{"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact","last":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026page=1\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":null,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":1,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":3,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_ssi":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_root_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","_nest_parent_":"vircu_repositories_5_resources_279","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VCU/repositories_5_resources_279.xml","title_filing_ssi":"Clark, Adele Goodman, papers","title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"unitdate_ssm":["1849-1978"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1849-1978"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"text":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279","Adele Goodman Clark papers","Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","Collection is open to research.","Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)","A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York","The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.","There are no restrictions.","VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M 9","/repositories/5/resources/279"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_title_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"collection_ssim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["There are no restrictions."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["128 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["128 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Restrictions on Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open to research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSeries I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Series I--Correspondence and Family Materials (n.d., 1849-1971) ; Series II--Business/Civic Organization Correspondence (n.d., 1903-1971) ; Series III--Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV) (n.d., 1892-1926) ; Series IV: Richmond League of Women Voters (n.d., 1920- 1978) ; Series V--Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) (n.d., 1915-1967) ; Series VI--The League of Women Voters of Virginia (n.d., 1945-1970) ; Series VII--The National League of Women Voters (n.d., 1919-1947) ; Series VIII--League of Women Voters (n.d., 1946-1976) ; Series IX--Commission on Simplification of State and Local Government (n.d., 1921- 1927) ; Series X--Liberal Arts College for Women Commission (n.d., 1918-1938) ; Series XI--National Reemployment Service (n.d., 1925-1938) ; Series XII--Lila Meade Valentine memorial Association (n.d., 1921-1936) ; Series XIII--Religious Materials ; Series XIV--Art (n.d., 1850-1971) ; Series XV--Ephemera and Photographs (n.d., ca. 1850 - ca. 1970)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eA founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSelected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDuring the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAdèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTeacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eChairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical","Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["A founding member of the Virginia suffrage movement and a prominent supporter of the arts in Virginia, Adèle Goodman Clark (1882-1983) exemplified the influential role civically active women played in the major social reform movements of the twentieth century. Calling politics and art her \"creative spirits\", Clark was involved in a number of reform initiatives throughout her century of life that championed the rights of women and promoted the arts.","The second oldest daughter of Robert Clark (1832?-1906) and Estelle Goodman Clark (1847-1937), Adèle was born in Montgomery, Alabama on September 27, 1882. Before moving permanently to Richmond, the Clark family lived in New Orleans, LA, as well as the small town of Pass Christian, MS. It was in a one room school house in the latter town that Adèle developed a fondness for the arts. After her family moved to Richmond in 1894, Adèle enrolled in the Virginia Randolph Ellett School (now St. Catherine's). Adèle also studied art with Lilly M. Logan, who ran the art school at the Art Club of Richmond. In 1906 she was awarded a scholarship to the New York School of Fine and Applied Arts (the Chase School of Art), where she studied under Kenneth Hays Miller, Douglas Cannal, William M. Chase, and Robert Henri, leader of the \"Ash Can\" school of painting. Upon her return to Richmond, Clark began a teaching career at the Art Club of Richmond. It was here that Adèle began her long association and friendship with acclaimed Virginia artist, Nora Houston. When the Art Club of Richmond was dissolved in 1917, the women went on to establish The Atelier. Under their direction this private art studio, located adjacent to Clark's Chamberlayne Avenue residence, became a training ground for such noted Virginia artists as Edmund Archer, Eleanor Fry and Theresa Pollack (founder of the VCU School of the Arts). Two years later they founded the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, where they both held the title of artistic director. During this period, they participated in a fundraising campaign for the resurrection of the old Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts. Their goal became a reality in 1930 when the new Richmond Academy of Arts, forerunner to the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, was established on Capitol Street.*","Clark's interest in the suffrage movement began in 1909 when she was asked by novelist Ellen Glasgow to sign a petition calling for Virginia women to gain voting privileges. On November 27th of that year Clark, along with eighteen other civic-minded women, held a preliminary meeting to discuss the establishment of a state-wide suffrage organization. At this first meeting of what would become the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia, Clark was elected secretary, a position she held for one year. She later helped direct legislative initiatives, organized suffrage rallies and went on speaking tours that helped establish new League chapters throughout the state. Clark also served for several years as chair of the ratification committee and head of the Equal Suffrage League lobby to the Virginia General Assembly.","After passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920 (which was ratified by Virginia in 1952), the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia was transformed into the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV). For nearly two decades Clark played a major role in the VLWV.","Selected as the VLWV's first chair in 1920, Clark became president one year later. She held this position for eighteen years (nonconsecutively). Her work in the VLWV involved constant study of legislation involving social issues and governmental efficiency and administration. In 1924, Clark was elected to the board of the National League of Women Voters (NLWV) as Director of the Third Region. The region included Washington, D.C., Virginia, and six other southern states. The following year she was elected Second Vice President of the NLWV, in which capacity she served until the Spring of 1928. During that period Clark traveled to conventions in twenty-four states on speaking tours. Along with other officers of the NLWV she helped resolve league organizational problems.","In addition to her work for the VLWV and NLWV, Clark also served on two important state government commissions. In 1922, Governor E. Lee Trinkle appointed her to the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government, on which she served for two years as secretary of the Commission. In addition to performing the editorial and clerical work of the Commission, Clark also authored several of the chapters of the Commission's final report (January 1924) to the Virginia General Assembly. Four years later, Governor Harry F. Byrd, Jr. appointed Clark to the Liberal Arts College for Women Commission, on which she also served as secretary. The nine member Commission studied the feasibility of establishing a new liberal arts college for women in Virginia. The second report of the Commission (January 1930), which contained the \"set-up\" of the proposed college [now Mary Washington College?], was the product of research conducted by Clark with the assistance of Commission advisors.","Clark's strong commitment to higher education was exemplified in several other ways. From March - September, 1926, she served as the Social Director of women students at