{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026view=compact","next":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cumberland+County+%28Va.%29+Circuit+Court%0A\u0026page=2\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":2,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":18,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"vi_vi05124","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) 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Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County Circuit Court.\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["African Americans--Mental Health--Virginia--Cumberland County.","County courts--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Insanity--Jurisprudence--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Jails--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Medical laws and legislation--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Mental illness--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Physicians--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Psychiatric hospitals--Virginia.","Public health--Virginia.","Public health administration--Virginia.","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Quarantine--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Smallpox prevention.","Health and Medical--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["2 folders"],"extent_tesim":["2 folders"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eChronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["Chronological by year, then alphabetically by last name of individual.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFirst known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"," Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.).","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1156173\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County Health and Medical Records, \n 1770-1904"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWestern Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Mental Health Records may consist of a variety of documents that historically were referred to as lunacy papers in the courthouses of Virginia localities and municipalities.\n","First known as commissions, the Justice of the Peace office originated with the county quarterly court in 1623. Commanders of Plantations (1607-1629) were predecessors of the commissioners, who since 1662 have been called justices of the peace. They have traditionally had both civil and criminal jurisdiction, and have served other functions, including performing coroners' and lunacy inquisitions. Until 1869 justices served both as judges of the county court and as individual justices; since then they have had only the latter function.\n","A fiduciary is an individual who enters into a confidential and legal relationship which binds them to act on behalf of another. Guardians are legally invested to take care of another person, and of the property and rights of that person. Thus, some records referred to as insanity papers are housed with fiduciary records and not with mental health records.\n","During its session begun in November 1769, the House of Burgesses passed an act establishing a hospital in Williamsburg for the mentally ill. The Eastern Lunatic Asylum (now Eastern State Hospital) was the first institution in America constructed as a mental hospital. The first patients were admitted in October 1773.\n","In January 1825 the Virginia General Assembly passed legislation providing for the construction of an asylum in the western part of the state. The institution, which became known as Western Lunatic Asylum, was constructed close to the town of Staunton, west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, and was the second mental health facility built in the Commonwealth of Virginia. The buildings and surrounding gardens were designed to embrace the idea of \"moral therapy\" for mentally ill patients by providing an aesthetically pleasing and tranquil atmosphere in which patients lived comfortably, exercised and worked outdoors.\n","Western Lunatic Asylum opened in 1828, accepting both male and female patients suffering from a variety of mental disorders. It should be noted that the hospital underwent a short-lived name change between 1861 and 1865, when it was known as Central Lunatic Asylum. (It should not be confused with an asylum of the same name later built in Petersburg, Virginia to house African American patients). From 1865 to 1894 the name was again Western Lunatic Asylum. However, in 1894 the General Assembly passed legislation changing the name to Western State Hospital.\n","In March 1882 a 300 acre tract of land was purchased by the City of Petersburg and given to the state for the purpose of constructing a permanent mental health facility for African Americans. Construction of the new facility near Petersburg was completed in early spring 1885. This later included a special building to house the criminally insane apart from the rest of the hospital population. An early institutional history notes that treatment at Central Lunatic Asylum during the 1890s was humane and emphasized the value of work and the benefits of recreation. However, practices at the facility also included seclusion, mechanical restraints, and the administering of hypnotics.\n"," In 1894, Central Lunatic Asylum was officially renamed Central State Hospital. This piece of legislation also altered the names of the other mental health facilities in Virginia in and attempt to inspire a more positive image of the institutions, and of mental health treatment in general. It is important to note that another state institution located in Staunton, Virginia went by the name Central Lunatic Asylum between the years of 1861 and 1865. Its name later was changed to Western Lunatic Asylum, and is a separate facility with no connection to the Richmond/Petersburg hospital for African Americans.\n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSmallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Health and Medical Records, 1770-1904, consist of 2 folders of Mental Health Records and Smallpox Epidemic Records.\n","Mental Health Records, 1770-1904 contains one folder which includes warrants, orders, petitions, depositions, reports, etc. for or by justices of the peace, local sheriffs, and others regarding the mental condition of individuals who were released to the recognizance of a family member or who were committed to a mental hospital.  Fiduciary records such as estate inventories of a person judged insane and receipts for services transporting persons to hospitals may also be present.  References lunatic hospital in Williamsburg in documents as early as 1806.  \n","Smallpox Epidemic Records, 1829-1873, consist of one folder of documents relating to quarantines and hospitals for the containment and/or treatment of smallpox outbreaks in Cumberland County.\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","Central Lunatic Asylum for Colored Insane, Virginia.","Central State Hospital (Petersburg, Va.).","Eastern State Hospital (Va.).","Western State Hospital (Va.)."