visual clues in this photograph to completely support this theory, such as the distinctive black and white uniform worn by all BDM girls and women."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)\u003c/p\u003e  "],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright and related rights status of this collection have not been evaluated (See http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/CNE/1.0/)"],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_0e44050e11585a9d19a93aec84de50a8\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eBlack and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer, circa 1933.\u003c/abstract\u003e\n    "],"abstract_tesim":["Black and white photograph of eleven German girls and a presumably woman adult playing recorders while walking down a hillside by an unknown photographer, circa 1933."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_5edb5ffdd482f8a6f15bd0999b29e9d1\"\u003eR 72, C 3, S 5\u003c/physloc\u003e\n    "],"physloc_tesim":["R 72, C 3, S 5"],"corpname_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. Special Collections Research Center","Bund Deutscher Mädel"],"names_coll_ssim":["Bund Deutscher Mädel"],"names_ssim":["George Mason University. Libraries. 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