the College of William and Mary. She was also instrumental in the establishment of citizenship courses for women through the University of Virginia's Extension Division. The courses were designed to educate women about the intricacies of governmental institutions.","During the New Deal era, Clark distinguished herself in two important agencies. In 1933, she was selected as a field supervisor for the National Reemployment Service (NRS). Along with the state reemployment director and other field staff, she assisted in the organization of local reemployment offices throughout Virginia. After stepping down as field supervisor for the NRS, Clark became the Virginia Arts Project Director of the Work Projects Administration (WPA). This particular branch of the WPA was created to provide employment opportunities for artists in Virginia. In addition to producing murals for public buildings, artists employed by the WPA executed hundreds of paintings that were then distributed to local and state tax-supported institutions for display. One major accomplishment during Clark's tenure at the WPA was the establishment of new art galleries, such as the Southwest Virginia Museum at Big Stone Gap.","In the later years of her life, Adèle Clark remained active in the Richmond community. After converting to Roman Catholicism in 1942, Clark utilized her political experience as a member of the Richmond Diocesan Council of Catholic Women (RDCCW). From 1949 to 1959 she served as the chair of the RDCCW's Legislative Committee. Clark also continued to speak out against a number of issues affecting women, such as the passage of the Equal Rights Amendment and abortion.","Clark remained an active supporter of the Richmond art community. From 1941 to 1964 she was a member of the Virginia Arts Commission. The Commission helped to produce many of the murals and portraits displayed in state government buildings that depict the history of Virginia. Moreover, Clark's dedication to the teaching of art did not wane in these later years. She taught art to both the young and old in hospitals, schools and church classrooms. She also continued to enjoy creating her own artworks. Clark's paintings, mostly portraits and landscapes, have been exhibited in several states. One of her paintings, \"The Cherry Tree\", is in the permanent collection of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Clark had a unique perspective on the influence of art on her political ideology. She once stated, \"I've always tried to combine my interest in art with my interest in government. I think we ought to have more of the creative and imaginative in politics.\"","Adèle Clark died at the age of 100 on June 5, 1983.","[Information from newspaper accounts and the Adèle Goodman Clark Papers.]","Teacher of Organization and Parliamentary Law at Suffrage School","Chairman, Committee on Uniform Laws Concerning Women, Chicago, ILL","Chairman of the Committee on International Cooperation to Prevent War, of the NLWV, Miss Morgan was also President of the Colony Club of New York"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAdele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Adele Goodman Clark papers, Collection # M 9, Special Collections and Archives, James Branch Cabell Library, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWilloughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eWhile the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eDocumentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eClark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSignificant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSpecial Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eRelationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIncludes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026amp; Wright Architects \u0026amp; Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eVarious institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEntitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCapitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDepicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSuffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAll with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLarge flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond News-Leader, \u003c/title\u003eSuffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eRichmond Times-Dispatch, \u003c/title\u003e January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMajority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eTwo different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents","Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Adèle Goodman Clark papers document the life and activities of Miss Clark (1882-1983) throughout her adult life, as well as those of her closest friends and relatives. Miss Clark was a member of a small group of civically active Richmond women whose names appear throughout the collection. Of particular note are members of Clark's family, Edith Clark Cowles, Willoughby Ions, and friends Roberta Wellford, Lila Meade Valentine, Lucy Randolph Mason, Ida Mae Thompson, Eudora W. Ramsay Richardson, Nora Houston and Josephine Houston. A list and chart describing the family relationships follows the Series Description and Arrangement, which specifically details the arrangement of the collection and highlights areas of particular significance within each series.","The collection is comprised of five major components, each with its own depth of coverage, usually dependent upon the length of Clark's involvement. The first major component of the collection contains materials pertaining to the Clark and Houston families with their multiple activities, responsibilities and affiliations. The documents in this section include the personal correspondence of Adèle Clark, Nora Houston, and members of both the Clark and Houston families. Correspondence from Estelle Goodman Clark, Cely \"Nainaine\" Ions, and Estelle Adèle Goodman","Willoughby Ions provide a richly detailed account of the more significant events within the Clark-Ions family. Also included is personal, business, and legal correspondence between members of the Goodman family, predating the Civil War, and personal correspondence to Clark and Nora Houston from close friends and associates such as Cornelia Adair, T. Bowyer Campbell, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon and Roberta Wellford. Additional family information is provided by legal and real estate correspondence, biographical sketches, family and genealogical histories, composition books, diaries, journals, and poetry by various members of the Clark and Houston families. Some items of significance include handwritten memoranda and notes, poems, short stories and other fictional material written by Adèle Clark during her lifetime. The Virginia Historical Society holds additional Clark family materials (see Appendices).","The collection also includes correspondence from businesses and civic organizations with which Clark, Edith Clark Cowles, and the Dooley/Houston family were affiliated during their lifetimes. A list of the more significant organizations includes the Virginia Society for Crippled Children and Handicapped Adults, Commission of Inter-Racial (or Interracial) Cooperation, Woodrow Wilson Foundation, National Consumers League, and Social Science Research Council-Committee on Public Administration. There is also correspondence from prominent local and state government officials that further document the political activities and biases of these women. Brochures, memoranda and publications from these organizations are scattered throughout the collection.","While the family correspondence provides information about Clark's early years, the greatest significance of the collection lies in its documentation of the activities of the suffrage movement, both locally and nationally. The collection is particularly strong in its representation of correspondence, reports, memoranda and publications reflecting the sentiments and political positions of both the pro- and anti- suffrage movement from 1913 until the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment in 1920. A large portion of this segment also documents the actions of the post-suffragists in their work through the national, state and local chapters of the League of Women Voters (LWV). Clark's considerable role of participation in the Virginia League of Women Voters (VLWV) in the first two decades of the organization provides an abundant amount of material chronicling the many social and political issues in which local and national LWV members were engaged. Although the documentation of the activities of the LWV continues well into the 1970s, the collection is not as strong