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:29:30.322Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05124"}},{"id":"vi_vi05398","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05398#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05398#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05398#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05398","_root_":"vi_vi05398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05398.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881","This collection is arranged Series I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n  Series II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n  Series III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n Series IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n Series V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n Series VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n Series VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n Series VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n Series IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n Series X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n Series XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n Series XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n Series XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n Series XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n Series XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n","State Records Center\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Cumberland County in an undated accession.\n","James and Samuel Boyd Memorandum Book, 1798-1801, came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County with accession number 41667.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n  Series II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n  Series III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n Series IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n Series V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n Series VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n Series VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n Series VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n Series IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n Series X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n Series XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n Series XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n Series XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n Series XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n Series XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:01:21.669Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi05398","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05398","_root_":"vi_vi05398","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05398","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05398.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881","This collection is arranged Series I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n  Series II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n  Series III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n Series IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n Series V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n Series VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n Series VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n Series VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n Series IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n Series X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n Series XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n Series XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n Series XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n Series XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n Series XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n","Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n","State Records Center\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, \n 1798-1881"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in transfers of court papers from Cumberland County in an undated accession.\n","James and Samuel Boyd Memorandum Book, 1798-1801, came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court papers from Cumberland County with accession number 41667.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["21 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["21 volumes"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n \u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003citem\u003eSeries XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged Series I: Armistead and McAshan Ledger, 1836-1838\n  Series II: James and Samuel Boyd Records, 1798-1801\n  Series III: Alexis M. Davenport Journal, 1816\n Series IV: Benjamin B. Johnson Records, 1824-1826\n Series V: Robert M. Moore Account Book, 1833-1842\n Series VI: Muddy Creek Mill Account Book, 1847-1850\n Series VII: Charles R. Palmore Account Book, 1870-1881\n Series VIII: Benjamin Harris Powell Daybook, 1852-1854\n Series IX: S and M General Store Ledger, 1856-1859\n Series X: S and W Mill Ledger, 1831-1832\n Series XI: A and D Smith Letter Book, 1829-1842\n Series XII: Alexander C. Smith Ledgers C and D, 1836-1844\n Series XIII: James L. and W. W. Spencer Ledger, 1844\n Series XIV: Unidentified General Store Account Book, 1840-1843\n Series XV: Unidentified General Store Daybook, 1842-1843\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  Business Records, both volumes and loose records, are in some cases transferred to the Library of Virginia as components of court record transfers. These business records in some cases were simply stored in the local court building for safe keeping by business owners. In other cases, business records (particularly ledgers, account books, etc.) may have been filed in a court case as an exhibit. These business record exhibits appeared both in chancery causes and in judgments, these records serving as exhibits for business dissolution cases, debt suits, and contract disputes.\n","Locality History: Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749. The county seat is Cumberland. Area: 298.5 square miles. Population: 9,017 (2000), 9,500 (2005 estimate.)\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Business Records, 1798-1881, are comprised of various records created by individuals and companies in pursuit of documenting business activities in and around Cumberland County (Va.) Represented records consist of bound volumes such as ledgers, daybooks, a memorandum book, journals, account books and a letter book.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eState Records Center\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["State Records Center\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":36,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:01:21.669Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05398"}},{"id":"vi_vi03392","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03392#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03392#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cem\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/em\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03392#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03392","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03392","_root_":"vi_vi03392","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03392","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03392.