for the later years as it is for the earlier period.","The suffrage materials, the second and largest component in the collection, are composed of documentation of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia (ESLV), Richmond League of Women Voters, the VLWV, and the reorganized League of Women Voters of Virginia (LWVV). The ESLV materials includes correspondence, committee and financial memoranda, convention material, notes, reports and miscellaneous literature. There is a large quantity of outgoing correspondence created by the corresponding secretaries of the ESLV which pertains to the efforts of organizing local suffrage chapters throughout the state and between officers of the ESLV, state and national government officials. Also included is correspondence between ESLV President, Lila Meade Valentine, and women of significance within the suffrage movement including Carrie Chapman Catt, Anna Howard Shaw, Maud Wood Park and Kate Gordon. While there is a substantial amount of correspondence generated by the central office of the ESLV, between 1909-1912 there are some major gaps. A portion of this documentation for the early history of the ESLV can be found at the Library of Virginia (see Appendices). Throughout its eleven year existence, the ESLV compiled an enormous amount of literature on the suffrage movement published by the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA), and other organizations. Materials generated by the movement and represented in this portion of the collection include petitions, photographs, enrollment cards, posters, suffrage maps, sashes and other ephemeral items. Additional publications have not been indexed but are available for research.","The bulk of the materials of the remaining suffrage organizations represented in the collection fall within a fourteen year time frame, 1920-1934, and includes President/Executive Secretary correspondence, bulletins, circulars, committee memoranda, and financial statements as well as records relating to the Virginia Cookery Book, the Governor's Ball and the citizenship courses sponsored by the VLWV. Clark also corresponded with the President of the NLWV and other officers in the national organization. The significant correspondents include Maud Wood Park, Belle Sherwin, Katherine Ludington, and Gertrude Ely. Incoming correspondence from prominent Virginia women such as Faith Morgan, Roberta Wellford, Mary Elizabeth Pidgeon, Kate Waller Barrett, Mrs. John L. Lewis of Lynchburg, Mrs. John H. Lewis of Ashland, and Mrs C.E. [Jessie] Townsend of Norfolk can be found in both the President/Executive Correspondence files and the Board of Directors/Executive Committee/Standing Committees file of the VLWV.","The records of the VLWV document in great detail the legislative agenda over a fourteen year period. The VLWV materials contain correspondence, circulars, memoranda questionnaires and reports pertaining to the Children's Code Commission, Virginia Women's Council Legislative Chairman of State Organizations and other major committees of the VLWV; revealing which major pieces of legislation were of utmost concern to Clark and the VLWV. Like its predecessor, the VLWV collected a wide variety of literature from state, national and international organizations which championed a spectrum of causes of interest to Clark and her associates. These organizations include the League of Nations Association, National Council for the Prevention of War, National Women's Trade Union League of America, and Southern Council of Women and Children in Industry.","Documentation of the NLWV (1920-1945) and the later reorganized League of Woman Voters of Virginia (1946-presents) includes correspondence and memoranda produced by Clark as Second Vice President in charge of Legislation and Law Enforcement and Third Regional Director for the NLWV. In addition to correspondence, memoranda, minutes, notes and reports there are materials detailing her involvement in nationally sponsored speaking tours throughout several regions of the United States. Items from the national office consist of mimeographed Adèle Goodman Clark correspondence and memoranda, reports, press releases and various publications created by the major standing committees and departments of the NLWV. Clark's activity in both the state and national leagues diminished to a great extent after 1934. Records of the latter local, state and national organizations primarily consists of bulletins, newsletters, and other literature published and distributed by the organizations.","Clark was very involved in the commemoration of the contributions of Lila Meade Valentine to the suffrage movement. The collection contains the organizational records of the Lila Meade Valentine Memorial Association (1921-1937), which was established to raise money for a memorial tablet dedicated to Mrs. Valentine to be placed in the Capitol Building in Richmond. Much of the material consists of correspondence and memoranda between the association's chairperson, Adèle Clark and the individuals who contributed to the memorial fund. There is also correspondence between Clark and the sculptor chosen to produce the memorial tablet. Other material includes financial data, contributors lists, minutes, notes and reports documenting the association's fundraising activities.","The collection of materials related to state and national politics comprises the third major section of the Clark Papers. These materials include correspondence, memoranda, minutes, reports, statistical data, and literature generated by or related to the work of the Commission on the Simplification of State and Local Government (1921-1927) and the Liberal Arts College Commission (1918, 1929-1933). Material pertaining to both of these government commissions highlight the research and information gathering work undertaken by Clark and the members of these commissions before presentation of the final reports to the Virginia General Assembly. The collection also contains the annotated drafts and proofs of the reports in various stages of development. Correspondence, notes, reports and travel vouchers highlight Clark's duties as a NRS Field Supervisor and her involvement with the National Reemployment Service (1925-1937). Correspondence between Clark and the State Reemployment Director reveal the types of reemployment projects in which the NRS was actively engaged throughout the state. In addition, correspondence between Clark and other field staff demonstrate the extent to which Clark participated in managing local reemployment offices during her tenure with the NRS. Published reports, speeches, manuals, newspaper clippings and other ephemeral materials are also included.","The fourth area of interest of Adèle's, as reflected in the collection, was religion. Included here are the organizational records and personal items documenting the religious activities of Clark, Nora Houston, and several members of the Houston family. It should be noted that Clark was baptized and confirmed in the Episcopal Church and later became a devout Roman Catholic after Nora Houston's death in 1942. Included is correspondence between both women and various religious organizations, church leaflets, pamphlets and prayerbooks, periodicals and other items of a religious nature. Some of the organizations with which Clark and Houston corresponded include the Catholic Woman's Club, National Council of Catholic Women, National Conference on Christians and Jews, and Catholic Daughters of America. Beth Ahabah Museum and Archives holds other materials of a religious nature relating to the Goodman family.","The final component of the collection, second in size only to that of the suffrage and voting rights material, is that of art, particularly art in Virginia. An artist by training, Adèle Clark worked ceaselessly for increased public awareness of the traditions and richness of art within the Commonwealth. To this end, the collection documents the contributions of Clark and her colleagues in the following endeavors: the Art Club of Richmond, Atelier, Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, Richmond Academy of Arts, Virginia Arts Commission, and Works Project Administration-Federal Arts Project. In addition to containing the correspondence relating to the operations of these organizations, the records also contain memoranda, minutes and reports of committees, and materials on exhibitions sponsored by these organizations. Of particular significance are the records of the Academy Committee of the Art Club that document the committee's role in attempting to resurrect the arts academy. Materials relating to the WPA and the Virginia Arts Commission emphasize Clark's substantial role in making the public a more active player in the promotion of the arts. Clark's monthly and narrative reports on several WPA art galleries, as well as data on the Index of American Design, provide a detailed account of the variety of art projects the WPA underwrote in Virginia.","The collection also contains a range of art and art school publications, art supply advertisements, catalogs, exhibition bulletins and notices from local and national art institutions. A small number of drawings, sketches and miscellaneous artwork created by Adèle Clark, Nora Houston and other artists are also represented. Some of the more notable pieces include Clark's original lithograph \"Richmond Market at Christmas\", copies of Nora Houston's house sketches and artwork produced by children of various ages. Lastly there are numerous kinds of illustrations and reproductions that Clark and Houston utilized in their art classes.","Significant portions of the collection are in fragile condition, particularly newspaper clippings and photographs. Reference copies of the photographs are available for use. A large portion of the clippings have been photocopied and the process will continue as time and staff permit.","Special Collections has also purchased suffrage and related materials. Please ask a staffmember for information about these supporting items.