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","This collection is arranged in to Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Cumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Cumberland County in an undated accession.\n","Additional came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Cumberland County in 2024 under accession 54347."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in to\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in to Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Cumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:10:07.698Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03392","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03392","_root_":"vi_vi03392","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03392","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03392.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941",".45 cu. ft. (1 box)","This collection is arranged in to Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.","Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n","Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Cumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Coroners' Inquisitions,\n 1808-1941"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Cumberland County in an undated accession.\n","Additional came to the Library of Virginia in a transfer of court records from Cumberland County in 2024 under accession 54347."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged in to\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court.\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged in to Series I: Coroners Inquisitions, 1808-1941, chronological by date coroner filed inquisition in the local court."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/emph\u003e A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIf a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:\u003c/emph\u003e Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  A carry over from the British system, the separate office of coroner appeared in Virginia about 1660. The judicial duty of the office was to hold inquisitions in cases when persons met a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious death, or death without medical attendance. The law did not encourage the Coroner to be a medical professional until the 20th century, and only stipulated that the local court be responsible for the appointment. Although not reliant on profession, this system of affluent white men making the decisions largely ensured that only other white men served in this position for much of its history.","Prior to the Civil War, the coroner would summon a jury of twelve white men, usually prominent citizens of that locality, to assist him in determining cause of death. The jury viewed the body of the deceased and heard the testimony of witnesses which did include both white and Black perspectives. This witness testimony was recorded and after seeing and hearing the evidence, and unlike other judicial proceedings, enslaved people could provide depositions in coroner's inquisitions, but still, an all-white jury delivered in writing to the coroner their conclusion concerning cause of death referred to as the inquisition. These causes of death would be determined by a white perspective and Black individuals were only consulted; they were never in a position to make decisions. After the Civil War, the process remained the same but the racial distinctions stipulating jury eligibility no longer remained. However, as appointments still continued and juror eligibility reserved for those \"entitled to vote and hold office,\" the authority and influence in the hands of white citizens remained throughout the late 19th and early 20th century.","In 1877, an act of the General Assembly changed the number of jurors to six, and by 1926, only the coroner determined cause of death but they could require physicians to assist them with determining cause of death. Then in 1946, the General Assembly abolished the Coroner's office/ office of Coroner's Physician altogether, appointed instead a Chief Medical Examiner, and by 1950 transitioned to a statewide Office of the Chief Medical Examiner which now lives within the Department of Health.","If a criminal act was determined to be the cause of death, the coroner delivered the guilty person to the sheriff and the inquests would be used as evidence in the criminal trial. In this case, coroner's inquisitions were filed with the trial papers. If there was not a trial, coroner's inquisitions were filed separately and are more likely to appear in this collection as a standalone set of documents.","Locality History:  Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n\n\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eMaterials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eCoroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.\u003c/title\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDocuments commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials in the Library of Virginia's collections contain historical terms, phrases, and images that are offensive to modern readers. These include demeaning and dehumanizing references to race, ethnicity, and nationality; enslaved or free status; physical and mental ability; religion; sex; and sexual orientation and gender identity.","Coroners' Inquisitions contain graphic and in some cases violent or otherwise disturbing descriptions of death.","Cumberland County (Va) Coroners' Inquisitions, 1808-1941, contains investigations into the deaths of individuals who died by a sudden, violent, unnatural or suspicious manner, or died without medical attendance. Causes of death found in these records include accidental, alcohol, drowning, homicide, injuries, infanticide, medical conditions, natural causes (\"visitation by God\"), and suicide.","Documents commonly found in coroners' inquisitions include the inquisition, depositions, and summons. Some inquisitions contain other documents such as exhibits. Information found in the inquisition include the name of the coroner, the names of the jurors, the name and age of the deceased if known, gender and race of the deceased, and when, how, and by what means the deceased came to his or her death. If the coroner knew the deceased person to be Black or Multiracial, the inquest should identify the person individual's legal status (free or enslaved). If the coroner knew the deceased person to be enslaved, the inquest often includes their name, their enslaver and the enslaver's residence. Information found in the depositions include the name of the deponent(s) and their account of the circumstances that led to the death of the deceased."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:10:07.698Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03392"}},{"id":"vi_vi02324","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02324#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02324#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02324#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02324","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02324","_root_":"vi_vi02324","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02324","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02324.