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousins.","Relationship: Mother of Adèle Clark. Nicknames include \"Dree,\" \"Muzzie,\" and \"Pouncey.\"","Relationship: Father of Adèle Clarke.","Relationship: Father of Julius D. Cowles who was married to Adèle Clark's sister Edith.","Relationship: Older sister to Adèle Clarke, married to Julius \"Jules\" D. Cowles, her nicknames include \"Baby,\" \"Deetie,\" and \"Binn.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's neice, daughter of Edith and Julius Cowles, married to James Cox.","Relationship: Younger sister of Adèle Clarke, married to G. Frank Dew, her nicknames include \"Trudie,\" Trudee,\" and \"Teedee.\"","Relationship: Maternal uncle to Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clark.","Relationship: Cousin related to the Clarke family.","Relationship: Maternal aunt of Adèle Clarke and her godmother, married to Robert Ions. Also nicknamed \"Nainaine.\"","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, daughter of Cely and Robert Ions. She went by the name Willoughby.","Relationship: Sister of Robert Ions.","Relationship: Adèle Clarke's uncle, married to Cecile \"Cely\" Goodman Ions. Nicknames include \"Godpa\" and \"Berto.\"","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Adèle Clark's cousin.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: friend of Adèle, became a priest in the Episcopal Church.","Relationship: Estelle Goodman Clark's brother.","Relationship: Adèle's cousin, son of Cely and Robert Ions.","Relationship: Sister of Josephine Dooley Houston and Mary Dooley Jones.","Relationship: Cousin of Alice Dooley.","Relationship: Daughter of Josephine and Henry Houston.","Relationship: Sister of Alice Dooley and Josephine Dooley Houston.","[merged with the restored Academy in the spring of 1930]","[grew out of the Atelier and later merged with the Academy]","Includes children's art work, art club material, instructional material; Japanese print.","Two labeled \"Class Room Building--State Teacher's College, Farmville, Virginia--Frank F. Stone Architect, Roanoke, Virginia, July 10, 1944\"; a third blue print labeled \"Improvements to Employees Cottage as suggested by Art Commission, May 5, 1944\"; fourth labeled \"Temporary Employee Cottage, Division of the Budget, March 29, 1944\";drawing for inscription of building \"Julian H. Burruss Hall\" labeled \"Teaching and Admin. Building, Va. Polytechnic Inst., Blacksburg, VA - Carneal, Johnston \u0026 Wright Architects \u0026 Engineers, Richmond, Virginia.\"","Various institutions to Benjamin Franklin Dew Jr., 1930s-1940s.","Entitled \"Proposed Store For Mr. S.W. Farran - Designed by W.R. Snapp, 1107 Penn St. N.E.\"","Capitol Area of Richmond, undated; Map of Richmond and Environs, Department of Public Works, 1923; Drawn map of Richmond's North Side.","Depicts status of women's suffrage (framed and fragile).","Suffrage era map - \"The Woman Voter and the next President of the United States\" - showing which states women can vote and which ones women cannot vote.","All with heading of the Virginia League of Woman Voters and labeled as follows: Congressional Districts Organized; Counties having some form of organization; Counties and cities holding citizenship schools; Virginia League of Women voters organized November 10, 1920; Number of Leagues organized; and one unlabeled.","Large flyer on which states have compulsory school attendance, 1921; map of Virginia by Virginia Department of Agriculture and Immigration; a chart compiled by Lucia R. Maxwell on International Socialism 1922-1923, showing various woman's organizations; poster of Anchor Line Twin Screw Geared Turbine Steamer named the \"California\"; Centennial Memorial of United States--Declaration of Independence, published by Baltimore and Ohio Railroad; Victory Liberty Loan poster; anti-war poster; poster of mechanized man and horse; Virginia Society for Human Life poster; League of Women Voters poster \"Vote\" (2 posters); sheet music: \"Votes for Women\" - Suffrage Rallying Song.","(includes items on women's suffrage; voting habits; a  Richmond News-Leader,  Suffrage Supplement, and an article on paintings at Richmond Woman's Club; an article by Adèle Clark; several pages of the  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   November 2, 1933 about the Community Fund; Atlanta Journal, June 12, 1919 article on U.S. Senate passing suffrage amendment; front page of  Richmond Times-Dispatch,   January 1, 1929, article on what Virginia leaders would like to see in 1929, includes article by Adèle Clark.","Majority of the photographs are from the Equal Suffrage League or Virginia League of Women Voters' events. All of these photographs have been reproduced and can be found elsewhere in Series XVII.","Two different posters on the prevention of war; a Department of the Interior, Bureau of Education poster entitled \"How and Why to Stand Correctly\" 1918; a draft version of a poster by the Equal Suffrage League with typewritten history of suffrage in Virginia and the printed finished copy."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThere are no restrictions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["There are no restrictions."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"names_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["VCU James Branch Cabell Library","League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":3079,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T04:37:44.566Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/vircu_repositories_5_resources_279"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThis file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","_root_":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_4_resources_15537.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/4/resources/15537","title_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"title_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"unitdate_ssm":["various"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["various"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537"],"text":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material","Vertical files","This file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.","The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"collection_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This file was compiled over time by VMFA Library staff from many sources."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Vertical files"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Vertical files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Vertical files"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClark, Adèle, 1882-1983, Virginia Artist Files, VF-03, VMFA Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983, Virginia Artist Files, VF-03, VMFA Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:59:30.067Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","_root_":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_4_resources_15537.