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840","Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","4 p.","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","These records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 p."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","These records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:48:38.349Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02324","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02324","_root_":"vi_vi02324","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02324","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02324.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1177667\n"],"text":["1177667\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840","Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","4 p.","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","These records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n","Library of Virginia\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1177667\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records,  \n 1826-1840"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These items came to the Library of Virginia in 2004 in a transfer. \n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Equity--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Replevin--Virginia.","Chancery causes--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Letters (correspondence)--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":["4 p."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThese records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","These records were replevined by the Library of Virginia following the trial entitled Commonwealth of Virginia vs. Larry I. Vass heard in Henrico County Circuit Court in November 1972.\n"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Court Records, 1826-1840. The collection contains two documents removed from Cumberland County court records: a letter from an unknown series with the surnames Kidd, Marshall, and Wilkinson; and a letter from the chancery cause Stratton vs. Adams, 1840.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court."],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:48:38.349Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02324"}},{"id":"vi_vi03948","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03948#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03948#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03948#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi03948","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03948","_root_":"vi_vi03948","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03948","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03948.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,  arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 2nd Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; 24th Virginia Regiment; 2nd Georgia Regiment, 8th Company; Florida Scouts; and the Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Christian Bridge, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Gwynn's Island, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Savannah.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,  arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 2nd Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; 24th Virginia Regiment; 2nd Georgia Regiment, 8th Company; Florida Scouts; and the Virginia militia generally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Christian Bridge, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Gwynn's Island, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 2nd Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; 24th Virginia Regiment; 2nd Georgia Regiment, 8th Company; Florida Scouts; and the Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Christian Bridge, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Gwynn's Island, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Savannah."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:34:14.661Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi03948","ead_ssi":"vi_vi03948","_root_":"vi_vi03948","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi03948","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi03948.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,  arranged chronologically.","Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n","Applicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 2nd Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; 24th Virginia Regiment; 2nd Georgia Regiment, 8th Company; Florida Scouts; and the Virginia militia generally.","Applicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Christian Bridge, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Gwynn's Island, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Savannah.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, \n 1818-1827"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["These records came to the Library of Virginia in a 1960 transfer of court papers from Cumberland County under accession number 25085.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".15 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,\u003c/emph\u003e arranged chronologically.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827,  arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003eCumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:  In 1818, Congress passed the first of three major Revolutionary War pension acts. The act granted lifetime pensions to all men who had served as regular army soldiers in the Continental Line and who could demonstrate financial need. Prior to the passage of this act, pensions had been restricted to former soldiers who were no longer able to support themselves due to injuries sustained while in service. The second act, passed by Congress in 1820, required applicants to provide more concrete evidence of this financial need in the form of a certified inventory of his property and income. They also had to include an account of all members of the applicant's family, including their health and ability to contribute to household income. In 1832, the third act extended pension benefits to include soldiers who had served in the state troops or militia. Congress also passed a related act in 1836 granting pensions to the widows and orphans of Revolutionary War veterans.\n","Locality History:   Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCumberland County (Va.) Declarations for Revolutionary War Pensions, 1818-1827, primarily record the declarations of individuals seeking to obtain Revolutionary War pensions provided by various acts of Congress. The applicants present detailed testimony of their time of service during the Revolutionary War. Information found in the declarations include date and location applicants entered into service, names of military companies they served in, names of military commanders they served under, names of fellow soldiers they served with, length of service, their age, and their place of birth. The predominant portion of the declarations are narratives of their tours of duty during the Revolutionary War with emphasis on battles they fought. The declarations also include affidavits from witnesses who could verify information provided by applicants.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants in this series reported to have served in various military units, including the 2nd Virginia Regiment; 7th Virginia Regiment; 8th Virginia Regiment; 24th Virginia Regiment; 2nd Georgia Regiment, 8th Company; Florida Scouts; and the Virginia militia generally.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eApplicants also gave accounts of being present during several military engagements, including the Battle of Brandywine, Battle of Christian Bridge, Battle of Germantown, Battle of Guilford Courthouse, Battle of Gwynn's Island, Battle of Monmouth, and Siege of Savannah.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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Virginia was unique amongst the southern states in that it assigned the provisioning of needy families almost solely to the locality.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\n","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. At first relief was provided as money, but as the monetary system collapsed, relief was distributed in kind. Agents of the court maintained lists of eligible families, gathered goods for distribution and paid for them, and impressed supplies if necessary. Virginia was unique amongst the southern states in that it assigned the provisioning of needy families almost solely to the locality."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Cumberland County (Va.) Lists of Indigent Soldiers' Families includes names individuals, number of children per family, status of soldier in the Confederate army, and the amount of provisions provided to each family.\n\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Cumberland County (Va.) Lists of Indigent Soldiers' Families includes names individuals, number of children per family, status of soldier in the Confederate army, and the amount of provisions provided to each family.\n"],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"names_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"corpname_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T02:02:22.495Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi03949"}},{"id":"vi_vi02769","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02769#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02769#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include: \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02769#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi02769","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02769","_root_":"vi_vi02769","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02769","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02769.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,  loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box.","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","The Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.","Locality History:    Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."," Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n","Militia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.","Revolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.","Civil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.","Order Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.","Muster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Volumes came to the Library of Virginia in a 1960 transfer of court papers from Cumberland County under accession number 25085. Loose records came to the Library of Virginia in an undated transfer of court papers from Cumberland County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,\u003c/emph\u003e loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,  loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","The Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.","Locality History:    Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCounty militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrder Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n","Militia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.","Revolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.","Civil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.","Order Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.","Muster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:31.955Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vi_vi02769","ead_ssi":"vi_vi02769","_root_":"vi_vi02769","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi02769","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi02769.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"text":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912","This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,  loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box.","Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","The Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.","Locality History:    Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."," Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n","Militia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.","Revolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.","Civil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.","Order Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.","Muster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes.","Library of Virginia\n","English\n"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, \n 1757-1912"],"repository_ssm":["Library of Virginia"],"repository_ssim":["Library of Virginia"],"creator_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"creator_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court\n"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Volumes came to the Library of Virginia in a 1960 transfer of court papers from Cumberland County under accession number 25085. Loose records came to the Library of Virginia in an undated transfer of court papers from Cumberland County.\n"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"extent_tesim":[".45 cu. ft. (1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\n\u003citem\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eSeries I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,\u003c/emph\u003e loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box.\u003c/item\u003e\n\u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912,  loose records arranged chronologically, with volumes housed in folders at the end of the box."