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/4/resources/15537","title_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"title_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"unitdate_ssm":["various"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["various"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["File","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537"],"text":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material","Vertical files","This file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.","The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","English"],"unitid_tesim":["AF-VA(CLARK.ADELE)","/repositories/4/resources/15537"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"collection_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"creator_ssm":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"creators_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"access_terms_ssm":["The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This file was compiled over time by VMFA Library staff from many sources."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Vertical files"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Vertical files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["1 folder"],"extent_tesim":["1 folder"],"genreform_ssim":["Vertical files"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eClark, Adèle, 1882-1983, Virginia Artist Files, VF-03, VMFA Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983, Virginia Artist Files, VF-03, VMFA Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This file may include announcements, clippings, press releases, brochures, reviews, invitations, small exhibition catalogs, and other ephemeral material."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The material is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Vertical Files"],"persname_ssim":["Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":0,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T02:59:30.067Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_4_resources_15537"}},{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","creator":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_17#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_17#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_17.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/17","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","title_ssm":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"title_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17","Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","Richmond (Va.)","Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1 Early Arts Organizations, 1888-1928 Series 2 Richmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942  Series 3 Correspondence, 1931-1942 Series 4 Sallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated Series 5 \"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942","The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931","Richmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932","The Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 ","Exhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947","Subject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)","Julia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)","Statuts \u0026 reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026 Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)","Edmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)","Adele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)","Adele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)","On May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. ","After one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Source:  The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Source: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts,  Arts in Virginia , Winter 1966","The collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004.","The collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.","The series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.","The series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.","The series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.","The series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League"],"creators_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet 1 box, 12 folders; 113 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet 1 box, 12 folders; 113 items"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEarly Arts Organizations, 1888-1928\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942 \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1931-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1 Early Arts Organizations, 1888-1928 Series 2 Richmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942  Series 3 Correspondence, 1931-1942 Series 4 Sallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated Series 5 \"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eThe Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eRichmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eExhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSubject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eJulia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eStatuts \u0026amp; reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026amp; Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eEdmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eAdele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eAdele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials: VMFA Library - Book","Related Material: VMFA Library - Catalogs","Related Materials: VMFA Library - Vertical Files","Related Materials: Library of Virginia","Related Materials: University of Virginia","Related Materials: Virginia Commonwealth University","Related Materials: Virginia Historical Society"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931","Richmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932","The Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 ","Exhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947","Subject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)","Julia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)","Statuts \u0026 reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026 Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)","Edmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)","Adele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)","Adele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pandora.vmfa.museum/uhtbin/cgisirsi.exe/x/0/0/57/5/3?searchdata1=75415%7bCKEY%7d\u0026amp;searchfield1=GENERAL%5eSUBJECT%5eGENERAL%5e%5e\u0026amp;user_id=WEBSERVER/\"\u003eThe Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pandora.vmfa.museum/uhtbin/cgisirsi.exe/x/0/0/57/5/3?searchdata1=29161%7bCKEY%7d\u0026amp;searchfield1=GENERAL%5eSUBJECT%5eGENERAL%5e%5e\u0026amp;user_id=WEBSERVER/\"\u003eArts in Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, Winter 1966\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["On May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. ","After one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Source:  The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Source: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts,  Arts in Virginia , Winter 1966"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.","The series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.","The series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.","The series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.","The series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7888ae484e7c6bfb4c577f3b85ff90\"\u003eThe collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations."],"names_coll_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Art Club of Richmond","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏"],"persname_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:32:35.642Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","ead_ssi":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","_root_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","_nest_parent_":"virmu_repositories_2_resources_17","ead_source_url_ssi":"data/oai/VMFA/repositories_2_resources_17.xml","aspace_url_ssi":"https://archives.vmfa.museum/repositories/2/resources/17","title_filing_ssi":"Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","title_ssm":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"title_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"unitdate_ssm":["1888-1942"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1888-1942"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"text":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17","Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","Richmond (Va.)","Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia","The collection is open for research.","The collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1 Early Arts Organizations, 1888-1928 Series 2 Richmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942  Series 3 Correspondence, 1931-1942 Series 4 Sallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated Series 5 \"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942","The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931","Richmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932","The Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 ","Exhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947","Subject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)","Julia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)","Statuts \u0026 reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026 Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)","Edmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)","Adele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)","Adele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)","On May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. ","After one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Source:  The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Source: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts,  Arts in Virginia , Winter 1966","The collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004.","The collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection.","The collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.","The series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.","The series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.","The series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.","The series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League.","The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.","The collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations.","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC-03","/repositories/2/resources/17"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"collection_ssim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)"],"repository_ssm":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"repository_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts"],"geogname_ssm":["Richmond (Va.)"],"geogname_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"creator_ssm":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League"],"creators_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League"],"places_ssim":["Richmond (Va.)"],"access_terms_ssm":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","Artists -- Virginia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["0.5 Linear Feet 1 box, 12 folders; 113 items"],"extent_tesim":["0.5 Linear Feet 1 box, 12 folders; 113 items"],"date_range_isim":[1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 1\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEarly Arts Organizations, 1888-1928\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 2\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eRichmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942 \u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 3\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eCorrespondence, 1931-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 4\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eSallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003cdefitem\u003e\n        \u003clabel\u003eSeries 5\u003c/label\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e\"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/defitem\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is organized into five series, and items are arranged chronologically within each series. Items with no date are placed at the end of a series.","Series 1 Early Arts Organizations, 1888-1928 Series 2 Richmond Academy of Arts/Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, 1917-1942  Series 3 Correspondence, 1931-1942 Series 4 Sallie Leigh Cole, Correspondence and Notes, 1931-1932, undated Series 5 \"Southern States Art League Newsletter,\" 1941-1942"],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003eThe Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eRichmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eThe Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 \u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eExhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eSubject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eJulia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eStatuts \u0026amp; reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026amp; Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eEdmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eAdele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003eAdele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Related Materials: VMFA Library - Book","Related Material: VMFA Library - Catalogs","Related Materials: VMFA Library - Vertical Files","Related Materials: Library of Virginia","Related Materials: University of Virginia","Related Materials: Virginia Commonwealth University","Related Materials: Virginia Historical Society"],"bibliography_tesim":["The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the U.S.A. Established at Richmond, Virginia on May 8th, in the year 1786, 1931","Richmond, Virginia, in Old Prints 1737-1887, 1932","The Twenty-Seventh Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947 ","Exhibition File: 27th Annual Exhibition of the Southern States Art League, 1947","Subject File: Art Organizations and Foundations: Virginia: Private: Richmond Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts (2 folders)","Julia Sully Papers (Coll. No. 26567)","Statuts \u0026 reglemens de l'Academie des Sciences \u0026 Beaux Arts des Etats-Unis de l'Amerique, etablie a Richemond, capitale de la Virginie, 1786 (Coll No. 23617)","Edmund S. Campbell Papers (Coll. No. 3505)","Adele Goodman Clark Papers (Coll. No. M9)","Adele Clark Papers (Coll. No. Mss1 C5472 a FA2)"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOn May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAfter one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \u003ca href=\"http://www.pandora.vmfa.museum/uhtbin/cgisirsi.exe/x/0/0/57/5/3?searchdata1=75415%7bCKEY%7d\u0026amp;searchfield1=GENERAL%5eSUBJECT%5eGENERAL%5e%5e\u0026amp;user_id=WEBSERVER/\"\u003eThe Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSource: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts, \u003ca href=\"http://www.pandora.vmfa.museum/uhtbin/cgisirsi.exe/x/0/0/57/5/3?searchdata1=29161%7bCKEY%7d\u0026amp;searchfield1=GENERAL%5eSUBJECT%5eGENERAL%5e%5e\u0026amp;user_id=WEBSERVER/\"\u003eArts in Virginia\u003c/a\u003e, Winter 1966\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["On May 8, 1786, the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America was founded in Richmond, Virginia, the first institution of its kind formed in the States. The establishment of the Academy was the result of a zealous young French soldier and scholar, the Chevalier Alexander Marie Quesnay de Beaurepaire, who landed in Portsmouth, Virginia in early March 1777. Quesnay lobbied for over ten years to see his Academy built and was finally rewarded on June 24, 1786 when the cornerstone for a gallery, museum, theater and school was laid at Academy Square by Richmond's Masonic Lodge No. 13. After the completion of the building later that year, and the opening of the Academy strictly for theatrical purposes on October 10, the Academy quickly started experiencing financial problems. Within months of the opening, Quesnay quietly slipped out of the country to return to France on a quest to secure further funding, and he spent the next two and a half years trying to enlist the support of members of Paris' learned societies. With the fall of the Bastille in July 1789 however, Quesnay was called upon to serve as a commander in the Parisian militia, surviving the revolution, but never to return to his Academy or even to America's shores. The Academy continued to serve as a center for drama until the building was destroyed by a catastrophic fire on January 23, 1798. ","After one hundred and thirty years elapsed, it was Quesnay's Academy that many noted Richmond artists sought to revive in the early 1930s, when the Academy was resurrected in Richmond. Decades earlier, members of another Richmond art organization, the Art Club of Richmond, directed their attention towards this task and created an Academy Committee within the Club to promote interest in its revival. In the spring of 1917, the Committee began a fund-raising effort by selling subscriptions for a sum invested in Liberty Bonds, to be paid towards an Academy Fund. The continuing war effort stalled the project however and the Art Club passed out of existence. In 1919, the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts was organized by Adele Clark and Nora Houston, and one of its main objectives was to restore the Academy, a movement which didn't gain real strength until 1924-1925, but finally resulted in the chartering of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930 \"to resume and promote the cultural activities and purposes of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of America.