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:  \u003c/title\u003eKeeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThroughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eLocality History:  \u003c/title\u003e Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Information\n"],"bioghist_tesim":["Context for Record Type:   Keeping large bodies of militia in the field required an elaborate system of support based on the purchase of goods and services from civilians, in addition to the usual pay and allowances to officers and soldiers. The result was the creation of a large number of records concerning the state's disbursements to both soldiers and civilians. Many claims for payment went unsatisfied until 1821. Locality military and pension records consist largely of pay and muster rolls, accounts and vouchers concerning supplies, claims for reimbursement for services rendered, and military pension applications. Pension applications summarize the applicant's service record and may include medical evaluations; information about income and property; and, in the case of widows, the date and place of marriages.","During the Revolutionary War, commissioners were appointed in each county to impress supplies and non-military services (such as driving cattle or wagons) for the war effort. Officials provided certificates or receipts so that individual suppliers could be reimbursed by the state government. Beginning in 1782, claims for reimbursement could be submitted to county courts. These \"publick claims,\" known as court booklets and lists, exist for almost all Virginia counties. Between 1777 and 1785, the Virginia General Assembly passed several laws authorizing pensions for disabled soldiers and for widows of soldiers who died while on active duty.","Throughout the Civil War, the principal responsibility for Virginia's indigent soldiers' families lay with the locality. The Virginia State Convention in 1861 gave the responsibility entirely to counties and incorporated towns and authorized whatever actions had already been taken. Acts of Assembly in 1862 and 1863 expanded the localities' powers to provide for their needy, and in 1863 some minimal state assistance was added in. The Virginia General Assembly passed several Confederate pension acts beginning in 1888. The initial act provided pensions to Confederate soldiers, sailors, and marines disabled in action and to the widows of those killed in action. A 1900 act broadened the coverage to include veterans disabled by \"infirmities of age\" and widows whose husbands died after the war. African Americans who had served \"faithfully\" as servants, cooks, laborers, hostlers, or teamsters for the Confederate army were eligible for pensions beginning in 1924. District of Columbia residents became eligible in 1926; previously, all pension applicants were required to be residents of Virginia.","The Cumberland Troop of Light Dragoons, or the Cumberland Troop, was formed in Cumberland County as a militia cavalry unit. It was incorporated into the Confederate army in 1861 as Company G of the 3rd Virginia Cavalry. The unit disbanded at Lynchburg in 1865 following the Battle of Appomattox Court House and Lee's surrender.","Locality History:    Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCounty militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMilitia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRevolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCivil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOrder Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMuster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRecord Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content\n"],"scopecontent_tesim":[" Cumberland County (Va.) Military and Pension Records, 1757-1912, consist of military service records, accounts and vouchers, and claims for reimbursement by civilians and service members. These include:\n","County militia papers, 1757-1857, include militia commissions, appointments and resignations, militia oaths, an enlistment order to the United States Army, orders to summon magistrates to fill vacancies in the militia and militia officers, and an 1857 list of all persons between the age of 18 and 45 liable to be enrolled in the militia by the laws of the United States.\n","Militia fines papers, 1852-1855, consist of lists of persons owing muster fines and slips detailing the fines for individual people. Some of the lists appear to be of persons owing muster fines who are insolvent.","Revolutionary War certificates of service, 1784-1854, include mostly pension certificates and claims for Revolutionary War federal pensions. Most certificates include regiment, commanding officer names, and other details about wartime service. Some certificates also contain details about property the applicant currently owns and debts owed as a way of proving current income. Several documents relate to the widows of soldiers. A 1853 order relates to bounty land, and an 1854 order concerns the widow of a soldier who was certified to have died in service in 1813.","Revolutionary War issues papers, 1780-1784, mostly consist of receipts and orders concerning clothing and provisions for the army. There are several documents dated 1781 detailing property lost to depredations by the British, including descriptions of several enslaved individuals who likely escaped enslavement when Cornwallis's forces passed through their area.","Civil War issues papers, 1861-1876 circa, include receipts for arming the county militia and other provisions provided including bacon and salt and lists of indigent soldiers and families which include names and amounts of provisions furnished. There are also various accounts of county bonds and amounts levied, a printed act of 1876 about artificial limbs, and a partial application of Stephen Huddleston for an artificial limb.","Order Book for the 1st Brigade of Virginia Militia, 1814 Sept 11-1814 Oct 26, is a volume that details brigade and general orders and includes information about patrols, drills, guard details, troop discharges, officer appointments and retirements, orders to furnish various reports usually on supplies, and orders for various persons to report to various people and places. Other information recorded includes details of regimental courts convened for court martials for various offenses including insubordination, cursing an officer, striking another soldier with a sword, taking men into battle unarmed, sleeping on watch, being absent without leave, and being drunk while in command. Sentences and punishments are recorded for the court martials.","Muster Rolls and Payrolls of Captain Allan Wilson's Company of Cumberland County Militia 1st and 17th Regiments, 1814 Aug 9-1815 May 24, is a volume that lists muster rolls, morning reports, weekly reports, provision returns, inspection returns, pay rolls, duty rosters, and supply reports. Muster rolls include name, rank, commission date, and notations as to substitutes provided, illness, discharge, desertion, and other remarks. Morning and weekly reports of troops include numbers of troops under arms, sick, on furlough, dead, deserted, absent without leave, absents accounted for, and totals. Pay rolls include name, rank, date of commencement of pay, date of end of pay, fines paid for, pay per month, amount received, signers name, witnesses, and other remarks such as not to be paid because of desertion, payment to be made to another, and so on. Reports of arms, accoutrements and ammunition provide numbers at hand for things such as swords, bayonets, muskets, steel rods, cartridge boxes, scabbards and belts, wires and brushes, drums, fifes, flints, cartridges, worms, tin buckets, tin pans, spades, tends, screw drivers, axes, tables, cots, seats, pots, and so on. Provision returns detail the number of rations given out to various ranks of soldier. Subsistence accounts include the length of time and number of rations of tobacco and and the price. Other pages note supplies received (such as arms, whiskey, and quires of paper and ink), certifications of substitutes, and requisitions of hay. The final six pages of the volume relate to estate settlements (1815-1816) and do not appear to be related to the militia returns preceding it.