\" While all the while remaining true to the goals of fostering and preserving the artistic culture of Richmond, the new Academy was re-chartered in 1936 as the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts, although it was known by both names until its charter was revoked and the organization went out of business in 1948, largely due to the Academy's failure to gain enough support to build an adequate facility, and its purpose was eventually subsumed into the mission of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.","Source:  The Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts of the United States of American: Being an Outline of the History of the Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Source: \"Poet, Patriot and Pedagogue,\" by John G. Roberts,  Arts in Virginia , Winter 1966"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["The collection is comprised of archival materials found in the VMFA Library's holdings. The collection was accessioned into the VMFA Archives' collection in August 2004."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRecords of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03). VMFA Archives, Richmond, Virginia."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Note"],"processinfo_tesim":["The collection was initially processed in August 2004. A large accretion was processed in November 2005. During processing, original newspaper clippings were photocopied, with identifiers transferred, and incorporated into the vertical files in the Library collection."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThis series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description","Series Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection's inclusive dates are 1888-1942, with the bulk of the material dating from 1931 and 1938. The collection is comprised of exhibition catalogs, correspondence, invitations, tickets, newsletters, bulletins and other ephemeral material.","This series is comprised of exhibition catalogs from various shows presented in Richmond and sponsored by different arts organizations from the late 19th and early 20th centuries, in the decades before the revival of the Richmond Academy of Arts in 1930. In 1888, the statewide \"Virginia Exposition\" was held at the fairgrounds in Richmond and mainly showcased artifacts of historical significance. Judge John Barton Payne donated his entire painting collection to the state of Virginia in 1919, which formed the core of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts' collection when it was founded. The Virginia League of Fine Arts was the successor to the Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts, and merged with the Academy just two years after their \"First Municipal Art Exhibition of Richmond\" in 1928.","The series is comprised mainly of exhibition catalogues from various shows sponsored by or shown at the Academy. Much of the material relates to the two Tournaments of Arts and Crafts, held in April of 1931 and 1932, and which proved to be wildly popular month-long programs of juried exhibitions and competitions in drama, music, literature, elocution and dancing. Several of the items in the series have been cut out of a scrapbook created by Sallie Leigh Cole sometime in 1931 (see Series 4 for Cole's notes). It is not known when or by whom the items were removed.","The series is comprised of correspondence, chiefly between Thomas C. Colt, Director of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts and Captain W.M.F. Bayliss, Secretary of the Board of Trustees and later President of the Academy, who discussed the possibilities for a new home for the Academy in 1938, including the consideration of housing the Academy at the museum. Eventually, Colt convinced Bayliss that the museum and the Academy needed to remain two separate entities, while still supporting the Academy's mission and purpose. In 1940, the discussion turned to the topic of a Salon des Refuses, which presented paintings that were denied entry into the Third Biennial Exhibition of Contemporary American Painting at the museum, an idea Colt strongly supported. Other correspondents include Thomas Singleton, Director of the Academy, Adele Clark, State Director of the W.P.A. Project, and Blythe Branch, Richmond resident and philanthropist.","The series consists of correspondence and notes relating to Sallie Leigh Cole, a local Richmond artist, and her relationship with the Academy in the early 1930s. In one letter she is invited to submit her artwork (media unknown) to a traveling exhibition of paintings, drawings and prints. Another letter notifies Cole that she is to serve as a hostess for the opening tea of the second Tournament of Arts and Crafts in 1932. Cole's notes outline the contents of a scrapbook that documented the early history of the Academy; her handwritten Foreword reads, \"This scrapbook was assembled by the Art Appreciation Class of Richmond Normal School in the spring of 1931. An attempt has been made to collect and compile data of the history of the Richmond Academy of Arts from its beginning in 1786 through its revival in 1931. The members of the art class working on this scrapbook were\"; the Foreword stops there. The scrapbook is no longer extant, although several of the items once glued into the book can be found in Series 1 of the collection. Cole also compiled information on French artist Charles Hoffbauer, who painted the murals \"The Four Seasons at the Confederacy\" at Battle Abbey in Richmond, which were completed in 1921. The series also includes a few items of unknown origin or relevance to Cole and the Academy, but were kept with the collection as they were discovered along with the other items.","The series is comprised of issues of the Southern States Art League Newsletter, a prominent regionalist artist organization, headquartered in New Orleans and in operation from 1922-1950, dedicated to promoting the cause and interests of Southern artists and the South through art. Holding annual conventions and exhibitions for almost every year of its 28-year existence, members of the League hailed from thirteen Southern states and the District of Columbia. Active membership was based upon the artist having been born in the South or a resident for two years, and in active practice of an artistic profession. It is unknown how many Richmond artists were members, but the Virginia Museum was a Sustaining Member, and in 1947, the League's annual exhibition of Southern artists was hung concurrently with the museum's annual exhibition of Virginia Artists, suggesting a strong link between Richmond and the League."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication"],"userestrict_tesim":["The collection is subject to all copyright laws. Transmission or reproduction of materials protected by copyright, beyond that allowed by fair use, requires the researcher to obtain permission of copyright holders."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_7f7888ae484e7c6bfb4c577f3b85ff90\"\u003eThe collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection documents the rich history of Richmond's artistic culture and community in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Drawing upon the legacy of the first Academy of Fine Arts in the United States, founded in Richmond in 1786, the Richmond Academy of Arts was revived in 1930, and records created throughout the organization's history comprise the majority of the collection. The Academy provided the most cohesive and active arts organization in Richmond before the founding of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. Even after the museum's opening in 1936, the relationship between the Academy and the museum is notable; from the correspondence between Thomas C. Colt, the museum's first Director, and two Presidents of the Academy, to the creation of Richmond's first \"Salon des Refuses,\" and to the repeated overlapping of artist and patron names within the organizations."],"names_coll_ssim":["Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Art Club of Richmond","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"names_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏","Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"corpname_ssim":["Virginia Museum of Fine Arts Archives","Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","Richmond Academy of Arts","Southern States Art League","Art Club of Richmond","Tournament of Arts and Crafts","Virginia League of Fine Arts and Handicrafts","Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","Woman's Club (Richmond, Va.)‏"],"persname_ssim":["Cole, Sallie Leigh","Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","Singleton, Thomas","Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","Branch, Blythe","Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":126,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"timestamp":"2026-05-21T03:32:35.642Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/virmu_repositories_2_resources_17"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","value":"Virginia Commonwealth University, Cabell Library","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Commonwealth+University%2C+Cabell+Library\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","value":"Virginia Museum of Fine Arts","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Virginia+Museum+of+Fine+Arts\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","value":"Adele Goodman Clark papers","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Adele+Goodman+Clark+papers\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material","value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983. Artist file: miscellaneous uncatalogued material","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983.+Artist+file%3A+miscellaneous+uncatalogued+material\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","value":"Records of Virginia Arts Organizations (SC-03)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Records+of+Virginia+Arts+Organizations+%28SC-03%29\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1849","value":"1849","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1849\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1850","value":"1850","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1850\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1851","value":"1851","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1851\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1852","value":"1852","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1852\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1853","value":"1853","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1853\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1854","value":"1854","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1854\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1855","value":"1855","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1855\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1856","value":"1856","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1856\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1857","value":"1857","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1857\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1858","value":"1858","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1858\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1859","value":"1859","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1859\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Academy+of+Sciences+and+Fine+Arts\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","value":"Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Bayliss%2C+W.+M.+F.%E2%80%8F+%28William+Murray+Forbes%29%2C+1896-\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Branch, Blythe","value":"Branch, Blythe","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Branch%2C+Blythe\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cole, Sallie Leigh","value":"Cole, Sallie Leigh","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Cole%2C+Sallie+Leigh\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","value":"Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Colt%2C+Thomas+C.%2C+1905-1985\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Richmond Academy of Arts","value":"Richmond Academy of Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+Academy+of+Arts\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Singleton, Thomas","value":"Singleton, Thomas","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Singleton%2C+Thomas\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Southern States Art League","value":"Southern States Art League","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Southern+States+Art+League\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","value":"Weddell, Alexander Wilbourne, 1876-1948","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Weddell%2C+Alexander+Wilbourne%2C+1876-1948\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","value":"Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Academy+of+Sciences+and+Fine+Arts\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Art Club of Richmond","value":"Art Club of Richmond","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Art+Club+of+Richmond\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","value":"Bayliss, W. M. F.‏ (William Murray Forbes), 1896-","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bayliss%2C+W.+M.+F.%E2%80%8F+%28William+Murray+Forbes%29%2C+1896-\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Branch, Blythe","value":"Branch, Blythe","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Branch%2C+Blythe\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","value":"Clark, Adèle, 1882-1983 -- Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983+--+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Cole, Sallie Leigh","value":"Cole, Sallie Leigh","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Cole%2C+Sallie+Leigh\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","value":"Colt, Thomas C., 1905-1985","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Colt%2C+Thomas+C.%2C+1905-1985\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","value":"Equal Suffrage League of Virginia -- Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Equal+Suffrage+League+of+Virginia+--+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","value":"League of Women Voters of the Richmond Metropolitan Area (Va.) -- Archives","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=League+of+Women+Voters+of+the+Richmond+Metropolitan+Area+%28Va.%29+--+Archives\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏","value":"Payne, John Barton, 1855-1935‏","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Payne%2C+John+Barton%2C+1855-1935%E2%80%8F\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Richmond (Va.)","value":"Richmond (Va.)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Richmond+%28Va.%29\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","value":"Art -- 20th century -- Virginia -- Richmond","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Art+--+20th+century+--+Virginia+--+Richmond\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","value":"Art, American -- Virginia -- 20th century","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Art%2C+American+--+Virginia+--+20th+century\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Artists -- Virginia","value":"Artists -- Virginia","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Artists+--+Virginia\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Vertical files","value":"Vertical files","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Vertical+files\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","value":"Women -- Suffrage -- Virginia -- Richmond","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+--+Suffrage+--+Virginia+--+Richmond\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","value":"Women civic leaders -- Virginia -- Richmond","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Women+civic+leaders+--+Virginia+--+Richmond\u0026f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":3},"links":{"remove":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=compact"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=keyword\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=name\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=place\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=subject\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=title\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=container\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026search_field=identifier\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=date_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+asc\u0026view=compact"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://search.arvasarchive.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clark%2C+Ad%C3%A8le%2C+1882-1983\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026sort=title_sort+desc\u0026view=compact"}}]}