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons, 1857 Jan 26-1862 Mar 28, is a volume that contains administrative information and a record of active service of the Cumberland Troop of Dragoons (also referred to as the Cumberland Troop, the Cumberland Light Dragoons, and the Cumberland Light Horse Cavalry) in the Civil War from May 1861 to March 1862. The administrative information includes the organizing constitution and bylaws, a revision of the constitution, list of organizing members, and minutes from January 1857-January 1861. Minutes concern appointment and election of officers, uniforms, fines for absences, resignations and substitutions of members, the motto of the troop, notes about drills and parades, and mention of a marksmanship competition and a picnic organized by the ladies. The meeting notes titled \"Remarks\" and dated January and February 1861 are a statement about the coming war. The record of active service provides details about troop movements and locations, actions of the enemy, commanding officers, orders received, patrols and watches, and election of officers and resignations.","Record Book of the Cumberland Troop Association, 1889-1912, is a volume containing rolls and minutes. The first part of the volume is a roll book that lists all members of the Troop from 1861 May 1-1865 Apr. 9, including list of the dead from 1861-1892 with some additional later deaths noted at the end of the list. Notations next to the roll of members mark later death dates. Page 10 contains a list of honorary members of the troop. Page 193 is a list of honorary members who are sons of members of the Troop. Pages 184-185 is a roster of daughters of Confederate veterans of Cumberland County. Pages 11-104 are minutes of annual reunions held by the Cumberland Troop Association and describe dinners and speeches held by the veterans as well as efforts to build a monument to their dead comrades. Deaths since the last meeting are usually noted. Lists are occasionally included giving names of subscribers to the monument committee, living members, and deceased members. Pages 150-153 are copies of letters dated 1897 to and from General Fitzhugh Lee on the subject of the activities of the New Kent and Cumberland Troop near Spotsylvania Courthouse in 1864. Several loose documents were inserted at the end of the volume including an undated list of the names and addresses of Cumberland troopers living outside of the county, a rough draft of the 1910 meeting minutes, a letter dated 1912 from T. M. Fowler expressing his regrets at not being able to attend the reunion that year, and some undated minutes or notes."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Location\"\u003eLibrary of Virginia\n\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Library of Virginia\n"],"language_ssim":["English\n"],"total_component_count_is":2,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-01T01:33:31.955Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi02769"}},{"id":"vi_vi05110","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Cumberland County (Va.) Minute Books, \n 1752-1884","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05110#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Cumberland County (Va.) 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Minute Books, \n 1752-1884","Public records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Judicial records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Local government records--Virginia--Cumberland County.","Minute books--Virginia--Cumberland County.","34 v.","Chronological by entry date. \n","Cumberland County was named for William Augustus, duke of Cumberland, third son of King George II. It was formed from Goochland County in 1749.","Cumberland County (Va.) Minute Books, 1752-1884, record all matters brought before the court on a daily basis when it was in session including but not limited to: civil and criminal suits, appointments of county officers, appointments of guardians and administrators, deed recordings, free negro registrations, naturalization registrations, and court fees. 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Minute Books, 1752-1884, record all matters brought before the court on a daily basis when it was in session including but not limited to: civil and criminal suits, appointments of county officers, appointments of guardians and administrators, deed recordings, free negro registrations, naturalization registrations, and court fees. Clerks would transfer information from minute books to appropriate order book, deed book, fiduciary book, free negro register, etc. Collection includes minute books from Superior Court of Law, Circuit Superior Court of Law and Chancery, and County Court.\n","The Library of Virginia\n","Cumberland County (Va.) Circuit Court.","English\n"],"unitid_tesim":["1043942-1163747\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Minute Books, \n 1752-1884"],"collection_title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Minute Books, \n 1752-1884"],"collection_ssim":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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The declarations of intent record the person's name, place of birth, age, country of previous citizenship, renunciation of allegiance and fidelity to the nation of which the person is currently a citizen, and the date the intention was sworn. Affidavits, signed by those who knew the applicant and could vouch for their loyalty to the United States, may also be filed with the reports and declarations. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vi_vi05034#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vi_vi05034","ead_ssi":"vi_vi05034","_root_":"vi_vi05034","_nest_parent_":"vi_vi05034","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/lva/vi05034.xml","title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n 1852-1856\n"],"title_tesim":["Cumberland County (Va.) Naturalization Records, \n 1852-1856\n"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cumberland County (Va.) 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(1 box)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection is arranged into the following series:\n\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eSeries I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1852-1856, arranged chronologically and housed in a box with other Cumberland County court records.\n\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement\n"],"arrangement_tesim":["This collection is arranged into the following series:\n","Series I: Loose Naturalization Records, 1852-1856, arranged chronologically and housed in a box with other Cumberland County court records.\n"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003ctitle render=\"bold\"\u003eContext for Record Type:\u003c/title\u003e Beginning in 1795, a person could declare their intent to become a citizen at any time and in any place after they arrived in the United States. 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